U.S. patent number 3,918,461 [Application Number 05/438,433] was granted by the patent office on 1975-11-11 for method for electrically stimulating the human brain.
Invention is credited to Irving S. Cooper.
United States Patent |
3,918,461 |
Cooper |
November 11, 1975 |
Method for electrically stimulating the human brain
Abstract
A method and apparatus for electrically stimulating the human
brain which includes applying electrodes directly to the cerebellum
and feeding electrical impulses to such electrodes with a view to
aiding individuals suffering from intractable hypertonia, epilepsy
and other ailments, said electrical impulses having a duration of
from 0.5 to 2.5 milliseconds, an ampliude of from 0.5 to 14.0
volts, and a frequency of from 1 to 300 pulses per second.
Inventors: |
Cooper; Irving S. (Bronx,
NY) |
Family
ID: |
23740645 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/438,433 |
Filed: |
January 31, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
607/45; 607/61;
607/72; 607/66 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61N
1/372 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61N
1/372 (20060101); A61N 001/36 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/419R,420,421,422,423,2.1R,2.1B ;3/1 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
Smith et al., "American Journal of Medical Electronics," Jan.-Mar.,
1965, pp. 38-41..
|
Primary Examiner: Kamm; William E.
Claims
I claim:
1. A method of stimulating the human brain comprising the steps of:
affixing at least one set of electrodes directly to a region of the
cerebellum; generating electrical pulses having a duration of from
0.5 to 2.5 milliseconds, an amplitude of from 0.5 to 14.0 volts and
a frequency of from 1 to 300 pulses per second; and applying the
generated electrical pulses to said electrode.
2. A method as in claim 1 wherein a first set of electrodes are
affixed to the paleocerebellum region of the cerebellum and a
second set of electrodes are affixed to the neocerebellum region of
the cerebellum.
3. A method as in claim 2 wherein said electrical pulses are
alternately applied in bursts to said first and second sets of
electrodes.
4. A method as in claim 3 wherein each burst of pulses has a
duration of from 1.0 minute to 30.0 minutes.
5. A method as in claim 1, wherein the duration of the pulses is
1.0 millisecond and the pulses have a rectangular waveform.
6. A method as in claim 5, wherein the amplitude of the pules is
10.0 volts and the frequency of the pulses is 200 pulses per
second.
7. A method as in claim 5, wherein the amplitude of the pulses is
from 5.0 to 10.0 volts and the frequency of the pulses is 10.0
pulses per second.
Description
This invention pertains to a technique for electrically stimulating
the human brain to alleviate certain disorders, and more
particularly applying electrical impulses to the cerebellum of the
brain.
There are substantial numbers of people who suffer from disorders
such as intractable hypertonia, epilepsy and related ailments.
Although drugs have been used to alleviate the symptoms of such
ailments, there are unfortunately cases where the drugs are
ineffective or must be used in such massive doses as to cause
depression and drowsiness in the patient.
It is also possible to alleviate such symptoms in some cases by
means of surgery. However, surgery involves the risk of an adverse
outcome and is irreversible.
Accordingly, it is a general object of this invention to provide a
technique to alleviate the symptoms of ailments such as hypertonia,
epilepsy, stroke and the like.
Another object of this invention is to provide an improved
technique for treating the symptoms of such ailments without
recourse to massive doses of drugs or to irreversible surgery.
Briefly, the invention contemplates a method of treating particular
human ailments by applying to the cerebellum electrical pulses
having a specified range of frequencies, amplitudes and
duration.
Other objects of this invention will be apparent from the following
detailed description when read with the accompanying drawing,
where:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of apparatus for practicing
the invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a transmitter; and
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a receiver utilized in the
invention.
The apparatus of the instant invention comprises two sets of
electrodes 10 implanted in the head of the patient; with each set
being in direct contact with the neocerebellum and the
paleocerebellum respectively. The electrodes 10 are connected via
signal leads 12 to a pair of receivers 14 embedded in the chest of
the patient, the signal leads being internal to the patient.
Opposite the implanted receivers 14 is an antenna 16 connected via
an external signal lead 18 to an external transmitter 20. In
operation, the transmitter 20 emits signals which are fed via
signal lead 18 to antenna 16 which radiates the signals to the
implanted receivers 14, which in turn transmit voltage pulses via
implanted signal leads 12 to implanted electrodes 10. More
specifically, the signals received by electrodes 10 are voltage
pulses which stimulate the indicated portions of the
cerebellum.
It has been found that voltage pulses which are rectangular in
waveform and have durations of from 0.5 milliseconds to 2.5
milliseconds; and preferably, 1.0 milliseconds lead to good results
when their amplitudes are between 0.5 and 14 volts.
The pulse repetition rate is a function of the ailment being
treated. In the case of epilepsy, the pulse repetion rate should be
of the order of 10.0 pulses per second with pulse amplitudes of 5.0
to 10.0 volts.
When treating hypertonia, the pulse repetition rate should be in
the order of from 100 to 200 pulses per second with pulse
amplitudes of 10.0 to 14.0 volts. Furthermore, it has been found in
some cases of epilepsy, it is desirable to feed alternate bursts of
pulses to the electrodes so that the paleocerebellum and
neocerebellum are continuously, but alternately stimulated. It has
been found that such bursts should have a duration of from about 1
minute to about 30 minutes, and preferably about 8 minutes.
In other cases, continuous stimulation may be indicated; while in
other instances when the patient senses the onset of aura,
stimulation is initiated.
Although the individual components of the system are well known in
the electronic art; they will be discussed for the sake of
completeness.
The transmitter 20 shown in FIG. 2 can be a two-channel
transmitting device wherein each channel comprises a keyed
oscillator, i.e. a sine wave oscillator of which when turned or
keyed on, emits a packet of carrier signals. The oscillator each
channel has a different carrier frequency. Each of the keyed
oscillators can be driven by a voltage controlled one shot
multivibrator, i.e. a multivibrator, which, as long as it receives
a control voltage, emits, say 1.0 millisecond pulses having the
desired repetition rate.
The voltage controlled one shot multivibrator can be controlled by
a further symmetrical free running multivibrator or similarly
functioning circuit with a pair of out of phase outputs, each being
connected to one of the voltage controlled one shot
multivibrators.
The symmetrical multivibrator is dimensioned to change state and
consequently energize alternate outputs at the desired frequency,
e.g. once every 8.0 minutes. Thus, it can be seen that the
transmitter 20 feeds to antenna 16 1.0 millisecond packets of
carrier signal wherein the carrier signal has a first frequency for
all packets occuring during one 8.0 minute interval, and a second
frequency for all packets occuring during the next 8.0 minute
interval. Astable multivibrators with a period of 8.0 minutes, may
also be used.
Antenna 16 can be fixed to the exterior of the patient's chest by
means of adhesive tape or the like; or, can be implanted
subcutaneously, in which case, the transmitter 20 should be easily
detachable from lead 18.
The receivers 14 shown in FIG. 3 can be identical except for
operating frequency. Each receiver can comprise: a tuned amplifier
tuned to either the first or second frequency; an envelope
(conventional AM) detector connected to the output of the
amplifier; and a Schmitt trigger circuit coupled to the output of
the envelope detector for amplifying and squaring the output of the
envelope detector.
Thus, each receiver alternately omits pulses which are fed via
subcutaneous leads tunnelled from the anterior chest wall to the
posterior fossa and then to their respective sets of electrodes 10
directly contacting the cerebellum.
The electrodes 10 are essentially 4 pairs of platinum disc
electrodes on a silicon coated mesh of Dacron fiber or the like,
applied to the neocerebellum and the paleocerebellum.
The details of the operation for positioning the electrodes with
respect to the cerebellum, can be found in the article entitled
Physiologic Neurosurgery at New York's St. Barnabas Hospital, pages
32- 53 of Contemporary Surgery, Vol. 2, No. 6, June 1973, published
by McGraw Hill.
Although a specific configuration of the transmitter, receiver and
electrodes has been disclosed; it should be apparent that other
devices which can generate the required waveforms for application
directly to the cerebellum, can be used to treat a number of
ailments.
Further, while the apparatus has been disclosed for alternate
stimulation of the neocerebellum and paleocerebellum, it is
possible to stimulate either region alone, or both regions
simultaneously. In each case there is need for only a single
channel transmitter and a single channel receiver.
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