U.S. patent number 3,905,437 [Application Number 05/490,056] was granted by the patent office on 1975-09-16 for electrically drivable wheelchair.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Kabushiki Kaisha U. M. I.. Invention is credited to Takeo Hirota, Yasuharu Kaiho.
United States Patent |
3,905,437 |
Kaiho , et al. |
September 16, 1975 |
Electrically drivable wheelchair
Abstract
In a wheelchair for disabled persons having side wheels with
hand rims, an electric driving unit comprising: a main body
including an electric motor; a jack portion having a member moved
by a jackscrew driven by the electric motor; and driving wheels
driven by the electric motor through a speed-reduction device is
pivotally connected to a rear part of the wheelchair through a
supporting lever and spring means, whereby the wheelchair can be
driven by the electric motor when the driving wheel is brought down
to contact the ground surface particularly in climbing and
descending a step such as a curb of a sidewalk.
Inventors: |
Kaiho; Yasuharu (Akikawa,
JA), Hirota; Takeo (Zushi, JA) |
Assignee: |
Kabushiki Kaisha U. M. I.
(Tokyo, JA)
|
Family
ID: |
13817525 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/490,056 |
Filed: |
July 19, 1974 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Jul 27, 1973 [JA] |
|
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48-83975 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
180/15; 180/65.6;
180/907; 254/425; 280/5.3 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61G
5/1054 (20161101); A61G 5/06 (20130101); A61G
5/047 (20130101); Y10S 180/907 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61G
5/06 (20060101); A61G 5/00 (20060101); A61G
5/04 (20060101); B60s 009/20 () |
Field of
Search: |
;180/11,12,13,65R,DIG.3,14R,15,16 ;280/5.3,5.2,5.32 ;297/DIG.4
;254/86R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Betts; Kenneth H.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Fitzpatrick, Cella, Harper &
Scinto
Claims
What we claim is:
1. In a wheelchair of the type having a chassis, a pair of side
wheels with hand rims, and at least one front wheel, the improved
combination thereof with an electric driving means comprising a
main body including an electric motor, a jack portion including
free-running mechanisms and a jackscrew coupled to said electric
motor, and driving wheels also coupled to said electric motor, said
electric driving means being attached extensibly and contractably
to a rear part on the wheelchair through supporting means and
spring means.
2. A wheelchair as set forth in claim 1 wherein said means for
supporting said electric driving means comprises a V-shaped lever
two ends of which are pivotally connected to the rear part of said
chassis, and the central part of which is pivotally coupled to a
movable part of said jack portion through a king pin.
3. A wheelchair as set forth in claim 1 wherein two spring means
are used, each having forward and rear ends pivotally connected to
a rear part of the wheel chair and the main body of the electric
driving means, respectively.
4. A wheelchair as set forth in claim 1 wherein there are further
provided auxiliary tilting means comprising a control handle and a
tilting lever, an end of each of said control handle and tilting
lever being pivotally connected to a forward part of the chassis
through a commonly provided pivot pin, and a spring member extended
between suitable positions on the said control handle and tilting
lever.
5. A wheelchair as set forth in claim 1 wherein a worm-wheel device
is interposed between said electric motor and said drive
wheels.
6. A wheelchair as set forth in claim 5 wherein a free wheel device
is further provided between the worm-wheel device and the driving
wheels.
7. A wheelchair as set forth in claim 2 wherein said jack portion
further comprises a stationary member rigidly coupled with the main
body, and a member which is moved upon rotation of said jackscrew
and coupled with said V-shaped lever through said king pin.
8. A wheelchair as set forth in claim 7 wherein said free-running
mechanisms release the coupling between the movable member and the
electric motor when the movable member reaches the extremities of
its stroke.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to wheelchairs for disabled
persons, and more particularly to a type thereof provided with an
electric power drive so that it is driven to climb or descend a
step as a curb (or kerb) of a sidewalk.
Ordinarily, a wheelchair for a disabled person comprises a chassis,
a pair of side wheels of a comparatively large diameter with hand
rims attached thereto, respectively, for manually driving the
wheelchair, and one or more of front wheels of a comparatively
small diameter. Although a wheelchair of this kind can operate
satisfactorily to some extent, being maneuvered in forward and
reverse running and steering to change direction by manually
operating the hand rims, a serious difficulty is encountered when
an attempt is made to climb or descend a step such as that of a
sidewalk or the like.
Of course, the disabled person may strive hard and succeed in
bringing the front wheels to ride onto the step by tilting the
entire wheelchair backwardly and advancing it slightly forwardly,
but it is almost impossible to lift the side wheels upwardly over
the step by manually rotating the hand rims, and even if it is
possible, a great effort must be exerted for a certain period of
time. Furthermore, there is a high probability of severe impact
loads being frequently applied not only to the wheels and structure
of the wheelchair, but also to the body of the disabled person,
when either of the front wheels and the rear wheels collide against
the flank of the step or when the wheels failing to climb the step
drop back onto the surface of the ground, thus giving rise to
damage or breakage of the wheelchair.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
With the above described difficulty accompanying the conventional
wheelchairs in view, a primary object of the present invention is
to provide a wheelchair for disabled persons, which can be driven
by an electric motor when it is desired, so that the climbing or
descending of the wheelchair over a step is facilitated.
Another object of the invention is to provide an electrically
drivable wheelchair which may also be driven manually as in the
ordinary case so that delicate maneuvers of the wheelchair are
thereby made possible.
These and other objects have been achieved by the present
invention, according to which, briefly summarized, there is
provided an electrically drivable wheelchair of a type having a
chassis, a pair of side wheels with hand rims attached thereto, and
at least one front wheel, wherein there is provided the improvement
comprising an electric driving means including a main body and a
jack portion, the main body including an electric motor operatively
connected with a wheel for driving the wheelchair, the jack portion
including a jackscrew also driven by the electric motor, and means
for supporting the electric driving means apart from a rear part of
the chassis in a manner such that the driving wheel can be lifted
from the ground when the jack portion of the electric driving means
is contracted by the operation of the electric motor.
Preferably, the above-mentioned supporting means comprises a
V-shaped lever having two ends pivotally connected to a rear part
of the chassis and a central portion pivotally coupled to the jack
portion of the electric driving means through a king pin, and
spring means connecting the main body of the electric driving means
to the rear part of the chassis.
Preferably, a tilting means manually operable may be further
provided in the wheelchair for lifting the front wheel upward from
the ground level and driving forward the same over a limited
distance.
The nature, principle, and utility of the present invention will be
more clearly understood from the following detailed description of
the invention when read in conjunction with the accompanying
drawings wherein like parts are designated by like reference
numerals.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a left side elevation showing the outline of an
electrically drivable wheelchair according to the present
invention;
FIG. 2(a) is a front view showing the construction of an electrical
power device which is adapted for driving the wheelchair of this
invention;
FIG. 2(b) is a plan view showing a spring mechanism used for
securing the lower part of the electric power device to the
wheelchair;
FIG. 3 is a left side elevation of the wheelchair in a state
wherein it is being electrically driven on a level road;
FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic left side elevation showing progressive
operational states of the wheelchair of this invention in climbing
a curb (or kerb) of a sidewalk;
FIG. 5 is a similar diagrammatic left side elevation showing
progressive operational states of the wheelchair in descending the
curb (or kerb);
FIG. 6 is a left side elevation of the wheelchair showing still
another operation thereof wherein the wheelchair is inclined
backwardly before it climbs a curb or the like with the aid of an
auxiliary mechanism;
FIG. 7 is a left elevation, partly in section, showing details of
construction of the electric power device for driving the
wheelchair and parts associated therewith; and
FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing an example of electrical
connection between an electric motor and a switch used for
electrically driving the wheelchair.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring now to FIGS. 1, 7, and 8, there is indicated an example
of a wheelchair generally designated by numeral 1 and provided with
an electric power drive movably attached to suitable rear members 2
of the chassis through V-shaped lever 6 and two spring means 7. The
electric power drive comprises a hollow main body 3 containing an
electric motor 21, a jack 4 including a jackscrew 14 coupled to the
electric motor 21, and a driving wheel 5 rotatably mounted on the
lower end of the main body 3 to be driven by the electric motor
21.
The main body 3 may be of any suitable configuration having an
inner space encasing the electric motor 21, the shaft thereof
extending upwardly and downwardly. The jack 4 comprises a
stationary member 4a rigidly coupled to the upper end of the main
body 3, a movable member 4b having a portion turnably coupled to
the central portion of the V-shaped lever 6 through a king pin 11,
and the jackscrew 14, the lower end of which is coupled through a
free-running mechanism 15a to the upper end of the driving shaft of
the electric motor 21 so that the jackscrew 14 is rotated around
its longitudinal axis by the electric motor 21.
Another free-running mechanism 15b including a nut (not shown)
engaging with the jackscrew 14 is interposed between the movable
member 4b and the jackscrew 14, so that when the jackscrew is
rotated in one direction, thereby extending the movable member 4b
of the jack 4 to the uppermost position, the coupling between the
nut and the movable member 4b is released by the free-running
mechanism 15b, and the jackscrew 14 is rotated in a free-running
state together with the nut.
Likewise, when the jackscrew 14 is rotated in the opposite
direction, thereby shifting the movable member 4b of the jack 4 to
the lowermost position, the coupling between the jackscrew 14 and
the motor shaft is released by the free-running mechanism 15a.
The main body 3 is further provided with a chamber, into which the
downwardly extending portion of the motor shaft is extended. A worm
17 is mounted on the end portion of the shaft, and a worm wheel 18
engaging therewith is mounted on the shaft 19 for driving the wheel
5 via a free-wheel 20.
Since the two ends of the V-shaped lever 6 are pivotally connected
to the rear members 2 of the chassis, and the forward ends and the
rearward ends of two spring means 7 are pivotally connected to the
rear members 2 and the main body 3 of the electric power drive,
respectively, full extension of the jack 4 causes the main body 3
of the electric power drive to be lowered until the driving wheel 5
is brought into contact with the ground surface. Furthermore, the
rotation of the electric motor 21 in the direction to extend the
jack 4 causes the driving wheel 5 to rotate through the worm 17 and
worm wheel 18 in a direction driving the wheelchair forward, and
the advancing speed of the wheelchair, that is the forward rotating
speed of the driving wheel 5, is selected to match the extending
speed of the jack 4 such that the wheelchair can easily override a
step of a sidewalk or the like. It is a characteristic feature of
the invention that the ratio between the two speeds can be easily
preset to a suitable value.
For supplying an electric power to the electric motor 21, and for
controlling the operation of the electric motor 21 in normal
rotation, stop, and in reverse rotation, a battery 8 and a
three-position control switch 9 are provided in the wheel
chair.
In addition to the electric power drive and the supporting means,
the wheelchair 1 is further provided with a manually operable
tilting mechanism comprising at least one tiltable lever 12 and a
manually operable handle 13, both pivotally connected with a
forward member of the chassis, and a tension spring 16 stretched
between a position a on the handle 13 and another position b on the
tilting lever 12, whereby the tilting lever 12 is lifted in a
snapping manner when the handle 13 is raised into a vertical
position past a dead-center point as shown in FIG. 1, while the
lever 12 is lowered also in the snapping manner when the handle 13
is lowered into a somewhat horizontal position 13a, as indicated by
two-dot chain lines in FIG. 1.
For operating the wheelchair of the above description in a state
driven by the electric power drive on a level road as shown in FIG.
3, the tilting lever 12 is lifted upward by elevating the handle 13
vertically, and then the control switch 9 is brought into the
"forward" operating position. Thus the electric motor 21 starts to
rotate in the normal direction thereby extending the jack 4 and
rotating the driving wheel 5 in the direction for forward driving
of the wheelchair. The spring means 7 are now extended, and the
driving wheel 5 is lowered until it contacts the surface of the
road thereby to start driving the wheelchair. In this state, the
jack 4 is fully extended, and the free-running mechanism 15b
releases the coupling, thereby leaving the jackscrew 14 in the
freerunning condition.
When the control switch 9 is shifted to the "stop" position, the
rotation of the electric motor 21 is stopped, and the wheelchair is
kept in the stopped position with all members held in the state
shown in FIG. 3.
When the switch 9 is placed in the "reverse" position, the
jackscrew is rotated in the reverse direction thereby contracting
the jack 4. The electric power drive is now lifted upwardly and
ultimately held at a position, as indicated in FIG. 1, where the
driving wheel 5 is separated from the surface of the ground by a
predetermined distance. When the mechanism assumes this state
wherein the jack 4 is fully contracted, the free-running mechanism
15a releases the coupling between the jackscrew 14 and the motor
shaft.
Furthermore, at the time when the switch 9 has just been placed in
the reverse position while the driving wheel 5 is still contacting
the road surface, the electric motor 21 is started to rotate in the
reverse direction as described hereinbefore, and the driving wheel
5 is caused to rotate in the reverse direction, thereby tending to
drive the wheelchair rearward. This tendency, however, is prevented
because of the interposition of the free-wheel 20 between the
worm-wheel shaft 19 and the driving wheel 5, and also by the fact
that the driving wheel 5 is lifted instantaneously from the surface
of the ground.
When it is desired to change the direction of travel while the
wheelchair is being driven by the electric power drive as described
hereinbefore with reference to FIG. 3, the rotation of the
appropriate one of the large side wheels is braked manually by
holding the hand rim attached thereto.
In FIG. 4, there is indicated diagrammatically the operation of the
wheelchair for upwardly overriding a step 10 of, for instance, a
curb of a sidewalk. In the diagram, the positions of the center of
the hand-operated side wheels at different instants are indicated
sequentially at A, B, and C, respectively. In this case, although
the wheelchair is driven by the electric power drive, the power
drive device is once elevated from the lowered state shown in FIG.
3 to the elevated position shown in FIG. 1. Then the entire
wheelchair is tilted backward by, for instance, the disabled person
tilting his body backward, so that the front wheel is elevated from
the surface of the road, and the wheelchair is supported on the
road by the side wheels the center of which is now at the point A
and by the driving wheel 5 of the power drive which may, but not
necessarily, be brought into contact with the road surface 1
(hereinafter designated as the state A).
At this moment, the handle 13 of the auxiliary tilting mechanism is
manually lowered to the position 13a, whereupon the tilting lever
12 descends in a snapping manner to the position 12a as
aforementioned, so that the lower tip of the tilting lever 12
contacts the surface of the ground. Then, the wheelchair is moved
rearward manually by operating the hand rims of the side wheels for
a distance sufficient to bring the tilting lever 12 to tilt from
the vertical position slightly backwardly as shown in FIG. 6, so
that the wheelchair is further tilted backward, and the front wheel
is thereby further elevated.
In the case where the driving wheel 5 is not yet contacting with
the ground surface, the electric switch 9 is again operated thereby
to lower the electric power drive downward until the driving wheel
5 contacts the ground surface. Simultaneous, the handle 13 is
operated thereby to lift the tilting lever 12 upwardly, and the
wheelchair is advanced manually until forward parts of the side
wheels contact the edge of the step 10 and the centers of the side
wheels are brought to the position B with the front wheel being
held above the step as shown in FIG. 4.
With the wheelchair in this state, the electric switch 9 is
operated again to the forward position to operate the electric
motor 21 in the normal direction, so that the jack 4 is further
extended and the driving wheel 5 is thereby driven forwardly. Thus,
the wheelchair is driven over the step thereby bringing the center
of the side wheels to the position C. At this stage of the
operation, the wheelchair is brought back to the horizontal state
because the center of the gravity of the wheelchair is forwardly of
the contact position between the edge of the step 10 and the side
wheels, and the front wheel is caused to contact the top surface of
the step 10.
It is of course possible to aid the above described electric-power
drive of the wheelchair by manually rotating the hand rims, and in
this manner the wheelchair can surmount a step higher than the
above described step 10.
The electrically drivable wheelchair can descend a step as
described below with reference to FIG. 5.
The wheelchair is first moved rearward until the centers of the
side wheels are brought to a position D approximately above the
front edge of the step 10. At this position, the jack 4 is again
operated to the fully extended state until the driving wheel 5
descends to contact the surface of the ground below the step 10.
Then the motor 21 is operated reversely to contract the jack 4
while a braking force is applied by hand to the hand rims, so that
the side wheels are gradually lowered over the step 10, the centers
thereof being moved through a position E to a position F at which
the side wheels are fully contacting the ground surface below the
step 10. The front wheel is then lowered with or without the use of
the auxiliary tilting lever 12 from the step 10, whereupon the
descending operation of the wheelchair is completed.
The advantageous features of the electrically operable wheelchair
according to the present invention may be listed as follows.
1. When the wheelchair is not in the electrically operable state,
the driving wheel 5 is lifted above the ground level, whereby the
wheelchair can be operated as an ordinary manually operated
wheelchair, and its feature of easy maneuver is in no way hampered
by the provision of the electric power drive.
2. Since the driving wheel is provided on the rear side of the
wheelchair, the wheelchair can be driven electrically as described
thus allowing the wheelchair to run at a higher speed. Furthermore,
the provision of the driving wheel prevents the wheelchair from
being upset rearward, and the wheelchair can be maintained safely
in the state wherein the front wheel is placed above the step.
3. Since the jackscrew and the driving wheel are rotated by a
single electric motor 21. The ratio between the driving speed of
the wheel 5 and the extending speed of the jack 4 can be preset to
a suitable value, and also an electric power drive of small size
and light weight can thereby be realized. Furthermore, since the
road driving and ascending and descending of a step can be attained
by the operation of an electric switch having forward, stop, and
reverse positions, the control of the wheelchair can be
substantially simplified.
4. When the wheelchair is driven electrically, the running speed
thereof can be regulated by simultaneously operating the side
wheels. Furthermore, the running direction of the wheelchair can be
changed without using a steering handle or the like, but simply
applying a braking force to either one of the side wheels, and the
direction of the wheelchair can be easily changed with the aid of a
king pin.
5. In addition, the electric power driven can be easily installed
on substantially any type of conventional wheelchair.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to
a preferred example thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled
in the art that various alterations and modifications can be
carried out without departing from the scope of the present
invention. For instance, the free wheel 20 provided between the
worm-wheel shaft 19 and the driving wheel 5 may be constructed in
the form of a simple hub including a non-reversible ratchet wheel,
or the two free-running mechanisms 15a and 15b may be replaced by a
single mechanism which can release the nut member upon activation
by two stop members.
* * * * *