U.S. patent number 3,879,586 [Application Number 05/411,345] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-22 for tactile keyboard switch assembly with metallic or elastomeric type conductive contacts on diaphragm support.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Essex International, Inc.. Invention is credited to Daniel J. DuRocher, Gideon A. DuRocher.
United States Patent |
3,879,586 |
DuRocher , et al. |
April 22, 1975 |
Tactile keyboard switch assembly with metallic or elastomeric type
conductive contacts on diaphragm support
Abstract
A tactile switch plate for a keyboard comprises a non-conductive
member sandwiched between a pair of conductors, the member having a
planar body portion provided with a plurality of outwardly deformed
carrier portions corresponding in number and spacing to the number
and spacing of the keys of the keyboard. Each of the carrier
portions is resiliently flexible for movement toward the plane of
the body and each carrier portion carries a preferably elastomeric
switching member that is adapted to bridge the conductors and
establish an electrical circuit between the conductors. The plate
and switching members preferably are produced by a molding process
and the elastomeric switching members are cured by heat generated
by an electrical current.
Inventors: |
DuRocher; Gideon A. (Mt.
Clemens, MI), DuRocher; Daniel J. (Mt. Clemens, MI) |
Assignee: |
Essex International, Inc. (Fort
Wayne, IN)
|
Family
ID: |
23628546 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/411,345 |
Filed: |
October 31, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
200/5A; 200/511;
200/517 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01H
13/80 (20130101); H01H 13/785 (20130101); H01H
13/702 (20130101); H01H 2201/004 (20130101); H01H
2229/044 (20130101); H01H 2229/058 (20130101); H01H
2205/014 (20130101); Y10T 29/49105 (20150115); H01H
2227/014 (20130101); H01H 2201/032 (20130101); H01H
2229/032 (20130101); H01H 2207/01 (20130101); H01H
2201/016 (20130101); H01H 2207/002 (20130101); H01H
2215/008 (20130101); H01H 2215/028 (20130101); H01H
2217/01 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01H
13/70 (20060101); H01H 13/702 (20060101); H01h
013/70 (); H01h 001/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;200/1R,5R,5A,83N,86R,86A,159R,159B,262,264,267 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Scott; James R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Learman & McCulloch
Claims
We claim:
1. A switch plate adapted for use in an electrical switch for
making and breaking an electrical circuit between a pair of
conductors, said switch plate comprising a body having a
substantially planar portion surrounding a carrier portion
extending outwardly of and to one side of the plane of said body
portion; and a switching member carried by said carrier portion and
normally occupying a position spaced from said plane, said carrier
portion being formed of a stiff material that is sufficiently
resilient to enable said switching member to be moved from its
normal position toward said plane, the distance between said plane
and said switching member when the latter is in its normal position
being such that said carrier portion buckles as said switching
member approaches said plane and produces a tactile sensation, and
the resilience of the material of said carrier portion constantly
tending to restore said switching member to its normal
position.
2. A construction according to claim 1 wherein said switching
member extends through said carrier portion and is exposed on
opposite sides of the latter.
3. A construction according to claim 2 wherein said carrier portion
is coniform in configuration.
4. A construction according to claim 3 wherein said switching
member is located at the apex of said carrier portion.
5. A construction according to claim 1 wherein said switching
member normally is conductive.
6. A construction according to claim 1 wherein said switching
member normally is non-conductive and is rendered conductive in
response to the application thereto of compressive force.
7. A construction according to claim 1 wherein said switching
member comprises a pad of resilient, non-conductive material
throughout which is dispersed a plurality of discrete, electrically
conductive particles.
8. A construction according to claim 1 wherein said switching
member comprises an electrically conductive metallic member.
9. In a key operated device having spaced apart electrical
conductors and a plurality of movable, spaced apart operating keys,
the combination of a tactile switch plate underlying said keys and
comprising a non-conductive, substantially planar body having a
plurality of spaced apart carrier portions extending outwardly of
and to one side of the plane of said body, the number and spacing
of said carrier portions corresponding to the number and spacing of
said keys, and a switching member carried by each of said carrier
portions adapted to bridge selected ones of said conductors and
normally occupying a position spaced from said plane, each of said
carrier portions being formed of a still material that is
sufficiently resilient to enable the associated switching member to
be moved from its normal position toward said plane and into
bridging engagement with the selected conductors in response to
corresponding movement of the associated key, the distance between
said plane and each of said switching members when the latter is in
its normal position being such that the associated carrier portion
buckles as the switching member approaches said plane and produces
a tactile sensation.
10. The construction according to claim 9 wherein the resilience of
the material of each of said carrier portions constantly tends to
return the latter to its normal position following movement thereof
toward the plane of said body.
11. The construction according to claim 9 wherein each of said
switching members extends through its associated carrier portion
and is exposed on opposite sides of the latter.
12. The construction according to claim 9 wherein each of said
carrier portions is coniform in configuration.
13. The construction according to claim 12 wherein each of said
switching members is located at the apex of its associated carrier
portion.
14. The construction according to claim 9 wherein each of said
switching members normally is conductive.
15. The construction according to claim 9 wherein each of said
switching members normally is non-conductive and is rendered
conductive in response to the application thereto by its associated
key of compressive force.
16. The construction according to claim 9 wherein each of said
switching members comprises a pad of resilient, non-conductive
material throughout which is dispersed a plurality of discrete,
electrically conductive particles.
17. A construction according to claim 9 wherein each of said
switching members comprises an electrically conductive metallic
member.
18. The construction according to claim 9 wherein said body is
interposed between said conductors.
19. The construction according to claim 18 wherein at least one of
said conductors occupies a position between said keys and said
body.
20. The construction according to claim 19 wherein said one of said
conductors comprises a flexible printed circuit.
Description
The invention disclosed herein relates to an electrical switch
plate construction for use in connection with keyboards for
calculators and the like having a plurality of keys movable between
inactive and operating positions so as to make and break an
electrical circuit. Keyboards of the type with which the invention
is concerned are in wide usage in electrical and electronic
calculator, computers, machine control consoles, and the like.
Keyboards of the kind to which the invention relates conventionally
employ a plurality of depressible keys any one of which may be
actuated so as to establish a circuit between a source of
electrical energy and electrical apparatus that is responsive to
the establishing of the circuit. In those instances in which the
keys are manually manipulatable, it is desirable that the operator
be able to sense the movement of each key to its operative
position. The previously known keyboard constructions have relied
largely upon the operator's sense of touch, hearing, or both, as a
means of informing the operator of the actuation of the associated
switch. One of the objections associated with previously proposed
tactile sensing means is that the movable part of a switch may have
some chattering-type movement which can result in unreliable
electrical signals being generated.
A disadvantage of those switching devices which rely upon an
audible signal to indicate energization of the electrical circuit
is that the use of a number of such keyboards at one time in a
confined space can generate an excessive and distracting amount of
noise.
Known keyboard devices have other disadvantages. For example, some
of the keyboards are so constructed that reliable operation of a
switch depends upon the application of a force that is
substantially along the longitudinal axis of a key. It is not
always possible to assure the application of such a force, however,
particularly when the keyboard is manually operated. Occasionally,
therefore, an operator will depress a key in such manner that the
force is applied obliquely to the line of movement of the key with
the result that a circuit is not completed. In addition, most of
the known keyboards incorporate a large number of components for
each switching mechanism as a consequence of which the cost of such
switching mechanisms and the keyboard in which they are
incorporated is excessive.
An object of this invention is to provide a switching construction
for keyboards of the kind referred to and wherein the operation of
the switching mechanism provides a positive, tactile sensation that
may be virtually noiseless.
Another object of the invention is to provide a switching mechanism
of the character described and which is operable under various
conditions of force application.
A further object of the invention is to provide such a switching
mechanism wherein there is a significant reduction in the number of
parts heretofore required.
Another object of the invention is to provide a switching mechanism
for a multiple key keyboard and wherein the operating
characteristics of all keys are uniform.
A further object of the invention is to provide an improved method
for establishing an electrically conductive path through a
non-conductive member.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will be pointed out
specifically or will become apparent from the following description
when it is considered in conjunction with the accompanying
drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a calculator having a keyboard of
the kind with which the invention is adapted for use;
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the parts of a switching mechanism
constructed according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged, transverse sectional view taken on the line
3--3 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a greatly enlarged view taken on the line 4--4 of FIG.
2;
FIG. 5 is a greatly enlarged view taken on the line 5--5 of FIG.
2;
FIG. 6 is a force versus travel graph of a typical switching
operation.
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary, enlarged sectional view of a
modification;
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary, enlarged sectional view of a typical mold
in which a switchplate according to the invention may be
formed;
FIG. 9 is a fragmentary, sectional view of a switchplate produced
in the mold of FIG. 8; and
FIG. 10 is a fragmentary, sectional view of apparatus for curing
switching members carried by the switchplate.
Tactile switching apparatus constructed in accordance with the
invention is adapted for use in conjunction with a device such as
an electrically operated calculator 1 having a base 2 that is
fitted to a cover 3 having a depending skirt 4 embracing the base.
The cover 3 has therein a plurality of spaced apart openings 5 in
columns and rows and in each of which is accommodated a
reciprocable key 6. Each key has flanges 7 engageable with the
lower surface of the cover 3 so as to prevent withdrawal of the key
from the cover. The cover also has a window opening 8 covered by a
transparent pane 9 through which indicia (not shown) may be seen.
The calculator 1 may have sufficient space between the cover and
the base to accommodate logic circuit components and batteries (not
shown) as usual. The construction of the calculator 1 as thus far
described is conventional.
A switching assembly constructed in accordance with the invention
is designated generally by the reference character 10 and comprises
a pair of electrically conductive members 11 and 12 between which
is sandwiched a switch plate 13. The conductive member 11 comprises
a relatively rigid printed circuit board 14 of non-conductive
material on the upper surface of which are a plurality of
electrically conductive circuit elements 15 and a plurality of
terminals 16. The conductive elements 15 may be coupled through the
board 14 to conductive leads (not shown) on the lower surface of
the board as is conventional and which, in turn, are coupled to the
logic devices (not shown) for operating the indicia viewable
through the window 9. The terminals 16 are adapted to be coupled to
a source of energy such as one or more batteries (not shown).
The conductor 12 comprises a substrate or sheet 17 of flexible,
non-conductive polyester or other suitable material on one side of
which is a plurality of parallel strips 18 of electrically
conductive material. The strips are of such length as to span the
length of each column of keys 6 and the number and spacing of the
strips 18 correspond to the number and transverse spacing of the
keys 6.
The switch plate 13 comprises a flat, plate-like body 19 formed of
polycarbonate, polypropylene or other suitable thermoplastic,
non-conductive material and is of such thickness as to be stiffer
than the substrate 17. The body, however, does have some inherent
resilience. The body 19 is a one-piece molded member and is
substantially planar except for a plurality of spaced apart
carriers or dimples 20 which are deformed outwardly of the plane of
the body. Each carrier, however, is completely surrounded by a flat
portion of the body. The number and spacing of the carriers
correspond to the number and spacing of the keys 6.
Each carrier 20 is coniform and has a web 21 terminating adjacent
the apex in an annular enlargement 22 which surrounds an opening
23. The web preferably is continuous, but may be spider-like if
desired. Fitted into each opening 23 is a switching pad or member
24 which protrudes beyond both ends of the opening 23 so as to be
exposed on both sides of the carrier. The switching member is
composed of a non-conductive elastomer, such as silicone rubber,
throughout which is dispersed a quantity of discrete, electrically
conductive particles. The silicone rubber may be produced, for
example, from a mixture of 4404 silicone resin (General Electric
Company, Schenectady, New York) and "Varox" catalyst (R.T.
Vanderbilt Chemical Co., New York City), but other resins and
catalysts also may be used.
Each switching member 24 may be either normally conductive or
normally non-conductive, depending upon the size and quantity of
particles contained therein and depending upon whether such
switching member is molded under a compressive force or under
atmospheric pressure. In any case, compression of a switching
member 24 will cause a sufficient number of particles to move into
engagement with one another as to establish an electrically
conductive train of particles through the switching member.
At one end of the body 19 is a plurality of openings 25 each of
which is filled with an elastomeric pad or member 26 corresponding
in all respects to the switching members 24.
The particles contained in the members 24 and 26 preferably
comprise spheres of a base metal, such as copper, coated with a
noble metal, such as silver, which has a low resistance and an
electrically conductive oxide. The conductivity of the particles
thus will correspond to the conductivity of the coating or, stated
differently, the electrical resistance of the members 24 and 26
will correspond to the resistance of the coating on such
particles.
The size of the particles is so selected as to be capable of
accommodating a predetermined current, such as that normally
encountered in the electrical circuitry of the apparatus.
Preferably, the size of the particles is between 3 and 8 mils in
diameter, although other size particles may be utilized if
desired.
To condition for operation the apparatus thus far described,
printed circuit board 14 to which is coupled the logic circuitry is
secured to the base member 2 with the circuit elements 15 and the
terminals 16 uppermost. The terminals 16 are connected through the
board 14 to a D.C. battery carried in the calculator or to a wire
assembly which may be connected to a source of A.D. energy. The
switch plate 13 then is placed atop the circuit board 14 with the
carriers 20 uppermost and with the pads 26 so arranged that they
overlie and engage the terminals 16. The plate 13 is secured to the
base by screws (not shown) or the like so that the members 26 are
maintained under compression sufficient to render them conductive.
The carriers 20 will overlie the circuit elements 15 and the
switching members 24 will overlie, but be spaced from,
predetermined portions of such circuit elements 15.
The flexible printed circuit 12 then is placed atop the plate 13 in
such manner that the conductive strips 18 overlie and confront he
switching members 24 and the conductive pads 26. The cover 3 then
is fitted over the base 2 and is screwed or otherwise fixed to the
base. As is illustrated in FIG. 3, the inner surface of the skirt 4
has a shoulder 27 which overlies the printed circuit 12 so as to
cause the marginal edges of the latter to be clamped forcibly
against the plate 13, thereby constantly maintaining the pads 26
and the confronting ends of the conductive strips 18 under
compressive force.
When the parts are assembled in the manner disclosed, each key 6
will overlie a carrier 20 and will bear directly against the upper,
non-conductive surface of the printed circuit member 12. The
conical configuration of each carrier 20 will maintain its
associated key 6 in its projected position in which the flange 7
engages the lower surface of the cover 3, as is shown in FIG. 3.
Each key may be depressed, however, as is premitted by the
flexibility of the web 21 of the associated carrier 20, whereupon
the associated switching member 24 may be moved into engagement
with the associated circuit element 15 so as to establish an
electrical path from the battery, the associated conductive strip
18, and the circuit element 15 to effect operation of the
appropriate electrical component of the logic circuit.
The presence of the conductive particles in the elastomeric
switching members 24 causes the surface thereof to be slightly
abrasive or gritty. As a consequence, compression of the members 24
between the members 15 and 18 causes scrubbing of such members,
thereby avoiding the likelihood of non-conductivity due to
oxidation of the members 15 and 18.
As has been stated hereinbefore, the thickness of the material
constituting the body 19 is such that the latter is relatively
stiff. As a consequence, it resists deformation. Although the web
21 of each carrier 20 is formed of the same material as the body
19, the web preferably has a thickness less than that of the body
so as to be resiliently flexible as compared to the body itself.
Thus, upon the application by a key 6 of a downward force F on a
switching member 24, the switching member will move or travel
toward the plane of the body 19. As the switching member 24 moves
toward the plane of the body, the radius of the web 21 must shorten
and, as a consequence, the web 21 must buckle or distort. The
construction of each carrier 20 is such that, as the lower surface
of its switching member 24 approaches the level of its associated
circuit element 15, the web 21 is distorted so as to assume an
undulating configuration, as indicated in dotted lines in FIG. 4.
Such distortion occurs very rapidly and produces a tactile
sensation which the operator may sense through his finger. Since
the web 21 is composed of a plastic material, rather than metal,
the noise associated with such distortion is much less than that
which would be encountered if the web were formed of metal.
Following the distortion of the web 21, the force required to move
the switching member 24 into engagement with the associated circuit
element 15 is much less than that required to effect distortion of
the web. Therefore, the switching member may be moved into
engagement with the circuit element quite easily, thereby
minimizing the likelihood of chattering movement of the switching
member.
The force required to move a switching member into engagement with
its associated circuit element 15 is stored in the distorted,
resilient web 21. Consequently, when the force F is removed, the
resiliency of the web 21 enables its automatic return to its
original position. Return of the web to its original position
breaks the circuit between the conductive elements 15 and 18 and
restores the depressed key to its projected position.
FIG. 6 illustrates in graphic form the foregoing force/travel
characteristics of a typical carrier 20 when the associated
switching member 24 moves through one cycle of operation. In the
graph segment a indicates that a force of about 0.66 pound must be
applied to the carrier 20 via a key 6 to initiate distortion of the
web 21 and, when the web commences its distortion, the switching
member 24 will have moved toward the plane of the body 19 a
distance of about 0.006 inch, as is indicated by the point b. As
the web 21 distorts, the force required to be exerted on the
switching member to effect its engagement with the associated
switch element 15 is reduced to about 0.16 pound, as is indicated
by the segment c, and the additional movement of the switching
member toward the circuit element 15 amounts to about 0.001 inch,
as is indicated by the point d. Thereafter, the operator may exert
whatever force he desires (within reasonable limits) to maintain
the switching member 24 in conductive engagement with the circuit
element 15. It will be understood that the movement of switching
member 24 into engagement with the circuit element 15 will be
effected by a smooth application of a downward force on a key 6.
However, the graph illustrates the variations in force accompanying
distortion of the web 21 which produces the desired tactile
sensation.
When the operator removes his finger from the depressed key, the
resilient web 21 immediately commences its recovery to its initial
conical configuration due to the energy stored in the distorted
web, thereby resulting in a lessening of the force to which the web
21 is subjected, as is indicated by the segment e. At the point at
which the distorted web commences its restoration to its conical
form, the web is subjected to an increasing forece, as is indicated
by the segment g, until such time as the web is fully restored, as
indicated by the point h, whereupon the force to which the web is
subjected diminishes rapidly as indicated by the segment i-
An important advantage of the invention is that, for any given
switch plate 13, each carrier requires the application of the
identical force to effect its switching function. As a consequence,
the operating characteristics of each key of the entire keyboard
will be the same. Such uniformity of key-to-key operation minimizes
errors in the operation of the calculator or the like.
Among the advantages of the invention are the ease and simplicity
by means of which the operating characteristics of a given switch
plate 13 may be varied. Since each body 19 is a one-piece, molded
member, the mold for a particular body may be so constructed as to
produce webs of any desired thickness. The thickness of a web 21
determines, to a large extent, the force which must be applied
thereto to effect its distortion and, in general, the thicker the
web the greater must be the applied force. In addition, the
thickness of a web, together with the material from which it is
made, has a direct relationship upon the tactile sensation and the
noise of operation. That is, the thicker the web, the greater the
tactile sensation and the greater the noise. As a consequence, the
tactile sensation and the noise of operation of a switch
constructed in accordance with the invention may be varied within
wide limits.
A switching assembly constructed according to the invention
effectively overcomes the aforementioned problem associated with
the application of an oblique force on an operating key. If the
applied force has a component sufficient to depress the key, the
key will effect deformation of the associated carrier 20 inasmuch
as the transmission of force from the key to the carrier occurs at
substantially a point contact due to the conical configuration of
the carrier.
Although it is preferred that the members 24 and 26 be elastomeric,
they could be formed of other materials. For example, FIG. 7
discloses a switch plate 19a identical in all respects to the
switch plate body 19 except that the switching member 24a is a
conductive, metallic rivet. A similar rivet could be fitted into
each of the openings 25.
The body 19 of a switch plate 13 according to the invention
preferably is molded in a mold 30 which, as is illustrated in FIG.
8, has a base 31 on the upper surface of which is a plurality of
upstanding conical projections 32 corresponding to the
configuration of the carriers 20 except that at the apex of each
projection 32 is a cylindrical pin 33. Adapted to mate with the
mold base 31 is a cover 34 which has in its lower surface a
plurality of recesses 35 corresponding in number and spacing to the
projections 32. At the base of each recess is a socket 36 that is
adapted to receive the pin 33 of the associated projection 32. The
base also carries adjacent one end thereof a plurality of
upstanding pins 33a and the cover has a corresponding number of
sockets 36a.
At the marginal edges of the mold halves 31 and 34 are ribs 37
which space the confronting surfaces of the mold members so as to
define therebetween a cavity 38 which corresponds to the shape and
thickness of the body 19 that is to be molded. Suitable openings
(not shown) are provided in communication with the cavity 38 for
the admission of a liquid thermoplastic material so as to enable
the body 19 shown in FIG. 9 to be molded.
The molded body 19 produced by the mold 30 has the webs 21, the
enlargements 22, and the openings 23 and 25, but none of the
openings at this time contains a switching member. If the metal
switching member 24a is to be utilized, the molded body 19 is
presented to a riveting machine of conventional construction
wherein a rivet 24a is fitted into each opening 23 and 25.
In practicing the preferred method, use is made of a fixture 39
having a base 40 and a cover 41. The base 40 of the fixture has a
plurality of openings 42 therein corresponding to the number and
spacing of carriers 20 and in each opening 42 is secured an
electrically non-conductive post 43 having an upper surface 44 that
corresponds to the contour of the lower surface of the carrier 20.
Each post 43 supports an electrode 45 having a concave upper
surface 46 in register with the opening 23 of the carrier 20.
The fixture cover 41 has a number of openings 47 corresponding to
the number of openings 42 and in each of which is secured a
non-conductive post 48 having a lower surface 49 which corresponds
to the contour of the upper surface of the carrier 20. Each post 48
carries an electrode 50 having a concave lower surface 51 which
registers with the opening 23.
The fixture base 40 has openings 52 corresponding to the number and
spacing of the conductive members 26 and the cover 41 has similar
openings 53. In each of the openings 52 is a non-conductive post 54
and a similar post 55 is fitted into each of the openings 53. Each
post 54 has an electrode 56 having a concave upper surface 57 and
each post 55 has a similar electrode 58 having a concave lower
surface 59.
Following the molding of a body 19 the latter is placed atop the
fixture base 40 so that the carriers 20 overlie the posts 43 with
the openings 23 and 25 in register with the electrodes 45 and 56,
respectively. A putty-like module composed of an uncured mixture of
silicone resin, catalyst, and electrically conductive particles
then is introduced into each of the openings 23 and 25 and in such
quantity that the module occupies not only the corresponding
openings, but also engages the concave surfaces 46 and 57 of the
respective electrodes 45 and 56 and projects above the upper
surface of the body 19. Thereafter, the upper fixture half 41 may
be lowered so as to overlie the body 19 with the concave surfaces
of the electrodes 50 and 58 engaging the upper surfaces of the
uncured modules. The halves 40 and 41 of the fixture 39 then are
clamped against the body 19 so that the modules are subjected to
sufficient compression to cause the particles in the modules to
establish an electrically conductive path through each module.
In the preferred method, the modules are cured to form the
switching members 24 and 26 by the heat of an electric current that
is passed in series through each module. This procedure may be
effected by connecting one end of a source of direct current
electrical energy E through a switch 60 to each of the electrodes
45, 50, 56, and 58 in a series circuit so that, upon closing of the
switch 60, current will pass through each of the electrodes in
turn.
The current selected for the curing of the modules will depend upon
a number of factors, such as the curing time and temperature of a
specific resin and catalyst, the number and size of modules to be
cured, and the size and conductivity of the conductive particles
contained in the modules. Modules containing between about 80-93
percent (by weight) of 3-8 mil diameter silver coated copper
particles and having a diameter of about 0.125 inch and a thickness
of about 0.06 inch successfully have been cured by passing
therethrough a direct current of between 25-28 amperes for about 12
seconds. Following curing of the modules to form the switching
members 24 and 26, the fixture 39 may be opened and the completed
switch plate 13 removed.
It is not essential that the modules constituting the switching
members 24 and 26 be cured by the passage of current therethrough.
It is possible to effect curing of the modules by heating the
entire fixture to the curing temperature of the resin and catalyst
and maintaining the temperature for the prescribed curing time. The
electrical curent curing process, however, is considerably faster
and requires the use of considerably less heat energy.
In many instances the curing temperature of elastomeric modules is
higher than the liquification temperature of the material from
which the body 19 is composed. Inasmuch as the body 19 is clamped
within a fixture having confronting surfaces corresponding to the
surfaces of the body, however, any liquification of the body 19 is
o no consequence inasmuch as the liquified material will solidify
once the application of heat terminates. Liquification of the
material of the body 19 adjacent the openings 23 and 25 may be
advantageous in the establishment of a strong, adhesive bond
between the switching members and the material of the body.
Although the methods herein described are directed primarily to the
production of a tactile switching member, it should be understood
that such methods are applicable to the provision of an
electrically conductive path through an non-conductive member.
The disclosed apparatus and methods are representative of presently
preferred forms thereof, but are intended to be illustrative rather
than definitive of the invention. The invention is defined in the
claims.
* * * * *