U.S. patent number 3,913,787 [Application Number 05/211,464] was granted by the patent office on 1975-10-21 for metering system and control therefor.
Invention is credited to Lawrence Dilger.
United States Patent |
3,913,787 |
Dilger |
October 21, 1975 |
Metering system and control therefor
Abstract
Fluid Metering systems particularly but not exclusively for
dispensing petroleum having a dispensing system, an indication
means and a common controller which is arranged to control the
dispensing system directly or indirectly and to directly control
the indicating system. The controller includes a pulse generator
selected trains of pulses from which cause operation of the
dispensing system and operate the indicating device, the ratio of
the numbers of pulses affecting each being adjustable to calibrate
the system. The dispensing system comprises one or more
displacement assemblies, for example piston and cylinder
assemblies, each having a swept volume less than the permitted
volumetric error spread for the minimum delivery of fluid to be
dispensed. If the dispensing system is connected to more than one
fluid source, the ratio of the number of pulses causing dispensing
from one source relative to the number causing dispensing from
another source can be adjusted to provide a selected blend.
Inventors: |
Dilger; Lawrence (South
Croydon, Surrey, EN) |
Family
ID: |
9722269 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/211,464 |
Filed: |
December 23, 1971 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Nov 23, 1971 [GB] |
|
|
1454/71 |
Jan 12, 1971 [GB] |
|
|
1454/71 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
222/26; 73/239;
137/99; 222/134; 222/249 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B67D
7/222 (20130101); B67D 7/36 (20130101); Y10T
137/2516 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
B67D
5/34 (20060101); B67D 5/22 (20060101); B67D
5/06 (20060101); B67D 005/18 () |
Field of
Search: |
;222/14,22,23,28,76,134,135,137,25,26,27,31,32,33,36,17,37,20,249,250
;235/92FL,151.34 ;137/99,99.5 ;73/219,232,194E |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Reeves; Robert B.
Assistant Examiner: Rolla; Joseph J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Fleit & Jacobson
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A fluid metering system comprising fluid supply means arranged
to supply under pressure fluid to be metered, a fluid outlet line
for metered fluid, a dispensing system having at least one
displacement assembly including a chamber and a displaceable member
dividing the chamber and movable therein under the influence of the
pressure of said fluid to perform dispensing strokes and a valve
system by which the parts of the chamber on each side of the
displaceable member are connectable to said fluid supply means and
to said outlet line for metered fluid, indicating means for
indicating the volume of fluid dispensed and a common controller
operable electrically to control said valve system to cause said
displaceable member to execute complete dispensing strokes and to
provide data derived independently of the dispensing strokes
directly to the indicating means whereby the indicating means
indicates the quantity of fluid metered to said outlet line.
2. A metering system according to claim 1 in which said
displacement assembly has a swept volume less than the permitted
volumetric error for the minimum delivery of fluid to be dispensed
by the system.
3. A metering system according to claim 1 in which the swept volume
of said displacement assembly is less than 30 milliliters.
4. A metering system according to claim 1 in which said
displacement assembly is a piston and cylinder assembly of the free
piston type with the piston to be driven by the pressure of fluid
to be dispensed.
5. A metering system according to claim 1 wherein the fluid is
petroleum.
6. A fluid metering system comprising two sources of fluid under
pressure, a dispensing system, operable to execute dispensing
strokes under the influence of pressure fluid, valve means operable
to selectively connect the dispensing system to either one of said
two sources, an outlet line connected to said dispensing system,
control means for supplying electrical pulses to control the valve
means and actuate the dispensing system to dispense fluid from the
connected source and blend selector means for adjusting the ratio
of the number of pulses controling dispensing from one of said
sources relative to the number of pulses controling dispensing from
the other of said sources.
7. A fluid metering system comprisng fluid supply means arranged to
supply under pressure fluid to be metered, a fluid outlet line for
metered fluid, a dispensing system having at least one displacement
assembly including a chamber and a displaceable member dividing the
chamber and movable therein under the influence of the pressure of
said fluid to perform dispensing strokes and a valve system by
which the parts of the chamber on each side of the displaceable
member are connectable to said fluid supply means and to said
outlet line for metered fluid, indicating means for indicating the
volume of fluid dispensed and a common controller operable
electrically to control said valve system and to provide data
directly to the indicating means, said controller including a pulse
generator, first selector means operable to select the number of
pulses to be supplied to the valve system to cause said
displaceable member to execute complete dispensing strokes, and
second selector means for independently selecting the number of
pulses to be supplied to said indicating means whereby the
indicating means indicates the quantity of fluid metered to said
outlet line.
8. A metering system according to claim 7 in which the indicating
means includes a first part for indicating the valve of fluid
dispensed and a second part for indicating the volume of fluid
dispensed each of the parts being driven by independently
selectable numbers of the pulses.
9. A fluid metering system comprising fluid supply means arranged
to supply under pressure fluid to be metered, a fluid outlet line
for metered fluid, a dispensing system having at least one
displacement assembly including a piston and cylinder assembly, and
a valve system comprising a first set of apertures formed in the
cylindrical surface of the piston and opening to one end face
thereof and a second set of apertures formed in said cylindrical
surface and opening to the other end face of the piston, at least
one set of two ports formed in angularly spaced relationship in the
wall of the cylinder with one port of the set connected to said
outlet line and the other port of the set connected to said fluid
supply means, and means for relatively rotating the piston and
cylinder to connect the first and second sets of apertures
alternately to the first and second ports of said set of ports,
indicating means for indicating the volume of fluid dispensed and a
common controller operable to control said valve system to cause
said piston to execute complete dispensing strokes and to provide
data directly to the indicating means whereby the indicating means
indicates the quantity of fluid metered to said outlet line.
10. A metering system according to claim 8 including a second set
of two ports formed in the wall of the cylinder in angular spaced
relationship to each other and to the ports of the first set with
one port of said second set connected to said outlet line, and the
other port of said second set connected to a second fluid supply
means whereby relative rotation between the piston and cylinder in
one direction connects one end of the piston to one supply means
and relative rotation in the other direction connects that end of
the piston to said second supply means.
11. A metering system according to claim 8 in which one of the
apertures and the ports are in the form of slots extending parallel
to the length of the piston and cylinder assembly.
12. A metering system according to claim 8 in which the means for
causing relative rotation of the piston and cylinder is
electro-magnetic.
13. A fluid metering system comprising first and second fluid
supply means each arranged to supply under pressure fluid to be
metered, a fluid outlet line for metered fluid, first and second
displacement assemblies each including a chamber and a displaceable
member dividing the chamber and movable therein under the influence
of fluid pressure to perform dispensing strokes, a first valve
system by which the parts of the chamber of said first assembly on
either side of the displaceable member thereof are connectable to
said first fluid supply means and to said outlet line for metered
fluid, a second valve system by which the parts of the chamber of
said second assembly on either side of the displaceable member
thereof are connectable to said second fluid supply means and to
said outlet line for metered fluid, indicating means for indicating
the volume of fluid dispensed, a common controller operable
electrically to control said first and second valve systems and to
provide data directly to the indicating means, and blend selector
means electrically connecting said controller to said first and
second valve systems, said controller including a pulse generator,
first selector means operable to select the number of pulses to be
supplied through said blend selector means to said first and second
valve systems to cause the displaceable members of the first and
second displacement assemblies to execute complete dispensing
strokes, and second selector means for selecting independently the
number of pulses to be supplied to said indicating means, whereby
the indicating means indicates the quantity of fluid metered to
said outlet line and said blend selector means being operable to
select the proportion of the pulses selected by the first selector
means for operation of the first valve system and the first
displacement assembly and the proportion of the pulses selected by
the first selector means for operation of the second valve system
and the second displacement assembly.
14. A fluid metering system according to claim 12 in whch the blend
selector means is operable incrementally to vary the ratio of said
proportion of pulses selected for operation of the first valve
system with respect to said proportion of pulses selected for
operation of said second valve system.
15. A fluid metering system comprising fluid supply means arranged
to supply under pressure fluid to be metered, a fluid outlet line
for metered fluid, a dispensing system having at least one
displacement assembly including a chamber and a displaceable member
dividing the chamber into two parts and movable therein under the
influence of the pressure of said fluid to perform dispensing
strokes, and a valve system connected between the two chamber parts
and the fluid supply and the outline line and operable in response
to a first electrical signal to place one chamber part alternately
in communication with said fluid supply means and said outlet line
and simultaneously to place the other chamber part alternately in
communication with said outlet line and said fluid supply means to
cause the displaceable member to make complete dispensing strokes
driving metered volumes of fluid through the outlet line,
indicating means operable by a second electrical signal to indicate
the volume of fluid dispensed, and a controller including means for
deriving said first and second electrical signals independently of
said dispensing strokes and supplying said first and second
electrical signals independently to said valve system and said
indicating means respectively.
16. A fluid metering system comprising fluid supply means arranged
to supply under pressure fluid to be metered, a fluid outlet line
for metered fluid, a dispensing system having at least one
displacement assembly including a chamber and a displaceable member
dividing the chamber and movable therein under the influence of the
pressure of said fluid to perform dispensing strokes and a valve
system by which the parts of the chamber on each side of the
displaceable member are connectable to said fluid supply means and
to said outlet line for metered fluid, indicating means for
indicating the volume of fluid dispensed, a common controller
operable electrically to control said valve system to cause said
displaceable member to execute complete dispensing strokes and to
provide data derived independently of the dispensing strokes
directly to the indicating means whereby the indicating means
indicates the quantity of fluid metered to said outlet line and
means for adjusting the number of dispensing strokes performed by
the displaceable member relative to the data provided directly to
the indicating means whereby the metering system may be
calibrated.
17. A fluid metering system comprising two sources of fluid under
pressure, a dispensing system operable to execute dispensing
strokes under the influence of pressure fluid, valve means operable
selectively to connect the dispensing system to either one of said
two sources, an outlet line connected to said dispensing system,
indicating means for indicating the volume of fluid dispensed, a
common controller operable electrically to activate the dispensing
system to execute complete dispensing strokes under the influence
of the fluid pressure of the connected source to dispense fluid
from the connected source to said outlet line and to provide data
derived independently of the dispensing strokes directly to the
indicating means whereby the indicating means indicates the
quantity of fluid dispensed to said outlet line and blend selector
means operable to control said valve means to select the ratio of
the number of dispensing strokes performed under the influence of
the fluid pressure of one of said two fluid sources to the number
of dispensing strokes performed under the influence of the fluid
pressure of the other of said two fluid sources whereby a selected
mixture of fluids is dispensed.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a metering system for fluids particularly
but not exclusively for dispensing liquids such as petroleum fuel
for example for the retail sale of such fuel at kerbside pumps.
Such meters are normally of the posiitive displacement type in
which a number of cylinders of accurately determined volume (for
example, 1/4 liter) are mechanically linked together and to an
output shaft in such a manner that the relationship between the
angular rotation of the output shaft and the volume of fluid
displaced is substantially linear. The absolute volumes of the
measuring cylinders are mechanically adjusted such that they are
approximately equal to one another, and such that one rotation of
the shaft (via gearing) corresponds to a suitable unit volume
within the specifications laid down by various weights and measures
authorities. The shaft is used directly or indirectly to drive a
suitable indicating mechanism for indicating the quantity
dispensed. The mechanical adjustment of the volume of the cylinders
is time consuming and needs machining to a nearly accurate volume
in the first place.
The Weights and Measures authorities in each country lay down
specifications for both the maximum permitted errors for the
dispensing meters and the minimum delivery allowed for dispensing
liquids other than water. In the United Kingdom the permitted
minimum quantity of petroleum which may be dispensed is 1/2 gallon
and the permitted error at minimum delivery is 13 drams. The latest
recommendation (International Recommendation No. 5) of the
International Organisation of Legal Metrology, which the United
Kingdom Government is planning to adopt, lays down a minimum
delivery for petroleum of 2 liters and a maximum permitted error at
initial verification on a complete meter installation of plus or
minus 0.5%. However, the maximum permissible error at a minimum
delivery is double the value specified above for the quantity
corresponding to that delivery, and otherwise, whatever the
measured quantity, the maximum permissible error is never less than
that permitted for minimum delivery. This means that the permitted
error between 2 and 4 liters is plus or minus 1% of 2 liters. In a
complete meter installation some of the error occurs in the hoses
etc. independently of the metering and indication system per se.
The metering and indication system error should in practice not
exceed 75% of the error allowed for the whole installation.
Thus under the International Recommendation in dispensing between 2
and 4 liters of petroleum fuel the permitted volume error in the
whole installation is 40 milliliters which increases above 4 liters
dispensed to plus or minus 0.5% of the quantity dispensed; the
volumetric error in the meter and indicating systems per se should
not be more than 30 milliliters between 2 and 4 liters. At present
in the United Kingdom the volumetric error in the meter and
indication system per se at minimum delivery should not be more
than 13 .times. 0.75 drams. Clearly the volumetric error allowed in
different countries and for different fluids is different but it is
always clearly specified by the appropriate authority.
An object of the present invention is to provide a metering system
which is accurate to the appropriate specification and is simple to
calibrate and does not require its displacement assemblies to have
accurate volumes.
A further object is to provide a system which is easily arranged to
give a selected blend of fluids.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a fluid metering system comprising a
dispensing system consisting of one or more small displacement
assemblies and a valve system by which the displacement assemblies
are selectively connectable to a source of fluid to be dispensed
and to an outlet line for dispensed fluid, indicating means for
indicating the volume of fluid dispensed and a common controller
arranged to control the dispensing system and to directly control
the indicating means.
With this arrangement the dispensing system does not need to have
an output shaft driving the indicating system.
In a preferred form of the present invention the or each
displacement assembly has a swept volume less than the permitted
volumetric error spread for the minimum delivery of fluid to be
dispensed. The swept volume of each displacement assembly will
normally be less than 30 ml.
According to another feature of the invention the displacement
assemblies do not have accurately machined volumes, but may for
example be machined to within plus or minus 3% of their nominal
value, and the calibration of the metering system is effected, not
by the conventional method of adjusting the volume of the piston
and cylinder assemblies to their nominal value, but by calibrating
the controls to the indicating means and the dispensing means. This
calibration is effected by passing a known quantity through the
dispensing system. For example, assuming that the standard volume
of each cylinder is meant to be 25 ml. and it is required to
deliver 2 liters of fluid, nominally 80 volumes should be
dispensed. However, during calibration with a known fluid flow it
may be found that only 1.976 liters are dispensed for 80 volumes
due to the measuring cylinder or cylinders being smaller than
standard. One further quanta of fluid will, however, bring the
delivery up to 2.001 liters, which is within the required
tolerance. The control unit is then programmed to deliver 81
volumes for a 2 liter delivery.
The electronic controller preferably comprises a pulse generator
for producing pulses, first selector means for selecting a required
number of pulses to be supplied to the indicating means and second
selector means for selecting independently a required number of
pulses to be supplied to the dispensing system. Calibration is
carried out by adjusting the ratio of the number of pulses supplied
to the indicating means relative to the number of pulses supplied
to the dispensing means. The rate of pulses delivered by the pulse
generator can be varied to control the delivery rate of the
fluid.
By means of appropriate circuitry the indicating means can indicate
not only the volume dispensed, but additionally the monetary value
of the fluid dispensed, and by comparing either of these with
pre-set values it can be made to stop pulses controlling the valve
system when the volume or value of fluid dispensed reaches the
pre-set value, thus providing a means of delivering either a
selected volume of fluid or a quantity of selected value.
The metering system as set out above is particularly adapted to
provide an easy blend selector mechanism by which different blends
or mixtures of fluids can be dispensed, for example blends of
different octane rated fuels can be dispensed by the same meter
installation. In such an installation the dispensing system is
connectable selectively to at least two reservoirs and the valves
are operated selectively by varying the ratio of the number of
pulses driving the dispensing means to dispense from one reservoir
and the number driving the dispensing means to dispense from the
other reservoir.
The displacement assemblies are preferably piston and cylinder
assemblies, more preferably of the free piston type driven by the
pressure of the fluid to be dispensed and the valves are preferably
electromagnetically controlled. However, the valves may be fluidic
or may be directly controlled by other suitable means for example
using magneto-striction or piezo-electric or electrostatic
transducers. Alternatively they may be indirectly controlled for
example by release of an inhibiting device. The displacement
assemblies may equally take other forms such as diaphragms, bellows
and belloframs. The displacement assemblies and valves may be
incorporated in single units having a piston which rotates to
produce the valving effect for example.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Various embodiments of metering systems and controllers will now be
described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying
drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a fuel dispensing system;
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatical representation of an alternative
arrangement of dispensing system using the same type of elements as
those of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view of an alternative form of the
dispensing system;
FIG. 4 shows diagrammatically yet another form of dispensing
system;
FIG. 5 shows suitable trains of pulses to be emitted from an
electronic controller;
FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic circuit of a controller for use with any
one of the above dispensing systems;
FIG. 7A is a perspective view partly cut away of an alternative
form of piston and cylinder assembly in which the piston is
rotatable to achieve the valving;
FIG. 7B is a diagrammatic view showing the relationship of ports
and apertures in the arrangement of FIG. 7A;
FIG. 7C is a further perspective view partly cut away of the
dispensing system of FIG. 7A incorporated in a pistol grip
dispenser and showing the means for rotating the piston;
FIG. 7D is a diagrammatic view showing the relationships of the
magnetic operating means of FIG. 7C;
FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic sectional view through an alternative form
of dispensing system in which the valving is automatically driven
by the piston except when inhibited;
FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic sectional view through an alternative form
of dispensing means using a flexible diaphragm;
FIG. 10 shows diagrammatically an alternative form of blending
control; and
FIG. 11 is a diagrammatic view of a petrol dispensing system.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
The metering systems of FIGS. 1 to 4 are built up from one or more
displacement assemblies in the forms of piston and cylinder
assemblies referred to collectively as assemblies 12 and two or
more similar valves referred to collectively as valves 16.
Individual assemblies or valves are given the suffixes A, B, C, . .
. and similarly parts thereof are given appropriate suffixes A, B,
C, etc; only one of each will be described in detail.
Referring first to FIG. 1, a piston and cylinder assembly 12A has a
cylinder 13A with outlets 9A and 10A at opposite ends, and a free
piston 14A which is free to slide between one end and the other.
The swept volume of this piston and cylinder assembly in the
example given is 16.16 ml; the piston having a stroke of
approximately 3.2 cm. The dispensing system includes two similar
electromagnetic valves 16A and 16B. The valve 16A has a cylindrical
body portion 17A provided with two ports 18A and 19A at points
spaced along its length, and a hollow valve member 20A movable
axially of the body portion 17A between positions at which it
closes one or the other of the ports 18A and 19A. The valve member
20A is of magnetisable material. At opposite ends of the valve 16A
magnets 21A and 22A are arranged so that their poles face in
opposite directions. A coil 23A is located around the centre of the
outside of the body portion 17A, and can be energised by a current
flow in either direction to selectively magnetise the valve member
20A. Current flow in one sense magnetises member 20A so that it is
attracted to the magnet 21A and current flow in the other sense
magnetises member 20A so that it is attracted to the magnet 22A and
repulsed by the magnet 21A. It will thus be seen that the valve is
bi-stable and can be pulsed from one position to the other. Valve
16A has an outlet 15A opening to one end through magnet 21A. The
valve 16A is arranged coaxially with and abutting one end of the
piston and cylinder assembly 12A, while valve 16B with a
corresponding outlet 15B is arranged similarly at the other end of
assembly 12A. The outlets 15A and 15B register respectively with
outlets 9A and 10A. A supply line 24 for fluid, for example
petroleum fuel at a pressure of about 1 kg. per sq. cm., connects
to ports 18A and 18B of valves 16A, 16B, while an outlet line 25
for dispensed fluid connects to the ports 19A, 19B of the valves.
In operation the two valves will be pulsed simultaneously but their
magnets are arranged so that the port 18A of one valve will be open
while the port 18B of the other valve is closed, and vice versa
with the ports 19B and 19A. In the position shown in FIG. 1 fluid
from line 24 enters the port 18A of valve 16A and flows through its
outlet 15A and the port 9A of the piston and cylinder assembly to
drive the piston 14A to the right, thus displacing 16.16 ml. of
fluid through the valve 16B and into the outlet line 25. An
electronic control system 26 is connected to coils 23A, 23B to
provide the energising pulses. For example, if it is required to
dispense 32 liters per minute and there are two displacement
assemblies operating in tandem with interlaced pulsed trains, 64.6
ml. will be dispensed each cycle and the interval between pulses
will be approximately 60 m. secs.
The system of FIG. 1 can be supplied as a unit measuring only 14
.times. 5 .times. 7 cms.
FIG. 2 shows a system in which two piston and cylinder assemblies
12 of the FIG. 1 type and referenced 12B and 12C are arranged in
association with four valves 16 referenced 16C, 16D, 16E and 16F. A
reservoir 30 of liquid to be dispensed is connected to the ports
15C and 15D of valves 16C and 16D. The ports 18C and 18D of each of
the latter are connected to opposite ends of the piston and
cylinder assembly 12B, and the ports 19C and 19D of each of those
valves are connected to opposite ends of the piston and cylinder
assembly 12C. The valves 16E and 16F have their ports 18E and 18F
connected to opposite ends of the assembly 12C, and their ports 19E
and 19F connected to opposite ends of the assembly 12B. The ports
15E and 15F of valves 16E and 16F are connected to an outlet line
31. A controller 32 is connected to the coils 23C, 23D, 23E and 23F
four valves to provide a programmed sequence of pulses, so that
each of assemblies 12A and 12B continuously dispenses fluid from
its ends alternately.
FIG. 3 shows an alternative arrangement for connecting two
assemblies, referenced 12D and 12E with four valves 16, referenced
16G, 16H, 16I and 16J. The connection of these valves to the
assemblies 12 links a reservoir 30 of fluid to be dispensed to an
outlet line 31 for dispensed fluid, and to a controller 32 shown in
FIG. 3 and operated similarly to that of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 shows another system for connecting two assemblies 12,
referenced 12F and 12G, with four valves 16, referenced 16k. 16L,
16M and 16N. In this case valves 16K and 16L are connected to one
supply line 40, while valves 16M and 16N are connected to a
different supply line 41. The valves 16K, 16L, 16M, and 16N are
connected to outlet lines 42 going to a common outlet. The valves
16K and 16L receive a first set of pulses, for example as indicated
on line 44 in FIG. 5, while the valves 16M and 16N receive a
separate set of pulses, for example as shown on line 45 in FIG. 5,
from a controller 32. These pulses may, for example, be of 10
millisecs. duration at intervals of 62 millisecs. The pulses on the
line 44 are preferably staggered relative to those on line 45.
Assuming that supply lines 40 and 41 are connected to supplies of
fuel having different octane ratings, by adjusting the relative
frequencies of pulses on lines 44 and 45 a desired blend of fuel
can be dispensed into the common outlet.
FIG. 6 shows diagrammatically one form of electronic controller
which can be used with and calibrated to the particular dispensing
system to which it is attached for forming a fluid metering system.
A pulse generator 50 operating at a main clock repetition frequency
is connected to a series 46 of binary divide units giving outputs
in the ratios of 8:4:2:1, corresponding for example to delivery
rates of, say, 32, 16, 8 and 4 liters per minute. The desired flow
rate is selected by a switch 51. The pulse output selected by the
switch 51 is fed through line 52 into a chain 53 of binary divide
circuits giving outputs with pulse repetition rates of 1/2, 1/4,
1/8, . . . of the main clock frequency. The propagation delay
through these circuits is such that the whole pattern of pulses
will interlace and output pulses from one circuit will not coincide
in time with output pulses from any other circuit. Three patterns
of pulses are derived by selection from this chain of binary
circuits and are used in three different control functions. The
first selector unit 54 comprising a group of OR gates connected to
the outputs of the chain 53 by a series of selector switches 54A is
arranged to drive a volume indicator 55, for example with an
indication which records one liter for each 100 pulses received,
the selector unit 54 is calibrated to receive pulses on lines
respectively giving 128, 64 and 8 pulses in a given time and pass
these to the indicator through a binary divide circuit 47. The
second selector unit 56 comprising a group of OR gates connected to
the outputs of the chain 53 by a series of selector switches 56A is
a price selection unit and passes a further selected number of
pulses in that same given time through two binary divide circuits
48 to the input of a price indicating means 57, for example it is
arranged to supply 75 pulses per liter if the price were 7.5 pence
per liter. The third selector unit 58 comprising a group of OR
gates connected to the outputs of the chain 53 by a series of
selector switches 58A is arranged to supply the appropriate number
of pulses in that same given time to the dispensing system, for
example to pulse the coils of valves 16; for example a nominal 120
pulses per liter for a metering system whose cylinders have a
nominal displacement per stroke of 16.16 ml. is supplied through a
binary divide circuit 49 to the coils of the valves 16 via line
49A. Where there are two or more displacement assemblies these must
either be chosen to have approximately the same dispensing volume
per stroke or the unit 58 duplicated and separately calibrated for
each.
The zeros of the units 48 can be altered to read one or more
instead of zero allowing a rounding up or down adjustment so that a
whole number price will be displayed.
The zero of the unit 49 can also be altered to read one or more so
as to make the dispensing system more accurate at higher
volumes.
Where blending of different fluids is desired the output from unit
58 is alternatively supplied to a blending selector unit indicated
generally at 60. A rotary wafer switch 61 has two oppositely
extending contact arms 62, 63 each engageable with a respective set
of five contacts numbered 0 to 4 inclusively. The arrangement is
such that if one arm engages the associated contact 4 the other
will engage its zero contact, the other combinations being 3-1,
2-2, 1-3, 0-4 so that five possible blend selections are available
each giving the same total number of pulses. The output from unit
58 is supplied on lines 64 to the respective No. 4 contacts of the
switch 61 and to a first binary divide circuit of each of two units
65, 66. Each of the units 65, 66 comprises two binary divide
circuits and an OR gate and has respective contacts numbered 3, 2
and 1. The wafer contact arms 62, 63 are respectively connected
through binary divide circuits 67, 68 to output lines 70, 71
driving the coils of valves 16 which are respectively controlling
the dispensing from different sources such as high and low octane
fuel reservoirs. The switch 61 is linked to the selector switch 56A
so that the price indication is linked to the blend selected.
Clearly other forms of selector unit for obtaining desired ratios
of pulses on the lines 70, 71 can be devised, such as that
described hereafter with reference to FIG. 10.
Pulses from either selector unit 54 or selector unit 56 can be
continuously compared with values set up in a unit 165 such that at
coincidence the pulse generator 50 is stopped, thus providing a
pre-set dispensed quantity, either volume or value.
FIG. 7, parts A, B, C and D shows an alternative form of dispensing
system in which the piston and cylinder assembly and valve means
have been combined into a single unit in which the valving is
carried out by rotation of the piston. Referring first to FIGS. 7A
and 7B, the cylinder is shown at 700 with a free piston 710
arranged to sweep a volume of about 25 milliliters at each stroke.
The piston is formed along its length opening to its cylindrical
surface with four elongate apertures in the form of slots, a first
two opposite ones of which slots 72 are connected via
longitudinally extending channels 73 to one end face 74 of the
piston. The other two opposite slots 76 are connected by respective
channels 77 to the other end face 75 of the piston. The slots 76
are spaced at 45.degree. from the respective slots 72. The cylinder
700 is formed substantially centrally of its length with eight
equi-angularly spaced ports divided into four alternating sets 80
and 81. The set of ports 80 are arranged to be connected to an
outlet for dispensed fluid; two opposite ones 81A of the set of
ports 81 are arranged to be connected to one source such as a
reservoir of high octane fuel and the other two opposite ones 81B
of the set of ports 81 are arranged to be connected to another
source such as a supply of low octane fuel.
It will be seen that in the position shown in FIG. 7A the source of
high octane fuel is connected through the ports 81A, the apertures
76 and the channels 77 to the end face 75 of the piston 710 so that
the pressure of this liquid has driven the piston fully to the
left. The end face 74 of the piston is connected through the
channels 73, the slots 72 and two of the ports 80 to the outlet so
that fuel which was to the left of the piston has been dispensed
through the outlet. Rotation of the piston through 45.degree. in an
anti-clockwise direction (as indicated by arrow A in the diagram
FIG. 7B) will bring the apertures 72 into register with the ports
81B to connect the left hand end 74 of the piston to the supply of
low octane fuel, the pressure of this fuel then serving to drive
the piston to the right in the figure and displace the fuel
previously on the right of the piston out through the channels 77,
the slots 76 and other ports 80. At the end of this stroke the left
hand side of the cylinder will be full of low octane fuel. Had the
piston been rotated 45.degree. clockwise (that is in the direction
of the arrow C in diagram 7B) the apertures 72 would have been in
register with the ports 81A and have received high octane fuel. It
will be seen from any one dispensing position rotation through
45.degree. in one direction connects the end of the piston to a low
octane fuel supply and rotation in the other direction connects
that end of the piston to a high octane fuel supply.
Referring now particularly to FIGS. 7C and 7D the piston and
cylinder assembly of FIG. 7A is incorporated in a pistol type
dispenser with the cylinder surrounded by a manifold 82 one end of
which is connected to supply pipes 83A, 83B for example for high
and low octane petroleum respectively and the other end of which is
connected to an outlet nozzle 84, the nozzle and inlet lines being
connected to the ports 80, 81 respectively by passages extending
through the manifold.
The piston is rotated by a system of magnetic pole pieces and coils
similar to the arrangement of a conventional stepping motor such
system being shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 7C and 7D. The piston
has embedded therein eight equi-angularly spaced magnets 85
alternate ones being north (N) and south (S) (as seen in FIG. 7C
these are shown for ease of illustration adjacent one end of the
piston, they will in fact be centrally of the piston between the
slots). The manifold 82 has embedded therein eight pairs of
magnetisable elements 86 the pairs being equi-angularly spaced and
the elements 86A of each pair being magnetisable by a first coil
87, the other elements 86B of each pair being magnetisable by a
second coil 88.
In one standing position of the piston, both elements of each pair
86 are magnetised in the same direction but alternate pairs are
north and south as seen diagrammatically in the left hand portion
of FIG. 7D. In order to rotate the piston the direction of the
current through first one coil and then the other coil is changed
this serving to first reverse the polarity of the element 86A of
each pair and then reverse the polarity of the element 86B of each
pair. If coil 87 is pulsed before coil 88 the piston will rotate in
one direction and if coil 88 is pulsed before coil 87 the piston
will rotate in the other direction. This is shown in FIG. 7D where
first coil 87 is pulsed to change the direction of magnetisation of
elements 86A as seen in the centre of the figure and then coil 2 is
pulsed to change the direction of magnetisation of elements 86B
causing the piston to rotate through 45.degree. to the position
shown at the right of the figure when it has aligned itself with
the changed magnetic poles 86.
The ratio of pulses which turn the piston to connect it to one
source and turn it to connect it to the other source will determine
the blend of fuel.
If it is not required to blend several types of fuel but to
dispense only one fuel, all the ports of the set 81 are connected
to the same reservoir and the piston can be formed with eight
apertures alternately opening to opposite end faces. Clearly other
arrangements of apertures and ports can be envisaged.
Another form of dispensing assembly is shown in FIG. 8. In this
arrangement the valves are moved in response to movement under the
fluid pressure of the piston of the displacement assembly to change
over as the piston reaches the end of its stroke. An interlock is
provided to lock the piston in position at the end of each stroke
and the pulses from the controller serve to release the interlock.
Referring to FIG. 8 a piston 100 moves in a cylinder 101 in which
there are two pairs of ports, an inlet port 102A and an outlet port
103A on one side of the piston and an inlet port 102B and an outlet
port 103B on the other side of the piston. Valve members 104A and
104B are associated with the respective pairs of ports. A piston
rod 105 integral with the piston 100 carries pairs of spaced stops,
one pair 106A and 107A associated with the valve member 104A and
the other pair 106B and 107B to operate the valve member 104B. The
piston rod extends out of the cylinder and is formed with a pair of
spaced grooves 108, 109 associated with an interlock detent 110
biassed towards the grooves but withdrawable away from the grooves
on energisation of a coil 111 therearound. The coil is arranged to
receive the pulses from a control system such as that of FIG.
6.
In operation in the position shown the piston is moving to the
right in the FIG. 8 under action of pressurized fluid entering
through the inlet port 102A and displacing fluid through the outlet
port 103B. As the piston continues to move further to the right
from the position shown the stops 107A, 107B will move the valve
members 104A, 104B to the right to gradually close the inlet port
102A and the outlet port 103B until a position is reached at which
these ports are just closed and the outlet port 103A and inlet port
102B will start to be opened by further movement of the piston to
the right. This further movement is provided by the momentum of the
piston and on this further movement the detent 110 drops into the
recess 108 to prevent the piston returning to the left. On
withdrawal of the detent 110 in response to a pulse through the
coil 111 the pressure now exerted on the right hand side of the
piston 100 as a result of pressurized fluid connection through the
port 102B will start to drive the piston to the left until a
postion is reached in which the ports 102A and 103B are again just
opened and the detent 110 has located in the groove 109.
Another embodiment of dispensing system is shown in FIG. 9 in which
instead of a piston and cylinder assembly a diaphragm arrangement
connected to poppet valves is used. A flexible diaphragm 110
extending across a cylinder 111 is movable between the position
shown in full line and the position shown in broken line. The
cylinder 111 has two ports 112, 113 connected through poppet valves
114, 115 respectively to a supply of pressurised fluid to be
dispensed and has two outlet ports 116, 117 connected respectively
through poppet valves 118, 119 to a common outlet. The poppet
valves are spring loaded to a closed position and can be moved to
an open position by energisation of their respective coils 120 in
response to pulses on respective lines 121. In the arrangement
shown the inlet valve 115 on one side of the diaphragm is open and
the outlet valve 118 on the other side of the diaphragm is also
open, the other two valves being shut. Pulses will act to
alternately open these two valves and close the other two and then
reverse the system.
It will be appreciated that many types of valve system may be used
for example slide valves, poppet valves, plate valves, rotary
valves with electric or fluidic, direct or indirect control and
that in each system control means can be provided by the controller
to prevent a return stroke of the displacement member of the or
each displacement assembly until its previous displacement stroke
has been completed.
FIG. 10 shows an alternative blending unit for providing a
substantially continuos incrementally varying blend ratio over a
given range. In this arrangement the desired ratios of pulses
designed to dispense a range of blends of high and low octane fuels
are pre-programmed into a programme unit 130 which additionally
contains information concerning the value of the programmed blend.
Each time the blend to be dispensed is changed this unit feeds the
programmed information via a line 131 to a shift register 132, part
132A of which then contains the information relating to the value,
part 132B of which then contains the appropriate pulse pattern for
the low grade fuel and part 132C of which then contains the
appropriate pulse pattern for the high grade fuel. The output from
part 132A is combined with the pulses selected to drive the
indicating means so as to indicate the value of fluid dispensed.
Parts 132B and 132C of the shift register have outputs connected to
two sets of "and" gates, set 133B being associated with the low
grade fuel and set 133C being associated with the high grade fuel.
These sets of "and" gates each receive on line 134 the selected
pulse train from the selector unit 58 of the controller. The
outputs from the sets of "and" gates 133B and 133C are respectively
supplied to sets of "or" gates 135B and 135C the outputs of which
on lines 136B and 136C respectively are supplied to the dispensing
system to cause the appropriate ratio of dispensing strokes of low
and high grade fuel.
FIG. 11 shows a petroleum dispensing assembly incorporating a
metering system. A pump island 140 has buried therein a supply line
141 from the source of pressurized fuel. This line extends through
a hollow column 142 which supports a box 143 containing the control
system and indicating means. Buttons indicated generally at 144 are
provided for selecting the required blend and presetting the
desired volume or value to be dispensed. The supply line and
control system are connected through a knuckle joint 145 at the top
of the column 142 to a pivoting arm 146 at the end of which is
carried the dispensing system including the displacement assemblies
and valve means all contained in a meter box 147. The hose pipe 148
extends from this system and at its end carries a pistol grip 150
having a switch lever 151 for initiating a dispensing operation
(i.e. starting the pulse generator) and for controlling the flow
rate. A holster 152 on the column 142 receives the pistol in its
non-dispensing position and is fitted with an auto reset swtich
operated on return of the pistol after a dispensing operation. For
blended dispensing the dispensing system should either be at the
pistol end of the hose have two separate channels. By removing the
conventional pumping assembly from the conventional pump housing, a
single narrow column 142 replaces the conventional pump housing of
considerably larger cross-section. In addition neither a hose cock
valve nor a pre-set valve is obligatory with this system and the
initial and final pressure in the hose i.e. at the beginning and
end of delivery are the same thus avoiding dilation problems and
allowing use of a light-weight hose.
Although the embodiments described have particularly related to
dispensing and blending of petroleum, the metering system is
equally applicable to dispensing other liquids such as milk or to
dispensing gases such as domestic gas supplies and to mixing
totally different products such as petroleum and lubricating
oil.
* * * * *