U.S. patent number 8,708,564 [Application Number 13/540,059] was granted by the patent office on 2014-04-29 for bearing elements, bearing apparatuses including same, and related methods.
This patent grant is currently assigned to US Synthetic Corporation. The grantee listed for this patent is Craig H. Cooley, Timothy N. Sexton. Invention is credited to Craig H. Cooley, Timothy N. Sexton.
United States Patent |
8,708,564 |
Cooley , et al. |
April 29, 2014 |
Bearing elements, bearing apparatuses including same, and related
methods
Abstract
Bearing apparatuses including contacting bearing surfaces
comprising superhard materials are disclosed. In one embodiment,
the present invention relates to bearings including polycrystalline
diamond inserts or compacts defining a plurality of surfaces that
move relative to one another and contact one another. For example,
apparatuses may include radial bearings, or other bearings
including arcuate bearing surfaces that more in relation to one
another, without limitation. In one embodiment, a superhard bearing
element may comprise a superhard table (e.g., polycrystalline
diamond) forming an arcuate bearing surface. Further, such a
superhard bearing element may comprise a chamfer formed about at
least a portion of a periphery of the arcuate bearing surface.
Bearing apparatuses including such bearing elements and various
mechanical systems are disclosed.
Inventors: |
Cooley; Craig H. (Saratoga
Springs, UT), Sexton; Timothy N. (Santaquin, UT) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Cooley; Craig H.
Sexton; Timothy N. |
Saratoga Springs
Santaquin |
UT
UT |
US
US |
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Assignee: |
US Synthetic Corporation (Orem,
UT)
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Family
ID: |
37465056 |
Appl.
No.: |
13/540,059 |
Filed: |
July 2, 2012 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20120321232 A1 |
Dec 20, 2012 |
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Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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11465010 |
Aug 16, 2006 |
8210747 |
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11212232 |
Apr 27, 2010 |
7703982 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
384/92;
384/282 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E21B
4/003 (20130101); F16C 33/108 (20130101); F16C
33/043 (20130101); F16C 17/06 (20130101); F16C
27/02 (20130101); F16C 33/04 (20130101); F16C
33/26 (20130101); F16C 2352/00 (20130101); F16C
17/02 (20130101); F16C 17/04 (20130101); F16C
2206/04 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F16C
31/00 (20060101); F16C 33/24 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;384/92-96,282-285,302,305-308 ;175/92,320,430,431 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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4226986 |
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Feb 1994 |
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DE |
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0543461 |
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May 1993 |
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EP |
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2057069 |
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Mar 1981 |
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GB |
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1980001939 |
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Sep 1980 |
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WO |
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Other References
International Search Report from PCT/US2006/033201 (Dec. 19, 2006).
cited by applicant .
Restriction Requirement received in U.S. Appl. No. 11/212,232; Apr.
13, 2007. cited by applicant .
Non-Final Office Action received in U.S. Appl. No. 11/212,232; Jul.
10, 2007. cited by applicant .
Final Office Action received in U.S. Appl. No. 11/212,232; Jan. 10,
2008. cited by applicant .
Non-Final Office Action received in U.S. Appl. No. 11/212,232; Jun.
17, 2008. cited by applicant .
Final Office Action received in U.S. Appl. No. 11/212,232; Dec. 4,
2008. cited by applicant .
Non-Final Office Action received in U.S. Appl. No. 11/212,232; Mar.
16, 2009. cited by applicant .
Final Office Action received in U.S. Appl. No. 11/212,232; Jul. 31,
2009. cited by applicant .
Non-Final Office Action received in U.S. Appl. No. 11/879,867; Dec.
1, 2009. cited by applicant .
Final Office Action received in U.S. Appl. No. 11/879,867; May 18,
2010. cited by applicant .
Non-Final Office Action issued on U.S. Appl. No. 13/294,048; Sep.
30, 2013. cited by applicant.
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Primary Examiner: Waits; Alan B
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Holland & Hart LLP
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser.
No. 11/465,010 filed Aug. 16, 2006, which is a continuation-in-part
of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/212,232, filed Aug. 26,
2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,703,982, the disclosures of each which
are incorporated, in their entireties, by this reference.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A radial bearing apparatus comprising: a first plurality of
superhard bearing elements, each bearing element of the first
plurality having a superhard table including a substantially
arcuate bearing surface, the bearing surfaces of the first
plurality of superhard bearing elements defining a first collective
bearing surface exhibiting a substantially cylindrical geometry;
wherein at least one bearing element of the first plurality
includes at least one chamfer formed adjacent its respective
substantially arcuate bearing surface and at least one planar
surface between the substantially arcuate bearing surface and the
at least one chamfer.
2. The radial bearing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least
one chamfer extends only partially around the substantially arcuate
bearing surface of the at least one bearing element.
3. The radial bearing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least
one chamfer includes multiple chamfers.
4. The radial bearing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a
bearing race, wherein the first plurality of superhard bearing
elements are disposed in a plurality of recesses formed in the
bearing race.
5. The radial bearing apparatus of claim 4, wherein the
substantially arcuate bearing surface of each of the first
plurality of superhard bearing elements is substantially
concave.
6. The radial bearing apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the
first plurality of bearing elements include at least one chamfer
formed adjacent the bearing element's respective substantially
arcuate bearing surface.
7. The radial bearing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the superhard
table comprises polycrystalline diamond and is bonded to a
substrate.
8. The radial bearing apparatus of claim 7, wherein the substrate
comprises tungsten carbide.
9. The radial bearing apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least a
portion of the at least one chamfer is contiguous with the arcuate
bearing surface of the at least one bearing element.
10. The radial bearing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least
one chamfer completely surrounds the arcuate bearing surface of the
at least one bearing element.
11. The radial bearing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least
one bearing element further includes a side surface and wherein the
at least one chamfer exhibits an angle relative to the side surface
of between approximately 5.degree. and approximately
85.degree..
12. A radial bearing apparatus comprising: a first plurality of
superhard bearing elements, each bearing element of the first
plurality having a superhard table including a substantially
arcuate bearing surface, the bearing surfaces of the first
plurality of superhard bearing elements defining a first collective
bearing surface exhibiting a substantially cylindrical geometry;
wherein at least one bearing element of the first plurality
includes at least one chamfer formed adjacent its respective
substantially arcuate bearing surface, and wherein the at least one
chamfer exhibits a variation in width as it extends along a
periphery of the superhard table.
13. The radial bearing apparatus of claim 12, further comprising: a
second plurality of superhard bearing elements, each bearing
element of the second plurality having a superhard table including
a substantially arcuate bearing surface, the bearing surfaces of
the second plurality of superhard bearing elements defining a
second collective bearing surface exhibiting a substantially
cylindrical geometry, at least a portion of the first collective
bearing surface being configured to engage at least a portion of
the second collective bearing surface.
14. The radial bearing apparatus of claim 13, wherein at least one
bearing element of the second plurality includes at least one
chamfer formed adjacent its respective substantially arcuate
bearing surface.
15. The radial bearing apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least
one chamfer of the at least one bearing of the second plurality of
superhard bearing elements extends only partially around the
arcuate bearing surface of the at least one bearing element.
16. The radial bearing apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least
one chamfer of the at least one bearing of the second plurality of
superhard bearing elements includes multiple chamfers.
17. The radial bearing apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least
one chamfer of the at least one bearing of the second plurality of
superhard bearing elements exhibits a variation in width as it
extends along a periphery of the superhard table.
18. The radial bearing apparatus of claim 13, wherein the
substantially arcuate bearing surface of each of the first
plurality of superhard bearing elements is substantially
concave.
19. The radial bearing apparatus of claim 13, wherein the
substantially arcuate bearing surface of each of the first
plurality of superhard bearing elements is substantially
convex.
20. The radial bearing apparatus of claim 13, wherein each bearing
element of the second plurality includes at least one chamfer
formed adjacent its respective substantially arcuate bearing
surface.
Description
BACKGROUND
Conventional bearing apparatuses including bearing surfaces that
move relative to one another are known in the art. For example,
conventional, so-called "thrust bearings" and some embodiments of
radial bearings include bearing surfaces that at least partially
contact and move or slide relative to one another. Such bearing
surfaces may include a superhard material for resisting wear during
use of the bearing. In one example, diamond (e.g., polycrystalline
diamond) may comprise at least one or both of the bearing
surfaces.
More particularly, one application for bearings is drilling
equipment utilized in the subterranean drilling arts. Particularly,
drilling motors and drill bits with moving members, such as roller
cones have been utilized for drilling boreholes into a subterranean
formation, especially for oil or gas exploration. In a typical
downhole drilling motor, the motor is suspended at the lower end of
a string of drill pipe comprising a series of pipe sections
connected together at joints and supported from the surface. A
rotary drill bit (e.g., a fixed cutter drill bit, roller cone drill
bit, a reamer, etc.) may be supported below the drilling motor (via
pipe sections, drill collars, or other structural members as known
in the art) or may be directly connected to the downhole motor, if
desired. Drilling fluid, which is commonly known as drilling mud,
is circulated through the pipe string and the motor to generate
torque within the motor for causing the rotary drill bit to rotate.
Then, the drilling fluid is returned to the surface through the
annular space between the drilled borehole and the drill string and
may carry the cuttings of the subterranean formation to the
surface.
Further, as known in the art, mechanical systems may include radial
bearings. For example, conventional downhole drilling may employ
radial bearings. In one embodiment, an inner and outer race are
each provided with a plurality of superhard bearing elements (e.g.,
polycrystalline diamond elements). The races are positioned
adjacent one another so that the bearing surfaces of the bearing
elements contact one another. As may be appreciated, geometry and
configuration of the bearing elements of the races may be an
important factor influencing the performance and life of such a
bearing structure. Examples of conventional radial bearing
apparatuses are disclosed by U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,662,348, 4,729,440,
4,738,322, 4,756,631, and 4,764,036, the disclosure of each of
which is incorporated, in its entirety, by this reference.
Thus, it would be advantageous to provide improved bearing elements
and bearing apparatuses including same.
SUMMARY
The present invention relates generally to bearing elements and
bearing apparatuses including contacting bearing surfaces
comprising superhard materials. In one embodiment, the present
invention relates to bearings including polycrystalline diamond
inserts or compacts defining a plurality of surfaces that move
relative to one another and contact one another. For example, the
present invention relates to radial bearings, or other bearings
including arcuate bearing surfaces that more in relation to one
another, without limitation.
One aspect of the present invention relates to bearing elements.
Particularly, one aspect of the present invention relates to a
superhard bearing element comprising a superhard table forming an
arcuate bearing surface. Further, such a superhard bearing element
may comprise a chamfer formed about at least a portion of a
periphery of the arcuate bearing surface.
Another aspect of the instant disclosure relates to polycrystalline
diamond bearing elements. Particularly, one aspect of the present
invention relates to a polycrystalline diamond bearing element
comprising a polycrystalline diamond table forming an arcuate
bearing surface. Further, such a polycrystalline diamond bearing
element may comprise a chamfer formed about at least a portion of a
periphery of the arcuate bearing surface.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to bearing
apparatuses. More specifically, a bearing apparatus according to
the present invention may comprise an inner race and an outer race.
In further detail, the inner race may comprise a plurality of inner
race superhard bearing elements, each comprising a superhard table,
wherein at least one of the plurality of inner race superhard
elements includes an inner arcuate bearing surface and a chamfer
formed about at least a portion of a periphery of the inner arcuate
bearing surface. In addition, the outer race may comprise a
plurality of outer race superhard bearing elements each comprising
a superhard table, wherein at least one of the plurality of outer
superhard elements includes an outer arcuate bearing surface and a
chamfer formed about at least a portion of a periphery of the outer
arcuate bearing surface. Various mechanical systems may include
such a bearing apparatus. In one embodiment, a bearing apparatus
may be configured as a radial bearing apparatus included within a
rolling cone drill bit.
Features from any of the above mentioned embodiments may be used in
combination with one another, without limitation. In addition,
other features and advantages of the instant disclosure will become
apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art through
consideration of the ensuing description, the accompanying
drawings, and the appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Further features of the subject matter of the instant disclosure,
its nature, and various advantages will be more apparent from the
following detailed description and the accompanying drawings, which
illustrate various exemplary embodiments, are representations, and
are not necessarily drawn to scale, wherein:
FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of one embodiment of a bearing
element according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a top elevation view of the bearing element shown in
FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of another embodiment of a bearing
element according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a top elevation view of the bearing element shown in
FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of a further embodiment of a
bearing element according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows a top elevation view of the bearing element shown in
FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of yet an additional embodiment of
a bearing element according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 shows a top elevation view of the bearing element shown in
FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram depicting one embodiment of a
method for forming a bearing element according to the present
invention;
FIG. 10 shows a schematic diagram depicting another embodiment of a
method for forming a bearing element according to the present
invention;
FIG. 11 shows a perspective view of a bearing element according to
the present invention at an intermediate stage during
manufacturing;
FIG. 12 shows a perspective view of a bearing element according to
the present invention at an intermediate stage of
manufacturing;
FIG. 13A shows a side cross-sectional view of the bearing element
shown in FIG. 12;
FIG. 13B shows a side cross-sectional view of a bearing element
including a radius formed about at least a portion of a periphery
of a bearing surface;
FIG. 14 shows a partial, exploded perspective view of an outer race
and a bearing element at an intermediate stage of manufacture;
FIG. 15 shows a perspective view of an outer race including a
plurality of bearing elements according to the present invention
coupled to the outer race;
FIG. 16 shows a partial, exploded perspective view of an inner race
and a bearing element at an intermediate stage of manufacture;
FIG. 17 shows a perspective view of an inner race including a
plurality of bearing elements according to the present invention
coupled to the inner race;
FIG. 18 shows a perspective view of a radial bearing assembly
according to the present invention; and
FIG. 19 shows a perspective view of a subterranean drilling system
including a bearing apparatus according to the present
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present invention relates generally to bearing apparatuses
including bearing surfaces comprising superhard materials.
"Superhard," as used herein, refers to any material having a
hardness that is at least equal to or exceeds a hardness of
tungsten carbide (e.g., polycrystalline diamond, boron nitride,
silicon carbide, mixtures of the foregoing, or any suitable
material). For example, a polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) is
normally fabricated by placing a cemented carbide substrate into a
container or cartridge with a layer of diamond crystals or grains
positioned adjacent one surface of a substrate. A number of such
cartridges may be typically loaded into an ultra-high pressure
press. The substrates and adjacent diamond crystal layers are then
sintered under ultra-high temperature and ultra-high pressure
("HPHT") conditions. The ultra-high pressure and ultra-high
temperature conditions cause the diamond crystals or grains to bond
to one another to form polycrystalline diamond. In addition, as
known in the art, a catalyst may be employed for facilitating
formation of polycrystalline diamond. In one example, a so-called
"solvent catalyst" may be employed for facilitating the formation
of polycrystalline diamond. For example, cobalt, nickel, and iron
are among examples of solvent catalysts for forming polycrystalline
diamond. In one configuration, during sintering, solvent catalyst
comprising the substrate body (e.g., cobalt from a cobalt-cemented
tungsten carbide substrate) becomes liquid and sweeps from the
region adjacent to the diamond powder and into the diamond grains.
Of course, a solvent catalyst may be mixed with the diamond powder
prior to sintering, if desired. Thus, diamond grains become
mutually bonded to form a polycrystalline diamond table upon the
substrate. A conventional process for forming polycrystalline
diamond cutters is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,745,623 to Wentorf,
Jr. et al., the disclosure of which is incorporated, in its
entirety, by this reference. The solvent catalyst may remain in the
polycrystalline diamond layer within the interstitial pores between
the diamond grains or may be at least partially removed by leaching
(i.e., exposing at least a portion of the diamond table to an acid)
or by any suitable method. Optionally, another material may replace
the solvent catalyst that has been at least partially removed from
the polycrystalline diamond. In another embodiment, optionally,
polycrystalline diamond may include nanodiamond (i.e.,
ultra-dispersed diamond), if desired. In another example, a silicon
carbide and diamond composite material as disclosed in U.S. Pat.
No. 7,060,641, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein, in
its entirety, by this reference may comprise a bearing surface.
In one embodiment, a bearing apparatus may include polycrystalline
diamond inserts or compacts defining a plurality of surfaces that
move relative to one another. Such bearing apparatuses may
encompass so-called thrust bearings, radial bearings, or other
bearing apparatuses including bearing surfaces that move in
relation to one another, without limitation. More particularly, the
present invention relates to a structure for supporting at least
one bearing element including an arcuate bearing surface (e.g.,
convex, concave, substantially cylindrical, substantially
spherical, etc.), wherein a bevel or chamfer is formed about at
least a portion of a periphery of the bearing surface.
One aspect of the present invention relates generally to bearing
apparatuses including an inner race and an outer race wherein the
inner race includes a plurality of bearing elements collectively
defining a bearing surface and wherein the outer race includes a
plurality of bearing elements collectively defining another bearing
surface. Such bearing elements may comprise a superhard material,
such as, for example, polycrystalline diamond. According to one
aspect of the present invention, a bearing element may include a
chamfer or other geometry that removes or diminishes a sharp edge
or corner at a periphery of a bearing surface of a bearing element.
Such a configuration may provide a relatively robust bearing
element for use in a bearing apparatus.
Generally, a bearing element may include a superhard table or
region which forms a bearing surface. In one embodiment, such a
bearing surface may be arcuate (substantially conical,
substantially cylindrical, substantially spherical, concave,
convex, etc.). Further, the present invention contemplates that at
least one bearing element (of the inner race, outer race, or both
the inner race and the outer race) may include a chamfer formed
about at least a portion of a periphery of the bearing surface.
Such an embodiment may provide a beneficial bearing surface
configuration.
For example, in one embodiment, a bearing element may include a
concave superhard bearing surface, wherein a chamfer is formed
about at least a portion of the periphery of the arcuate, superhard
bearing surface. For example, FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a
bearing element 10 including a superhard table 20 (e.g., comprising
polycrystalline diamond, cubic boron nitride, silicon carbide,
etc.) formed upon a substrate 24. In one particular embodiment,
superhard table 20 may comprise polycrystalline diamond. In another
embodiment, at least a portion of superhard table 20 may comprise a
silicon carbide and diamond composite material as described in U.S.
Pat. No. 7,060,641. Optionally, a chamfer 29 may be formed on a
lower edge region of the substrate 24. In addition, as shown in
FIG. 1, superhard table 20 forms bearing surface 26. As shown in
FIG. 1, bearing surface 26 may be concave. In one embodiment,
bearing surface 26 may be substantially cylindrical (i.e., forming
at least a portion of a substantially cylindrical surface). Bearing
surface 26 may be configured for contact with one or more
complementary shaped bearing surfaces. The present invention
contemplates that a chamfer 27 may be formed adjacent to at least a
portion of a periphery of bearing surface 26. Explaining further,
chamfer 27 may be formed between bearing surface 26 and side
surface 22 of superhard table 20. Particularly, in one embodiment
and as shown in FIG. 1, a chamfer 27 may be formed about
substantially the entire periphery of bearing surface 26.
Explaining further, FIG. 2 shows a top elevation view of bearing
element 10 (i.e., toward bearing surface 26). As shown in FIG. 2,
chamfer 27 surrounds bearing surface 26. Put another way, chamfer
27 may be substantially continuous about the periphery of bearing
surface 26. Such a configuration may inhibit damage to the bearing
element 10 in response to contact with a complementary shaped
bearing surface
Generally, the present invention contemplates that one or more
chamfered regions may be formed adjacent (or about) a periphery of
a bearing surface of a bearing element. For instance, in another
embodiment, a chamfer may be formed about only a selected portion
of a periphery of a bearing surface of a bearing element.
Particularly, FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a bearing element
12 generally configured as described above with respect to bearing
element 10. Particularly, bearing element 12 may include a
superhard table 20 forming a concave bearing surface 26. As shown
in FIG. 3, bearing surface 26 may be concave. In one embodiment,
bearing surface 26 may comprise a portion of a substantially
cylindrical surface. Further, chamfer 27 may be formed about at
least a portion of a periphery of bearing surface 26. In further
detail, FIG. 4 shows a top elevation view of bearing element 12,
wherein two separate chamfers 27 (or chamfered regions) are formed
about selected portions of the periphery of bearing surface 26.
Thus, as shown in FIG. 4, chamfers 27 may be only formed about a
selected portion of a periphery of bearing surface 26. Chamfers 27
may be substantially identical, substantially symmetric, or may
differ from one another, without limitation. Optionally,
substantially planar surfaces 28 may be formed by superhard table
20. Also, substrate 24 may optionally include a chamfer 29, as
shown at FIG. 3.
As discussed above, a bearing element may include an arcuate
bearing surface configured for contact with a complementary shaped
arcuate bearing surface. As one of ordinary skill in the art will
appreciate, in one example, bearing elements each including a
concave bearing surface and bearing elements each including a
convex bearing surface may be configured for contacting one
another. As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, a
generally concave bearing surface of one or more bearing elements
may be configured for contact with a generally convex bearing
surface of one or more different bearing elements. Embodiments of
bearing elements including a concave bearing surface are discussed
hereinabove.
Relative to a bearing element including a convex bearing surface,
for example, FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of one embodiment of a
bearing element 14 including a superhard table 20 (e.g., comprising
polycrystalline diamond, cubic boron nitride, silicon carbide,
etc.) formed upon a substrate 24, wherein the superhard table 20
forms a convex bearing surface 36. In one embodiment, convex
bearing surface 36 may be substantially cylindrical (i.e., may form
a portion of a substantially cylindrical surface). Further, the
present invention contemplates that a chamfer 27 may be formed
adjacent to at least a portion of a periphery of bearing surface
36. Accordingly, chamfer 27 may be formed between bearing surface
36 and side surface 22 of superhard table 20. In one embodiment and
as shown in FIG. 5, a chamfer 27 may be formed about substantially
the entire periphery of bearing surface 36. FIG. 6 shows a top
elevation view of bearing element 14 (i.e., as if viewed toward
bearing surface 36). As shown in FIG. 6, chamfer 27 surrounds
bearing surface 36. Put another way, chamfer 27 may be
substantially continuous about the periphery of bearing surface 36.
Such a configuration may inhibit damage to the bearing element 14
in response to contact with a complementary shaped bearing
surface
In another embodiment, at least one chamfer (or chamfered region)
may be formed about only a selected portion of a periphery of a
bearing surface of a bearing element. For example, FIG. 7 shows a
perspective view of a bearing element 16 generally configured as
described above with respect to bearing element 10. Particularly,
FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of a bearing element 16 including a
superhard table 20 (e.g., comprising polycrystalline diamond, cubic
boron nitride, silicon carbide, etc.) formed upon a substrate 24,
wherein the superhard table 20 forms a bearing surface 36. As shown
in FIG. 7, bearing surface 36 may be convex. In one embodiment,
bearing surface 36 may comprise a portion of a substantially
cylindrical surface. As shown in FIG. 7, chamfer 27 may be formed
about at least a portion of a periphery of bearing surface 36. In
further detail, FIG. 8 shows a top elevation view of bearing
element 16, wherein two separate chamfers 27 are formed about
selected portions of the periphery of bearing surface 36. Chamfers
27 may be substantially identical, substantially symmetric, or may
differ from one another, without limitation.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to methods of
forming a bearing element including an arcuate surface. FIGS. 9 and
10 show schematic diagrams of different methods of forming a
bearing element including an arcuate surface and a chamfer about at
least a portion of a periphery of a bearing surface of the bearing
element. FIGS. 11-13B show various features of an exemplary
superhard compact (i.e., a superhard table bonded to a substrate)
at selected stages of process actions depicted in FIGS. 9 and 10.
Thus, FIGS. 9-13B illustrate exemplary details of bearing elements
at intermediate stages of manufacture relating to methods according
to the present invention.
More specifically, FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram including
actions (not necessarily in temporal order) comprising a method 100
for forming a bearing element including an arcuate surface and a
chamfer about at least a portion of a periphery of a bearing
surface of the bearing element. As shown in FIG. 9 in action 120, a
superhard table may be provided. In one embodiment, a superhard
compact (i.e., a bearing element) comprising a superhard table
bonded to a substrate (e.g., a polycrystalline diamond compact) may
be provided. Explaining further, FIG. 11 shows a perspective view
of bearing element 8 comprising a superhard table (e.g.,
polycrystalline diamond, etc.) bonded to a substrate 24 (e.g.,
cobalt cemented tungsten carbide). As shown in FIG. 11, superhard
table 20 includes a substantially planar upper surface 7 and a side
surface 22. As mentioned above, superhard table 20 may be formed
upon substrate 24 by way of an ultra-high pressure, ultra-high
temperature process. Subsequent to sintering superhard table 20,
substantially planar upper surface 7 may be formed by lapping,
grinding, electro-discharge machining, and/or polishing.
Optionally, as shown in FIG. 11, both superhard table 20 and
substrate 24 may be substantially cylindrical. Such a configuration
may be formed by centerless grinding or any other suitable process.
In other embodiments, superhard table 20 and substrate may be
oblong, elliptical, elongated, non-cylindrical, or otherwise
shaped. As a further optional feature, a chamfer 29 may be formed
upon a lower edge of substrate 24.
Referring now to FIG. 9, method 100 may also include action 130,
which comprises forming a chamfer upon the superhard table. Thus,
as shown in FIG. 12, a chamfer 27 may be formed between side
surface 22 and upper surface 7 of superhard table 20, about a
selected portion of a periphery of upper surface 7, without
limitation. Chamfer 27 may be formed by grinding, lapping,
electro-discharge machining, combinations of the foregoing, or by
any suitable method or process, without limitation. Explaining
further, FIG. 13A shows a side cross-sectional view of the bearing
element 9 (relative to longitudinal axis 11), as shown in FIG. 12.
As shown in FIG. 13A, a chamfer 27 may be formed between upper
surface 7 and side surface 22 at a selected angle .theta.. Further,
chamfer 27 may exhibit a selected width C.sub.w, as shown in FIG.
10. In one embodiment, a thickness T of superhard table 20 may be
about 0.075 inches and chamfer 27 may be formed at an angle .theta.
of about 45.degree., and chamfer 27 may exhibit a width C.sub.w of
about 0.040 inches. More generally, in another embodiment, chamfer
27 may be formed at an angle of between 5.degree. and about
85.degree. and may exhibit a width C.sub.w of between about 0.010
inches and about 0.100 inches, without limitation. One of ordinary
skill in the art will understand that, in one embodiment, chamfer
27 may be formed in such a configuration that side surface 22 is
completely removed from at least a portion of superhard table
20.
Referring now to FIG. 9, method 100 may further include action 140,
which comprises forming an arcuate bearing surface upon the
superhard table, wherein the chamfer is adjacent at least a portion
of the periphery of the arcuate bearing surface. Thus, bearing
element 9 (FIGS. 12 and 13A) may be machined or otherwise modified
to form a bearing element including an arcuate bearing surface. For
example, bearing element 9 (FIGS. 12 and 13A) may be machined or
otherwise modified to form a bearing element according to any
embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-8. More specifically, by way of
example, an arcuate bearing surface may be formed upon superhard
table 20 of bearing element 9 by wire electro-discharge machining
(wire EDM), plunge electo-discharge machining (plunge EDM),
grinding, lapping, combinations of the foregoing, or by any other
suitable method or combination of methods, without limitation. As
discussed below, in one embodiment, a plurality of bearing
elements, at least one including a chamfer may be affixed to a race
and then an arcuate bearing surface may be formed upon each of the
plurality of bearing elements. Such a configuration may provide
ease in manufacturing and may be relatively accurate in terms of
machining tolerances.
FIG. 10 shows a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a method
102 for forming a bearing element including an arcuate surface and
a chamfer about at least a portion of a periphery of a bearing
surface of the bearing element. Action 120 includes providing a
superhard table. By way of example, in one embodiment, as shown in
FIGS. 12 and 13A, a superhard table 20 may be formed upon a
substrate 24. In a further action depicted in FIG. 10, method 102
may also comprise action 142, which comprises forming an arcuate
bearing surface upon the superhard table. As discussed above, an
arcuate bearing surface may be formed upon superhard table 20 of
bearing element 9 by wire electro-discharge machining (wire EDM),
plunge electo-discharge machining (plunge EDM), grinding, lapping,
combinations of the foregoing, or by any other suitable method or
combination of methods, without limitation. For example, bearing
element 9 (FIGS. 12 and 13A) may be machined or otherwise processed
to form a bearing element according to any embodiment shown in
FIGS. 1-8. Further, method 102 may include action 142, which
comprises forming a chamfer about at least a portion of the arcuate
bearing surface. Geometrical features of a superhard table (e.g.,
chamfer, arcuate bearing surface, etc.) may be formed by grinding,
lapping, electro-discharge machining, combinations of the
foregoing, features formed upon sintering of the superhard
material, or by any suitable method or process, without
limitation.
Thus, summarizing, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate
that a chamfer may be formed, by way of example only, prior to
forming an arcuate bearing surface, subsequent to forming an
arcuate bearing surface, or intermittently or contemporaneously
with forming an arcuate bearing surface, without limitation. One of
ordinary skill in the art will also appreciate that if a
substantially planar upper surface is formed upon a superhard
table, subsequent formation of an arcuate surface upon the
superhard table may completely remove the substantially planar
surface or a portion of the substantially planar surface may
remain. Further, forming a chamfer and/or an arcuate bearing
surface may occur subsequent to mounting or affixing a bearing
element to a race, as described hereinbelow. Such variations are
contemplated by the present invention, without limitation.
Furthermore, the present invention contemplates that forming other
geometries about a periphery of an arcuate bearing surface may be
advantageous. For example, a radius extending between a side
surface of a diamond table about at least a portion of an arcuate
bearing surface may provide clearance and inhibit damage to the
bearing element. For example, FIG. 13B shows a schematic, side
cross-sectional view of a bearing element 5 including a radius 44
extending between upper surface 7 and side surface 22. Radius 44
may exhibit a selected size and position, without limitation. Of
course, multiple chamfers, tapers, rounded features, radiuses, or
combinations or the foregoing may be employed to at least partially
remove an otherwise "sharp" corner or intersection between a side
surface of a diamond table and an arcuate surface of a bearing
element, without limitation.
A further aspect of the present invention relates to bearing
apparatuses including at least one bearing element according to the
present invention. For example, FIG. 14 shows a perspective view of
an outer race 210 comprising body 212, which defines a plurality of
recesses 214 each configured for accepting a bearing element (e.g.,
shown as bearing element 9, as described hereinabove with respect
to FIGS. 12 and 13A) positioned generally therein. For example, a
plurality of bearing elements 9 may be adhesively bonded, brazed,
welded, fastened, mechanically affixed, or otherwise affixed to the
body 212 of outer race 210 by any suitable method. As shown in FIG.
14, body 212 of outer race 210 may be configured in a generally
ring-shaped (e.g., substantially cylindrical ring, substantially
conical ring, etc.) configuration and may define an aperture within
which an inner race may be positioned. In further detail,
subsequent to affixing a plurality of bearing elements 9 within
recesses 214, respectively, arcuate bearing surfaces may be formed
upon each superhard table of each bearing element 9. For example,
each bearing element may be affixed to body 212 of outer race 210
within a respective recess 214 and then a machining process may be
performed upon bearing elements 9 to form an arcuate bearing
surface on each of bearing elements 9. Generally, as discussed
above, an arcuate bearing surface may be formed by grinding,
lapping, electro-discharge machining, combinations of the
foregoing, features formed upon sintering of the superhard
material, or by any suitable method or process, without limitation.
In one embodiment, a wire electro-discharge machining operation may
be performed by traversing a wire along a substantially cylindrical
path within the outer race to form a respective portion of a
substantially cylindrical surface upon each bearing surface of each
bearing element 9. One of ordinary skill in the art will understand
that it may be, for ease of manufacturing and for improved
tolerances, beneficial to form an arcuate bearing surface upon each
of bearing elements 9 after affixation to the outer race 210.
Further, it may be beneficial to form a concave (e.g.,
substantially cylindrical) bearing surface upon each of bearing
elements 9. In other embodiments, depending on the orientation and
configuration of the plurality of bearing elements, a bearing
surface of each bearing element affixed to the outer race 210 may
be concave, convex, or otherwise configured, without
limitation.
One of ordinary skill in the art will also understand that an
arcuate bearing surface may be formed on at least one bearing
element prior to affixation to body 212 of outer race 210. Such a
configuration may provide certain advantages in manufacturing flow
and ease. FIG. 15 shows a perspective view of outer race 210
including a plurality of, for example, bearing elements 12 each
including a concave bearing surface, each bearing element
respectively positioned within recesses 214. In another embodiment,
bearing elements 10 (FIGS. 1 and 2) may be employed. As discussed
above, bearing elements 12 may be formed prior to affixation to
body 212 or may be formed after, for example, bearing elements 9
are affixed to body 212 of outer race 210, without limitation. One
of ordinary skill in the art will understand that recesses 214 and
bearing elements 12 may be configured (e.g., sized, spaced, etc.)
to provide bearing surfaces configured for interaction with
complementary shaped bearing surfaces of a plurality of bearing
elements affixed to an inner race.
For example, FIG. 16 shows a partial exploded assembly view of
inner race 250 including one bearing element 9 generally aligned
with recess 224. Each of recesses 224 may be configured to retain a
bearing element 9 positioned therein. For example, bearing element
9 may be adhesively bonded, brazed, welded, fastened, mechanically
affixed, or otherwise affixed to the body 252 of inner race 250
generally within a recess 224. Recesses 224 may be
circumferentially spaced about the outer diameter of inner race
250. Thus, summarizing, a plurality of bearing elements 9 may be
coupled to the body 252 of inner race 250 so that each bearing
surface of the bearing elements 9 form a collective bearing surface
for a radial bearing apparatus. In one embodiment, such a
collective bearing surface may be substantially cylindrical or
substantially conical. As discussed above, an arcuate bearing
surface may be formed upon each of bearing elements 9 after
affixation to the inner race 250. An arcuate bearing surface may be
formed by grinding, lapping, electro-discharge machining,
combinations of the foregoing, features formed upon sintering of
the superhard material, or by any suitable method or process,
without limitation. In one embodiment, a wire electro-discharge
machining operation may be performed by traversing a wire along a
substantially cylindrical path about the inner race to form a
respective portion of a substantially cylindrical surface upon each
bearing surface of each bearing element 9.
One of ordinary skill in the art will also understand that an
arcuate bearing surface may be formed on at least one bearing
element prior to affixation to body 252 of inner race 250, if
desired. Further, it may be beneficial to form a convex (e.g.,
substantially cylindrical) bearing surface upon each of bearing
elements 9 affixed to inner race 250. In other embodiments,
depending on the orientation and configuration of the plurality of
bearing elements, a bearing surface may be concave, convex, or
otherwise configured, without limitation.
FIG. 17 shows a perspective view of inner race 250 including a
plurality of, for example, bearing elements 14 each including a
convex bearing surface, each bearing element 14 respectively
positioned within recesses 224. In another embodiment, bearing
elements 16 (FIGS. 7 and 8) may be employed. As discussed above,
bearing elements 14 may be formed prior to affixation to body 252
or may be formed from bearing elements 9 affixed to body 252 of
inner race 250, without limitation. One of ordinary skill in the
art will understand that recesses 224 and bearing elements 14 may
be configured (e.g., sized, spaced, etc.) to provide bearing
surfaces configured for interaction with complementary shaped
bearing surfaces of a plurality of bearing elements affixed to an
outer race.
Accordingly, the present invention contemplates that an inner race
may be positioned within the outer race and may include a bearing
surface defined by a plurality of bearing elements, wherein each of
the bearing elements has its own bearing surface. For example, FIG.
18 shows a perspective view of a radial bearing apparatus 280
including inner race 250 positioned generally within outer race
210. Outer race 210 includes a plurality of bearing elements
affixed thereto and an inner race 250 includes a plurality of
bearing elements affixed thereto, wherein the inner race 250 is
positioned generally within the outer race 210. Thus, inner race
250 and outer race 210 may be configured so that the bearing
surfaces (collectively defined by the respective plurality of
bearing elements affixed to the inner race 250 and the respective
plurality of bearing elements affixed to the outer race 210) may at
least partially contact one another.
The present invention contemplates that although the bearing
apparatus discussed above includes a plurality of bearing elements
each including a chamfer, the present invention is not so limited.
Rather, the present invention contemplates that an inner race and
an outer race may be assembled to form a bearing apparatus wherein
at least one bearing element of either the inner race or the outer
race includes a chamfer formed about at least a portion of a
periphery of its arcuate bearing surface.
Of course, such a radial bearing apparatus may be included within a
mechanical system. For instance, so-called "roller cone" rotary
drill bits may benefit from a radial bearing apparatus contemplated
by the present invention. More specifically, it may be appreciated
that an inner race may be mounted or affixed to a spindle of a
roller cone and an outer race may be affixed to an inner bore
formed within a cone and that such an outer race and inner race may
be assembled to form a radial bearing apparatus. Such a radial
bearing apparatus may be advantageous because of its ability to
withstand relatively high temperatures and its wear resistance. For
example, the present invention contemplates that a roller cone
rotary drill bit as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,738,322 to Hall,
et al., the disclosure of which is incorporated herein, in its
entirety, by this reference may include at least one superhard
bearing element or a radial bearing apparatus encompassed by the
present invention. For example, FIG. 19 shows a perspective view of
a subterranean drilling system 301 incorporating a radial bearing
apparatus according to the present invention. More specifically,
rotary drill bit 314 is shown as a so-called "roller cone" type bit
including roller cones 312. Further, roller cones 312 may comprise
a radial bearing assembly according to the present invention
wherein an inner race is positioned adjacent to a spindle and an
outer race is positioned adjacent to a surface of a roller cone
312.
As mentioned above, the bearing apparatuses disclosed above may be
incorporated into any suitable mechanical system. Any other
suitable rotary drill bit or drilling tool may include a radial
bearing apparatus according to the present invention, without
limitation.
Further, in another example, a radial bearing according to the
present invention may be included within a motor or turbine. For
example, the present invention contemplates that a roller cone
rotary drill bit as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,764,036,
4,410,054, and 4,560,014, the disclosure of each of which is
incorporated herein, in its entirety, by this reference may include
at least one superhard bearing element or a radial bearing
apparatus encompassed by the present invention. Generally, such a
downhole drilling motor assembly may be located at the end of a
series of pipe sections comprising a drill string. The housing of
downhole drilling motor assembly may remain stationary as a rotary
drill bit coupled thereto rotates. Thus, an output shaft of a
downhole drilling motor assembly may be coupled to a rotary drill
bit and drilling fluid (i.e., drilling mud) may cause torque to be
applied to the output shaft to cause a rotary drill bit to rotate.
Thus, such a downhole drilling motor or turbine assembly may
include one or more radial bearing apparatuses. Although the
apparatuses and systems described above have been discussed in the
context of subterranean drilling equipment and applications, it
should be understood that such apparatuses and systems are not
limited to such use and could be used within a bearing apparatus or
system for varied applications, if desired, without limitation.
Thus, such apparatuses and systems are not limited to use with
subterranean drilling systems and may be used with various other
mechanical systems, without limitation.
While certain embodiments and details have been included herein for
purposes of illustrating aspects of the instant disclosure, it will
be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the
systems, apparatuses, and methods disclosed herein may be made
without departing from the scope of the instant disclosure, which
is defined, in part, in the appended claims. The words "including"
and "having," as used herein including the claims, shall have the
same meaning as the word "comprising."
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