U.S. patent number 3,926,326 [Application Number 05/479,463] was granted by the patent office on 1975-12-16 for safety closure.
Invention is credited to Hermann Grau.
United States Patent |
3,926,326 |
Grau |
December 16, 1975 |
Safety closure
Abstract
A safety closure for containers comprising an inner and an outer
cap which can be screwed on a neck of the container, with the
safety closure being positively mounted on the container neck by
solely rotating the outer cap in a first direction, and being
dismounted by simultaneously depressing and rotating the outer cap
in the opposite direction. A coupling structure is provided with
both caps including at least two interengageable stops for
positively coupling the outer cap to the inner cap during rotation
in the first direction.
Inventors: |
Grau; Hermann (7071 Lindach,
DT) |
Family
ID: |
27183320 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/479,463 |
Filed: |
June 14, 1974 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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239565 |
Mar 30, 1972 |
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Foreign Application Priority Data
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Mar 31, 1971 [DT] |
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2115741 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
215/218 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
50/041 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
50/00 (20060101); B65D 50/04 (20060101); B65D
055/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;215/9,219,218,220,258 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Hall; George T.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Greigg; Edwin E.
Parent Case Text
This is a continuation, of application Ser. No. 239,565, filed Mar.
30, 1972.
Claims
That which is claimed is:
1. A safety closure for containers, comprising an outer cap as a
first closure element and an inner cap as a second closure element,
for sealing the opening of a container neck, said outer cap being
arranged to substantially concentrically encompass the inner cap
and further being capable of relative rotary and axial movement
with respect to the inner cap, the inner part of the inner cap and
the outer part of the container neck being provided with means for
mounting the inner cap onto the container neck by relative rotation
therebetween in a first direction and for dismounting by relative
rotation therebetween in the opposite direction, one of said
closure elements having at least one flexible cantilever arm
integral therewith and having a free end contacting the other
closure member, the outer and inner caps being provided with first
coupling means being engageable by an axial approach of both
closure elements against the biasing effect of said at least one
flexible arm, and unidirectional second coupling means on the outer
and inner caps adapted for positively coupling the outer cap to the
inner cap when being rotated in said first direction for sealing
the container neck and permitting continuous relative rotation of
the outer cap with respect to the inner cap when being rotated in
the opposite direction, said second coupling means comprising at
least two interengaging stop means for coupling the inner cap to
the outer cap when the latter is rotated in said first direction,
one of said stop means being provided at the free end of said at
least one flexible arm, said flexible arm, said flexible arm also
including inclined ramp means slidingly engageable with said stop
means for preventing coupling when the outer cap is rotated in the
opposite direction.
2. A safety closure as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first and
second coupling means are arranged at least nearby the
circumference of the closure elements.
3. A safety closure as claimed in claim 1, wherein said flexible
arm also provides said spring element.
4. A safeby closure as claimed in claim 3, wherein each of the
outer and inner caps has a top wall portion, and for providing said
unidirectional second coupling means, upon the surfaces of the top
wall portions facing each other, at least one flexible cantilever
arm extending substantially in the direction of the circumference
of the caps is formed integral with one of the top wall portions,
whereas at least one of said stop means is a projection engaging
the free end of the arm and is integral with the other top wall
portion.
5. A safety closure as claimed in claim 4, wherein for dismounting
the inner cap wall portion carrying the flexible arm is provided
with at least one further projection for engaging the projection of
the other top wall portion.
6. A safety closure as claimed in claim 5, wherein said projections
have the form of cams.
7. A safety closure for containers, comprising an outer cap as a
first closure element and an inner cap as a second closure element,
for sealing the opening of a container neck, said outer cap being
arranged to substantially concentrically encompass the inner cap
and further being capable of relative rotary and axial movement
with respect to the inner cap, the inner part of the inner cap and
the outer part of the container neck being provided with means for
mounting the inner cap onto the container neck by relative rotation
therebetween in a first direction and for dismounting by relative
rotation therebetween in the opposite direction, one of said
closure elements having at least one flexible cantilever arm
integral therewith and having an edge contacting the other closure
member, the outer and inner caps being provided with first coupling
means being engageable by an axial approach of both closure
elements against the biasing effect of said at least one flexible
arm, and undirectional second coupling means on the outer and inner
caps adapted for positively coupling the outer cap to the inner cap
when being rotated in said first direction for sealing the
container neck and permitting continuous relative rotation of the
outer cap with respect to the inner cap when being rotated in the
opposite direction, said second coupling means comprising at least
two interengaging stop means for coupling the inner cap to the
outer cap when the latter is rotated in said first direction, one
of said stop means being provided by said edge of said at least one
flexible arm, said flexible arm also including inclined ramp means
slidingly engageable with said stop means for preventing coupling
when the outer cap is rotated in the opposite direction.
8. A safety closure for containers, comprising an outer cap as a
first closure element and an inner cap as a second closure element,
for sealing the opening of a container neck, both said caps being
provided with skirts with the skirt of the outer cap encompassing
the skirt of the inner cap, said outer cap being arranged to
substantially concentrically encompass the inner cap and further
being capable of relative rotary and axial movement with respect to
the inner cap, the inner part of the inner cap and the outer part
of the container neck being provided with means for mounting the
inner cap onto the container neck by relative rotation therebetween
in a first direction and for dismounting by relative rotation
therebetween in the opposite direction, one of said closure
elements having at least one flexible centilever arm in the form of
a flexible reed integral therwith and projecting therefrom and
having a free end contacting the other closure element and
extending into a recess in the skirt of said other closure element,
the outer and inner caps being provided with first coupling means
being arranged at least nearby the circumference of the closure
elements and engageable by an axial approach of both closure
elements against the biasing effect of said at least one flexible
arm, and unidirectional second coupling means on the outer and
inner caps being arranged at least nearby the circumference of the
closure elements and adapted for positively coupling the outer cap
to the inner cap when being rotated in said first direction for
sealing the container neck and permitting continuous relative
rotation of the outer cap with respect to the inner cap when being
rotated in the opposite direction, said second coupling means
comprising at least two inter-engaging stop means for coupling the
inner cap to the outer cap when the latter is rotated in said first
direction, one of said stop means being provided at the free end of
said at least one flexible arm, said flexible arm also including
inclined ramp means slidingly engageable with said stop means for
preventing coupling when the outer cap is rotated in the opposite
direction.
9. A safety closure for containers, comprising an outer cap as a
first closure element and an inner cap as a second closure element,
for sealing the opening of a container neck, the container neck
having a shoulder and the inner cap having a frangible
circumferential ring projecting under the shoulder on the container
neck, said outer cap being arranged to substantially concentrically
encompass the inner cap and further being capable of relative
rotary and axial movement with respect to the inner cap, the inner
part of the inner cap and the outer part of the container neck
being provided with means for mounting the inner cap onto the
container neck by relatve rotation therebetween in a first
direction and for dismounting by relative rotation therebetween in
the opposite direction, one of said closure elements having at
least one flexible cantilever arm integral therewith and having a
free end contacting the other closure member, the outer and inner
caps being provided with first coupling means being engageable by
an axial approach of both closure elements against the biasing
effect of said at least one flexible arm, and unidirectional second
coupling means on the outer and inner caps adapted to positively
coupling the outer cap to the inner cap when being rotated in said
first direction for sealing the container neck and permitting
continuous relative rotation of the outer cap with respect to the
inner cap when being rotated in the opposite direction, said second
coupling means comprising at least two interengaging stop means for
coupling the inner cap to the outer cap when the latter is rotated
in said first direction, one of said stop means being provided at
the free end of said at least one flexible arm, said flexible arm
also including inclined ramp means slidingly engageable with said
stop means for preventing coupling when the outer cap is rotated in
the opposite direction.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a safety closure for containers and
especially for bottles with a threaded neck containing medicines,
pills or other potentially dangerous substances, where it is
desireable to prevent access thereto by small children.
In a known safety closure of this kind where superimposed caps are
utilized, such that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,374,912, a cam is
attached to the circumferential region of the inside bottom surface
of the outside cap and a cooperating wedge as well as an adjacent
notch are provided on the top of the inside cap. Further, in the
middle of the top of the inside cap two spring arms are provided
which maintain the confronting surfaces of the two caps spaced away
from each other so that the dependent cam of the outside cap can
rest against the shoulder formed by the wedge but cannot engage in
the notch. Now, if the outside cap under its own weight rests upon
the spring arms, which is the case only when we have at least
almost upright containers, then the safety closure can be secured
upon the container without any need for overcoming the force of the
spring arms through axial pressure upon the outside cap. Any
unintentional or undesired opening of the lock is prevented in the
following manner: During rotation in the opposite direction, the
cam can slide up on the wedge and thus the outside cap cannot pick
up and take along the inside cap, if the outside cap is not pressed
axially toward the inside cap against the action of the spring arms
so that the cam will engage the previously mentioned notch and thus
couple the two caps firmly together so that they cannot rotate
relative to each other. This known safety closure involves two
disadvantages: First of all, without pressing down on the outside
cap, one cannot be sure that the inside cap will be moved along
during the locking of a container if this container does not stand
upright; and, furthermore, the spring arms are positioned in the
middle of the inside cap so that this lock is not suitable for
medication bottles which have a so-called dropper insert because
the latter requires a conical or cone-shaped design for the central
areas of the caps. Likewise, it is rather unpleasing in a screw
closure when the two caps rest upon each other so loosely that they
are inclined to rattle.
Another known safety closure or safety lock exemplified by U.S.
Pat. No. 3,472,411, which also includes an inside and an outside
cap having complementally formed portions, operates in the
following manner. The bottom of the outside cap has a series of
hemispherical protrusions which engage complementally formed
depressions provided on top of the inside cap which constitute a
coupling means for operation of the lock and which, because of the
outwardly bulging elastic top of the outer cap, are normally not
engaged. To form the one-way coupling between the outside and the
inside cap, which is used to secure the cap assembly to a bottle,
the confronting surfaces adjacent to the circumferential walls of
each of the inner and outer caps are provided with ramp like
surfaces. Now, in order to obtain the effect of a one-way coupling,
the outside and inside cap in this known lock must be held within
each other with axial leeway otherwise the simple turning of the
outside cap could enable one to open a lock in spite of the
wedge-shape design of the coupling parts without any need for
pressing into the elastic top portion of the outside cap for this
purpose.
Consequently, it is seen that in this known safety closure, when
the outside cap is turned in the direction of locking, it is not
necessary in the coupled state; instead, the one-way coupling is
only engaged if the outside cap rests upon the inside cap of its
own weight or if the operator presses the outside cap downwardly
upon the inside cap. The disadvantages of the first-described known
lock thus also are present here to the same extent.
Finally, various safety locks are known whose outside and inside
caps are kept apart from each other at an axial interval by means
of a separate ring which lies between them and which has integral
elastic tongues. These locks involve the disadvantage that they
cannot be assembled automatically due to the separate ring because
such parts cannot be sorted automatically.
OBJECTS, SUMMARY AND ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION
The principal object of the present invention is to provide the
existing state of the art with a safety lock of the kind mentioned
earlier herein which can be assembled automatically and which is
designed such that the two locking parts need not be held within
each other with leeway and especially not with axial leeway and
that at the same time one can be sure that the lock, during
rotation in one direction, will always lock, that is, especially
that it will be screwed securely upon the container independent of
its position. It is, however, quite natural and contemplated that
this kind of lock can be designed not just as a screw lock but, for
example, as a bayonet lock or the like. This and other objects are
accomplished according to the present invention by the provision
that one of the bosses of the one-way coupling is constituted by
the free end of an elastic tongue. Because of the elastic property
of this boss, there is no axial leeway necessary between the two
locking parts and this is the prerequisite for making sure that the
internal locking part will be picked up and moved along when the
lock is screwed shut.
Now, one of the parts of the one-way coupling is made in the form
of a spring and this is why the invention also creates the
prerequisite for holding the middle of the locking parts free of
functional elements, so that, in one advantageous form of the
invention, the coupling parts and the tongue can all be arranged in
proximity of or at the circumference of the locking parts. The
elastic tongues which, in the known lock just described, are
provided in the middle of that lock, can be omitted because the
elastic tongue -- which is arranged along the periphery of the lock
-- can take over their function of disengaging the coupling for the
purpose of opening the lock.
The lock according to the invention is thus also suitable for
medication bottles with a dropper insert.
It is also conceivable, in the lock according to the invention, to
place the coupling for the opening of the lock and/or the one-way
coupling entirely into the circumferential walls of the caps and/or
to separate the two couplings entirely from each other. For
example, the coupling provided for the opening of the lock could be
designed as described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,260,393 and
3,343,697. The one-way coupling may be formed on the
circumferential wall of the caps when one cap is formed with an
outwardly projecting elastic tongue which may extend into a recess
in the circumferential wall of the other cap. On the other hand,
the coupling means, which serves to assure opening of the lock,
could also be positioned in the circumferential walls of the cap.
In such an arrangement there is provided, in one cap, a slit of
limited length, which extends in an axial direction and is arranged
to engage one cam of the circumferential wall of the other cap, if
the two caps are moved toward each other in an axial direction.
In order not to have to provide an unnecessarily large number of
cams or the like upon the locking part for these two couplings, it
is recommended, for the purpose of constituting the one-way
coupling, to form, in proximity of the circumference of the locking
parts and on the opposed cap surfaces of at least one locking part,
one elastic tongue running roughly tangentially to the
circumference and to provide on the other locking part at least one
cam. Furthermore, for the purpose of forming the coupling for the
opening of the lock, it is also contemplated to provide, at the
locking part carrying the tongue, at least one cam which will
cooperate with the cam of the other locking part.
Further objects and advantages will become more apparent from a
reading of the following specification taken in conjunction with
the drawing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross section through a first embodiment
of the lock according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross section along line 2--2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross section through parts of the circumferential
walls of two caps, and taken in the direction of line 3--3 of FIG.
1 the two caps together, constituting a further embodiment of the
invention whereby FIG. 3 shows the one-way coupling;
FIG. 4 is a cross section, corresponding to FIG. 3, but taken in
the direction of line 4--4 of FIG. 1 showing still another
embodiment of this invention; and
FIG. 5 is a side view of a fourth embodiment of the invention which
reveals the coupling for the opening of the lock.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In the preferred embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 1 and
2, an inside cap 12 -- over which is gripped an outside cap 14 --
is screwed upon the neck 10 of a bottle. Together, the two caps
form the lock according to the invention and they are connected
with each other so that they cannot be lost; for this purpose the
outside cap includes on the inside of its circumferential wall 16 a
groove 18 into which engages an annular collar 22 which is formed
on the outside of the circumferential wall 20 of the inside cap 12.
This annular collar has a chamfered edge portion 22a, as shown, so
that the two caps, during the assembly of the lock according to the
invention, can easily be pushed together, this action slightly
widening the lower portion of the outside cap, until the annular
collar 22 snaps into the groove 18.
During manufacture of the inner cap 12, at least two integral
elastic tongues 26 are formed upon the top wall 24 thereof and
these tongues are arranged to cooperate with the cams 32 which are
formed upon the inside wall 30 of the inside cap 14. It is worth
mentioning here that the tongues 26 extend obliquely upward and
roughly parallel to one circumferential tangent of the
circumferential wall 20. Finally, two integral cams 36, which are
formed on the part 24 of the inside cap, are arranged to cooperate
with cams 32 provided on the outer cap.
For locking the assembly of the respective caps with a neck 10 of a
bottle, there is included on the terminal portion of the inner cap
12 a snap ring 40 which is connected with the circumferential wall
20 of the inner cap by means of thin frangible bars 42 for a reason
that will become apparent later.
The numbers 50 and 52, respectively, refer to the threading on the
bottle neck 10 as well as those on the inside cap 12.
If the outside cap 14, looking at it from above, is turned in a
clockwise direction, then its cams 32 will come into engagement
with the free offstanding edges of the slightly prestressed elastic
tongues 26, so that the inside cap 12 will necessarily be moved
along with the outer cap and thereby be screwed tightly upon the
bottle neck 10. The lock, however, is secured against being
unscrewed unintentionally, for example, by a child, because, in
case of rotation of the outside cap 14 in a counterclockwise
direction, the cams 32 will slide up over the tongues 26 and will
press them downwardly out of the way so that there will be no
torsionproof connection between the two caps 12, 14. Only by
pressing the outside cap downwardly against the inside cap 12,
contrary to the action of the elastic tongues 26, do the cams 32
project into the path of the cams 36 of the inside cap 12 so that
the lock can be screwed off the bottle neck 10 by means of rotation
in a counterclockwise direction.
When the lock according to the invention is attached to the neck 10
of a bottle for the first time, the terminal portion 40 of cap 12
is caused to conform to the shoulder 44 by means of a suitable
tool, for example, a heated ring. Such a tool is particularly
appropriate if the two caps 12, 14 are comprised of a thermoplastic
synthetic material. If, after initial application, the cap assembly
is to be removed from the bottle for the first time, the frangible
bars 42 will break when the top cap is rotated. Therefore, the
inventive lock can be designed as a tamperproof closure.
For simplifying the tools, it is entirely possible to provide --
instead of cams 36 -- shaped steps at the foot of tongues 26. It is
also conceivable under certain circumstances to provide three
resilient tongues on the inner cap instead of two tongues in order
to prevent tipping of the two caps relative to each other. It is
further conceivable that one could reverse the arrangement of the
elastic tongues and the cams, that is to say, one might attach each
of these elements to the opposite cap rather than in the manner
shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
In the sense of the description initially provided, the cams 32, 36
thus form the coupling for opening the lock according to the
invention, while cams 32 and tongues 26 constitute the one-way
coupling.
In the embodiment of the invention to FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively,
the circumferential walls of the outside caps are designated with
16a and 20a, and those of the inside caps are designated 16b and
20b. The coupling for dismounting of the lock is not shown and may
have the design illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2; but, it can also be
designed as shown, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,260,393 or as
proposed in German Utility Model No. 7,018,433.
In the two examples according to FIGS. 3 and 4, the one-way
coupling is constituted by an elastic tongue on resilient reed 26a
or 26b provided on one or the other of the circumferential walls
skirts of the caps with the tongue being arranged to cooperate with
a corresponding recess 50a or 50b, as shown in these respective
views. Thus, it is believed that it will be apparent from each of
these views that the inside cap will also be rotated when the
outside cap is rotated in a clockwise direction, (direction A)
while, however, the inside cap will not be coupled with the outside
cap if the outer cap is rotated in the opposite direction.
FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of a coupling for opening the lock
which simply consists of an offstanding pin 60 integral with the
inside cap 12c and a cooperating detent or slit 62 adjacent to the
terminal edge of outside cap 14c. The one-way coupling again can be
designed as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. By pressing the outside cap
downwardly as explained earlier herein against the action of the
elastic tongues 26, the pin 60 will engage the slit 62 so that the
two caps are then connected with each other so that the lock can be
opened.
Preference here is given to a design according to FIGS. 1 and 2
because the caps are closed there and particularly because children
cannot recognize the coupling mechanism.
* * * * *