U.S. patent application number 15/212969 was filed with the patent office on 2016-11-10 for contact structure of semiconductor device.
The applicant listed for this patent is Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.. Invention is credited to Wei-Yu Chen, Ting-Wei Chiang, Ta-Pen Guo, Ming-Hsiang Song, Hsiang-Jen Tseng, Kuo-Nan Yang.
Application Number | 20160329405 15/212969 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 51016183 |
Filed Date | 2016-11-10 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160329405 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Tseng; Hsiang-Jen ; et
al. |
November 10, 2016 |
CONTACT STRUCTURE OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE
Abstract
The invention relates to a contact structure of a semiconductor
device. An exemplary structure for a semiconductor device comprises
an insulation region over a substrate; a gate electrode layer over
the insulation region comprising a gate middle line; a first
contact structure over the insulation region adjacent to the gate
electrode layer comprising a first middle line, wherein the first
middle line and the gate middle line has a first distance; and a
second contact structure over the insulation region on a side of
the gate electrode layer opposite to the first contact structure
comprising a second middle line, wherein the second middle line and
the gate middle line has a second distance greater than the first
distance.
Inventors: |
Tseng; Hsiang-Jen;
(Hsin-Chu, TW) ; Chiang; Ting-Wei; (New Taipei
City, TW) ; Chen; Wei-Yu; (Hsin-Chu, TW) ;
Yang; Kuo-Nan; (Hsin-Chu, TW) ; Song;
Ming-Hsiang; (Shin-Chu City, TW) ; Guo; Ta-Pen;
(Taipei City, TW) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. |
Hsin-Chu |
|
TW |
|
|
Family ID: |
51016183 |
Appl. No.: |
15/212969 |
Filed: |
July 18, 2016 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
13730052 |
Dec 28, 2012 |
9397217 |
|
|
15212969 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01L 21/823821 20130101;
H01L 2029/7858 20130101; H01L 29/7848 20130101; H01L 29/66795
20130101; H01L 29/7851 20130101; H01L 29/41775 20130101; H01L
27/0886 20130101; H01L 29/785 20130101; H01L 21/823814
20130101 |
International
Class: |
H01L 29/417 20060101
H01L029/417; H01L 29/78 20060101 H01L029/78; H01L 29/66 20060101
H01L029/66; H01L 27/088 20060101 H01L027/088 |
Claims
1. A semiconductor device comprising: a first fin and a second fin
over a substrate, the first fin and the second fin having an
elongated axis running in a first direction; an insulation region
extending between the first fin and the second fin, the first fin
and the second fin extending above the insulation region; a gate
electrode over the insulation region and the first fin and the
second fin; spacers alongside opposing sidewalls of the gate
electrode; a first source/drain region in the first fin and the
second fin, the first source/drain region extending laterally away
from the gate electrode; a second source/drain region in the first
fin and the second fin, the second source/drain region extending
laterally away from the gate electrode; a first contact structure
to the first source/drain region, the first contact structure
extending from laterally above the first fin to laterally above the
second fin, wherein the first contact structure is spaced apart
from a first closest sidewall of the gate electrode by a first
distance, the first source/drain region having a uniform dopant
concentration from a first spacer of the spacers to the first
contact structure; and a second contact structure to the second
source/drain region, the second contact structure extending from
laterally above the first fin to laterally above the second fin,
wherein the second contact structure is spaced apart from a second
closest sidewall of the gate electrode by a second distance, the
second distance less than the first distance, the second
source/drain region having a uniform dopant concentration from a
second spacer of the spacers to the second contact structure.
2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising a
semiconductor layer over the first fin and the second fin, wherein
the first source/drain region and the second source/drain region
comprise the semiconductor layer.
3. The semiconductor device of claim 2, wherein an upper surface of
the semiconductor layer is higher than a lower surface of the
spacers.
4. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first contact
structure is a drain contact and the second contact structure is a
source contact.
5. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a ratio of the
first distance to the second distance is from about 1.1 to about
5.
6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the gate electrode
comprises a gate bottom surface and the first contact structure
comprises a first bottom surface higher than the gate bottom
surface.
7. The semiconductor device of claim 6, wherein a first height
between the first bottom surface and the gate bottom surface is in
a range of about 1 nm to about 50 nm.
8. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the gate electrode
comprises a gate bottom surface and the second contact structure
comprises a second bottom surface higher than the gate bottom
surface.
9. The semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein a second height
between the second bottom surface and the gate bottom surface is in
a range of about 1 nm to about 50 nm.
10. A semiconductor device comprising: a first fin and a second
fin; an insulation region interposed between the first fin and the
second fin; a gate electrode over channel portions of the first fin
and the second fin, the gate electrode extending over a portion of
the insulation region; a semiconductor layer over the first fin and
the second fin on opposing sides of the gate electrode, the
semiconductor layer extending between the first fin and the second
fin; a first source/drain region and a second source/drain region
in the semiconductor layer, the first source/drain region and the
second source/drain region on opposing sides of the gate electrode;
an inter-layer dielectric (ILD) layer over the semiconductor layer;
and a first contact extending through the ILD layer to the first
source/drain region and a second contact extending through the ILD
layer to the second source/drain region, wherein a first distance
between a middle of the first contact and a gate of the gate
electrode is less than a second distance between a middle of the
second contact and the middle of the gate electrode, the first
source/drain region having a uniform dopant profile from the first
contact to a first gate spacer, the second source/drain region
having a uniform dopant profile from the second contact to a second
gate spacer.
11. The semiconductor device of claim 10, wherein the first contact
is a source contact and the second contact is a drain contact.
12. The semiconductor device of claim 10, wherein a ratio of the
second distance to the first distance is from about 1.1 to about
5.
13. The semiconductor device of claim 10, wherein a lattice
constant of the semiconductor layer is different than a lattice
constant of the first fin and the second fin.
14. The semiconductor device of claim 10, further comprising a
semiconductor capping layer over the first fin and the second
fin.
15. The semiconductor device of claim 14, wherein the semiconductor
capping layer comprises a silicon capping layer.
16. A method of forming a semiconductor device, the method
comprising: forming a first fin and a second fin; forming an
insulation region interposed between the first fin and the second
fin; forming a gate electrode over channel portions of the first
fin and the second fin, the gate electrode extending over a portion
of the insulation region; forming a semiconductor layer over the
first fin and the second fin on opposing sides of the gate
electrode, the semiconductor layer extending between the first fin
and the second fin; forming a first source/drain region and a
second source/drain region in the semiconductor layer on opposing
sides of the gate electrode; forming an inter-layer dielectric
(ILD) layer over the semiconductor layer; forming a first opening
extending through the ILD layer to the first source/drain region
and a second opening extending through the ILD layer to the second
source/drain region; and forming a first contact in the first
opening and a second contact in the second opening, wherein a first
distance between a middle of the first contact and a gate of the
gate electrode is less than a second distance between a middle of
the second contact and the middle of the gate electrode, the first
source/drain region having a uniform dopant profile from the first
contact to a first gate spacer, the second source/drain region
having a uniform dopant profile from the second contact to a second
gate spacer.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein a ratio of the second distance
to the first distance is from about 1.1 to about 5.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein forming the semiconductor layer
comprises epitaxially growing a strained material over the first
fin and the second fin after forming the gate electrode, the
strained material extending over the insulation region, wherein a
lattice constant of the strained material is different from a
lattice constant of the first fin and the second fin.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the strained material is
separated from the gate electrode by a gate spacer.
20. The method of claim 16, wherein forming the first contact
comprises forming the first contact such that the first contact
overlaps at least a portion of the first fin and the second fin.
Description
[0001] This application is a divisional application of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 13/730,052, entitled "Contact Structure of
Semiconductor Device," filed Dec. 28, 2012, which application is
herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] This disclosure relates to integrated circuit fabrication,
and more particularly to a semiconductor device with a contact
structure.
BACKGROUND
[0003] As the semiconductor industry has progressed into nanometer
technology process nodes in pursuit of higher device density,
higher performance, and lower costs, challenges from both
fabrication and design issues have resulted in the development of
three-dimensional designs of a semiconductor device, such as a fin
field effect transistor (FinFET). A typical FinFET is fabricated
with a thin vertical "fin" (or fin structure) extending from a
substrate formed by, for example, etching away a portion of a
silicon layer of the substrate. The channel of the FinFET is formed
in this vertical fin. A gate is provided over three sides (e.g.,
wrapping) the fin. Having a gate on both sides of the channel
allows gate control of the channel from both sides. In addition,
strained materials in source/drain (S/D) portions of the FinFET
utilizing selectively grown silicon germanium may be used to
enhance carrier mobility.
[0004] However, there are challenges to implementation of such
features and processes in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
(CMOS) fabrication. For example, parasitic capacitance between S/D
contact structure and the gate significantly increases if the gate
wraps the fin, thereby degrading the device performance.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0005] The present disclosure is best understood from the following
detailed description when read with the accompanying figures. It is
emphasized that, in accordance with the standard practice in the
industry, various features are not drawn to scale and are used for
illustration purposes only. In fact, the dimensions of the various
features may be arbitrarily increased or reduced for clarity of
discussion.
[0006] FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method of fabricating a
contact structure of a semiconductor device according to various
aspects of the present disclosure;
[0007] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a semiconductor device
comprising a contact structure according to various aspects of the
present disclosure; and
[0008] FIGS. 3A-10C are cross-section views of a semiconductor
device comprising a contact structure at various stages of
fabrication according to various aspects of the present
disclosure.
DESCRIPTION
[0009] It is understood that the following disclosure provides many
different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different
features of the disclosure. Specific examples of components and
arrangements are described below to simplify the present
disclosure. These are, of course, merely examples and are not
intended to be limiting. For example, the formation of a first
feature over or on a second feature in the description that follows
may include embodiments in which the first and second features are
formed in direct contact, and may also include embodiments in which
additional features may be formed between the first and second
features, such that the first and second features may not be in
direct contact. In addition, the present disclosure may repeat
reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples. This
repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does
not in itself dictate a relationship between the various
embodiments and/or configurations discussed.
[0010] Referring to FIG. 1, illustrated is a flowchart of a method
100 of fabricating a contact structure of a semiconductor device
according to various aspects of the present disclosure. The method
100 begins with step 102 in which a substrate is provided. The
method 100 continues with step 104 in which a first fin of the
substrate and a second fin of the substrate are formed extending
above a major surface of the substrate, wherein the first fin and
second fin comprise fin top surfaces. The method 100 continues with
step 106 in which an insulation region is formed above the
substrate major surface between the first fin and second fin,
wherein the insulation region comprises an insulation top surface
lower than the fin top surfaces. The method 100 continues with step
108 in which a gate electrode layer is formed over channel portions
of the first fin and the second fin and extending over a portion of
the insulation region, wherein a portion of the gate electrode
layer over the portion of insulation region comprises a gate middle
line.
[0011] The method 100 continues with step 110 in which an
inter-layer dielectric (ILD) layer surrounding the gate electrode
layer is formed over the insulation region. The method 100
continues with step 112 in which a first opening and a second
opening are formed in the ILD layer over the insulation region,
wherein a distance between a middle line of the first opening and
the gate middle line are different from a distance between a middle
line of the second opening and the gate middle line. The method 100
continues with step 114 in which a metal layer is formed in the
first opening to form a first contact structure and in the second
opening to form a second contact structure. The discussion that
follows illustrates embodiments of semiconductor devices that can
be fabricated according to the method 100 of FIG. 1.
[0012] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a semiconductor device 200
comprising a contact structure 220 according to various aspects of
the present disclosure; and FIGS. 3A-10C are cross-section views of
the semiconductor device 200 at various stages of fabrication
according to various aspects of the present disclosure. Each figure
denoted with a letter "A" shows an embodiment taken along line a-a
(gate lengthwise) of FIG. 2; each figure denoted with a letter "B"
shows an embodiment taken along line b-b (fin lengthwise) of FIG.
2; and each figure denoted with a letter "C" shows an embodiment
taken along line c-c (between fins) of FIG. 2. As employed in the
present disclosure, the term semiconductor device 200 refers to a
fin field effect transistor (FinFET). The FinFET refers to any
fin-based, multi-gate transistor. Other transistor structures and
analogous structures are within the contemplated scope of the
disclosure. The semiconductor device 200 may be included in a
microprocessor, memory cell, and/or other integrated circuit
(IC).
[0013] It is noted that, in some embodiments, the performance of
the operations mentioned in FIG. 1 does not produce a completed
semiconductor device 200. A completed semiconductor device 200 may
be fabricated using complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)
technology processing. Accordingly, it is understood that
additional processes may be provided before, during, and/or after
the method 100 of FIG. 1, and that some other processes may only be
briefly described herein. Also, FIGS. 2 through 10B are simplified
for a better understanding of the concepts of the present
disclosure. For example, although the figures illustrate the
semiconductor device 200, it is understood the IC may comprise a
number of other devices comprising resistors, capacitors,
inductors, fuses, etc.
[0014] FIG. 2 illustrates a semiconductor device 200 fabricated
using the steps in FIG. 1. The semiconductor device 200 comprises a
FinFET (also referred to as a FinFET 200 hereafter). For
illustration, the FinFET 200 comprises a fin structure 202
(comprising a first fin 202a of the substrate 20 and a second fin
202b of the substrate 20), an insulation region 204 between the
first fin 202a and second fin 202b, a gate electrode layer 214
traversing over the first fin 202a and second fin 202b, and a
contact structure 220 on an epitaxial layer 208 adjacent to one
side of the gate electrode layer 214. In some embodiments, the
FinFET 200 may comprise less than or greater than two fins, for
example, one fin or three fins.
[0015] Referring to FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C, and step 102 in FIG. 1, a
substrate 20 is provided. FIG. 3A is a cross-section view of the
FinFET 200 taken along the line a-a of FIG. 2 having a substrate at
one of the various stages of fabrication according to an
embodiment, FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view of FinFET 200 taken
along the line b-b of FIG. 2, and FIG. 3C is a cross-sectional view
of FinFET 200 taken along the line c-c of FIG. 2.
[0016] In at least one embodiment, the substrate 20 comprises a
crystalline silicon substrate (e.g., wafer). The substrate 20 may
comprise various doped regions depending on design requirements
(e.g., p-type substrate or n-type substrate). In some embodiments,
the doped regions may be doped with p-type or n-type dopants. For
example, the doped regions may be doped with p-type dopants, such
as boron or BF.sub.2; n-type dopants, such as phosphorus or
arsenic; and/or combinations thereof. The doped regions may be
configured for an n-type FinFET, or alternatively configured for a
p-type
[0017] The substrate 20 may alternatively be made of some other
suitable elementary semiconductor, such as diamond or germanium; a
suitable compound semiconductor, such as gallium arsenide, silicon
carbide, indium arsenide, or indium phosphide; or a suitable alloy
semiconductor, such as silicon germanium carbide, gallium arsenic
phosphide, or gallium indium phosphide. Further, the substrate 20
may include an epitaxial layer (epi-layer), may be strained for
performance enhancement, and/or may include a silicon-on-insulator
(SOI) structure.
[0018] Still referring to FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C, the structures in
FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C are produced by forming a fin structure 202
(comprising a first fin 202a of the substrate 20 and a second fin
202b of the substrate 20) extending above a major surface 20s of
the substrate 20 comprising fin top surfaces 202t (step 104 in FIG.
1). In some embodiments, the fin structure 202 may further comprise
a capping layer (not shown) disposed on the fins, which may be a
silicon-capping layer.
[0019] The fin structure 202 is formed using any suitable process
comprising various deposition, photolithography, and/or etching
processes. An exemplary photolithography process may include
forming a photo-sensitive layer overlying the substrate 20 (e.g.,
on a silicon layer), exposing the photo-sensitive layer to a
pattern, performing a post-exposure bake process, and developing
the photo-sensitive layer to form a masking element including the
photo-sensitive layer. The silicon layer may then be etched using
reactive ion etching (RIE) processes and/or other suitable
processes to form trenches 206a with a major surface 20s of the
substrate 20. Each portion of the substrate 20 between trenches
206a forms one semiconductor fin. In the depicted embodiment, the
fin structure 202 (comprising the first fin 202a of the substrate
20 and the second fin 202b of the substrate 20) extends above the
major surface 20s of the substrate 20 comprising the fin top
surfaces 202t. The photo-sensitive layer is then removed. Next, a
cleaning may be performed to remove a native oxide of the
semiconductor substrate 20. The cleaning may be performed using
diluted hydrofluoric (DHF) acid.
[0020] Liner oxide (not shown) is then optionally formed in the
trenches 206a. In an embodiment, liner oxide may be a thermal oxide
having a thickness ranging from about 20 .ANG. to about 500 .ANG..
In some embodiments, liner oxide may be formed using in-situ steam
generation (ISSG) and the like. The formation of liner oxide rounds
corners of the trenches 206a, which reduces the electrical fields,
and hence improves the performance of the resulting integrated
circuit.
[0021] FIG. 4A is a cross-section view of the FinFET 200 taken
along the line a-a of FIG. 2 at one of the various stages of
fabrication according to an embodiment, FIG. 4B is a
cross-sectional view of FinFET 200 taken along the line b-b of FIG.
2, and FIG. 4C is a cross-sectional view of FinFET 200 taken along
the line c-c of FIG. 2. The structure in FIGS. 4A, 4B, and 4C are
produced by forming an insulation region 204 above the substrate
major surface 20s between the first fin 202a and second fin 202b
comprising an insulation top surface 204s lower than the fin top
surfaces 202t (step 106 in FIG. 1).
[0022] In the depicted embodiment, the trenches 22 are filled with
a dielectric material to form the isolation regions 204 to define
and electrically isolate the various fins of the fin structure 202.
In one example, the isolation regions 204 include shallow trench
isolation (STI) regions. The isolation regions 204 comprise silicon
oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, fluoride-doped silicate
glass (FSG), a low-K dielectric material, and/or combinations
thereof. The isolation regions 204, and in the present embodiment,
the STI regions 204, may be formed by any suitable process. As one
example, the formation of the STI regions 204 may include filling
trenches between the fins (for example, using a chemical vapor
deposition process) with a dielectric material. In some
embodiments, the filled trench may have a multi-layer structure
such as a thermal oxide liner layer filled with silicon nitride or
silicon oxide.
[0023] A chemical mechanical polish is then performed until the top
surface of the fin structure 202 is exposed or reached, followed by
recessing the dielectric material by an etching step, resulting in
recesses 206b to expose upper portions 202u of the fin structure
202 to form the isolation regions 204. Each of the upper portions
202u of the fin structure 202 comprises two source/drain (S/D)
portions 202s, 202d and a channel portion 202c between the two S/D
regions 202s, 202d. As such, the insulation region 204 is above the
substrate major surface 20s between the first fin 202a and second
fin 202b comprising an insulation top surface 204s lower than the
fin top surfaces 202t. In one embodiment, the etching step may be
performed using a wet etching process, for example, by dipping the
substrate 202 in hydrofluoric acid (HF). In another embodiment, the
etching step may be performed using a dry etching process, for
example, the dry etching process may be performed using CHF.sub.3
or BF.sub.3 as etching gases.
[0024] As shown in FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C, after formation of the
isolation regions 204, the structures in FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C are
produced by forming a gate electrode layer 214 over channel
portions 202c of the first fin 202a and the second fin 202b and
extending over a portion of the insulation region 204, wherein a
portion of the gate electrode layer 214 over the portion of
insulation region 204 comprises a gate middle line 214m (step 108
in FIG. 1). FIG. 5A is a cross-section view of the FinFET 200 taken
along the line a-a of FIG. 2 at one of the various stages of
fabrication according to an embodiment, FIG. 5B is a
cross-sectional view of FinFET 200 taken along the line b-b of FIG.
2, and FIG. 5C is a cross-sectional view of FinFET 200 taken along
the line c-c of FIG. 2.
[0025] In some embodiments, the gate electrode layer 214 is over a
gate dielectric layer 212. The gate electrode layer 214 and the
gate dielectric layer 212 form a gate stack 210. In some
embodiments, a pair of sidewall spacers 216 is formed on two sides
of the gate stack 210. In the depicted embodiment, the gate stack
210 may be formed using any suitable process, including the
processes described herein.
[0026] In one example, the gate dielectric layer 212 and gate
electrode layer 214 are sequentially deposited over the substrate
20. In some embodiments, the gate dielectric layer 212 may include
silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxy-nitride, or high
dielectric constant (high-k) dielectric. High-k dielectrics
comprise metal oxides. Examples of metal oxides used for high-k
dielectrics include oxides of Li, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Sc, Y, Zr, Hf,
Al, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu and
mixtures thereof. In the present embodiment, the gate dielectric
layer 212 is a high-k dielectric layer with a thickness in the
range of about 10 angstroms to about 30 angstroms. The gate
dielectric layer 212 may be formed using a suitable process such as
atomic layer deposition (ALD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD),
physical vapor deposition (PVD), thermal oxidation, UV-ozone
oxidation, or combinations thereof. The gate dielectric layer 212
may further comprise an interfacial layer (not shown) to reduce
damage between the gate dielectric layer 212 and the fin structure
202. The interfacial layer may comprise silicon oxide.
[0027] In some embodiments, the gate electrode layer 214 may
comprise a single-layer or multilayer structure. In at least one
embodiment, the gate electrode layer 214 comprises poly-silicon.
Further, the gate electrode layer 214 may be doped poly-silicon
with the uniform or non-uniform doping. In an alternative
embodiment, the gate electrode layer 214 comprises N-work function
metal. The N-work function metal comprises a metal selected from a
group of W, Cu, Ti, Ag, Al, TiAl, TiAlN, TaC, TaCN, TaSiN, Mn, and
Zr. In an alternative embodiment, the gate electrode layer 214
comprises P-work function metal. The P-work function metal
comprises a metal selected from a group of TiN, WN, TaN, and Ru. In
the present embodiment, the gate electrode layer 214 comprises a
thickness in the range of about 30 nm to about 60 nm. The gate
electrode layer 214 may be formed using a suitable process such as
ALD, CVD, PVD, plating, or combinations thereof.
[0028] Then, a layer of photoresist (not shown) is formed over the
gate electrode layer 214 by a suitable process, such as spin-on
coating, and patterned to form a patterned photoresist feature by a
proper lithography patterning method. In at least one embodiment, a
width of the patterned photoresist feature is in the range of about
5 nm to about 45 nm The patterned photoresist feature can then be
transferred using a dry etching process to the underlying layers
(i.e., the gate electrode layer 214 and the gate dielectric layer
212) to form the gate stack 210. The photoresist layer may be
stripped thereafter.
[0029] Still referring to FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C, the FinFET 200
further comprises a dielectric layer formed over the gate stack 210
and the substrate 20 and covering sidewalls of the gate stack 210.
The dielectric layer may include silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or
silicon oxy-nitride. The dielectric layer may comprise a single
layer or multilayer structure. The dielectric layer may be formed
by CVD, PVD, ALD, or other suitable technique. The dielectric layer
comprises a thickness ranging from about 5 nm to about 15 nm. Then,
an anisotropic etching is performed on the dielectric layer to form
the pair of sidewall spacers 216 on two sides of the gate stack
210.
[0030] FIG. 6A is a cross-section view of the FinFET 200 taken
along the line a-a of FIG. 2 at one of the various stages of
fabrication according to an embodiment, FIG. 6B is a
cross-sectional view of FinFET 200 taken along the line b-b of FIG.
2, and FIG. 6C is a cross-sectional view of FinFET 200 taken along
the line c-c of FIG. 2. As depicted in FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C, after
forming the gate electrode layer 214, the optional structures in
FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C are produced by epi-growing a strained
material 208 on the S/D portions 202s, 202d of the fins 202 and
extending over the insulation region 204, wherein a lattice
constant of the strained material 208 is different from a lattice
constant of the substrate 20. Thus, the channel portion 202c of the
FinFET 200 is strained or stressed to enhance carrier mobility of
the device.
[0031] In some embodiments, the strained material 208 comprises Si,
Ge, SiGe, SiC, SiP, or III-V semiconductor material. In the
depicted embodiment, a pre-cleaning process may be performed to
clean the S/D portions 202s, 202d with HF or other suitable
solution. Then, the strained material 208 such as silicon germanium
(SiGe) is selectively grown by a low-pressure CVD (LPCVD) process
on the S/D portions 202s, 202d. In the depicted embodiment, the
LPCVD process is performed at a temperature of about 400 to about
800.degree. C. and under a pressure of about 1 to about 15 Torr,
using SiH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, HCl, GeH.sub.4, B.sub.2H.sub.6, and
H.sub.2 as reaction gases.
[0032] As depicted in FIGS. 7A, 7B, and 7C, and step 110 in FIG. 1,
for fabricating a contact structure (such as a contact structure
220 shown in FIG. 10) of the FinFET 200, the structures in FIGS.
7A, 7B, and 7C are produced by forming an inter-layer dielectric
(ILD) layer 218 surrounding the gate electrode layer 214 (and the
pair of sidewall spacers 216) over the insulation region 204, and
extending over the two source/drain (S/D) portions 202a, 202d. FIG.
7A is a cross-section view of the FinFET 200 taken along the line
a-a of FIG. 2 at one of the various stages of fabrication according
to an embodiment, FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view of FinFET 200
taken along the line b-b of FIG. 2, and FIG. 7C is a
cross-sectional view of FinFET 200 taken along the line c-c of FIG.
2.
[0033] The ILD layer 218 comprises a dielectric material. The
dielectric material may comprise silicon oxide, silicon nitride,
silicon oxynitride, phosphosilicate glass (PSG),
borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG), spin-on glass (SOG), fluorinated
silica glass (FSG), carbon doped silicon oxide (e.g., SiCOH),
and/or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the ILD layer 218
may be formed over the strained material 208 by CVD, high density
plasma (HDP) CVD, sub-atmospheric CVD (SACVD), spin-on, sputtering,
or other suitable methods. In the present embodiment, the ILD layer
218 has a thickness in the range of about 4000 .ANG. to about 8000
.ANG.. It is understood that the ILD layer 218 may comprise one or
more dielectric materials and/or one or more dielectric layers.
[0034] Subsequently, the ILD layer 218 is planarized using a CMP
process until a top surface 214s of the gate electrode layer 214 is
exposed or reached (shown in FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C). The CMP process
has a high selectivity to provide a substantially planar surface
for the gate electrode layer 214 and ILD layer 218. FIG. 8A is a
cross-section view of the FinFET 200 taken along the line a-a of
FIG. 2 at one of the various stages of fabrication according to an
embodiment, FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view of FinFET 200 taken
along the line b-b of FIG. 2, and FIG. 8C is a cross-sectional view
of FinFET 200 taken along the line c-c of FIG. 2.
[0035] The process steps up to this point have provided the
substrate 20 having the ILD layer 218 over the two S/D portions
202s, 202d. In some applications, two symmetrical S/D contact
structures on two sides of the gate electrode layer 214 are formed
through the ILD layer 218 to provide electrical contacts to the S/D
portions 202s, 202d of the FinFET 200. However, if the gate
electrode layer 214 wraps the fin 202 and has a design-rule
distance to the two symmetrical S/D contact structures, parasitic
capacitance between the S/D contact structures and the gate
electrode layer 214 significantly increases and thus degrades the
device performance.
[0036] Accordingly, the processing discussed below with reference
to FIGS. 9A-10C may form two asymmetrical S/D contact structures on
two sides of the gate electrode layer 214 to replace the two
symmetrical S/D contact structures on two sides of the gate
electrode layer 214. Thus, a distance between the gate electrode
layer 214 and one of the two asymmetrical S/D contact structures is
the design-rule distance if increased parasitic capacitance is
acceptable, while a distance between the gate electrode layer 214
and another one of the two asymmetrical S/D contact structures is
greater than the design-rule distance, resulting in lower parasitic
capacitance if increased parasitic capacitance is unacceptable,
thereby enhancing the device performance
[0037] Subsequent CMOS processing steps applied to the FinFET 200
of FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C comprise forming contact openings through
the ILD layer 218 to provide electrical contacts to the S/D
portions 202s, 202d of the FinFET 200. Referring to FIGS. 9A, 9B,
and 9C, the structures in FIGS. 9A, 9B, and 9C are produced by
forming openings 222 (comprising a first opening 222a and a second
opening 222b) in the ILD layer 218 over the insulation region 204,
wherein a first distance D.sub.1 (i.e., design-rule distance)
between a middle line 222m of the first opening 222a and the gate
middle line 214m is different from a second distance D.sub.2
between a middle line 222n of the second opening 222b and the gate
middle line 214m (step 112 in FIG. 1). FIG. 9A is a cross-section
view of the FinFET 200 taken along the line a-a of FIG. 2 at one of
the various stages of fabrication according to an embodiment, FIG.
9B is a cross-sectional view of FinFET 200 taken along the line b-b
of FIG. 2, and FIG. 9C is a cross-sectional view of FinFET 200
taken along the line c-c of FIG. 2.
[0038] As one example, the formation of the openings 222 includes
forming a layer of photoresist (not shown) over the ILD layer 218
by a suitable process, such as spin-on coating, patterning the
layer of photoresist to form a patterned photoresist feature by a
proper lithography method, etching the exposed ILD layer 218 (for
example, by using a dry etching, wet etching, and/or plasma etching
process) to remove portions of the ILD layer 218 to expose a
portion of the strained material 208 over the insulation regions
204. The patterned photoresist layer may be stripped
thereafter.
[0039] FIG. 10A is a cross-section view of the FinFET 200 taken
along the line a-a of FIG. 2 at one of the various stages of
fabrication according to an embodiment, FIG. 10B is a
cross-sectional view of FinFET 200 taken along the line b-b of FIG.
2, and FIG. 10C is a cross-sectional view of FinFET 200 taken along
the line c-c of FIG. 2. Referring to FIGS. 10A, 10B, and 10C, and
step 114 in FIG. 1, after formation of the openings 222 in the ILD
layer 218, the structures in FIGS. 10A, 10B, and 10C are produced
by forming a metal layer 224 in the first opening 222a to form a
first contact structure 220a and in the second opening 222b to form
a second contact structure 220b. The first contact structure 220a
and second contact structure 220b are combined and referred as the
contact structure 220.
[0040] In some embodiments, the metal layer 224 comprises W, Al, or
Cu. In some embodiments, the metal layer 224 may be formed by CVD,
PVD, plating, ALD, or other suitable technique. In some embodiment,
the metal layer 224 may comprise a laminate.
[0041] The laminate may further comprise a barrier metal layer, a
linear metal layer or a wetting metal layer. Further, the thickness
of the metal layer 224 will depend on the depth of the openings
222. The metal layer 224 is thus deposited until the openings 222
are substantially filled or over-filled. Then, another CMP is
performed to remove a portion of the metal layer 224 outside of the
openings 222, the CMP process may stop when reaching the ILD layer
218, and thus providing a substantially planar surface.
[0042] In some embodiments, the semiconductor device 200 comprises
the insulation region 204 over the substrate 20; the gate electrode
layer 214 over the insulation region 204 comprising the gate middle
line 214m; the first contact structure 220a over the insulation
region 204 adjacent to the gate electrode layer 214 comprising the
first middle line 222m, wherein the first middle line 222m and the
gate middle line 214m has the first distance D.sub.1; and the
second contact structure 220b over the insulation region 204 on a
side of the gate electrode layer 214 opposite to the first contact
structure 220a comprising the second middle line 222n, wherein the
second middle line 222n and the gate middle line 214m has the
second distance D.sub.2 greater than the first distance
D.sub.1.
[0043] In some embodiments, the FinFET 200 comprises the substrate
20 comprising the major surface 20s; the first fin 202a of the
substrate 20 and the second fin 202b of the substrate 20 extending
above the substrate major surface 20s comprising fin top surfaces
202t; the insulation region 204 above the substrate major surface
20s between the first fin 202a and second fin 202b comprising the
insulation top surface 204s lower than the fin top surfaces 202t;
the gate electrode layer 214 over the first fin 202a and the second
fin 202b and extending over insulation region 204, wherein the
portion of the gate electrode layer 214 over insulation region 204
comprises the gate middle line 214m; the first contact structure
220a over the insulation region 204 adjacent to the gate electrode
layer 214 comprising the first middle line 222m, wherein the first
middle line 222m and the gate middle line 214m has a first distance
D.sub.1; and the second contact structure 220b over the insulation
region 204 on a side of the gate electrode layer 214 opposite to
the first contact structure 220a comprising the second middle line
222n, wherein the second middle line 222n and the gate middle line
214m has a second distance D.sub.2 greater than the first distance
D.sub.1.
[0044] In some embodiments, a ratio of the second distance D.sub.2
to the first distance D.sub.1 is from about 1.1 to about 5. In some
embodiments, the gate electrode layer 214 comprises a gate bottom
surface 214b and the first contact structure 220a comprises a first
bottom surface 220c higher than the gate bottom surface 214b,
wherein a first height H.sub.1 between the first bottom surface
220c and the gate bottom surface 214b is in the range of about 1 to
about 50 nm. In some embodiments, the gate electrode layer 214
comprises a gate bottom surface 214b and the second contact
structure 220b comprises a second bottom surface 220d higher than
the gate bottom surface 214b, wherein a second height H.sub.2
between the second bottom surface 220d and the gate bottom surface
214b is in the range of about 1 to about 50 nm. In some
embodiments, a semiconductor layer (i.e. the strained material 208)
is between the first contact structure 220a and the insulation
region 204.
[0045] In the depicted embodiment, the gate stack 210 is fabricated
using a gate-first process. In an alternative embodiment, the gate
stack 210 may be fabricated using a gate-last process performed by
first forming a dummy gate stack. In some embodiments, the
gate-last process comprises forming an ILD layer surrounding the
dummy gate stack, removing a dummy gate electrode layer to form a
trench in the ILD layer, then fill the trench with a conductive
gate electrode layer. In some embodiments, the gate-last process
comprises forming an ILD layer surrounding the dummy gate stack,
removing a dummy gate electrode layer and a dummy gate dielectric
layer to form a trench in the ILD layer, then fill the trench with
a gate dielectric layer and a conductive gate electrode layer.
[0046] After the steps shown in FIG. 1, as further illustrated with
respect to the example depicted in FIGS. 3A-10C, have been
performed, subsequent processes, comprising interconnect
processing, are performed to complete the FinFET 200 fabrication.
It has been observed that the second middle line 222n and the gate
middle line 214m has the second distance D.sub.2 greater than the
first distance D.sub.1 (i.e., the design-rule distance), resulting
in lower parasitic capacitance and enhancing the device
performance
[0047] In accordance with embodiments, a semiconductor device
comprises an insulation region over a substrate; a gate electrode
layer over the insulation region comprising a gate middle line; a
first contact structure over the insulation region adjacent to the
gate electrode layer comprising a first middle line, wherein the
first middle line and the gate middle line has a first distance;
and a second contact structure over the insulation region on a side
of the gate electrode layer opposite to the first contact structure
comprising a second middle line, wherein the second middle line and
the gate middle line has a second distance greater than the first
distance.
[0048] In accordance with another embodiments, a fin field effect
transistor (FinFET) comprises a substrate comprising a major
surface; a first fin of the substrate and a second fin of the
substrate extending above the substrate major surface comprising
fin top surfaces; an insulation region above the substrate major
surface between the first fin and second fin comprising an
insulation top surface lower than the fin top surfaces; a gate
electrode layer over the first fin and the second fin and extending
over insulation region, wherein a portion of the gate electrode
layer over insulation region comprises a gate middle line; a first
contact structure over the insulation region adjacent to the gate
electrode layer comprising a first middle line, wherein the first
middle line and the gate middle line has a first distance; and a
second contact structure over the insulation region on a side of
the gate electrode layer opposite to the first contact structure
comprising a second middle line, wherein the second middle line and
the gate middle line has a second distance greater than the first
distance.
[0049] In accordance with another embodiments, a method of
fabricating a semiconductor device comprises providing a substrate;
forming a first fin of the substrate and a second fin of the
substrate extending above a major surface of the substrate
comprising fin top surfaces; forming an insulation region above the
substrate major surface between the first fin and second fin
comprising an insulation top surface lower than the fin top
surfaces; forming a gate electrode layer over channel portions of
the first fin and the second fin and extending over a portion of
the insulation region, wherein a portion of the gate electrode
layer over the portion of insulation region comprises a gate middle
line; forming an inter-layer dielectric (ILD) layer surrounding the
gate electrode layer over the insulation region; forming a first
opening and a second opening in the ILD layer over the insulation
region, wherein a distance between a middle line of the first
opening and the gate middle line is different from a distance
between a middle line of the second opening and the gate middle
line; and forming a metal layer in the first opening to form a
first contact structure and in the second opening to form a second
contact structure.
[0050] In accordance with another embodiment, a semiconductor
device is provided. The semiconductor device includes a first fin
and a second fin over a substrate, the first fin and the second fin
having an elongated axis running in a first direction. The
semiconductor device also includes an insulation region extending
between the first fin and the second fin, the first fin and the
second fin extending above the insulation region, a gate electrode
over the insulation region and the first fin and the second fin,
and spacers alongside opposing sidewalls of the gate electrode. The
semiconductor device further includes a first source/drain region
in the first fin and the second fin, the first source/drain region
extending laterally away from the gate electrode, a second
source/drain region in the first fin and the second fin, the second
source/drain region extending laterally away from the gate
electrode, a first contact structure to the first source/drain
region, the first contact structure extending from laterally above
the first fin to laterally above the second fin, wherein the first
contact structure is spaced apart from a first closest sidewall of
the gate electrode by a first distance, the first source/drain
region having a uniform dopant concentration from a first spacer of
the spacers to the first contact structure, and a second contact
structure to the second source/drain region, the second contact
structure extending from laterally above the first fin to laterally
above the second fin, wherein the second contact structure is
spaced apart from a second closest sidewall of the gate electrode
by a second distance, the second distance less than the first
distance, the second source/drain region having a uniform dopant
concentration from a second spacer of the spacers to the second
contact structure.
[0051] In accordance with another embodiment, a semiconductor
device is provided. The semiconductor device includes a first fin
and a second fin, an insulation region interposed between the first
fin and the second fin, a gate electrode over channel portions of
the first fin and the second fin, the gate electrode extending over
a portion of the insulation region, a semiconductor layer over the
first fin and the second fin on opposing sides of the gate
electrode, the semiconductor layer extending between the first fin
and the second fin, and a first source/drain region and a second
source/drain region in the semiconductor layer, the first
source/drain region and the second source/drain region on opposing
sides of the gate electrode. The semiconductor device further
includes an inter-layer dielectric (ILD) layer over the
semiconductor layer, and a first contact extending through the ILD
layer to the first source/drain region and a second contact
extending through the ILD layer to the second source/drain region,
wherein a first distance between a middle of the first contact and
a gate of the gate electrode is less than a second distance between
a middle of the second contact and the middle of the gate
electrode, the first source/drain region having a uniform dopant
profile from the first contact to a first gate spacer, the second
source/drain region having a uniform dopant profile from the second
contact to a second gate spacer.
[0052] In accordance with another embodiment, a method of forming a
semiconductor device is provided. The method includes forming a
first fin and a second fin, forming an insulation region interposed
between the first fin and the second fin, forming a gate electrode
over channel portions of the first fin and the second fin, the gate
electrode extending over a portion of the insulation region,
forming a semiconductor layer over the first fin and the second fin
on opposing sides of the gate electrode, the semiconductor layer
extending between the first fin and the second fin, and forming a
first source/drain region and a second source/drain region in the
semiconductor layer on opposing sides of the gate electrode. The
method further includes forming an inter-layer dielectric (ILD)
layer over the semiconductor layer, forming a first opening
extending through the ILD layer to the first source/drain region
and a second opening extending through the ILD layer to the second
source/drain region, and forming a first contact in the first
opening and a second contact in the second opening, wherein a first
distance between a middle of the first contact and a gate of the
gate electrode is less than a second distance between a middle of
the second contact and the middle of the gate electrode, the first
source/drain region having a uniform dopant profile from the first
contact to a first gate spacer, the second source/drain region
having a uniform dopant profile from the second contact to a second
gate spacer.
[0053] While the invention has been described by way of example and
in terms of the preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that
the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. To the
contrary, it is intended to cover various modifications and similar
arrangements (as would be apparent to those skilled in the art).
Therefore, the scope of the appended claims should be accorded the
broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications
and similar arrangements.
* * * * *