U.S. patent number 3,882,945 [Application Number 05/412,212] was granted by the patent office on 1975-05-13 for combination laser beam and sonic drill.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Sun Oil Company of Pennsylvania. Invention is credited to Bernard J. Keenan, Jr..
United States Patent |
3,882,945 |
Keenan, Jr. |
May 13, 1975 |
Combination laser beam and sonic drill
Abstract
The method for drilling for subterranean fluids with a
combination laser beam and sonic beam comprising positioning a
laser beam generator and a sonic generator in a well hole each
electrically connected to an inhole voltage generator actuated by
drilling mud or other liquid passing through a drilling housing
connected to the drill string. A reflecting crystal for the laser
beam is positioned within this housing to reflect the beam
preferably in an elliptical pattern across the formation to be
penetrated while the sonic beam is transmitted through the drilling
mud into the formation to be penetrated.
Inventors: |
Keenan, Jr.; Bernard J. (West
Chester, PA) |
Assignee: |
Sun Oil Company of Pennsylvania
(Philadelphia, PA)
|
Family
ID: |
23632067 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/412,212 |
Filed: |
November 2, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
175/16; 175/107;
175/56 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E21B
7/15 (20130101); E21B 4/02 (20130101); E21B
7/24 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E21B
7/24 (20060101); E21B 7/14 (20060101); E21B
7/15 (20060101); E21B 7/00 (20060101); E21B
4/00 (20060101); E21B 4/02 (20060101); E21b
007/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;175/16,69,65,104,107
;166/302,303 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Abbott; Frank L.
Assistant Examiner: Favreau; Richard E.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Church; George L. Johnson; Donald
R. Dixon; Anthony J.
Claims
The invention claimed is:
1. A method for recovering liquid reserves from a subterranean
formation through a wellbore containing a drill string
comprising
a. attaching a laser beam and sonic housing to the lower most
section of the drill string,
b. positioning a self-contained laser beam and sonic assembly
within the laser beam and sonic housing containing a voltage
generator, a laser beam generator electrically connected to and
deriving its power from the voltage generator and a sonic generator
electrically connected to and deriving power from the voltage
generator,
c. actuating the voltage generator by drilling fluid passing
through the drill string,
d. generating a sonic beam and transmitting it through the drilling
fluid into the formation,
e. separating the drilling fluid entering the formation cavity into
a plurality of jet streams, and
f. generating a laser beam and projecting it into the
formation.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the voltage generator further
comprises two voltage generators, one being electrically connected
to the sonic generator and the other being electrically connected
to the laser beam generator.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein a rotating reflecting crystal is
positioned within the laser beam and sonic beam assembly whereby
said laser beam is reflected across the face of the formation being
drilled.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the reflecting crystal rotation
provides an elliptical pattern for the laser beam across the face
of the formation being drilled.
5. The method of claim 3 further comprising positioning a gear box
in the self-contained drill assembly whereby the rotating action of
the generator is translated to an elliptical motion of the
reflecting crystal.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the mud flow drives a turbine
which drives the gear box.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein electrical power derived from the
voltage generator actuates an electrical drive motor which drives
the gear box.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a method for recovering subterranean
fluids from underground formations through a borehole. More
particularly, this invention relates to the use of laser technology
and sonic technology for boring into subterranean formations, and
more particularly this invention relates to replacing the drilling
heads normally used in drilling for underground fluids with a laser
beam-sonic beam arrangement comprising a voltage generator actuated
by the flow of drilling fluid through the drill pipe or collar and
a laser beam generator and a sonic generator each drawing their
respective power from a voltage generator also positioned in the in
hole drilling housing and electrically connected to both the laser
beam generator and the sonic generator.
2. The Prior Art
Removal of petroleum fluids from subterranean formations is usually
accomplished through rotary drilling techniques. In the actual
drilling or boring of holes with this technique there are required
a cutting tool or bit, a rotary motion of the tool, and means for
maintaining pressure on the bit while the material is being cut,
usually accomplished with a string of drill collars also a medium
for removing the material displaced by the bit or cuttings needed.
This material, sometimes referred to as drilling mud or circulating
fluid, must be circulated in volume and velocity through the holes
of the bit so that it not only cleans the bit, but it jets the
bottom of the hole flushing it of cuttings and hard formations. The
circulating fluid must have a downward velocity sufficient to clean
the formation being drilled and an upward velocity sufficient to
remove the cuttings from the hole. Also the fluid must be readily
pumpable.
Use of lasers to penetrate underground formations has been
discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,693,718, issued to Daniel W. Stoudt,
Sept. 26, 1972. This patent along with prior apparatus and methods
utilizing laser beam energy is limited in that laser beam
generators are mounted by a frame assembly above the ground surface
in alignment with the borehole communicating with the subterranean
cavity from which recovery of oil and gas reserves is desired.
Another disadvantage to these types of system is that they cannot
be used easily with the present multiple bore single-head systems
now being used to recover subterranean fluids especially in
offshore applications. These types of systems often use radially
extending boreholes from one main or mother borehole and a surface
laser beam generator cannot follow the path of these boreholes
without undue use of energy.
Use of sound technology to penetrate underground formations has
been discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,315,755 issued to Warren B.
Brooks, Apr. 25, 1967, which discloses alternating acoustic
pressure pulses through drilling fluids being conducted downwardly
through a borehole thereby subjecting the formation to alternating
stresses due to particular pressure conditions set up in a drilling
fluid at the bottom of the borehole. U.S. Pat. No. 3,251,424 issued
to Warren B. Brooks, May 17, 1966, also relates to a method and
apparatus for drilling boreholes using jet fluid streams and
acoustic pulses. However, in both of these patents the power needed
to generate these acoustic pulses is generated on the surface and
is transmitted into the borehole by a conventional technique. There
are disadvantages to having this transmission line running through
the borehole, one of which is that it must be removed prior to
adding another piece of drill pipe. Both of these patents are
limited to discussions of pulses of acoustic energy.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An improved method for drilling for subterranean fluids has now
been found utilizing a self-contained unit containing therein a
voltage generator actuated by the flow of drilling fluid, a laser
beam generator electrically connected to said voltage generator, a
sonic generator electrically connected to said voltage generator,
and a beam deflecting crystal for reflection of the laser beam
generated by said laser beam generator across the face of the
formation within the borehole which is being drilled.
Simultaneously, the sound waves being generated by the sonic
generator are being transmitted through the drilling mud and
carried thereby into the formation, wherein fracturing of the
formation takes place. The cuttings from both processes are then
carried to the surface by the drilling mud. The entire
self-contained unit hereinafter called the drill assembly is
positioned in a drill housing in turn connected to the drill
string, where would previously have been connected to a rotary bit,
to replace this rotary bit now used in most subterranean drilling
techniques and also to utilize the flow of drilling mud already
present to pass over the self-contained unit and drive the
generator obtained therein so that in-situ power generation, laser
beam generation and sound generation is accomplished. The
advantages of this system are that laser beam coring techniques and
sound generation techniques can be used in radially-directed wells
and can also be used in wellbores which veer from a straight line
pattern.
Other advantages to be gained from such a system are that equipment
costs can be greatly decreased since the size of the laser beam
generator and sonic generator need not be as powerful when they are
positioned inbore as they need be when they are positioned on the
surface. This also results in less energy costs.
Further, the laser beam-sonic system can be attached to a present
drill collar or drill string by making the connection on the
uppermost section of the drill housing to match the connection on
the end of the existing drill string. It is also envisioned that
drill collar can be replaced with drill pipe during the drilling
operation since maintaining of pressure on a bit is no longer
necessary.
Although two voltage generators, one for providing power to the
laser beam generator and one for the power needed for the sonic
generator are preferred, one large generator is also
envisioned.
Another advantage to be realized in making use of such an
arrangement combining laser beam technology and sound technology is
that the larger particles cut loose from the formation by the laser
beam will be broken up by the additional use of the sonic wave thus
enabling the drill to penetrate at a faster pace.
These and other advantages will be more readily determinable upon
review of the description of the drawing in the preferred
embodiment which follows.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING AND THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
FIG. 1 is a vertical cross section of a wellhole penetrated by a
drill string containing a lower most section wherein is positioned
the apparatus used in the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a horizontal cross sectional diagram along lines 2--2 of
FIG. 1.
Shown in FIG. 1 is an existing wellhole, 1, penetrated by a drill
pipe connected at its lower most end to a laser beam and sonic
housing assembly, 2, connected in turn to a vane sub, 13,
containing radially based vanes, 14, for mud flow directional
control which is in turn connected to drill housing, 2, with an
annular space, 3, defined between the wall of said wellhole and the
wall of said laser beam and sonic housing. Within the laser beam
and sonic housing, 2, is contained a laser beam and sonic drill
positioner, 4, with an annulus, 5, being finned, 17, between the
laser beam and sonic housing, 2, and the outer circumference of the
laser beam and sonic drill positioner, 4, all within said wellhole,
1. Wherein the prior art is positioned a rotary bit is now
positioned a self-contained laser beam and sonic assembly, 6,
containing therein a first voltage generator, 7, a laser beam
generator, 8, a second voltage generator, 9, and a sonic generator
10. The first voltage generator is electrically connected to the
laser beam generator and the second voltage generator is
electrically connected to the sonic generator. Also contained in
the laser beam and sonic housing is a gear box, 16, rotatably
connected to a deflecting crystal, 11. The gear box is arranged in
such a way so as to provide an elliptical motion of the beam
generated by the laser beam generator and reflected by the
reflecting crystal over and across the face of the formation being
drilled. Further, the gearbox, 16, the second voltage generator, 9,
and the sonic generator, 10, are arranged to allow a path for the
laser beam from generator, 8, to deflecting crystal, 11. The
drilling mud travelling downward through the drill pipe is directed
in a rotational flow pattern via the vanes in the previously
described vane sub section and this rotary motion of the mud drives
the turbine blades of the voltage generator. In actual operation
drilling mud flows down the annulus between the laser beam and
sonic housing and the laser beam and sonic positioner and passes
over the generator thereby turning the generators and producing
power. This drilling mud then flows past the sonic generator
wherein sonic vibrations are transmitted through the mud to the
bottom of the wellbore. It is also envisioned that the gear box,
16, which drives the reflecting crystal can be driven either by mud
flow, mechanically, by the generator turbine, mechanically, or by
power generated by the generator, electrically. This drilling mud
then flows to the bottom of the wellbore where it not only
transmits sonic vibrations to the formation, but it picks up
cuttings which would previously have been made from a rotary drill
which are now the result of laser and sonic cuttings, and carries
these cuttings along its path in the annulus between the drill pipe
or drill collar and the wall of the wellhole with sufficient upward
velocity to carry the mud and cuttings of said drilling to the
surface wherein conventional separation means are used to remove
the cuttings from said mud and return the mud down the drill pipe
or collar as previously discussed. The lower circumference of the
laser beam and sonic housing, 2, is hardened at location, 15, so as
to more readily withstand erosion which is caused by the flow of
the mud and entrained cuttings which flow around it. Another liquid
(water) can be substituted for drilling mud when the laser sonic
generator system is used to replace a rotary bit. The sound
vibrations from the sonic generator will also be breaking up the
sections being cut from the formation by the laser generator into
smaller pieces which can more easily be carried to the surface by
the drilling mud. The laser, sonic generator and voltage generator
section or the laser beam and sonic housing is positioned where
conventional bit would have been previously positioned and the
power for the generators is derived from the energy contained in
the flow of drilling mud past the generators. The entire system is
self-contained and removable which allows removal without pulling
the entire drill string out of the wellhole. This results in the
saving of time and money. The self-contained drill assembly can
snap into the drill housing by conventional spherical bearings
around the outer circumference of the self-contained unit and
semi-spherical indentations around the inner circumference of the
laser beam and sonic positioner corresponding in radial position to
said bearings meet the indentations a snapping and locking in of
the self-contained unit is achieved. For the sake of simplicity and
due to the conventionality of such a system, it is not pictured in
the drawing.
It is also envisioned that two voltage generators can be used
instead of one voltage generator each serving respectively the
sonic generator and the laser beam generator.
It is also envisioned that the lower-most opening of the well pipe
can have a series of jets which would direct the drilling mud in a
jetting action into the formation. Advantages of such a
configuration are that not only would sound generation and laser
generation be used to cut into the formation, but the jetting
action of the drilling mud can also be used for the same
purpose.
As shown in FIG. 2 the connections, 17, between the laser beam and
sonic housing and the laser beam and sonic positioner which spans
the annular space, 5, are shaped in such a way so as not to impede
the flow of mud down through the drill pipe into the cavity being
drilled.
It will be understood that various changes may be made in the form
and arrangement of the elements used in the method illustrated
herein without departing from the spirit of the present invention
or from the scope of the annexed claims. For example, the path of
the laser beam across the formation can be other than elliptical
and the advantages of the system can still be achieved; or
modifications in the flow of liquid to drive the generator can be
made without departing from the scope of the combination of the
claims.
* * * * *