U.S. patent number 3,881,487 [Application Number 05/383,898] was granted by the patent office on 1975-05-06 for flushable disposable diaper structure.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Kimberly-Clark Corporation. Invention is credited to Mark S. Schrading.
United States Patent |
3,881,487 |
Schrading |
May 6, 1975 |
Flushable disposable diaper structure
Abstract
A disposable diaper structure adapted to facilitate disposal of
the absorbent pad element by flushing. The diaper is of the general
type which comprises an air-formed pad of absorbent wood pulp
fibers disposed between a fluid-permeable cover sheet and a thin
plastic film backing sheet. The wood pulp pad is adhered to a
specified area of the plastic film backing by an open lattice-like
pattern of adhesive. When the diaper is immersed and rinsed in a
toilet, the adhesive prevents the pad from falling out in a single
piece as it is being rinsed, and instead enables the pad to break
up into controlled size pieces which are easily flushed away
without reagglomerating or causing stoppage.
Inventors: |
Schrading; Mark S. (Neenah,
WI) |
Assignee: |
Kimberly-Clark Corporation
(Neenah, WI)
|
Family
ID: |
23515200 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/383,898 |
Filed: |
July 30, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
604/365; 604/364;
604/374; 604/370 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61F
13/539 (20130101); A61F 13/15211 (20130101); A61F
13/15252 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61F
13/15 (20060101); A61f 005/44 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/284,286,287,290,296 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Pace; Channing L.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Hanlon, Jr.; Daniel J. Herrick;
William D. Miller; Raymond J.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In a disposable diaper comprising a substantially rectangular
absorbent pad of intermingled wood pulp fibers, a fluid-pervious
cover sheet, a fluid-impervious backing sheet of thin plastic film
and narrow plastic film baffle members extending transversely
across the diaper at each end thereof; in which the longitudinal
edge portions of said backing sheet are folded around the
respective pad edges to extend over the top of the pad for a short
distance and are attached to said cover sheet along the entire
length thereof; in which each of the ends of said backing sheet and
said cover sheet extend beyond each of the ends of said pad and
have said baffle member interposed therebetween; in which the cover
sheet, backing sheet and baffle are bonded to each other on a line
adjacent the pad ends; and in which the free edge of said baffle
member opposite from the bonded portion is interposed between said
pad and said cover sheet; the additional structure wherein said pad
is adhered to said backing sheet by interconnected lines of
adhesive disposed in a selected lattice-like open pattern in only
that area of said pad which does not underlie said baffle members
or said folded-over portion of said backing sheet, said adhesive
being applied in sufficient quantity to penetrate said pad for a
short depth, the open area encompassed within the individual
segments defined by the unbonded spaces between the lines of said
pattern being between about 2 square inches and 3 square inches in
area.
2. The disposable diaper of claim 1 wherein said pattern is a
diamond grid pattern.
3. The disposable diaper of claim 2 wherein the dimensions of the
individual diamonds in said diamond grid pattern are in the range
of between about 1.5 inches and 2.0 inches at the narrow dimension
and between about 2.5 inches and 3.0 inches at the wide dimension
and the width of said adhesive lines which make up the pattern are
between about 0.075 inch and and 0.125 inch.
4. The disposable diaper of claim 1 wherein an absorbent non-wet
strength tissue is disposed on each side of the absorbent pad.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an improved structure for disposable
diapers which permits disposal of the absorbent pad element of the
diaper by flushing it away in a conventional sanitary toilet
system.
The most common form of disposable diaper now on the market
generally comprises an air-formed pad of absorbent wood pulp fiber
known as fluff which is disposed between a fluid-permeable cover
sheet and a thin plastic film backing. The fluff pad commonly has a
basis weight of less than 60 grams per square foot. Used diapers
are often disposed of by wrapping the soiled surface within the
plastic backing film and discarding it in the garbage. However,
because fecal matter is often present, it would be much more
desirable to discard the contaminated absorbent media by flushing
it away in the toilet. For most single use diaper structures
disposal by flushing is inconvenient. In most cases this entails
stripping away the plastic backing to gain access to the absorbent
material, to rinse the cover sheet if fecal matter is present, and
then to discard these elements by means other than flushing. When
carrying out such an operation it is difficult to avoid contact
with the contaminated portions of the diaper, which is
undesirable.
For flushing operations, it has been proposed to open one end of
the diaper, then grasp the other end at the corners, and then
immerse and rinse the diaper in the toilet whereby the inner
absorbent pad will fall out from between the cover and backing
sheet into the toilet bowl. However, in instances where the pad is
adhered to the plastic film backing by a closely spaced pattern of
adhesive, which is done in some diaper structures to help maintain
the integrity of the fluff pad, the pad will not fall out and even
if repeatedly rinsed, only a portion will be dispersed. In other
instances where the fluff pad is not attached to the backing film,
the pad does fall out, but remains in one large piece which is
often too bulky for flushing, thus frequently causing
stoppages.
In this invention, a disposable diaper of a particular structure
has the fluff pad arranged so that when the diaper is immersed and
rinsed in the toilet the fluff pad will break up into controlled
size pieces which will flush away with little difficulty.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention is directed to an improvement in the structure of
the disposable diaper of the type described in U.S. Pat. No.
3,520,303 to Endres which issued July 14, 1970.
The preferred embodiment of the diaper described therein comprises
a substantially rectangular absorbent pad of wood pulp fibers known
as fluff, disposed between a fluid-permeable cover sheet and a
fluid-impervious backing of thin plastic film. The longitudinal
side edges of the backing film are folded over the edges of the pad
and are attached to the underside of the cover sheet along the
entire length. Each of the ends of the cover sheet and the backing
film extend beyond the respective ends of the pad and have a narrow
sheet of thin plastic film baffle material interposed between them.
The cover sheet, backing film and film baffle are bonded to each
other on a line transverse of the diaper adjacent the pad ends. The
unbonded edge of the film baffle extends over edge portions of the
pad between the pad and the cover sheet.
The improvement of this invention comprises adhering the pad to the
backing film in that area of the pad which does not underlie the
folded over portion of the backing sheet or the film baffle. The
adherence is accomplished by an open lattice-like pattern of
adhesive lines. The open area in the pattern comprises an area in
the range of about 2 to 3 square inches.
When it is desirable to flush away the fluff pad after use, the
seal between the cover sheet, backing sheet and baffle is pulled
apart at one end of the diaper. The opposite corners of the diaper
are then grasped and the diaper is immersed in the toilet and
allowed to wet out. It is then rinsed up and down in the bowl
whereby the fluff pad separates from the backing in discrete pieces
about the size of the open area in the adhesive pattern, and these
pieces fall into the toilet bowl through the opened end of the
diaper. These pieces readily disperse in the toilet and are easily
flushed away without stoppage. The cover sheet is rinsed, if
necessary, and disposed of separately with the backing sheet.
Other features and advantages will become apparent by reference to
the drawings and the following detailed description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a plan view with portion partially cut away of a diaper
structure particularly adaptable to this invention.
FIG. 2 is a section taken along line 2--2 of FIG. 1 showing part of
the improved structure.
FIG. 3 is a section taken along line 3--3 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic representation of a preferred adhesive
pattern as arranged with respect to other elements of the
diaper.
FIG. 5 is a partial representation of another suitable pattern.
FIGS. 6, 7, 8 illustrate the steps utilized in disposing of the
absorbent fluff pad in a toilet.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS AND PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, a diaper 10 which has a general
structure particularly adapted to this invention comprises an
absorbent pad 11 preferably of wood pulp fibers known as fluff, a
fluid-pervious cover sheet 12, a fluid-impervious plastic film
backing sheet 13, and a thin flexible baffle film 14. The fluff pad
preferably has a basis weight of less than 60 grams per square
foot.
Longitudinal edge portions 13a of backing film 13 are folded around
the edges and over the top of fluff pad 11 and heat-sealed or
otherwise adhesively attached to cover sheet 12 at 15 (FIG. 3)
along substantially the entire length of the diaper.
Baffle film 14 is interposed between cover sheet 12 and backing
film 13 at both the front and back ends of the diaper and the three
elements are heat sealed together along line 16 at each end. The
diaper may also have pressure-sensitive tape fastening means 17,
and may be prefolded in known ways to facilitate application to the
child.
All of the above elements are shown and described in the
aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,520,303.
In the improvement of this invention fluff pad 11 is attached to
the backing film by lines of adhesive 18 in a selected pattern,
shown in section in FIGS. 2 and 3, and in a diagrammatic plan view
in FIG. 4.
In FIG. 4, the outer border line represents the outer border of the
backing film as folded around the fluff pad and dotted line 11a
represents the disposition of the fluff pad within the backing
film. Panels 13a represent the folded over longitudinal edges of
the backing film as in FIG. 1, and panels 14 represent the baffle
film at each end.
With the location of these elements in mind, reference may now be
made to the lattice-like diamond pattern of lines indicated at 18.
The pattern shown is the preferred adhesive pattern for adhering
the fluff pad to the backing film. It should be noted that the
adhesive is spaced inwardly from the edges of the folded over
backing film 13a and from the edges of the baffle film 14. The
reason for this will be set forth later.
In this preferred pattern the dimension W which is the width or
narrow dimension of the individual diamonds making up the pattern
should be between about 1.5 inches and 2.0 inches with 1.9 inches
preferred. Dimension L which is the length or long dimension of the
individual diamonds should be between 2.5 inches and 3.0 inches
with 2.8 inches preferred.
Stated another way, the open area encompassed within the invidual
segments of the pattern should be from about 2 square inches to 3
square inches in area.
The width of the adhesive lines themselves may suitable be from
about 0.075 inch to about 0.125 inch with 0.10 inch preferred.
While the diamond lattice pattern is preferred, other suitable
patterns may be used within the prescribed limits.
One other suggested pattern is shown partially in FIG. 5.
The adhesive used may be any non-toxic flexible adhesive which
adheres to the plastic film, which film in the preferred embodiment
is polyethylene. Many such adhesives are known and it is not
necessary to detail them here although polyvinyl acetate type
latices are preferred ones to use.
The adhesive should be applied in sufficient amounts to penetrate
the fluff pad to a short depth, but should not be applied in such
large quantity as to cause stiffness.
Also in manufacturing all-fluff pads it is more convenient to
handle the pad if a thin carrier sheet or wrap of cellulose wadding
is used to cover each side of the fluff pad. When such a carrier
sheet is used it is important to use a sheet which does not have
wet strength since the latter interferes with the desired
disintegration of the fluff pad during rinsing and tends to hold
the fluff pad together in one piece.
In FIGS. 6, 7, and 8 there is illustrated a sequence of steps used
to dispose of the fluff pad. After the diaper has been soiled
during use and is ready for disposal, it is carefully laid flat on
a counter or the like to prevent the contents from falling out and
creating a mess. If the diaper is folded and adhesively attached at
the crotch area, these attachments are broken and the diaper pulled
open to assure that it lies flat. The untaped end of the diaper is
then pulled apart as shown in FIG. 6. This is easily done because
while heat seal 16 has good shear strength, it peels open without
much difficulty.
The fecal contents of the diaper are then dumped into the toilet
and the ends of the diaper grasped at the corners near the tapes
(FIG. 7). The diaper is then lowered into the toilet and allowed to
wet out for a moment. It is then rinsed up and down in the toilet,
whereupon the adhered filler pad will fall out in controlled size
pieces which stay dispersed and are easily flushed away.
After most of the fluff pad has been rinsed out, and the cover
sheet thoroughly rinsed, if needed, the cover sheet is rolled up
inside the plastic backing film and discarded separately (FIG.
8).
As indicated above, the adhesive pattern should be spaced from the
edges of the film components in the diaper and not extend under the
folded over backing sheet or under the baffle film. If the adhesive
extends under these areas to any extent, the fluff pad will not
break up readily in these areas because the rinsing action is not
as effective since the water is blocked out by the film.
Accordingly, some material might tend to remain behind in these
areas, rather than being completely dispersed in the toilet.
Preferably the spacing of the adhesive pattern from the baffle film
at the top or taped end of the diaper may be greater than at the
bottom end, but this is not essential.
In any event, the fluff pad should not be attached to the backing
film adjacent the ends and sides of the diaper, otherwise normal
rinsing is not sufficient to detach the fluff in those areas.
* * * * *