U.S. patent number 3,880,314 [Application Number 05/351,770] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-29 for container and safety cap.
Invention is credited to Edward G. Akers.
United States Patent |
3,880,314 |
Akers |
April 29, 1975 |
Container and safety cap
Abstract
A container has a neck defined by a cylindrical wall having a
planar lip and a frusto-conical interior surface, with the neck
opening reducing in diameter toward the interior of the container.
The safety cap is cup-shaped having a planar top wall and
cylindrical side wall, and having an inner dependent cylindrical
skirt concentric with the side wall, the skirt being resilient and
disposed to engage the container conical wall in assembled
relation. Coacting ratchet lugs extend from the external surface of
the container wall and the internal surface of the cap side wall,
and are normally urged into engagement to prevent relative rotation
of the container and cap by the spring action of the cap skirt and
container conical wall. The ratchet lugs have coacting inclined cam
surfaces which, in response to rotation of the cap in one
direction, force axial inward movement of the cap to move its top
wall contiguous to the container lip; and the container wall and
cap have interfering latch means which inhibit reverse rotation
from this contiguous position.
Inventors: |
Akers; Edward G. (Dallas,
TX) |
Family
ID: |
23382304 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/351,770 |
Filed: |
April 16, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
215/214; 215/222;
215/216 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
41/06 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
41/06 (20060101); B65D 41/04 (20060101); B65d
055/02 (); B65d 085/56 (); A61j 001/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;215/7,9,44,40,214,216,222 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Hall; George T.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Murphy; Peter J.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A container and safety cap therefore; said container having a
top opening defined by a generally cylindrical wall having a planar
outer lip; said cap having a generally planar top wall and a
dependent generally cylindrical side wall; and coacting ratchet
means on the external surface of said container wall and on the
internal surface of said cap side wall respectively, being normally
engaged when said cap is positioned on said container and rotated
in one direction so as to prevent relative rotation in the other
direction; said ratchet means being normally maintained in
engagement by spring means associated with said cap coacting with
said container; wherein the improvement comprises:
said coacting ratchet means including coacting cam surfaces
inclined relative to a plane perpendicular to the axis of relative
rotation; said cam surfaces, responsive to further rotation of the
cap in said one direction, effecting movement of said cap axially
to position said cap top wall contiguous to said container lip; and
coacting interfering latch means disposed on a cap wall interior
surface and said container wall exterior surface respectively to
inhibit reverse rotation of said cap from said contiguous
position.
2. A container and safety cap as set forth in claim 1
said coacting latch means comprising radially interfering members
disposed on said cap side wall interior surface and said container
wall exterior surface respectively.
3. A container and safety cap as set forth in claim 1
said cap being a unitary member.
4. A container and safety cap as set forth in claim 1
said cap being a unitary member fabricated from a relatively rigid,
resilient plastic material.
5. A container and safety cap as set forth in claim 1
said coacting ratchet means comprising a plurality of peripherally
spaced radially projecting lugs disposed on the external surface of
the container cylindrical wall adjacent to the lip thereof, and a
corresponding plurality of peripherally spaced radially projecting
locking lugs disposed on the internal surface of said cap side wall
and axially spaced from the top wall thereof;
said cap lugs each forming a recess facing the top wall thereof,
said recess being defined by said inclined cam surface and a pawl
tip; and the respective container lugs being urged into said cap
lug recesses to inhibit relative rotation of the cap and
container.
6. A container and safety cap as set forth in claim 5
said coacting latch means comprising radially interfering members
consisting of an axial rib associated with each cap lug and
extending between said lug and the cap top wall, and a boss
projecting radially from each container lug in interfering relation
with a respective cap rib.
7. A container and safety cap as set forth in claim 5
said cap lug cam surfaces and said top wall defining recesses
limiting movement of the container lugs in said one direction.
8. A container and safety cap as set forth in claim 1
said wall having an internal frusto-conical surface adjacent said
outer lip and defining an opening which reduces in diameter from
said lip toward the interior of said container;
means defining a dependent generally cylindrical resilient inner
skirt concentric with the cap side wall; said skirt means being
engageable with said frusto-conical surface and being deflected
inwardly thereby to define said spring means.
9. A container and safety cap as set forth in claim 8
said inner skirt means being defined by a resilient thin
imperforate cylindrical wall; and said skirt means defining a
continuous peripheral seal between said container opening and said
cap.
Description
BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a container and safety cap designed to
prevent inadvertent opening of a container for items such as
dangerous drugs, and primarily to prevent or inhibit the opening of
such containers by young children.
This invention is an improvement of the safety cap and container
which is the subject of my copending patent application Ser. No.
710,032 filed Mar. 4, 1968. In the assembly described in that
application, when the cap is in the "secured" condition on the
container, the cap top wall is necessarily spaced from the
container lip; and, while the cap is secured against inadvertent
removal by a child, the cap is relatively loose on the container in
the sense that it may rock relative to the container lip. This
relatively loose fit of the cap and container is a disadvantage in
connection with packaging and shipping of filled containers, and
also in connection with the storage of the containers on shelves at
distributions outlets. In connection with the packaging, where the
containers are stacked in end-to-end relation, these container
assemblies will occupy more space and require a larger package. In
connection with shelf storage, where it is desired to stack
container assemblies in end-to-end relation, the tendency of the
cap to rock will make such stacking difficult and prevent the
maximum use of storage space. It is desirable then, to lock the cap
in a rigid "storage" condition with the container for more
efficient packaging and storage.
An object of this invention therefore is to provide an improved
container and safety cap assembly which inhibits inadvertent
opening of the assembly by small children.
Another object of this invention is to provide an improved
container and safety cap assembly which enables assembly of the cap
to the container in a rigid manner to facilitate packaging for
shipping and efficient storage.
A further object of this invention is to provide such improved
container and safety cap assembly wherein the parts can be
manufactured efficiently and economically using relatively high
speed inexpensive injection molding techniques.
Still another object of this invention is to provide an improved
container and safety cap assembly wherein the assembly is
adequately sealed both in the "secured" condition and in the
"storage" condition.
These objects are accomplished in a combination container and
safety cap therefor, wherein the container has a top opening
defined by a generally cylindrical wall having a planar outer
lip.
The cap has a generally planar top wall and a dependent generally
cylindrical side wall. Coacting ratchet means are provided on the
external surface of the container wall and on the internal surface
of the cap side wall. These ratchet means are normally engaged when
the cap is positioned on the container so as to prevent relative
rotation; with the ratchet means being normally maintained in
engagement through spring means associated with the cap and
coacting with the container. The improvement consists in the
coacting ratchet means including coacting cam surfaces which are
inclined relative to a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
These cam surfaces, in response to relative rotation of the cap and
container in one direction, effect movement of the cap axially to
position the cap top wall contiguous to the container lip.
Additional coacting interfering latch means are provided on the cap
and on the container to inhibit reverse rotation of the cap from
the contiguous position.
The novel features and the advantages of the invention, as well as
additional objects thereof, will be understood more fully from the
following description when read in connection with the accompanying
drawings.
DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an elevation view of a container and cap assembly;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the assembly with the cap partially broken
away to show the relationship of parts in the "secured"
condition;
FIG. 3 is a partial elevation and sectional view, with the
sectional portion viewed along the line 3--3 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a partial elevation and sectional view, similar to FIG.
3, showing a relationship of the container and cap during assembly
and disassembly;
FIG. 5 is a plan view of the assembly with the cap partially broken
away to show the relationship of parts in the storage or shipping
condition; and
FIG. 6 is a partial elevation and sectional view, similar to FIG.
3, with the sectional portion viewed along the line 6--6 of FIG.
5.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The drawings illustrate an assembly of a container 10 and safety
cap 30. Both the container and cap may conveniently be manufactured
out of various commonplace polymers or plastic, such as are
commonly used in the manufacture of various other related
containers and closures. It is preferred that the container the
manufactured out of a comparatively rigid material. If desired this
container can be manufactured of glass or various other similar
material. It is preferred to manufacture the cap 30 as a unitary
article out of a somewhat resilient material such as various grades
of polyethylene or polypropylene, for example, in order to achieve
the desired coacting operation of the container and safety cap
assembly.
The container 10 is shown in FIG. 1 as having a generally
cylindrical body 11 with a flat bottom; however the shape of the
body is of no importance except in regard to the stacking of
container assemblies as will be described. The container is shown
as having a reduced diameter neck portion 12 defined by a generally
cylindrical wall; however the so-called neck 12 could actually be
an extension of the body 11. The upper or outer lip 13 of the wall
12 lies in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the
container; and the interior surface 14 of the wall 12 is
frusto-conical defining a neck opening which is larger in diameter
adjacent to the lip 13 and reduces to a smaller diameter towards
the interior of the container.
The exterior surface of the wall 12 is provided with four ratchet
lugs 18 which project radially outward from the wall adjacent to
the lip 13. These lugs are spaced from each other a sufficient
distance to accommodate coacting ratchet lugs of the cap, to be
described; and the lugs are spaced axially on the wall 12 a
sufficient distance from the body shoulder 15 for coaction with the
cap lugs as will be described. The ratchet lugs 18 are peripherally
elongated and each includes, at its leading end, an inclined cam
surface 19 facing toward the interior of the container. The leading
ends of the lugs, then, are wedge-shaped. The references to leading
and trailing ends of the lugs 18, and of the cap lugs to be
described, are made with respect to relative clockwise rotation of
the parts.
The safety cap 30 is generally cup-shaped, defined by a flat top
wall 31 and a generally cylindrical side wall 32. The cap is also
provided with a dependent generally cylindrical interior wall or
skirt 33 which is spaced from the side wall 32 and concentric
therewith. The skirt 33 is relatively thin in cross-section and may
taper to a thinner section toward the lip thereof so as to be
relatively flexible and yielding.
The cap 30 is provided with four ratchet lugs 36 which project
radially inward from the side wall and are equally spaced about the
periphery of the side wall. These lugs 36 are peripherally
elongated, and are disposed adjacent to the lip of the side wall
and axially spaced from the top wall 31. Each lug 36 includes at
its leading end a pawl tip 38 directed toward the top wall 31, and
extends toward the top wall at its trailing end to define an
inclined cam surface 37 facing the top wall for coacting engagement
with the container lug cam surface 19. The pawl tip 38 and cam
surface 37 define a recess 39 for receiving and rotationally
confining the coacting ratchet lug 18 of the container. The cam
surfaces 37 and the top wall 31 define wedge shaped recesses for
limiting relative rotation of the parts as will be described. The
pawl tip 38 is provided with an additional upward facing cam
surface 40 in a plane generally parallel to the cam surface 37, the
cam surface 40 also coacting with a container cam surface 19.
In assemblying the cap 30 to the container 10, the cap is placed
axially over the wall or neck 12 with the skirt 33 being received
within the wall lip 13, and with the cap lugs 36 being positioned
to move into the spaces between the container lugs 18. The parts
are dimensioned so that when the lower lip of the cap skirt 33
initially engages the container surface 14, the container and cap
lugs are located in generally side-by-side relation around the
periphery with the cap lug cam surfaces 40 positioned to engage the
container lug cam surfaces 19.
To attain the "secured" condition, the cap must be urged axially
toward the container and simultaneously rotated clockwise. This
further inward movement of the cap is resisted by a spring action
of the skirt 33, which occurs because the skirt is necessarily
deflected radially inward by the tapered wall surface 14; and this
spring action then normally urges the cap away from the container.
The above mentioned axial force may be applied manually be hand or
finger pressure; and FIG. 4 illustrates the condition where the cap
has been urged forcefully toward the container and rotated
clockwise partially wherein the pawl tip 38 clears the lower face
of the container lug 18. Alternatively, with simple clockwise
rotation, the tip cam surfaces 40 engaging and coacting with the
container cam surfaces 19 will provide the necessary axial force to
permit the rotation to the "secured" condition. This "secured"
condition is illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 wherein the cap is
released to permit engagement of the lugs 18 within the cap lug
recesses 39. In this condition, counter-clockwise rotation is
prevented by the locking engagement of the vertical surfaces of the
lugs 18 and pawl tips 38. Excess clockwise rotation is limited by
the fact that the container lugs 18 will become wedged in recesses
defined between the cap lug surfaces 36 and the top wall 31. It
will be noted that, with the skirt 33 being continuous and
imperforate as illustrated, a tight seal is defined between the
skirt and the frusto-conical surface 14.
To disengage the cap from the "secured" condition, the cap must be
urged toward the container with considerable force by hand pressure
and simultaneously rotated counter-clockwise to disengage the pawl
tips 38 from the container lugs 18, again as illustrated in FIG. 4.
The design of the parts is such that young children will normally
not be able to exert the required axial force to disengage the
lugs; and therefore will not be able to remove the cap from the
container.
As seen in FIG. 3, in this "secured" condition of the assembly the
top wall 31 of the cap is spaced from the container lip 13; and the
cap 30 is therefore somewhat loosely retained on the container, in
a relative sense, even though the cap is secured against rotation
and the skirt 33 defines the full seal with the wall surface 14.
The cap is loose in the sense that it is relatively easy to deflect
or rock the cap relative to the container by pressing on one side
of the cap top surface. This rocking is undesirable from the
standpoint of stacking container assemblies one on top of the other
for shelf storage. Additionally, in this secured condition, the
assembly of container and cap occupies more axial space then it
would occupy were the cap top wall secured contiguous to the
container lip; and therefore a larger package is required for
shipping container assemblies in axially stacked relation.
According to the invention the container and cap include coacting
latching means for securing the parts in a "storage" condition,
illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6, wherein the cap top wall 31 is
positioned contiguous to the container lip 13. For moving the cap
to the "storage" condition the cap is rotated clockwise from the
"secured" condition of FIG. 2 and 3; and the coacting ratchet lug
cam surfaces 19 and 37 will effect axial movement of the cap toward
the container lip to bring the members into the contiguous
relation. When this occurs, of course, the skirt 33 is deflected to
a greater extent opposing this axial movement. This rotational
movement is limited by wedging engagement of the lugs 18 in the
confining recesses defined by the cap cam surfaces 37 and the top
wall, as best seen in FIG. 6; and in this condition the container
lug leading ends extend beyond the cap lug trailing ends.
To lock the cap in this position, the bottle lugs 18 are provided
with radially projecting bosses 22, best seen in FIGS. 2 and 5, at
the leading ends which project beyond the cap lugs 36. The cap 30
is provided with axial ribs 42 which extend between the lugs 36 and
the cap top wall 31 at the trailing ends of the lugs. The parts are
dimensioned so that bosses 22 and ribs 42 interfere radially with
each other and, when the cap is rotated to the "storage" condition
relative to the container, the ribs 42 move past the bosses 22 and
lock behind the bosses so to speak. This interfering relation of
the bosses and ribs then inhibits the reverse or counter-clockwise
rotation of the cap relative to the container which is urged by the
spring action of the skirt 33. Since the cap, at least, is
fabricated of a relatively resilient plastic material,
counter-clockwise rotation of the cap to release it from the
storage condition is accomplished merely by forcing the ribs 42
over and past the bosses 22.
What has been described is an improved assembly of container and
safety cap having the feature of inhibiting removal of the cap from
the container to prevent opening of the container by young
children, and having the further feature of enabling further
closure of the cap to a "storage" condition to facilitate shipping
and storage of filled containers.
In the "storage condition" the imperforate skirt is urged more
tightly into sealing relation with the frusto-conical neck surface,
and an additional seal is provided at the contiguous planar
surfaces of the container top and cap wall.
While the skirt 33 has been described as a continuous imperforate
wall to perform a sealing fuction with the conical surface 14, it
will be apparent that this skirt could be divided into radial
segments and perform the described spring function without the
sealing function.
While the preferred embodiment of the invention has been
illustrated and described, it will be understood by those skilled
in the art that changes and modifications may be resorted to
without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
* * * * *