U.S. patent number 3,580,591 [Application Number 04/786,695] was granted by the patent office on 1971-05-25 for wheelchair attachment.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Lovelace Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Invention is credited to H. Franklin Coffey, Samuel T. Powers.
United States Patent |
3,580,591 |
Coffey , et al. |
May 25, 1971 |
WHEELCHAIR ATTACHMENT
Abstract
Wheelchair attachments, ordinarily installed in pairs, for
enabling patients confined to wheelchairs to easily negotiate
obstacles, such as curbs, in a conventional wheelchair having two
small front wheels and two large rear wheels which the patient
manually rotates to propel and maneuver the wheelchair. Each
attachment includes an elevating member attachable to an axle of
one of large rear wheels and having one or more prongs extending
for a distance greater than the distance from the point at which
the elevating member is attached to the wheelchair to the ground so
that to mount a curb or similar obstacle the wheelchair can be made
to stand on the elevating member with the large wheels elevated
above the ground and against the curb or obstacle. The large wheels
can then be manually rotated while against the curb to cause the
wheelchair to climb the curb. The attachments of the invention must
be used with a second attachment which includes an extendible
wheel, or dolly, which is connectable to the wheelchair through
supporting members and which can be manually extended backwards by
the patient to a locked position. When both dollies of a pair of
attachments are in this extended and locked position, the
wheelchair can be tilted backwards manually to rest in a stable,
tilted position on the two large wheels and the extended dollies or
wheels with the two small front wheels, or casters, elevated. Curbs
and other obstacles can then be simply negotiated in this tilted
position by manually rotating the two large wheels so as to cause
the wheelchair to stand on the pair of elevating members and then
to climb the obstacle.
Inventors: |
Coffey; H. Franklin
(Albuquerque, NM), Powers; Samuel T. (Tijeras, NM) |
Assignee: |
Lovelace Foundation for Medical
Education and Research (Albuquerque, NM)
|
Family
ID: |
25139342 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/786,695 |
Filed: |
December 24, 1968 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
280/5.32;
280/5.28 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61G
5/1089 (20161101); A61G 5/06 (20130101); A61G
5/063 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61G
5/06 (20060101); A61G 5/00 (20060101); A61G
5/10 (20060101); B62b 005/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;280/5.32,5.28,5.2,5.3,(DIG. 10)/ ;297/(DIG. 4)/ |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
202,927 |
|
Jun 1907 |
|
DD |
|
324,830 |
|
Sep 1920 |
|
DD |
|
Primary Examiner: Friaglia; Leo
Claims
We claim:
1. A wheelchair attachment for overcoming obstacles in a wheelchair
with a pair of driving wheels, each having an axle, comprising
means mountable on said wheelchair for enabling said wheels to be
elevated above the ground including stilt means with a member
attached to said axle of one of said wheels having a length greater
than the distance from said axle to the ground and a spiked wheel
connected to the end of said member which contacts the ground, said
member being manually rotatable from a storage position to an
operative position in contact with the ground and further rotatable
in response to manual rotation of said wheels to cause said wheels
to be elevated.
2. An attachment as in claim 1 wherein said stilt means includes a
member and spiked wheel attached to each said axle.
3. An attachment as in claim 2 wherein said member terminates in a
single end which contacts the ground.
4. An attachment as in claim 2 wherein said member terminates in
two ends at different distances from the point of said member
attached to said axle.
5. In combination, wheelchair attachments for a wheelchair with a
pair of driving wheels comprising,
wheelchair-supporting means mountable behind said wheelchair so
that said wheelchair can be tilted backwards to a stable tilted
position in which at least a portion of the weight of said
wheelchair and the weight supported by said wheelchair is supported
by said supporting means, and
means mountable on said wheelchair for enabling said wheels to be
elevated above the ground while said wheelchair is tilted
backwards.
6. An attachment as in claim 5 wherein said attachments are for
overcoming obstacles and wherein said supporting means includes
means for holding said supporting means in position supporting said
wheelchair during the time said wheelchair is operated to overcome
said obstacle, and said enabling means includes stilt means
manually rotatable from a storage to a operative position and
further rotatable in response to manual rotation of said wheels to
cause said wheels to be elevated.
7. An attachment as in claim 1 wherein said wheelchair includes a
pair of small front wheels and said driving wheels include a pair
of large rear wheels which are manually operated to move said
wheelchair, wherein said supporting means includes at least a
single wheel and wherein said wheelchair is operated to overcome
said obstacle by manually rotating said large rear wheels.
8. An attachment as in claim 7 wherein said supporting means
includes at least two of said single wheels, each independently
attached to said wheelchair.
9. An attachment as in claim 8 including manually operable means
for moving each of said single wheels from a storage position to an
operative position in which said wheelchair can be tilted backwards
to said stable position and for moving each of said single wheels
to said storage from said operative position.
10. An attachment as in claim 9 including means to lock each of
said single wheels in said operative position.
11. An attachment as in claim 10 wherein said supporting means
includes a first member connected at one end to one of said single
wheels to as to allow said one single wheel to rotate freely and at
the other end pivotably connected to said wheelchair, said first
member having a length less than the distance from the point said
first member is attached to said wheelchair to the ground when said
wheelchair is in the upright position, a second member pivotably
connected one end to said first member between said ends, and a
third member pivotably attached at one end to the other end of said
second member and pivotably connected to said wheelchair at a point
lower than the point of connection to said first member at the
other end of said third member so that said first member can be
pivoted about its point of connection to said wheelchair to extend
said one single wheel backwards by manually pushing downward on the
point of connection between said second and third members.
12. An attachment as in claim 11 wherein each of said wheels has an
axle and said stilt means includes a member attachable to said axle
of one of said wheels and having a length greater than the distance
from said axle to the ground.
13. An attachment as in claim 12 including a spiked wheel connected
to an end of said member which contacts the ground.
14. An attachment as in claim 13 wherein said stilt means includes
a member and spiked wheel attached to each said axle.
15. An attachment as in claim 14 wherein said member terminates in
a single end which contacts the ground.
16. An attachment as in claim 15 wherein said member terminates in
two ends at different distances from the point of said member
attached to said axle.
17. A wheelchair comprising:
a pair of small front wheels,
a pair of manually rotatable rear wheels,
frame means connected to said front and rear wheels and forming a
seat,
wheelchair-supporting means mounted on said frame means including
first and second supporting wheels, means attaching said supporting
wheels to said frame means and means for moving said supporting
wheels from a storage position with said supporting wheels above
the ground and adjacent said rear wheels a tilted position
rearwardly spaced from said rear wheels and in which at least a
portion of the weight of said wheelchair and the weight supported
by said wheelchair is supported by said supporting means, and
means mounted on said wheelchair for enabling said rear wheels to
be elevated above the ground.
18. A wheelchair as in claim 17 wherein said supporting means
includes a pair of extendible wheels.
19. A wheelchair as in claim 18 wherein said supporting means is
movable from a storage to an operative position and from said
operative to said storage position and, wherein said enabling means
is movable to a storage to an operative position and from an
operative to a storage position.
20. A method of operating a wheelchair driven by a pair of wheels
to overcome obstacles comprising the steps of
tilting the wheelchair backwards until the wheelchair is in a
stable tilted position in which the weight of the wheelchair and
the weight supported by the wheelchair is at least partially
supported by supporting means mounted behind said wheelchair
elevating the driving wheels above the ground and then against the
obstacle to be overcome, and
manipulating said wheelchair in said stable tilted elevated
position to climb said obstacle.
21. A method as in claim 20 including the step of manually shifting
said supporting means from a storage to an operative position.
22. A method as in claim 21 including the step of manually shifting
said supporting means from said operative to said storage position
after said obstacle has been overcome.
23. A method of overcoming obstacles in a wheelchair having a pair
of small front wheels, a pair of large manually rotatable rear
wheels, a pair of extendible wheels manually movable from a storage
position to a stable, operative position in which said extendible
wheels are behind said rear wheels and are elevated above the
ground when said wheelchair rests on said front and rear wheels and
stilt means mounted on the axle of said large wheels and having a
member whose length is greater than the distance from said axle to
the ground so that said large wheels can be elevated above the
ground by rotating the large wheels when the stilt means is placed
in contact of the ground in front of the large wheel comprising the
steps of:
manually moving said extendible wheels from said storage to said
operative position,
manually moving said stilt means from said storage to said
operative position,
manually tilting said wheelchair backwards, to a stable tilted
position in which said wheelchair rests on said extendible wheels
and said rear wheels,
manually rotating said rear wheels to cause said large wheels to be
elevated and to contact said obstacle above said ground,
manually continuing the rotation of said rear wheel to cause said
wheelchair to overcome said obstacle,
manually returning said extendible wheels to said storage position
after said obstacle has been overcome, and
manually returning said stilt means to said storage position after
said obstacle has been overcome.
24. A method of overcoming obstacles in a wheelchair having two
driving wheels and an elevating member attached to each of said
wheels, rotatable about the center of said wheels and having a
length greater than the point of attachment of said member to said
wheel to the ground so that said wheelchair can be made to rise,
with said wheels elevated, onto said members comprising the steps
of:
manually rotating both of said members so that said members contact
the ground,
rotating said wheels so that said wheels are elevated above the
ground and then moved into contact with said obstacle, and
continuing rotating said wheels so that said wheelchair climbs said
obstacle.
25. A wheelchair attachment for overcoming obstacles in a
wheelchair with a pair of driving wheels, each having an axle,
comprising means mountable on said wheelchair for enabling said
wheels to be elevated above the ground including stilt means with a
member attached to said axle of one of said wheels having a length
greater than the distance from said axle to the ground and a wheel
connected to the end of said member which contacts the ground, said
member being manually rotatable from a storage position to an
operative position in contact with the ground and further rotatable
in response to manual rotation of said wheels to cause said wheels
to be elevated.
26. An attachment for a wheelchair with a pair of driving wheels
attached to an axle comprising means mountable on said wheelchair
for enabling said wheels to be elevated above the ground for
overcoming obstacles, said enabling means including stilt means
with a member attached to said axle and terminating at two ends at
different distances from the point of attachment of said member to
said axle, said member being manually rotatable from a storage
position to an operative position with one of said ends in contact
with the ground and further rotatable in response to manual
rotation of said wheels to cause said wheels to be elevated with
the other of said ends in contact with the ground.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to simple attachments to wheelchairs for
enabling patients confined to wheelchairs to mount curbs and
overcome other obstacles.
For the disabled individual, who has temporarily or permanently
lost the use of his legs and must depend upon mechanical, usually
manually operated, substitutes, such as wheelchairs, to move
himself about, many of the minor obstacles and obstructions, which
those fortunate individuals who can walk manage without difficulty
and usually without notice, become extremely difficult to negotiate
and, too often, insurmountable. Despite increased public awareness
of the need to provide special facilities, such as ramps, which
those individuals who are confined to wheelchairs can use, a short
walk through any populated area quickly reveals many obstacles such
as curbs, stairs, broken sidewalks and the like which, to an
individual in a wheelchair, can make even a short trip a hazardous
adventure. The present invention relates to simple attachments
which can be quickly and easily affixed to conventional existing
wheelchairs and which enable a wheelchair confined individual to
easily overcome minor obstacles without great effort or skill.
Many attempts have been made in the prior art to produce either a
wheelchair which can climb over or otherwise overcome obstacles or
attachments to wheelchairs to enable such obstacles to be overcome.
For example, the patents to Zamotin, U.S. Pat. No. 3,259,396, and
Bennett et al. U.S. Pat. No. 2,701,005, show two types of
wheelchairs of the prior art which purportedly can climb curbs and
obstacles. However such devices have not found ready acceptance,
perhaps because of their complexity or expense or some other
problems. This invention relates to simple, inexpensive, reliable
attachments which can be easily and quickly affixed to wheelchairs
and which not only perform satisfactorily but which can be attached
to conventional wheelchairs.
The wheelchair attachments of this invention are ordinarily used in
pairs, each of the attachments being connected to one of the large
wheels, which are conventionally manually rotated to propel the
wheelchair, so that the wheelchair can be made to stand on the
attachments with the large wheels clear of the ground and against a
curb or similar obstacle so that these large wheels can then be
employed to climb the curb. In the embodiment set forth below, each
attachment includes an elevating member which has one or more
extending prongs and which is attachable to the axle of a large
wheel so that the member is manually rotatable about that axle but
does no normally rotate with the wheel. The distance from the point
of attachment of the member to the axle to a small spiked wheel
which is mounted for free rotation about each extending prong is
designedly greater than the distance from the point of attachment
to the ground so that when the member is manually rotated until one
of the spiked wheels is against the ground and then the large
wheels are further rotated, the wheelchair is caused to rise
stiltlike upon the two elevating members with the two large wheels
off the ground. If, in this elevated position, the large wheels are
leaning against a curb or similar obstacle, the large wheels can be
simply rotated to cause the wheelchair to climb the curb or
obstacle. If a pronged member having two or more prongs is
employed, the wheelchair progressively is lifted from a first
elevated position to a second position etc. in which the large
wheels are successively further from the ground.
Each pair of elevating attachment is preferably employed with a
second pair of different attachments each of which is comprised on
an elongated member, a dolly or wheel, a supporting connection made
up of two rods, and means for connecting the elongated member and
one of the rods to the wheelchair. The elongated member of each of
a pair of these attachments is preferably attached to the
wheelchair, in the embodiment set forth below, and particularly to
each of the conventionally provided handgrips at the top of the
wheelchair back. The length of this elongated member is chosen to
be less than the distance from the handgrip to the ground. Attached
to the other end of each elongated member is the small wheel or
dolly, which has been called a drop-back dolly, and which is
similar to the small permanently attached front wheel of the
wheelchair itself. Also attached to a point between the ends of
this elongated member is one of the rods of the supporting
connection, which as mentioned above, is made up of the two rods
serially connected together, and forming a pivot at their point of
connection. The other of the rods of this supporting connection is
then attached to the wheelchair and preferably to the main rod
which runs beneath and supports the wheelchair seat and back and
which is attached to the axle of each large wheel. In a storage
position, each dolly or wheel is positioned roughly below handgrip
to which it is connected. This second pair of attachments is
detailed in a patent application entitled WHEELCHAIR ATTACHMENT
Ser. No. 778,458, filed Nov. 25, 1968.
To employ both pairs of attachments to mount an obstacle such as a
curb, the dollies of each of the second pair of attachments are
extended backwards by manually pushing downward on the pivot point
between the two rods making up the supporting connection until the
two rods lock by means of a scissor mechanism or the like. Next,
both of the elevating members are rotated until one of the spiked
wheels, of each member, is in contact with the ground and in front
of a large wheel. After the dollies or extendible wheels are so
extended to the operative position, the wheelchair can be easily
tilted backwards so that the front two wheels are elevated, and the
wheelchair rests at an angle of about 45.degree. in a stable
position on the two large wheels and the two extended dollies.
The curb can now be mounted by moving the large wheels in the usual
manner until the large wheels rise on the elevating members and the
large wheels are directly applied against the curb substantially
above the base of the curb. The wheelchair now rests on the two
dollies, the two large wheels and the two elevating members. The
large wheels can now be manually rotated to climb the curb with the
two backwardly extending dollies or wheels remaining on the lower
surface, and the elevating member being rotated by the curb to a
position behind each large wheel. After the two large wheels are
atop the curb or obstacle, the wheelchair can now be tilted forward
again by shifting the body weight so that the wheelchair returns to
its normal upright position resting atop the curb on the two large
wheels and the two small front wheels. Each of the extended dollies
or wheels, which are once again elevated, can now be manually
rotated back to their storage position by manually releasing each
of the locking arrangements and pulling upward on each of the pivot
points at which the two rods making up each supporting connection
are linked. The elevating members can then also be returned to
their storage positions by manual rotation about the axles of the
large wheels.
Many other objects and purposes of this invention will be clear
after reading the following detailed description of the
drawings.
A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a conventional wheelchair with the elevating
attachments of this invention and the additional pair of dollies
shown in the storage position.
FIG. 2 shows a view of the attachment which enables the wheelchair
to be tilted backwards to a stable position.
FIG. 3 shows a front view of the elevating attachment.
FIG. 4 shows a side view of the elevating attachment.
FIG. 5 shows a view of a wheelchair with both pairs of attachments
in the operative position about to climb a curb.
FIG. 6 shows a view of a wheelchair with both pairs of attachments
in the midst of climbing a curb.
FIG. 7 shows a front view at another embodiment of the elevating
attachment with a single prong.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Reference is now made to FIG. 1 which shows a conventional
wheelchair 20 with a pair of the elevating attachments 21 of this
invention added thereto, together with a pair of attachments 50, to
enable a wheelchair confined patient to negotiate curbs, inclines,
rough terrain, sand and rocks, and other obstacles with a minimum
of difficulty or danger. The wheelchair 20 is conventional with a
cloth back 22, a seat 24, armrests 26 and 27, a footrest 28, small
front wheels 30 and 32, and manually operated large rear wheels 34
and 36. The operator of the wheelchair 20 is supported by a frame
which includes a pair of vertically disposed posts 40 and 42, which
have a cloth sheet or similar structure stretched between them to
make up the back 22 and which extend downward and are permanently
attached to the axles 41 and 43, respectively, of the large wheels
34 and 36, respectively, and also to horizontally supporting
members 44 and 46, respectively. The posts 40 and 42 terminate in
handgrips 51 and 53 which are provided so that the wheelchair 20
can be easily pushed by another as well as manually propelled by
the operator. The horizontal members 44 and 46 in turn support
front posts 47 and 48 which connect to the armrests 26 and 27, and
which also support the struts which form the seat 24, In short, the
wheelchair 20 shown in FIG. 1, is a simple conventional wheelchair
which is locomoted by the patient manually rotating the large
wheels 34 and 36 so that the wheelchair and patient are propelled
in the direction which the patient chooses. In addition, the
wheelchair 20 shown in FIG. 1 preferably is collapsible for storage
and capable of being made ready for use from storage in a few
seconds.
As mentioned above, the pair of elevating attachments 21, which
function in a stiltlike fashion to enable each of the large wheels
34 and 36 to be lifted off the ground and applied to a curb or
other obstacle at a point considerably above the base of the curb,
are respectively. In FIG. 1, both of the elevating attachments 21
are shown in the storage position in which they in no way interfere
with the normal operation of the wheelchair 20 nor rotate with the
wheels 34 and 36. At the same time both of the attachments 21 much
be capable of being manually rotated to an operative position where
the spiked wheels 82 of the shorter prongs 84 of the attachment 21
contact the ground, as shown in FIG. 5.
Any suitable means of connection between the wheelchair 20 and the
attachments 21 can be used. However, as shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4,
the attachment 21 of this embodiment is provided with two apertures
86 and 88 connected by a slot 90 and the attachment 21 is connected
to the axle 41 by removing the nonrotating bolt (not shown) which
conventionally holds the axle 41 in place, and running the bolt
through the aperture 86 or 88 through which it best fits so that
the attachment 21 is held firmly but not immovably in place by the
hub 94. Thus, the attachment is automatically held in the storage
position during normal movement of the wheelchair 20 while easily
and manually rotatable to the operative position, shown in FIG. 5,
for climbing curbs and other obstacles.
As can be seen in FIGS. 3 and 4, the attachment 21, which has been
called a Curb Leveler, is made up of two extending prongs 84 and
94, both of which emanate from an upper portion 96 from which the
apertures 86 and 88 and the slot 90 has been removed. For reasons
which will become apparent below, the prong 84 is made deliberately
shorter than the prong 94.
Connected to the end of the prong 84 is a small spiked wheel 82 and
to the end of the prong 94 is another small spiked wheel 98. Each
of the wheels 82 and 98 is mounted within holders 100 and 102
respectively, and the holders 100 and 102 are permanently and
immovably connected to the prongs 84 and 94 respectively, for
example, by welding. Preferably, the wheels 82 and 98 are permitted
rotate freely.
As can be seen in FIG. 4, the attachment 21 is bent outward from
its point of connection to the axle 41 at a point roughly
designated as 104 in order to avoid contacting the rim or tire of
the wheel 34. Further, a lateral member 108 roughly parallels the
rim of the wheel 34 and provides additional support for the prongs
84 and 94. As shown in FIG. 4, the member 108 curves about and
protects the rims of the wheels 34 and 36.
Each of the pair of attachments 21 is intended to be left in place
when the wheelchair 20 is collapsed and stored and each can be
quickly and simply removed or attached. Further, no particular
material or dimensions for the attachment 21 is required but, of
course, the attachments 21 must be sufficiently strong to
temporarily support at least most of the weight of the wheelchair
20 as well as the weight supported by the wheelchair 20.
Moreover, FIG. 1 also shows the two attachments 50 which are
detailed in the aforementioned application Ser. No. 778,458, filed
Nov. 25, 1968, attached to the conventional wheelchair 20. Each of
these attachments 50 is virtually identical and each can be left in
position while the wheelchair 20 is collapsed for storage.
Reference is now made to FIG. 2 which shows in detail one of the
attachments 50. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the dolly or wheel 52,
which is used to catch the wheelchair 20 when it is tilted
backward, is supported directly by an elongated member 54 which
allows it to rotate freely in a conventional manner. The member 54
is in turn pivotally attached to an upper member 58 which is
preferably attached to the wheelchair handle 51 or 53, as shown in
FIG. 1, by cutting or removing the end of the rubber or plastic
grip which conventionally covers the wheelchair handles 51 and 53
and inserting the conventional expansion lug 59 of the upper member
58 into the hollow hand grip or handle 51 or 53. By tightening the
nut 60 which fits within the expandable lug 58, the lug 58 and be
expanded within the hollow handle 51 or 53, and the attachment 50
firmly fixed to handle 51 or 53.
A bracket 64 is shown attached to the member 54 in a position more
than midway between the expansion lug 59 and the wheel or dolly 52.
Pivotably attached to this bracket 64 is a supporting connection 65
by which the wheel or dolly can be extended, made up of two
separate rods 70 and 72. As can be seen in FIG. 1, the point of
pivotal connection between rods 70 and 72 is within easy reach of
the person in the wheelchair, so that when the scissorlike
mechanism 66 located at the connection between rods 70 and 72 is
manually pushed downward to cause the rods 70 and 72 to assume
roughly a horizontal position, as shown in FIG. 5, the member 54
and wheel 52 are pivoted about the point 80 at which they attach to
the upper member 51 and the dolly or wheel 52 moves backward to the
operative position. In this embodiment, the rods 70 and 72 as
connected to the scissor mechanism 66 trace an arc from about
25.degree. to over 180.degree. and lock in place at about
185.degree.. When locked, the attachment 50 will not collapse to
its original storage position until the operator manually pulls
upward on the scissor mechanism 66. Thus, there is virtually no
possibility that the attachment 50 will collapse when the
wheelchair is tilted backwards at approximately 45.degree..
The rod 72, and thus the connection 65, is attached to a short
bracket 74, as shown in FIG. 1, which is in turn connected to
wheelchair 20, for example, by removing the axle nuts and bolts
(not shown) that hold the wheel 34 and positioning the bracket 74
so that the hole 76 is aligned with the boltholes by which the
wheel 34 is attached to its axle 41. The axle bolts and nuts can
then be reapplied tightly so that the bracket 74 is firmly and
securely attached to the axle 41 in the manner shown in FIG. 1.
Reference is now made to FIG. 5 which shows the wheelchair 20 in a
position about to mount the curb 79 with the pair of wheelchair
attachments 50 locked in the stable extended position and the
wheelchair 20 thus supported by both the large wheels 32 and 34 and
two dollies or wheels 52, and with the pair of elevating
attachments 21 each in the operating position so that the spiked
wheels 82 are in contact with the ground. As is apparent from FIGS.
1 and 5, each of the wheels 52, in both the storage and extended
operative position is elevated a considerable distance above the
ground when the wheelchair 20 rests upright on the two front wheels
30 and 32 and the two large rear wheels 34 and 36. Thus, when the
wheelchair 20 is manually tilted backwards to rest on the two
wheels 52 and the large wheels 34 and 36, the small front wheels 30
and 32 are likewise elevated and as shown in FIG. 5, the front
wheels 30 and 32 can then be placed atop or above an obstacle such
as the curb 79 shown in FIG. 5, by rolling the wheelchair 20
forward in the tilted position until the large wheels 34 and 36 are
at a short distance from the base of the curb 79. The angle between
the tilted wheelchair 20 and the ground can, of course, be simply
controlled by changing the length of member 54 and rods 70 and 72
to change the distance from the extended wheels 52 to the
wheelchair 20 and the normal upright distance from the extended
wheels 52 to the ground. A tilting angle of about 45.degree. is
shown in FIG. 5, and this angle has been found quite satisfactory.
At this angle, most patients using the second pair of attachments
only with practice have been able to climb a 4-inch curb, to
dismount a 15-inch curb, to go over parking lot dividers, and to
overcome most common obstacles in streets, highways and sidewalks.
By using both the elevating attachments and the second pair of
attachments, a 9-inch curb can be climbed, a 15-inch curb can be
dismounted and an obstacle 9 to 10 inches high and 8 to 12 inches
wide can be easily overcome.
The attachments 21 can be manually rotated to their operative
position as shown in FIG. 5 from the storage position shown in FIG.
1, either before or after the wheelchair 21 is tilted to the stable
tilted position. Such rotation of the attachment 21 can be
accomplished merely by grasping the attachments 21 and pushing
downward until the wheels 82 each touch the ground.
To assume the tilted position, the individual in the wheelchair
first moves both of the wheels 52 to the extended position by
pushing downward on each of the scissor mechanism 66 until each of
the attachments 50 is firmly locked in place. Then the wheelchair
20 is tilted backwards by the operator until the wheelchair 20
rests on the rear wheels 34 and 36 and both of the wheels 52. This
tilting can be accomplished in any manner, for example, by
producing slight backward momentum, then quickly and smoothly
jerking the large wheels 34 and 36 forward and at the same time
throwing the body weight backwards. With practice, this maneuver
can be accomplished without substantial effort and without strain
to the dollies or wheels 52 or the front wheels 30 and 32.
To climb the curb from this tilted position with the attachments 21
in the operative position, the patient first grasps two large
wheels 34 and 36 and rotates them to cause the wheelchair 20 to
stand on the wheels 82 of the short prongs 84 of both attachments
21 with the wheels 34 and 36 off the ground. The forward momentum
of the wheelchair 20 next causes the wheelchair to rise still
further onto both of the wheels 98 of the longer prongs 94. If the
patient has gauged his initial distance from the curb correctly,
the large wheels 34 and 36 will now contact the curb 79 at a
location above the base as shown in FIG. 7, preferably with the
attachments 21 leaning slightly forward to throw considerable
weight onto the wheels 34 and 36. The wheelchair operator now
merely continues to rotate the large wheels 34 and 36 manually to
cause the wheels 34 and 36 to climb the curb 79 and, at the same
time, drag the wheels 52 slightly forward. When done with a smooth,
continuous motion from a proper starting position, the climb can be
accomplished easily and without strain on either the operator, the
wheelchair 20, or the attachments 21 and 50.
When the wheels 34 and 36 are atop the curb 79, the wheelchair
operator can now tilt the wheelchair 20 forward, for example by
repeating in reverse the maneuver used to assume the backward
tilted position, to cause the new elevated front wheels 30 and 32
to resume contact with the ground and the wheels 52 to again become
elevated. The wheelchair 20 is now safely atop the curb 79 and in
the normal upright position resting on wheels 30, 32, 34 and 36
with the wheels 52 elevated. The wheels 52 can now be returned to
their storage position by manually pulling upward on each of the
scissor mechanisms 66 to rotate each of the wheels 52 back to the
position shown in FIG. 1. Similarly, the attachments 21 can be
manually rotated back to the storage position shown in FIG. 1.
Of course, it is not necessary that the attachments 21 have any
particular number of prongs. More than two can be employed if
desirable and in FIG. 7 an attachment 21 with a single prong 112
and a spiked wheel 114 is shown. Climbing with a single prong is,
of course, substantially the same as climbing with a double prong
as described above, except that the height with can be reached is
necessarily less.
Experienced and skilled wheelchair operators, of course, have
heretofore been able to accomplish a similar climbing maneuver
without assisting devices, such as the attachments 50, simply by
balancing on the two large wheels 34 and 36 although, of course,
risking the substantial danger of falling over backwards with
resulting damage to wheelchair and operator. The attachments 21 can
be used by such people to increase the height of the curb which can
be climbed. However, since such balancing takes time and skill to
perfect, as well as being dangerous, the attachments 21 are most
advantageously employed with other attachments such as the
attachments 50 which any individual can learn to use safely and
effectively in a very short length of time. The ability to
correctly position the the wheels 34 and 36 the right distance from
the base of the curb 79 can be quickly learned and failure to so
position or to make the climb do not result in a dangerous fall but
only a safe descent after which another attempt can be made. Thus,
the attachments 50 when used with the elevating attachments 21
enable the above-described climbing operation to be done with
complete safety and ease. Even should one of the attachments 50
fail during climbing, tests have indicated that either of the
attachments 50 along is sufficient to support the wheelchair 20.
The only real source of danger is the possible human error of
forgetting to extend either of the wheels 52 before the wheelchair
20 is tilted.
As mentioned, the attachments 21 and 50 can be used alone as well
as in combination. For example, the attachments 21 can be used
alone in a pole-vaulting fashion to jump over obstacles such as
broken sidewalks, soft ground, etc. However, since many maneuvers
required or are best performed with both pairs of attachments 50
and 21, the wheelchair 20 preferably is equipped with both
especially since using both attachments 50 and 21 to climb a curb
substantially increases the height of the curb which can be climbed
over the height which can be climbed with either the attachments 50
or attachments 21 alone.
Of course, the patient cannot only mount curbs but can overcome
virtually any type of minor obstacle with the attachments 50,
either alone or in combination with the attachments 22. Use of the
attachments 50 eases even movement over sand and rough terrain,
which is ordinarily very difficult because of the tendency of the
small front wheels 30 and 32 to plow and pitch the operator
forward. By assuming the tilted position while moving over sand and
rough ground, the large rear wheels 34 and 26 are converted into
the lead wheels and progress is thus substantially easier. Even if
the wheelchair 20 veers off its intended course due to the fact
that one of the wheels 52 is deeper in sand or hits a rock or hole,
the patient can simply continue by lifting the wheels 52 a few
inches off the ground and at the same time manually turning his
wheelchair 20 a few degrees with his large wheels 34 and 36 until
he can resume his intended course. With this maneuver, which can be
quickly and simply learned, a wheelchair confined patient can make
even a 90.degree. turn or reverse his direction by 180.degree. with
ease.
Although not especially designed for this purpose, it is believed
that use of the attachments 50 will reduce the prevalence of
pressure ulcers over the ischia in wheelchair-confined individuals.
By resuming the tilted position for a few minutes each hour, it has
been demonstrated that pressures on critical regions of
wheelchair-confined individuals are reduced by about 35 percent so
that even those patients who must spend 10 to 15 hours a day in
their wheelchairs can avoid or at least reduce the chances of
incurring this common difficulty. Further, the attachments 50
permit a conventional wheelchair to be converted into a comfortable
lounge chair simply by resuming the tilted position.
Adding to their advantages is the ease with which both the
attachments 50 and 21 can be removed from one wheelchair and
transferred to another wheelchair. The attachments 50 can be
removed from one wheelchair 20 and transferred to another in about
10 minutes, and removal and addition of the attachments 21 can also
be rapidly accomplished. Of course, it may be desirable to
permanently fix the attachments 50 to the wheelchair 20 or to
construct a wheelchair with the attachments 50 as a permanent part
thereof. Likewise, it may be desirable to build a wheelchair with
the attachments 21 permanently affixed or to permanently attach the
attachments 21 to an existing conventional wheelchair. However,
until all wheelchairs are so equipped, the adaptability of the
attachments 50 and 21 to any conventional wheelchair makes them
especially useful.
Further, the inherent simplicity of both the attachment 50 and
attachments 21 in comparison to the functions which they perform
makes them both inexpensive and economical. Since no major
alteration of the wheelchair to which they are attached is
necessary to even desirable, the total cost of the attachments 50
and 21 to the wheelchair-confined individual is nominal especially
compared to the mobile capability which they give him. Their
simplicity also virtually guarantees trouble-free operation and
precludes expensive maintenance. In short, the attachments 50 and
21 are both simple, inexpensive, reliable devices, easily and
quickly attachable to conventional wheelchairs and capable of
enabling a wheelchair-confined individual to overcome common
obstacles and move freely about his environment.
As mentioned above, the attachments 21 can also be permanently
connected to the wheelchair or can be removable as in the
embodiment set forth above. Further, the attachments 21 and the
attachments 50 while preferably used together can each be used
separately. Many changes and modifications in the examples set
forth above will be apparent to any one of ordinary skill in the
art and the invention is intended to be limited only by the
following claims.
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