U.S. patent number 3,930,063 [Application Number 05/390,897] was granted by the patent office on 1975-12-30 for correcting for non-uniformity of a silica sol coating.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Nalco Chemical Company. Invention is credited to Richard C. Miller, Charles C. Payne.
United States Patent |
3,930,063 |
Miller , et al. |
December 30, 1975 |
Correcting for non-uniformity of a silica sol coating
Abstract
A large particle sized silica sol and a fluorescent dye are
mixed together and applied as a coating to a substrate with the
application monitored during coating by a light which renders the
fluorescent dye visible; if the coating is blotched or uneven,
corrections can be made during the run to provide a uniform
coating.
Inventors: |
Miller; Richard C. (Chicago,
IL), Payne; Charles C. (Chicago, IL) |
Assignee: |
Nalco Chemical Company (Oak
Brook, IL)
|
Family
ID: |
23544404 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/390,897 |
Filed: |
August 23, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
427/9; 106/36;
106/287.35; 252/408.1; 427/10; 427/158; 427/557; 106/31.15;
73/150R; 106/287.34; 252/301.16; 252/965; 427/8; 427/157;
427/553 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C09D
5/22 (20130101); D21H 19/40 (20130101); D21H
5/0072 (20130101); D21H 21/30 (20130101); G01N
21/91 (20130101); D21H 27/00 (20130101); Y10S
252/965 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
C09D
5/22 (20060101); D21H 21/30 (20060101); D21H
21/14 (20060101); G01N 21/91 (20060101); G01N
21/88 (20060101); B05D 003/06 (); B05B 005/00 ();
D06L 003/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;117/33.5R,169A
;73/53,15R,159 ;250/321-323 ;106/23,36,287S ;427/54,157,158 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Lusignan; Michael R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Kinzer, Plyer, Dorn &
McEachran
Claims
We claim:
1. A method of determining the uniformity of application of a
coating on a substrate and correcting for lack of uniformity
comprising:
preparing an aqueous coating mixture containing an aqueous silica
sol;
incorporating in said coating mixture a fluorescent dye which
becomes visible when irradiated with radiant energy of a
predetermined wave length;
applying said coating mixture including said fluorescent dye to a
substrate by means of an applicator;
radiating the applied coating on the substrate while it is still
wet with radiant energy of said predetermined wave length to render
the fluorescent dye visible to denote the uniformity or lack of
uniformity of the application; and
adjusting the applicator to correct for non-uniformity of coating
application.
2. A method as in claim 1 wherein said silica is about 40% of
weight of the total coating mixture and said fluorescent dye is
about 0.2% by weight of the total coating mixture.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to coating of substrates with an
antiskid material and more particularly concerns the coating of
substrates with an antiskid material in the form of a silica
aquasol, provision being made for observing the uniformity of the
coating applied to the substrate.
It is quite common in coating applications to coat a substrate
several times, often with a coating which is hard to see with human
eye. While this is a common problem with a clear coating, it is
also a problem when coatings of similar color to the substrate are
made. Often in these coating operations the applicator becomes
blocked causing a non-uniform coating to be applied and it is
necessary to quickly discover that the application is not uniform
so as to correct the applicator.
Some attempts to discover this have used an indicator spray which
is sprayed on the coating and gives a characteristic color if the
silica is present. However, these indicators have been confined to
use on special test panels of the coated substrate which are run
infrequently, usually at the start up of the coating application
and at spaced intervals to recheck. These indicator sprays cannot
be applied to a wet coating due to the solvent incompatability, so
the coated substrate must be at least partially dried before the
indicator spray is usable. These indicator sprays also form a
permanent color change which renders any sprayed coated substrate
unusable, so the test panels are usually discarded.
Accordingly it is an object of this invention to provide a
composition and method for easily observing the uniformity of
application of a silica sol coating. Another object is to provide a
means for observing the uniformity of an aqueous silica sol coating
application while the coating is still wet. An allied object is to
provide a composition and method for observing the uniformity of a
silica coating on a substrate without rendering the substrate
unusable. A related object is to develop a composition which meets
the above objects and one which does not have any adverse effects
on the antiskid coating.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the invention, a method for determining the
uniformity of application of a silica aquasol coating on a
substrate has been found which includes, preparing a liquid coating
for application to the substrate and incorporating an indicator
which becomes visible when irradiated with radiant energy of a
predetermined wave length in the liquid coating. The coating and
the indicator are then applied to the substrate and the applied
coating is irradiated with the radiant energy of the predetermined
wave length to render the indicator visible whereby any blotching
or imperfections in application are readily apparent to a worker at
an observation station. The applicator can be easily adjusted since
the worker knows exactly when the problem occurs, and the imperfect
coating on the substrate may be corrected by secondary applicators
down the line from the observation station.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent
from the following detailed description. While the invention will
be described in connection with a preferred embodiment, it will be
understood that it is not intended to limit the invention to that
embodiment. On the contrary, it is intended to cover all
alternatives, modifications and equivalents as may be included
within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the
appended claims.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The preferred form of antiskid agent is that of an aqueous silica
sol. Aqueous silica sols with particle diameters from 4 to 150 mu
can be used; however, large particle size sols are preferred due to
their excellent antiskid performance. The preferred range of
particle diameters is from 50 to 150 mu. Of course, other antiskid
compositions such as those based on aluminum oxide, other metal
oxides or coated silica sols can also be used.
A preferred fluorescent dye is that of Calcofluor White ST,
manufactured by American Cyanamid, but other fluorescent dyes can
be used. The amount of dye added to the product should be low
enough that the properties of the product and of the substrate are
not adversely affected but large enough that the dye can be seen on
a substrate with the irridiating radiation. This level depends upon
the particular dye chosen, the amount of dilution of the antiskid
product and the long term stability of the product.
An ultraviolet light is a convenient source of irradiation.
The fluorescent dye is usually applied as a solution rather than a
dry powder. It was found that very low fluorescence was observable
on the substrate at equivalent levels of fluorescent dye in the
powder form being added to the antiskid mixture. A fluorescent
brightener is optionally added to the fluorescent dye solution. A
preferred mixture is a fluorescent dye dissolved in water
containing small amounts of cellosolve and triethanolamine and a
fluorescent brightener to give a solution which contains
approximately 30% by weight fluorescent material. The cellosolve
and triethanolamine are present to facilitate the initial
dissolution of the fluorescent dye in water. A preferred brightener
is a sulfonated triazinylstilbene known as fluorescent brightener
28, Color Index No. 40622. Some of these brighteners are available
from E. I. Dupont and are known as Paper White BN, Paper White BP,
Pontamine White BT and Pontamine White BTS.
A preferred antiskid and fluorescent dye coating was prepared
consisting of approximately 40% silica concentration and a
fluorescent dye concentration of 0.7%.
EXAMPLE 1
A silica sol solution containing 50% SiO.sub.2 having a pH of 8.5,
a viscosity of 10 cps and an average particle size of 70 to 120 mu
was diluted with water to a 42% silica level, and a dye solution
containing 30% Calcofluor White ST dissolved in water containing
small amounts of cellosolve and triethanolamine was added with an
appropriate amount of water to give a final 40% silica level to the
application mixture, and mixed. The final concentration of
Calcofluor White ST was 0.7% with approximately 0.2% by weight
active fluorescent material. It is usually necessary to mix the
fluorescent dye with the water prior to addition to the silica sol
in order to prevent formation of gel particles, but accelerated
aging tests showed a stability of the mixture of greater than one
year.
The mixture of Example 1 was applied to a cellulosic substrate by
application means such as a sponge, felt, roller, knife edge or
sprayer. An operator can irradiate the coated substrate with
ultraviolet light to determine if the applicator is working
properly and applying a uniform coating to the entire substrate.
Adjustments can be made on the applicator while the machine is
running in order to correct any non-uniformity of application.
Antiskid tests were carried out on kraft wrapping paper coated with
the above mixture containing a fluorescent dye and also the above
mixture without a fluorescent dye. The slide angle was not
adversely affected by the dye. Not only were completely uncoated
areas easily observable, but also differences in thickness of the
application were apparent from the intensity of the
fluorescence.
When the prior art indicator sprays were used to check the coating
levels, no difference was observed in the color and intensity of
the separate indicator whether or not the coating contained a
fluorescent dye. However, ultraviolet illumination of the substrate
was capable of detecting the coating of antiskid agent at higher
dilutions where the reaction of the indicator spray failed but the
fluorescence was still present.
Thus, it is apparent that there has been provided, in accordance
with the invention, a coating that fully satisfies the objects,
aims, and advantages set forth above. While the invention has been
described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, it is
evident that many alternatives, modifications, and variations will
be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing
description. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such
alternatives, modifications, and variations as fall within the
spirit and broad scope of the appended claims.
* * * * *