U.S. patent number 3,795,338 [Application Number 05/273,177] was granted by the patent office on 1974-03-05 for ratchet drive child-resistant closure.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Owens-Illinois, Inc.. Invention is credited to Peter T. Swartzbaugh, Richard C. Williams.
United States Patent |
3,795,338 |
Swartzbaugh , et
al. |
March 5, 1974 |
RATCHET DRIVE CHILD-RESISTANT CLOSURE
Abstract
A child-resistant, two-piece closure which may be attached to a
container by conventional capping machines. An inner member is
formed with a circular top panel having a depending skirt
integrally molded therewith. The depending skirt is threaded on its
inner surface for engagement with a conventional threaded container
finish. The exterior surface of the depending skirt has a plurality
of splines about its entire circumference. A plurality of vertical
lugs project from and are integrally molded with the top panel. An
outer member is likewise formed with a circular top panel and a
depending skirt. Integrally formed with the interior of the outer
member top panel are a plurality of downwardly extending leaf
spring members. The inner surface of the outer member depending
skirt has integrally molded therein a plurality of splines
extending about its entire circumference. The two members are
assembled by pressing the inner member over a retention bead formed
in the interior of the lower portion of the outer member depending
skirt. The leaf spring members are inclined from the horizontal and
will drivingly engage the vertical lugs to allow the assembled
closure to be put on a container. However, the leaf spring members
will slip over the lugs if one attempts to remove the closure, thus
allowing the outer member to rotate freely with respect to the
inner member. To remove the closure, the outer member must be
pressed down, overcoming the bias of the leaf spring members, to
bring the splines of the inner and outer members into driving
inter-engagement.
Inventors: |
Swartzbaugh; Peter T.
(Evansville, IN), Williams; Richard C. (Toledo, OH) |
Assignee: |
Owens-Illinois, Inc. (Toledo,
OH)
|
Family
ID: |
23042831 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/273,177 |
Filed: |
July 19, 1972 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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181797 |
Sep 20, 1971 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
215/220; 215/301;
215/219 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
50/041 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
50/00 (20060101); B65D 50/04 (20060101); B65d
043/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;215/9,43A |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Hall; George T.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: McLary; Steve M. Holler; E. J.
Parent Case Text
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a Continuation-in-Part of co-pending
application, Ser. No. 181,797, filed Sept. 20, 1971, now abandoned.
Claims
1. A child-resistant closure comprising, in combination: an inner
threaded member adapted to be screwed onto a threaded container
neck, an outer member loosely encompassing said inner member in
detachable interengagement, said inner and outer members being
capable of relative rotary and axial sliding movement, internal
splines formed on said outer member, external splines formed on
said inner member, said splines being engageable in one position of
axial displacement of said inner and outer members and disengaged
in a second axial position of said members, lug means formed on one
of said members and interposed said members, a plurality of
inclined leaf spring members interposed said inner and outer
members in the path of travel of said lug means to maintain said
inner and outer members in said second axial position and drive
said inner and outer members as a unit in the tightening direction
but slip over said lug means freely in the untightening direction
to prevent unscrewing of said inner member, and means for loosely
retaining said inner member within said
2. The closure of claim 1, wherein said lug means comprises at
least two vertically upwardly extending projections integrally
molded on the
3. The closure of claim 1, wherein said leaf spring members
comprise at least two downwardly extending flexible tabs integrally
molded on the
4. The closure of claim 1, wherein said inner and outer members are
formed
5. The closure of claim 1, wherein said means for loosely retaining
said inner member comprises an outwardly extending first
circumferential bead integrally formed on the exterior of the lower
portion of said inner member and an inwardly extending second
circumferential bead of a diameter less that the diameter of said
first circumferential bead integrally
6. The closure of claim 1, wherein at least one of said sets of
internal and external splines is closed on the end opposite said
other set of splines for limiting the axial movement between said
inner and outer
7. The closure of claim 1, further including a vertically extending
ring wall integrally formed with the periphery of the exterior of
the upper
8. The closure of claim 1, wherein said lug means comprises at
least two inclined ratchet lugs integrally molded on the exterior
of the upper surface of said inner member, each of said inclined
ratchet lugs comprising, a ramp portion inclined upward in the
direction in which said inner member would be unscrewed from said
container, and a vertical wall portion joined to the upper terminus
of said ramp portion and integrally molded on the exterior of the
upper surface of said inner member.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to closure for containers. More
specifically, this invention relates to a child-resistant safety
closure. Most particularly, this invention relates to a
child-resistant safety closure which may be applied with
conventional capping machinery.
Two-piece safety closures of the type herein disclosed are known in
the art; however, they have not been widely accepted because of the
requirement that special capping equipment be used to apply the cap
to the finish of a container. That is, such closures required
manipulation for both application and removal. An example of such a
closure is that taught by U.S. Pat. No. 3,964,207. A copending
application, U.S. Ser. No. 86,672, filed Nov. 4, 1970, having an
assignee in common with the present invention discloses a two-piece
safety closure in which an overcap may be positioned after an inner
cap has sealed the container. However, this is stil a two-step
process. The present invention allows the assembled safety closure
to be placed on a container using conventional equipment. In
addition, closures of the prior art called for a tight fit between
the inner and outer members. In such closures, the safety feature
could be circumvented by squeezing the outer member to make
friction contact with the inner member. The two members of the
present invention fit quite loosely within one another to prevent
such a failure of the safety feature. Finally, the safety locking
feature of the present invention may be completely removed to allow
use of the inner member as a conventional screw cap. The safety
feature of this closure is designed to protect children of tender
years. However, the product using such a closure may be sold to a
childless household in which such a feature is an annoyance. The
elderly, in particular, often find the manipulations required to
open the container bothersome. Thus, an adult may remove the outer
member of the present invention to obtain a standard screw cap on
the bottle; however, the action necessary for removal is beyond the
ability of the child whose welfare is protected by the safety
feature of the closure.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention is directed to a child-resistant closure which may
be placed on container using conventional capping machinery. An
inner closure member is threaded to engage a standard screw finish.
The inner member is snapped into an outer member and held loosely
in place with relative axial and rotational movement possible
between the two members. A plurality of leaf springs hold the two
members in a preset axial relationship. The completed closure may
be screwed onto a container, the leaf springs engaging a plurality
of lug means to allow the inner and outer members to turn as a
unit. However, in the reverse of unscrewing direction, the leaf
springs slip over the lug means and the outer member turns freely
relative to the threaded inner member. Thus, the container may not
be opened. To open the container, the outer member is pressed
downward to overcome the bias of the leaf springs. This motion
engages splines formed on both the inner and outer members. This
engagement allows the outer member to be turned so as to thereby
unscrew the inner member.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side, elevational view, partially cut away, of the
outer cap member of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a side, elevational view, partially cut away, of the
inner cap member of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the interior of the outer cap member of
the invention;
FIG. 4 is a top, plan view of the inner member of the
invention;
FIG. 5 is a side, elevational view, partially cut away, showing the
inner and outer members assembled;
FIG. 6 is a side, elevational view, partially cut away, showing the
inner and outer members in engagement to be removed from a
container.
FIG. 7 is a side, elevational view, partially cut away, of a
modification of the inner cap member shown in FIG. 2; and
FIG. 8 is a top, plan view of the modified inner cap member shown
in FIG. 7 .
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The closure of the present invention encompasses two components; an
outer cap member 10, shown in FIG. 1, and an inner cap member 12,
shown in FIG. 2. With reference to FIG. 1, the outer member 10 is
formed from a circular top panel 14 integrally molded with a
depending skirt 16. Molded into the underside of the top panel 14
and extending into the interior of the outer member 10 are a
plurality of inclined leaf spring members 18, 19, 20 and 21, best
seen in FIG. 3. The preferred embodiment shown illustrates four
leaf spring members 18, 19, 20 and 21, but as few as two members
will operate satisfactorily and more than four members may be
employed if desired.
The leaf spring members 18, 19, 20 and 21, in this preferred
embodiment, take the form of inclined tabs integrally molded with
the underside of the top panel 14. The leaf spring members 18, 19,
20 and 21 are inclined at an angle of about 45.degree. with respect
to the vertical axis of the outer member 10. However, the angle of
inclination may be varied so long as a ratcheting function to be
described later may be properly performed by the leaf spring
members 18, 19, 20 and 21.
Molded into the interior of the depending skirt 16 are a plurality
of splines 22. The splines 22 are located in approximately the
upper third of the outer member 10 and are open downwardly with
their upper portions being closed to limit any engagement with the
splines 22 to a particular preset amount. A retention bead 24 is
molded into the interior wall of the depending skirt 16 near the
lower portion of the depending skirt 16. The retention bead 24 is
continuous about the entire circumference of the depending skirt
16. The outer cap member 10 may be manufactured of any material
sufficiently resilient to provide the necessary spring quality for
the integrally molded spring members 18, 19, 20 and 21. Materials
which have proven successful for this purpose are polyethylene and
polypropylene.
Turning now to FIG. 2, the inner cap member 12 is also formed as an
integral unit having a circular top panel 26 and a depending skirt
28. The interior of the depending skirt 28 is provided with threads
30 for engagement with the finish portion of a conventional
container. Arrayed about the entire exterior circumference of the
depending skirt 28 are a plurality of splines 32 which open
upwardly and are closed on their lower portion to limit the amount
of engagement with the splines 22. It should be clear that the
splines 22 and 32 need not be continuous, but could be made up of a
series of separated groups. In addition, only one of the sets of
splines 22 and 32 must be closed on its end to limit engagement.
However, closing the ends of both sets of splines 22 and 32 has
proven to provide the most satisfactory results. Projecting
vertically upward from the top panel 26 is a lug means functioning
as a ratchet lug. As best seen in FIG. 4, this preferred embodiment
utilizes four eliptically shaped vertically extending ratchet lugs
34, 35, 36 and 37.While this 37. While embodiment utilizes four
ratchet lugs 34, 35, 36 and 37, as few as two ratchet lugs would
operate satisfactorily. Furthermore, the ratchet function may be
achieved by the use of a single elongated lug extending
diametrically across the center of the top panel 26. In addition,
the specific shape of the ratchet lugs is not critical so long as
the ratcheting function to be described later may be properly
performed. A retention bead 38 is molded in the exterior surface of
the depending skirt 28 adjacent the lower extremity of the
depending skirt 28. The retention bead 38 extends about the entire
circumference of the depending skirt 28 and is of a diameter
greater than that of the retention bead 24 formed in the depending
skirt 16 of the outer cap member 10. It may be seen that the inner
cap member 12 is an independent closure for a container in itself.
The inner member 12 may be made of any suitable material and need
not necessarily be made of the same material as the outer cap
member 10. For example, the inner cap member 12 may be made of
metal or may be made of a plastic material similar to that used for
the manufacture of the outer cap member 10.
Turning now to FIG. 5, the assembly of the outer cap member 10 and
the inner member 12 to form a child-resistant closure of the
invention is shown partially cut away. To assemble the completed
closure, the retention bead 38 is forced over the retention bead
24, in the process causing the depending skirt 16 to spring
outwardly slightly. Once the larger diameter retention bead 38 has
passed over the retention bead 24, the depending skirt 16 springs
back inwardly trapping the inner cap member 12 within the outer cap
member 10. As can be readily seen from FIG. 5, the fit between the
outer member 10 and the inner member 12 is not tight. There is an
appreciable gap between the interior of the depending skirt 16 and
the exterior of the depending skirt 28. Thus the inner cap member
12 may both rotate and axially slide within the outer cap member
10. In addition, the outer cap member 10 may be pried off of the
inner cap member 12 by a force applied under the edge of the outer
cap member 10 to spring the retention bead 24 away from the
retention bead 38 and allow the outer cap member 10 to be removed
from the inner cap member 12. This process may be done while the
completed two-piece closure unit is in place on a container. The
procedure is not an extremely simple one making it unlikely that a
child would be able to disassemble the completed closure, thus
retaining its child-resistant features. However, an adult for whom
the child-resistant feature, to be discussed later, would prove an
annoyance may remove the outer member 10, thereby providing a
simple screw-type closure on the container in the form of the inner
cap member 12. As seen in FIG. 5, the leaf spring member 20 is in
driving engagement with a ratchet lug 34. Similarly, although not
seen in this view, the other leaf spring members 18, 19 and 21 are
in engagement with the other ratchet lug members 35, 36 and 37.
Thus the completed closure as shown in FIG. 5 may be screwed onto
the finish of a container since rotation of the outer cap member 10
will cause the leaf spring members 18, 19, 20 and 21 to drivingly
engage the ratchet lugs 34, 35, 36 and 37 and consequently turn the
outer member 10 and inner member 12 as a unit in the tightening
direction. Conversely, it may be seen that if the outer member 10
were rotated in the opposite direction, the leaf spring 20 would
slip over the next ratchet lug 36. It is clear that these two
functions provide a well known one-way ratchet drive for the inner
cap member 12. Thus the outer member 10 would rotate freely with
respect to the inner member 12 in the loosening direction. It is
this feature which makes the combined closure child-resistant,
since it is impossible to unscrew the combined closure without an
additional motion. Furthermore, the gap between the depending skirt
16 and the depending skirt 28 makes it unlikely that a child could
compress the outer member 10 by squeezing it against the inner
member 12 sufficiently to be able to unscrew the inner member 12
from the finish of the container. Many closures of this type in the
prior art provided at tight engagement between the two components
of the closure, thus making it possible to squeeze the outer member
against the inner member and obtain a driving engagement, thereby
by-passing the child-resistant features of the closure. It will be
noted also in FIG. 5, that the upper splines 22 in the outer cap
member 10 are not engaged with the lower splines 32 in the inner
cap member 12.
To remove the combined closure from a container, the outer cap
member 10 must be compressed downwardly over the inner cap member
12 as shown in FIG. 6. The leaf spring members 18, 19, 20 and 21
serve to normally keep the outer member 10 and the inner member 12
in the relationship shown in FIG. 5, in which configuration removal
of the closure from the container is impossible. However, utilizing
the spring function of the leaf springs 18, 19, 20 and 21, the
outer cap member 10 may be pressed downwardly over the inner cap
member 12. The downward displacement of the outer cap member 10
brings the splines 22 into inter-engagement with the spaces between
these splines 32. Conversely, the splines 32 are inter-engaged with
the spaces between the splines 22. Since both sets of splines are
closed on one end, the degree of engagement of the two sets of
splines 22 and 32 is limited, thereby preventing overflexing of the
leaf spring member 18, 19, 20 and 21. With the splines 22 and 32 so
inter-engaged, the outer cap member 10 may be rotated and the inner
cap member 12 will rotate with it as a unit through the driving
engagement of the splines 22 and 32, thus making removal of the
closure from the container finish possible in this configuration.
Once the combined closure is removed from the container and the
downward pressure on the outer cap member 10 is released, the
combined closure will spring back to the configuration shown in
FIG. 5 under the influence of the leaf springs 18, 19, 20 and 21,
thereby placing the closure in a configuration suitable for
reapplication. The user may then screw the closure back onto the
container utilizing the driving engagement of the leaf springs 18,
19, 20 and 21 and the ratchet lugs 34, 35, 36 and 37. Once back on
the container, the combined closure may not be removed again
without the downward compression of the outer cap member 10 over
the inner cap member 12. It has been found that when a child
attempts to remove the assembled closure from a container without
pressing downward on the outer cap member 10, an audible warning
sound is produced. That is, the leaf springs 18, 19, 20 and 21
slipping over the ratchet lugs 34, 35, 36 and 37 produce a loud and
distinctive clacking sound. This sound may be heard for some
distance and can serve as a warning to parents that children are
tampering with a container whose contents may be harmful to
them.
The combined closure assembled from the outer member 10 and the
inner member 12 may be applied by conventional capping machinery,
since there is no need for any manipulation of the closure during
the tightening procedure. That is, the combined closure may always
be put onto a bottle without any external manipulation of the
combined closure, a departure from the requirements of all known
child-resistant closures of the prior art. However, removal of the
closure requires a manipulation which has been found to be beyond
the abilities of most children of tender years whose welfare is
protected by the utilization of closures of this type. In addition,
in those households which are childless, the child-resistant
aspects of this closure may be removed by adults to whom such
provisions are merely an annoyance and are unnecessary.
FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate a modified design for the inner cap member
12. The modified design will still function properly with the outer
cap member 10 previously described. In FIG. 7, it may be seen that
a vertical ring wall 50 has been integrally molded with the
periphery of the top panel 26 and extends vertically upwardly from
the top panel 26. The ring wall 50 is provided to control the
degree to which the outer cap member 10 may be tipped with respect
to the inner cap member 12. It should be recognized that the safety
closure of the present invention can be made in a wide range of
sizes to fit numerous containers. In some size ranges, the sidewise
tipping of the outer member 10 with respect to the inner member 12
can become excessive; under these circumstances, the ring wall 50
is added to control the relative motion of the two components. In
addition, a second ring wall, of a diameter slightly less than the
ring wall 50, could be molded into the interior of the top panel
14. This second ring wall would be downwardly depending when the
closure was assembled, and would cooperate with the ring wall 50 to
still further limit tipping. In addition, the retention bead 38 may
be moved upward slightly from its' normal position adjacent the
lower extremity of the depending skirt 16. In this situation, an
inwardly depending tapered sleeve 52 defines the lower extremity of
the depending skirt 16.
FIGS. 7 and 8 further illustrate one possible alternative
configuration of the ratchet lugs designated as 34', 35', 36' and
37'. Each of the ratchet lugs 34'-37' is made up of a substantially
L-shaped combination having an inclined ramp portion 54 joined to a
vertical wall portion 56. The leaf spring members 18-21 will be
wedged against the wall portions 54 when the outer cap member 10 is
turned in the tightening direction. However, if the outer cap
member 10 is turned in the removing direction, the leaf spring
members 18-21 will ride up the ramp portions 54 and slip off, thus
giving no removal force to the inner cap member 12.
* * * * *