U.S. patent number RE47,249 [Application Number 15/583,948] was granted by the patent office on 2019-02-19 for alarm suspend system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to MASIMO CORPORATION. The grantee listed for this patent is MASIMO CORPORATION. Invention is credited to Steve L. Cebada, Massi Joe E. Kiani, Gregory A. Olsen.
United States Patent |
RE47,249 |
Kiani , et al. |
February 19, 2019 |
Alarm suspend system
Abstract
An alarm suspend system utilizes an alarm trigger responsive to
physiological parameters and corresponding limits on those
parameters. The parameters are associated with both fast and slow
treatment times corresponding to length of time it takes for a
person to respond to medical treatment for out-of-limit parameter
measurements. Audible and visual alarms respond to the alarm
trigger. An alarm silence button is pressed to silence the audible
alarm for a predetermined suspend time. The audible alarm is
activated after the suspend time has lapsed. Longer suspend times
are associated with slow treatment parameters and shorter suspend
times are associated with fast treatment parameters.
Inventors: |
Kiani; Massi Joe E. (Laguna
Niguel, CA), Cebada; Steve L. (Mission Viejo, CA), Olsen;
Gregory A. (Trabuco Canyon, CA) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
MASIMO CORPORATION |
Irvine |
CA |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
MASIMO CORPORATION (Irvine,
CA)
|
Family
ID: |
41351506 |
Appl.
No.: |
15/583,948 |
Filed: |
May 1, 2017 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
|
14036496 |
Sep 30, 2014 |
8847740 |
|
|
|
13476725 |
Oct 1, 2013 |
8547209 |
|
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|
12510982 |
Jun 19, 2012 |
8203438 |
|
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|
61084615 |
Jul 29, 2008 |
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Reissue of: |
14469426 |
Aug 26, 2014 |
9153121 |
Oct 6, 2015 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G08B
25/001 (20130101); A61B 5/1455 (20130101); A61B
5/1455 (20130101); G08B 25/001 (20130101); A61B
5/746 (20130101); A61B 5/6838 (20130101); A61B
5/746 (20130101); A61B 5/6838 (20130101); A61B
5/6826 (20130101); A61B 5/6826 (20130101); A61B
2560/0276 (20130101); G08B 5/22 (20130101); G08B
5/22 (20130101); A61B 2560/0276 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G08B
5/22 (20060101); G08B 25/00 (20060101); A61B
5/1455 (20060101); A61B 5/00 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;340/511,517,573.1,539.12,286.07,527
;600/310,316,322-324,336,344,507,301,320 |
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|
Primary Examiner: Escalante; Ovidio
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Knobbe, Martens, Olson & Bear,
LLP
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This .[.application.]. is .Iadd.an application for reissue of U.S.
Pat. No. 9,153,121, issued on Oct. 6, 2015 and titled "Alarm
Suspend System," which is .Iaddend.a continuation of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 14/036,496, filed Sep. 25, 2013 and titled
"Alarm Suspend System," which is a continuation of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 13/476,725, filed May 21, 2012 and titled
"Alarm Suspend System," which is a continuation of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 12/510,982 filed Jul. 28, 2009 and titled
"Alarm Suspend System," which claims priority benefit under 35
U.S.C. .sctn. 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser.
No. 61/084,615, filed Jul. 29, 2008, titled "Alarm Management
System.Iadd.;" more than one reissue application has been filed for
the reissue of U.S. Pat. No. 9,153,121, including U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 15/583,948 (the present application), U.S.
patent application Ser. No. 15/583,922, and U.S. patent application
Ser. No. 15/583,935.Iaddend...[.".]. All of the above-referenced
applications are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their
entireties.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A physiological measurement system comprising: a
.Iadd.noninvasive .Iaddend.physiological sensor .[.including: a
plurality of light emitting diodes.]. configured to .[.transmit
wavelengths of light onto a tissue site of a patient; and at least
one detector configured to measure an indication of the wavelengths
of light after attenuation by tissue of the patient and.]. .Iadd.be
positioned on a patient and .Iaddend.output a signal responsive
.[.of the attenuated light.]. .Iadd.to a physiological condition of
the patient.Iaddend.; and one or more processors in communication
with the .Iadd.noninvasive .Iaddend.physiological sensor, the one
or more processors configured to .Iadd.electronically.Iaddend.:
determine a measurement of a physiological parameter based at least
in part upon the signal; .Iadd.determine whether an alarm condition
exists by determining whether an activation threshold has been
satisfied by the measurement of the physiological
parameter;.Iaddend. .[.receive, from a user, an indication of.].
.Iadd.access an alarm hold initiator for .Iaddend.a
parameter-specific alarm .[.suspension.]. .Iadd.hold
.Iaddend.period of time corresponding to the physiological
parameter, the parameter-specific alarm .[.suspension.]. .Iadd.hold
.Iaddend.period of time being .[.selected from.]. .Iadd.one of
.Iaddend.a plurality of parameter-specific alarm .[.suspension.].
.Iadd.hold .Iaddend.periods of time, the parameter-specific alarm
.[.suspension.]. .Iadd.hold .Iaddend.period of time being different
from at least one other parameter-specific alarm .[.suspension.].
.Iadd.hold .Iaddend.period of time corresponding to at least one
other physiological parameter .Iadd.for which the one or more
processors are configured to determine at least one
measurement.Iaddend.; .[.activate an alarm in response to
determining that an alarm activation threshold has been satisfied
by the physiological parameter measurement; receive.].
.Iadd.determine that the alarm hold initiator indicates to hold an
indication of .Iaddend.an alarm .[.suspension indication.].
.Iadd.for the alarm condition.Iaddend.; .[.and.]. in response to
.[.receiving.]. .Iadd.determining that the alarm hold initiator
indicates to hold the indication of .Iaddend.the alarm
.[.suspension indication.]., .[.suspend.]. .Iadd.hold the
indication of .Iaddend.the alarm for the .[.indicated.].
parameter-specific alarm .[.suspension.]. .Iadd.hold
.Iaddend.period of time.Iadd.; and subsequent to the
parameter-specific alarm hold period of time passing, activate the
indication of the alarm while the measurement of the physiological
parameter satisfies the activation threshold.Iaddend..
2. The physiological measurement system of claim 1, wherein the one
or more processors are further configured to: provide a user
interface to the user including at least a plurality of
user-selectable elements, each of the .Iadd.plurality of
user-.Iaddend.selectable elements corresponding to one of the
plurality of parameter-specific alarm .[.suspension.]. .Iadd.hold
.Iaddend.periods of time.
3. The physiological measurement system of claim 2, wherein
providing the user interface further includes: constructing a
pop-up window for a display; and displaying the plurality of
user-selectable elements in the pop-up window.
4. The physiological measurement system of claim 3, wherein the
plurality of user-selectable elements are configured to allow a
user to select a specific one of the plurality of
parameter-specific alarm .[.suspension.]. .Iadd.hold
.Iaddend.periods of time.
5. The physiological measurement system of claim 4, wherein
.[.the.]. .Iadd.a .Iaddend.selected parameter-specific alarm
.[.suspension.]. .Iadd.hold .Iaddend.period of time is selected by
selection of one of the plurality of user-selectable elements.
6. The physiological measurement system of claim 1, wherein the one
or more processors are further configured to: associate .[.the.].
.Iadd.a .Iaddend.selected parameter-specific .Iadd.alarm hold
.Iaddend.period of time .[.is.]. with the physiological
parameter.
7. The physiological measurement system of claim 6, wherein the
selected parameter-specific .Iadd.alarm hold .Iaddend.period of
time is stored in a memory device in communication with the one or
more processors.
8. The physiological measurement system of claim 1, wherein the one
or more processors are further configured to: determine a
.Iadd.measurement of a .Iaddend.second physiological parameter
.[.measurement.]. based at least in part upon the signal.Iadd., the
second physiological parameter being different from the
physiological parameter.Iaddend.; .Iadd.determine whether a second
alarm condition exists by determining whether a second activation
threshold has been satisfied by the measurement of the second
physiological parameter;.Iaddend. .[.receive, from the user,.].
.Iadd.access .Iaddend.a second .[.indication of.]. .Iadd.alarm hold
initiator for .Iaddend.a second parameter-specific alarm
.[.suspension.]. .Iadd.hold .Iaddend.period of time corresponding
to the second physiological parameter, the second
parameter-specific alarm .[.suspension.]. .Iadd.hold
.Iaddend.period of time being .[.selected from.]. .Iadd.one of
.Iaddend.a second plurality of parameter-specific alarm
.[.suspension.]. .Iadd.hold .Iaddend.periods of time.Iadd., the
second parameter-specific alarm hold period of time being different
from the parameter-specific alarm hold period of time corresponding
to the physiological parameter.Iaddend.; .[.activate a second alarm
in response to determining a second alarm activation threshold has
been satisfied by the second physiological parameter measurement.].
.Iadd.determine that the second alarm hold initiator indicates to
hold an indication of a second alarm for the second alarm
condition.Iaddend.; .[.and.]. in response to .[.receiving.].
.Iadd.determining that the second alarm hold initiator indicates to
hold the indication of .Iaddend.the .Iadd.second .Iaddend.alarm
.[.suspension indication.]., .[.suspend.]. .Iadd.hold the
indication of .Iaddend.the second alarm for the .[.indicated.].
second parameter-specific alarm .[.suspension.]. .Iadd.hold
.Iaddend.period of time.Iadd.; and subsequent to the second
parameter-specific alarm hold period of time passing, activate the
indication of the second alarm while the measurement of the second
physiological parameter satisfies the second activation
threshold.Iaddend..
9. The physiological measurement system of claim 8, wherein the one
or more processors are further configured to: provide a user
interface to the user including at least a first plurality of
user-selectable elements and a second plurality of user-selectable
elements, wherein each of the first plurality of user-selectable
elements corresponds to one of the plurality of parameter-specific
alarm .[.suspension.]. .Iadd.hold .Iaddend.periods of time, and
each of the second plurality of user-selectable element corresponds
to one of the second plurality of parameter-specific alarm
.[.suspension.]. .Iadd.hold .Iaddend.periods of time.
10. The physiological measurement system of claim 9, wherein the
one or more processors are further configured to: construct a
pop-up window for a display; and display both the first and second
plurality of user-selectable elements in the pop-up window.
11. The physiological measurement system of claim 10, wherein
.[.the.]. .Iadd.a .Iaddend.selected .Iadd.first
.Iaddend.parameter-specific alarm .[.suspension.]. .Iadd.hold
.Iaddend.period of time is selected by selection of one of the
first plurality of user-selectable elements, and .[.the.]. .Iadd.a
.Iaddend.selected second parameter-specific alarm .[.suspension.].
.Iadd.hold .Iaddend.period of time is selected by selection of one
of the second plurality of user-selectable elements.
12. The physiological measurement system of claim 11, wherein the
at least one of the .[.first.]. plurality of parameter-specific
alarm .[.suspension.]. .Iadd.hold .Iaddend.periods of time is
different from any of the second plurality of parameter-specific
alarm .[.suspension.]. .Iadd.hold .Iaddend.periods of time.
13. .[.An.]. .Iadd.A .Iaddend.method comprising: measuring a
.Iadd.first .Iaddend.physiological parameter .Iadd.and a second
physiological parameter .Iaddend.using a patient monitoring device,
the patient monitoring device including a processor and a memory
device .[.configured to store a parameter-specific alarm suspension
period of time.].; .[.receiving.]. .Iadd.accessing.Iaddend., from
.[.a user.]. .Iadd.the memory device.Iaddend., .[.an indication
of.]. .Iadd.a first alarm hold initiator for .Iaddend.a .Iadd.first
.Iaddend.parameter-specific alarm .[.suspension.]. .Iadd.hold
.Iaddend.period of time corresponding to the .Iadd.first
.Iaddend.physiological parameter .Iadd.and a second alarm hold
initiator for a second parameter-specific alarm hold period of time
corresponding to the second physiological parameter.Iaddend.,
.[.the parameter-specific alarm suspension period of time being
selected from a plurality of parameter-specific alarm suspension
periods of time,.]. the .Iadd.first .Iaddend.parameter-specific
alarm .[.suspension.]. .Iadd.hold .Iaddend.period of time being
different from .[.at least one other.]. .Iadd.the second
.Iaddend.parameter-specific alarm .[.suspension.]. .Iadd.hold
.Iaddend.period of time .[.corresponding to at least one other
physiological parameter; activating an alarm in response to
determining an alarm activation threshold has been satisfied by the
physiological parameter measurement.].; .[.receiving an.].
.Iadd.determining that the first alarm hold initiator indicates to
hold a first indication of a first .Iaddend.alarm .[.suspension
indication.]. .Iadd.for a first alarm condition for the first
physiological parameter.Iaddend.; .[.and.]. in response to
.[.receiving.]. .Iadd.determining that the first alarm hold
initiator indicates to hold the first indication of .Iaddend.the
.Iadd.first .Iaddend.alarm .[.suspension indication.].,
.[.suspending.]. .Iadd.holding the first indication of .Iaddend.the
.Iadd.first .Iaddend.alarm for the .[.indicated.]. .Iadd.first
.Iaddend.parameter-specific alarm .[.suspension.]. .Iadd.hold
.Iaddend.period of time.Iadd.; and subsequent to the first
parameter-specific alarm hold period of time passing, activating
the first indication of the first alarm.Iaddend..
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the .Iadd.first .Iaddend.alarm
includes an audible component and a visual component, and wherein
.[.suspending.]. .Iadd.holding the first indication of .Iaddend.the
.Iadd.first .Iaddend.alarm comprises .[.suspending.]. .Iadd.holding
.Iaddend.the audible component and not .[.suspending.].
.Iadd.holding .Iaddend.the visual component.
15. The method of claim 13 further comprising: providing a user
interface to the user including at least a plurality of
user-selectable elements, each of the .Iadd.plurality of
user-.Iaddend.selectable elements corresponding to one of .[.the.].
.Iadd.a .Iaddend.plurality of parameter-specific alarm
.[.suspension.]. .Iadd.hold .Iaddend.periods of time.Iadd., wherein
the plurality of parameter-specific alarm hold periods of time
comprise the first parameter specific alarm hold period of
time.Iaddend..
16. The method of claim 15 further comprising: constructing a
pop-up window for a display; and displaying the plurality of
user-selectable elements in the pop-up window.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein .[.the.]. .Iadd.a
.Iaddend.selected parameter-specific alarm .[.suspension.].
.Iadd.hold .Iaddend.period of time is selected by selection of one
of the plurality of user-selectable elements.
18. A physiological measurement system comprising: a physiological
sensor .[.means for outputting.]. .Iadd.configured to output
.Iaddend.a signal responsive to a .[.noninvasive measurement of
attenuated light transmitted through a tissue site.].
.Iadd.physiological condition .Iaddend.of a patient; .Iadd.a memory
configured to store a first alarm activation threshold;
.Iaddend.and .[.a processing means.]. .Iadd.one or more processors
.Iaddend.in communication with the physiological sensor .[.means.].
and configured to: determine a .Iadd.first .Iaddend.measurement of
.[.a.]. .Iadd.the first measured .Iaddend.physiological parameter
based at least in part upon the signal; .Iadd.determine whether a
first alarm condition exists by determining whether the first alarm
activation threshold has been satisfied by the first measurement of
the first measured physiological parameter; .Iaddend. .[.receive,
from a user, an indication of a.]. .Iadd.access a first alarm hold
initiator for a first .Iaddend.parameter-specific alarm
.[.suspension.]. .Iadd.hold .Iaddend.period of time corresponding
to the .Iadd.first measured .Iaddend.physiological parameter,
.[.the parameter-specific alarm suspension period of time being
selected from a plurality of parameter-specific alarm suspension
periods of time,.]. the .Iadd.first .Iaddend.parameter-specific
alarm .[.suspension.]. .Iadd.hold .Iaddend.period of time being
different from .[.at least one other.]. .Iadd.a second
.Iaddend.parameter-specific alarm .[.suspension.]. .Iadd.hold
.Iaddend.period of time corresponding to .[.at least one other.].
.Iadd.a second measured .Iaddend.physiological parameter .Iadd.for
which the one or more processors are configured to determine a
second measurement.Iaddend.; .[.activate an alarm in response to
determining an alarm activation threshold has been satisfied by the
physiological parameter measurement; receive an.]. .Iadd.determine
that the first alarm hold initiator indicates to hold activation of
a first .Iaddend.alarm .[.suspension indication.]. .Iadd.for the
first alarm condition.Iaddend.; .[.and.]. in response to
.[.receiving.]. .Iadd.determining that the first alarm hold
initiator indicates to hold activation of .Iaddend.the .Iadd.first
.Iaddend.alarm .[.suspension indication.]., .[.suspend.].
.Iadd.hold activation of .Iaddend.the .Iadd.first .Iaddend.alarm
for the .[.indicated.]. .Iadd.first .Iaddend.parameter-specific
alarm .[.suspension.]. .Iadd.hold .Iaddend.period of time.Iadd.;
and activate the first alarm.Iaddend..
19. The physiological measurement system of claim 18, wherein the
.[.processing means is.]. .Iadd.one or more processors are
.Iaddend.further configured to: determine .[.a.]. .Iadd.the
.Iaddend.second .[.physiological parameter.]. measurement based at
least in part upon the signal; .Iadd.determine whether a second
alarm condition exists by determining whether a second alarm
activation threshold has been satisfied by the second measurement;
.Iaddend. .[.receive, from the user,.]. .Iadd.access .Iaddend.a
second .[.indication of a.]. .Iadd.alarm hold initiator for the
.Iaddend.second parameter-specific alarm .[.suspension.].
.Iadd.hold .Iaddend.period of time .[.corresponding to the second
physiological parameter, the second parameter-specific alarm
suspension period of time being selected from a second plurality of
parameter-specific alarm suspension periods of time; activate a
second alarm in response to determining a second alarm activation
threshold has been satisfied by the second physiological parameter
measurement.].; .Iadd.determine that the second alarm hold
initiator indicates to hold activation of a second alarm for the
second alarm condition; .Iaddend.and in response to .[.receiving.].
.Iadd.determining that the second alarm hold initiator indicates to
hold activation of .Iaddend.the .Iadd.second .Iaddend.alarm
.[.suspension indication.]., .[.suspend.]. .Iadd.hold activation of
.Iaddend.the second alarm for the .[.indicated.]. second
parameter-specific alarm .[.suspension.]. .Iadd.hold
.Iaddend.period of time.
20. The physiological measurement system of claim 19, wherein the
.[.processing means is.]. .Iadd.one or more processors are
.Iaddend.further configured to: provide a user interface to the
user including at least a first plurality of user-selectable
elements and a second plurality of user-selectable elements,
wherein each of the first plurality of user-selectable elements
corresponds to one of .[.the.]. .Iadd.a first .Iaddend.plurality of
parameter-specific alarm .[.suspension.]. .Iadd.hold
.Iaddend.periods of time, and each of the second plurality of
user-selectable .[.element.]. .Iadd.elements .Iaddend.corresponds
to one of .[.the.]. .Iadd.a .Iaddend.second plurality of
parameter-specific alarm .[.suspension.]. .Iadd.hold
.Iaddend.periods of time.Iadd., wherein the first plurality of
parameter-specific alarm hold periods of time comprise the first
parameter-specific alarm hold period of time, and the second
plurality of parameter-specific alarm hold periods of time comprise
the second parameter-specific alarm hold period of
time.Iaddend..
21. The physiological measurement system of claim 20, wherein
.[.the.]. .Iadd.a .Iaddend.selected .Iadd.first
.Iaddend.parameter-specific alarm .[.suspension.]. .Iadd.hold
.Iaddend.period of time is selected by selection of one of the
first plurality of user-selectable elements, and .[.the.]. .Iadd.a
.Iaddend.selected second parameter-specific alarm .[.suspension.].
.Iadd.hold .Iaddend.period of time is selected by selection of one
of the second plurality of user-selectable elements.
22. The physiological measurement system of claim 21, wherein at
least one of the first plurality of parameter-specific alarm
.[.suspension.]. .Iadd.hold .Iaddend.periods of time is different
from any of the second plurality of parameter-specific alarm
.[.suspension.]. .Iadd.hold .Iaddend.periods of time.
.Iadd.23. The physiological measurement system of claim 1, wherein
the one or more processors are further configured to modify a
visual indicator for the parameter-specific alarm hold period of
time..Iaddend.
.Iadd.24. The physiological measurement system of claim 1, wherein
the physiological parameter comprises one of an oxygen saturation,
a pulse rate, a perfusion index, a pleth variability index, a
carboxyhemoglobin, a methemoglobin, or a total hemoglobin..Iaddend.
Description
BACKGROUND
Pulse oximetry for measuring constituents of circulating blood has
achieved acceptance in a wide variety of medical applications,
including surgical wards, intensive care and neonatal units,
general wards, home care, physical training, and virtually all
types of monitoring scenarios. A pulse oximeter generally includes
a two-wavelength optical sensor applied to a patient, a monitor for
processing sensor signals and displaying results and a patient
cable electrically interconnecting the sensor and the monitor. The
monitor typically provides a numerical readout of physiological
parameters such as oxygen saturation (SpO.sub.2) and pulse rate
(PR). Advanced physiological monitors utilize multiple wavelength
sensors and enhanced measurement capabilities to provide readouts
of additional parameters, such as carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO),
methemoglobin (HbMet) and total hemoglobin (Hbt).
Pulse oximeters capable of reading through motion induced noise are
disclosed in at least U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,770,028, 6,658,276,
6,650,917, 6,157,850, 6,002,952, 5,769,785 and 5,758,644; low noise
pulse oximetry sensors are disclosed in at least U.S. Pat. Nos.
6,088,607 and 5,782,757; all of which are assigned to Masimo
Corporation, Irvine, Calif. ("Masimo") and are incorporated by
reference herein.
Physiological monitors and corresponding multiple wavelength
optical sensors are described in at least U.S. patent application
Ser. No. 11/367,013, filed Mar. 1, 2006 and titled Multiple
Wavelength Sensor Emitters and U.S. patent application Ser. No.
11/366,208, filed Mar. 1, 2006 and titled Noninvasive
Multi-Parameter Patient Monitor, both assigned to Masimo
Laboratories, Irvine, Calif. (Masimo Labs) and both incorporated by
reference herein.
Further, physiological monitoring systems that include low noise
optical sensors and pulse oximetry monitors, such as any of
LNOP.RTM. adhesive or reusable sensors, SofTouch.TM. sensors, Hi-Fi
Trauma.TM. or Blue.TM. sensors; and any of Radical.RTM.,
SatShare.TM., Rad-9.TM., Rad-5.TM., Rad-5v.TM. or PPO+.TM. Masimo
SET.RTM. pulse oximeters, are all available from Masimo.
Physiological monitoring systems including multiple wavelength
sensors and corresponding noninvasive blood parameter monitors,
such as Rainbow.TM. adhesive and reusable sensors and RAD-57.TM.
and Radical-7.TM. monitors for measuring SpO.sub.2, pulse rate
(PR), perfusion index (PI), pleth variability index (PVI), signal
quality, HbCO and HbMet among other parameters are also available
from Masimo.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Monitor alarms are triggered by out-of-limit parameters and system
failures, the latter including monitor or sensor failures or
improper sensor placement, to name a few. Alarms can be visual,
audible or both. Alarms can also have different levels of priority,
which are reflected in the type of visual and audible alarms. In an
embodiment, parameters exceeding limits such as low SpO.sub.2, high
HbCO, high HbMet and low and high BPM trigger high priority alarms.
System failures due to sensor off, no sensor or defective sensor
also trigger high priority alarms. Parameters exceeding limits such
as high SpO.sub.2, low and high PI, low and high PVI, for example,
trigger medium priority alarms. Parameters exceeding limits such as
low HbCO and low HbMet along with a system low battery indication
are examples of low priority alarms.
An audible alarm may be temporarily suspended by pressing an alarm
silence button so as to prevent unnecessary disturbance to the
patient and distraction of the caregiver. During alarm suspension,
visual alarms remain active. If an alarm condition persists after a
predetermined alarm suspend period, the audible alarm resumes. The
alarm suspend period is typically long enough to give a caregiver
sufficient time to intervene with appropriate patient treatment yet
short enough to ensure that patient health is not endangered if
intervention is ineffective. For conventional pulse oximetry, an
alarm suspend may be, for example, a maximum of 120 seconds.
Alarm suspension on advanced blood parameter monitors is
problematic. With conventional pulse oximetry, treatment for
abnormal parameter measurements can be quickly applied and a
patient response is typically fast. For example, a treatment for
low oxygen saturation is the application of an oxygen mask or an
increase in oxygen flow. By contrast, the duration of treatment for
parameters measured by advanced monitors is highly dependent on the
alarm-triggering parameter. For example, the treatment for high
methemoglobin is the injection of methylene blue, and the patient
response to such an injection is slow. When patient treatment time
exceeds the maximum alarm suspend period, an audible alarm will
constantly reactivate. Thus, a single alarm suspend duration for
all parameters is inadequate to cope with the many different types
of parameters measured by advanced monitors.
One aspect of an alarm suspend system for silencing the alarms is
an alarm trigger responsive to any of various parameters and
predetermined limits corresponding to the parameters, where the
parameters are partitioned according to treatment time, i.e. the
relative length of time it takes for a person to respond to medical
treatment for a parameter measurement outside of the predetermined
limits. An audible alarm is responsive to the alarm trigger. An
alarm silence button is actuated so as to suspend the audible
alarm. A timer tracks the duration of the suspended alarm and is
initiated by actuation of an alarm silence button. The timer
retriggers the audible alarm after the timed duration has
lapsed/expired. In an embodiment, a long duration suspend time is
associated with slow treatment parameters and a short duration
suspend time is associated with fast treatment parameters. Fast
treatment parameters may include, for example, parameters relating
to normal blood hemoglobin constituents and slow treatment
parameters may include parameters relating to abnormal blood
hemoglobin constituents.
In various embodiments, a short duration suspend time is less than
or equal to about two minutes and a long duration suspended time is
greater than about two minutes. A default duration associated with
the fast treatment parameters is about two minutes and a default
duration associated with the slow treatment parameters is about
fifteen minutes. The alarm suspend system may also have an alarm
suspend override responsive to a predetermined unit change in the
parameter triggering a suspended alarm. The override results in
reactivation of the suspended alarm. A physiological monitor having
an alarm suspend system may also have a pop-up window that appears
on the monitor display in response to actuation of the silence
button, where the pop-up window presents a choice of alarm suspend
durations.
Another aspect of an alarm suspend system is a partition of
measured parameters into at least a first group and a second group.
An audible alarm is triggered if at least one parameter is outside
of predetermined limits. The audible alarm is suspended in response
to a silence request. A first duration is associated with the first
group and a second duration is associated with the second group.
The audible alarm is reactivated after at least one of the first
duration and the second duration. The first duration may be set so
as to generally correspond to a first range of treatment times for
the first group of parameters. Likewise, the second duration may be
set so as to generally correspond to a second range of treatment
times for the second group of parameters, where the first range of
treatment times and the second range of treatment times are
non-overlapping.
In various embodiments, suspended audible alarms are overridden if
the triggering parameter has greater than a predetermined unit
change before the suspended alarm expires according to either the
first duration or the second duration. The first and second groups
are defined in relation to normal hemoglobin measurements abnormal
hemoglobin measurements, respectively. The first duration is set to
be less than or equal to two minutes and the second duration is set
to be greater than two minutes, with default durations of about two
minutes corresponding to the first group and about fifteen minutes
corresponding to the second group. In an embodiment, a pop-up
window for a monitor display is constructed and the first duration
and the second duration are selected from a range of durations
presented within the pop-up window.
A further aspect of an alarm suspend system deactivates an audible
alarm for one of a short duration and a long duration according to
the alarm-triggering parameter. A first group of parameters is
associated with the short duration and a second group of parameters
is associated with the long duration. The first group and the
second group are partitioned according to a fast treatment time and
a short treatment time associated with the parameters. An override
reactivates the audible alarm if the trigger parameter changes more
than a predetermine amount during the corresponding duration. In
various embodiments, the first group comprises parameters related
to the measurement of normal hemoglobin and the second group
comprises parameters related to the measurement of abnormal
hemoglobin. The long duration is greater than about 120 seconds and
the short duration is less than or equal to about 120 seconds. A
pop-up window for the display allows selection of the long duration
and the short duration in response to the silence button.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a physiological measurement system
utilizing an alarm suspend system;
FIG. 2 is a detailed block diagram of a physiological measurement
system utilizing an alarm suspend system;
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of an alarm suspend system embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a state diagram of an alarm suspend system embodiment;
and
FIG. 5 is an illustration of an alarm suspend pop-up window.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
FIG. 1 illustrates a physiological measurement system 100 that
utilizes an alarm suspend system. The physiological measurement
system 100 has a noninvasive sensor 105 attached to a tissue site
10, a physiological monitor 101, and an interface cable 109
interconnecting the monitor 101 and the sensor 105. The
physiological measurement system 100 may incorporate pulse oximetry
in addition to advanced features, such as a multiple wavelength
sensor and advanced processes for determining physiological
parameters other than or in addition to those of pulse oximetry,
such as carboxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin and total hemoglobin, as a
few examples.
The monitor 101 has a front panel 110 providing a display 120,
touch keys 130, controls 140, a speaker 150, a sensor port 160 and
status indicators 170. The display 120 shows parameter readouts,
limits and waveforms among other items. The display 120 also has
touch key icons 122 that indicate touch key 130 functions. The
speaker 150 provides an audible alarm in response to physiological
measurements that violate preset conditions, such as an
out-of-limit parameter, as well as system failures, such as a low
battery condition. The controls 140 include an alarm silence button
144 that is pressed to temporarily suspend out-of-limit parameter
alarms and system alarms, such as low battery. The display 120
provides visual alarms, which include a bell-shaped alarm status
indicator 124 that illuminates during an alarm condition and
parameter readouts 210 and limits 220 that flash when parameters
are out-of-limit. Status indicators 170 also provide visual alarms.
When there are multiple alarm conditions, the parameter displays
202 indicate parameters with the highest alarm priority. Touch keys
130 and corresponding icons 122 include an alarm menu access button
for setting alarm conditions, such as high or low alarm limits for
SpO.sub.2, HbCO, HbMet, PR and PI. The alarm silence button 144 is
pressed to temporarily suspend audible alarms. Advantageously, an
alarm suspend system provides a parameter-dependent variation in
the alarm suspend duration, as described below, utilizing a common
silence button or other suspend initiator.
FIG. 2 illustrates a physiological measurement system 200 including
a physiological monitor 201, a sensor 205 and an interface cable
209. The sensor 205 is attached to a tissue site, such as a finger
10, and includes a plurality of emitters 206 irradiating the tissue
site 10 with multiple wavelengths of light. The sensor 205 also
includes one or more detectors 208 capable of detecting the light
after attenuation by the tissue site 10. The sensor 205 transmits
optical radiation at wavelengths other than or including the red
and infrared wavelengths utilized in pulse oximeters. The monitor
201 inputs a corresponding sensor signal 211 and determines the
relative concentrations of blood constituents other than or in
addition to the "normal" blood hemoglobin constituents HbO.sub.2
and Hb, including "abnormal" blood hemoglobin constituents HbCO,
HbMet and blood related parameters such as fractional oxygen
saturation, total hemoglobin and blood glucose to name a few.
As shown in FIG. 2, the monitor 201 has a front-end signal
conditioner 210, an A/D converter 220, emitter drivers 230, D/A
converters 240 and a digital signal processor ("DSP") 250. In
general, the emitter drivers 230 convert digital control signals,
via the D/A converters 240, into analog drive signals capable of
driving the sensor emitters 206. The front-end signal conditioner
210 converts, via the A/D converter 220, composite analog intensity
signal(s) from light sensitive detector(s) 208 into digital data
input to the DSP 250. The emitter drivers 230 and front-end signal
conditioner 210 communicate with the sensor 205 via the interface
cable 209.
Also shown in FIG. 2, the monitor 201 has an instrument manager 260
and a user interface 280. The user interface 280 includes one or
more displays 282, alarms 284 and user input/output (I/O) 286. The
instrument manager 260 communicates with the DSP 250 to receive
parameter data and to present that data on the display 282. The
instrument manager 260 may also store and display historical or
trending data related to one or more of the measured parameters or
combinations of the measured parameters. The instrument manager 260
also controls audible and visual alarms and indicators 284. The
instrument manager 260 responds to user-actuated keys and
communicates with external devices via various I/O ports 286.
Further, the instrument manager 260 executes alarm suspend firmware
270 so as to respond to an alarm silence button press 288, as
described in detail with respect to FIGS. 3-4.
FIG. 3 generally illustrates an alarm suspend system 300. Alarm
triggers include system failures 338 and out-of-limit parameters
318. Triggered alarms 340 may be audible, visual or both, and may
vary according to priority 342. Audible alarms may be generated by
a monitor front-panel-mounted speaker 150 (FIG. 1) and may vary in
loudness, pitch and sound pattern. Visual alarms may include
parameter labels, parameter numerics, symbols and status lights,
which can flash and vary in color.
As shown in FIG. 3, measured parameters 312 are compared 310 to
default or user-specified limits 314. An out-of-limit condition 318
triggers an alarm 340. An alarm suspend 328 is user-initiated by a
silence request 322. This may be a press of a silence button 144
(FIG. 1) on a monitor front panel 110 (FIG. 1). In an embodiment,
the alarm suspend 328 silences audible alarms and modifies the
display of visual alarms. The alarm suspend 328 is based on a timer
320, which ends the alarm suspend 328 after a predetermined
duration 324. The duration 324 may be a function of the
out-of-limit parameter 312. In an advantageous embodiment, the
duration 324 relates to, or is a function of, the treatment time
for the alarm-triggering parameter so as to avoid nuisance alarms
while maintaining alarm integrity.
FIG. 4 illustrates an alarm suspend embodiment 400 that operates
independently for each measured parameter that can trigger an
alarm. An alarm is initially off 410. The alarm remains off as long
as the parameter is within its set limits 412. If a parameter is
measured outside of its set limits 414, an alarm is triggered 420.
The alarm may audible, visual or both audible and visual. A user
can request to silence the alarm by pressing an alarm silence
button 144 (FIG. 1), for example. The silence request 422 suspends
the alarm 430 which turns off audible alarms but, in an embodiment,
does not deactivate visual alarms. The audible alarm remains
suspended 430 for a predetermined duration 432. When the suspend
duration has passed, the alarm suspend expires 434 and audible
alarms are once again activated 420. The alarm remains on 428 until
the triggering parameter is within limits 424 or a user once again
requests silence 422. The alarm suspend 430 deactivates if the
measured parameter becomes within limits 438, such as when the
patient condition improves, or if no physiological data is detected
439, such as no sensor, sensor off, no cable or malfunctioning
sensor situations, to name a few. Also, if the measured parameter
changes during the alarm suspend 430 by a sufficient out-of-limit
amount, an override 436 reactivates the audible alarms 420.
In an alarm suspend system embodiment, parameters are classified
according to the typical time it takes for medical treatment to
transition an out-of-limit measurement to a within-limit
measurement. Suspend durations 324 (FIG. 3) are set accordingly.
For example, in a two-tier embodiment, relatively slow treatment
parameters, such as HbMet, HbCO, Hbt and PVI, are assigned
relatively long suspend durations. Similarly, relatively fast
treatment parameters, such as SpO.sub.2 and PR, are assigned
relatively short suspend durations. In an embodiment, the alarm
suspend duration is adjustable for each individual parameter,
including 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes for slow treatment
parameters, with a default of 15 minutes; and 30, 60, 90 and 120
seconds for fast treatment parameters, with a default of 120
seconds. These alarm features are only active when alarm limits
have been set. Other alarm features apply to both slow treatment
and fast treatment parameters. For example, an alarm delay of 0, 5,
10 or 15 seconds applies to all enabled parameters.
In an embodiment, an override 436 occurs if slow treatment
parameters such as HbCO, HbMet or PVI increase or Hbt decreases by
a certain unit change during the alarm suspend duration. The unit
change is adjustable for each parameter, such as from 1-15 in
increments of 1. TABLE 1 shows a default embodiment of override
unit changes for these parameters.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Override Unit Changes for Selected
Parameters Parameter Unit Change Direction HbCO 5 Increase HbMet 2
Increase Hbt 2 Decrease PVI OFF Increase
FIG. 5 illustrates an alarm suspend window 500 that provides a
"pop-up" display so that a monitor user may manually enter an alarm
suspend duration. The alarm suspend window 500 appears as a portion
of a monitor display 501, such as the front panel display 120 (FIG.
1) described above. The pop-up window 500 responds to a suspend
request, such as a silence button 144 (FIG. 1) press. The alarm
suspend window 500 has a window identifier 502 and one or more
parameter subsections 510, 520. Each parameter subsection 510, 520
has a parameter identifier 512, 522 and corresponding suspend
duration options 514, 524. In an embodiment, specific suspend times
are selected via monitor touch keys 130 (FIG. 1) as guided by
corresponding touch key icons 560. Selected suspend times are
highlighted or otherwise identified and entered, also via a touch
key 130 (FIG. 1). In an alternative embodiment, the monitor display
is a touch screen and alarm suspend times are directly entered by a
finger press on a specific duration "virtual button" 514, 524. Once
one or more suspend durations are entered, the pop-up window 500
disappears from the display 501. The alarm suspend window 500
advantageously allows a user to quickly choose an appropriate alarm
suspend duration for the situation at hand, rather than relying on
a predetermined or default duration.
An alarm suspend system is described above with respect to alarms
triggered by measured parameters and limits associated with those
measured parameters. Limits may correspond to levels of a measured
parameter, such as a percentage oxygen saturation to name but one
example. Limits may also correspond to trends of a measured
parameter, such as a rate-of-change of oxygen saturation, for
example. Limits may also correspond to patterns in a measured
parameter or a comparison of one measured parameter with another
measured parameter, as further examples.
An alarm suspend system is described above with respect to a
two-tier grouping of parameters, such as slow treatment and fast
treatment parameters and alarm suspend durations associated with
those groups. Groupings of parameters with respect to alarm suspend
durations may be multi-tier, such as slow, medium and fast
treatment parameters, to name but one example.
An alarm suspend system has been disclosed in detail in connection
with various embodiments. These embodiments are disclosed by way of
examples only and are not to limit the scope of the claims that
follow. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate many
variations and modifications.
* * * * *
References