U.S. patent number 3,877,864 [Application Number 05/492,459] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-15 for spark igniter system for gas appliance pilot ignition.
This patent grant is currently assigned to International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation. Invention is credited to Elmer A. Carlson.
United States Patent |
3,877,864 |
Carlson |
April 15, 1975 |
Spark igniter system for gas appliance pilot ignition
Abstract
A spark igniter operative from a low voltage DC source for a gas
or vaporous fuel pilot including a simplified ringing-choke
DC-to-DC converter and a relaxation oscillator/pulser for producing
the ignition spark. An inhibit circuit utilizing a flame rod and
the flame rectification phenomenon disables the relaxation
oscillator/pulser when the pilot flame is extant.
Inventors: |
Carlson; Elmer A. (Agoura,
CA) |
Assignee: |
International Telephone and
Telegraph Corporation (New York, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
23956342 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/492,459 |
Filed: |
July 29, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
431/264; 307/106;
361/256 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F23Q
3/004 (20130101); F23N 5/123 (20130101); F23N
2229/12 (20200101); F23N 2227/36 (20200101) |
Current International
Class: |
F23N
5/12 (20060101); F23Q 3/00 (20060101); F23q
003/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;307/106,166 ;317/96
;431/66,74,264 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Mayewsky; Volodymyr Y.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: O'Neil; William T.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A spark pilot ingiter for gaseous and vaporous fuel systems
including a fuel operated pilot, said igniter including a spark gap
adjacent to said pilot, said igniter being operative from a low
voltage first direct current power source, comprising:
a ringing choke oscillator connected to said first direct current
power source for producing a second direct current voltage source
higher than said power source;
charging means including a first capacitor and a series resistance,
said first capacitor being connected to charge from said second
direct current voltage source;
a first solid state switch device having main current carrying
electrodes including an anode and a cathode and a control electrode
capable of controlling the effective resistance between said anode
and cathode from a relatively low to a relatively high value;
a high ratio step-up transformer having primary and secondary
windings, said primary winding being connected in series with said
main current carrying electrodes of said first solid state switch
device and said second direct current voltage source, said
secondary winding being operatively connected to said spark
gap;
a relaxation oscillator connected to said second voltage source for
producing periodic output voltage pulses, said voltage pulses being
connected to said first solid state switching device control
electrode to cause said resistance between said anode and cathode
to assume said low effective resistance value momentarily, thereby
to produce a pulse of current in said transformer primary and a
corresponding stepped-up voltage applied to said spark gap
contemporaneously with the occurrence of said relaxation oscillator
output pulses thereby to effect ignition of said pilot;
means including a flame rod extending at least partially into the
flame of said pilot, said flame rod being connected to provide a
flame current path through said flame from a terminal of said
transformer secondary;
and a return current path for the other terminal of said
transformer secondary connected to a point in the circuit of said
relaxation oscillator such that said flame current reduces the
effective supply voltage to said relaxation oscillator below the
point of operability of said relaxation oscillator.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which said ringing choke
oscillator comprises a first series current path having in order, a
forward poled diode, an inductor, first and second resistors, all
in series across said first power source, said diode connecting to
a first terminal of said first power source and the second of said
resistors connecting to a second terminal of said first power
source;
and including means comprising a tap along the winding of said
inductor and a second solid state device having an
emitter-collector current path and a base electrode, said
emitter-collector current path being connected from said inductor
tap to said second terminal of said first power source, and said
base electrode being connected to the junction of said resistors,
thereby to produce oscillatory pulses of relatively high peak
voltage at the junction of said inductor and the first of said
resistors with respect to said first power source second
terminal.
3. Apparatus according to claim 2 further including a third
resistor and second forward poled diode in series, connected to
said oscillatory pulses, and a second capacitor connected on one
terminal through said series third resistor and second diode to
said oscillatory pulses and on the other terminal to said first
power source second terminal, thereby to produce said second
voltage source available across said second capacitor.
4. Apparatus according to claim 3 in which said first and second
resistors are selected to provide a base electrode bias for said
second solid state device to produce a normally conducting
condition of said emitter-collector current path.
5. Apparatus according to claim 2 in which said first and second
resistors are selected to provide a base electrode bias for said
second solid state device to produce a normally conducting
condition of said emitter-collector current path.
6. Apparatus according to claim 3 in which said inductor tap is
located such that, so long as said second solid state device
emitter-collector current is increasing a regenerative signal is
induced in the portion of said inductor not in series with said
emitter-collector current path, and so that, upon saturation of
said second solid state device, a degenerative signal is induced in
said portion of said inductor not in series with said
emitter-collector current path.
7. Apparatus according to claim 6 in which said first direct
current power source first terminal is the positive terminal and
said second terminal thereof is the negative terminal.
8. Apparatus according to claim 7 in which said second solid state
device is a PNP transistor the collector electrode of which is the
grounded terminal of said first and second power sources.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to igniters for gas or vaporous fuel heating
appliances generally, and more particularly, to spark igniter
devices for igniting a gas fueled pilot, which in turn, may ignite
a main burner.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In the prior art, heating appliances, such as furnaces, hot water
heaters, cooking devices, etc., operating from gaseous or vaporous
fuels, are extremely well known. A variety of fuels are commonly
used by such appliances including natural gas, propane, butane and
other similar fuels. It has been common practice for a pilot to be
left burning continuously at a relatively low gas consumption rate,
in order that the appliance can (manually or automatically) be
placed into full operation conveniently and without significant
delay.
Recently, attention has been focused on measures for the
conservation of fuels however, and this has tended to spawn various
new hardware for starting of such gas appliances without the need
for a continuous burning pilot.
Among these devices are those which provide for ignition of the
appliance main burner by means of an electrically heated element,
or by means of a spark gap. Spark gaps have the advantage of not
requiring a heat-up time, and they are relatively economical of
electrical energy. For the sake of reliability however, some recent
devices of the type have provided for electrical ignition, by spark
gap for example, of a gas fired pilot, the said gas-fired pilot in
turn operating to ignite the main burner or burners of the
appliance. The art concerning gas fired pilots is developed to the
point where main burner ignition is very reliably effected. Direct
spark ignition of a main burner has been undertaken in this art,
but may introduce some problems such as excessive gas collection
before ignition.
At least one prior art device is known which involves the use of
spark ignition of a gas fired pilot. Such a device is described in
U.S. Pat. No. 3,662,185, entitled "Spark Generator and Components
Therefor." That device makes use of the so-called flame rod (known
in these arts per se) which may act as one spark electrode and also
as an electrode providing flame rectification or conduction as the
pilot flame plays on the flame rod. The fact that such conduction
occurs and is unipolar has given rise to the term "flame
rectification." The resistance of the flame path is on the order of
several megohms, and that resistance is employed as an element in a
circuit for disabling the self-recycling spark voltage generator
while the pilot is lighted. The indicated prior art device makes
use of a voltage trippler as a power source for a relaxation
oscillator employing an element such as a neon tube. Such gas
discharge devices normally require somewhat higher operating
voltages than are provided by the low voltage direct current power
sources common in recreational vehicles and the like. That
reference derives the necessary higher direct current source
voltage by a relatively expensive method. The manner in which the
present invention builds upon this reference to provide a unique
and significantly more efficient and cost effective igniting
system, will be evident as this description proceeds.
Another reference of interest is entitled "Ignition System and
Components Thereof," U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 447,889 filed
on Mar. 4, 1974 (assigned to the present assignee).
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention makes use of a simplified low-cost
ringing-choke DC-to-DC converter in combination with a relaxation
oscillator and pulsing circuit for the spark gap, the latter
elements resembling those of U.S. Pat. No. 3,662,185,
aforementioned.
The converter circuit of the present combination includes an
auto-transformer or tapped inductor which is energized from the low
voltage source (typically 12 volts). A solid state device
(transistor) is employed in a unique self-recycling oscillatory
pulse generator. The primary current path passes through the upper
part of the tapped inductor or auto-transformer (as illustrated)
and the other part of the coil acts as a secondary, feeding
regenerative and degenerative signal on a transient basis to the
base electrode of the solid state device. The oscillatory pulse is
in the nature of a damped wave in which the first swing (or
half-cycle) contains the most energy. Another diode poled to pass
this first half-cycle charges a filter capacitor. The converted DC
appears across the said filter capacitor, thereby providing a power
source for the relaxation oscillator/spark gap pulser
combination.
The levels of power involved in the device provide relatively good
safety.
The details of the device according to the invention will be
understood from the description hereinafter.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
A single FIGURE comprising an electrical schematic depicts the
present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to the drawing, the structure and operation of the device
of the invention will be described.
The invention is particularly useful, efficient, and economical in
connection with electrical power sources as represented by the
block E.sub.o, such as are typically used in recreational vehicles.
Although the invention is not so limited, a typical embodiment
designed for operation from the 12 volt storage battery system of a
recreational vehicle will be described.
On the drawing, the circuitry to the right of C1 (the
filter/storage capacitor) requires a direct current voltage on the
order of approximately 90 to 100 volts for satisfactory operation.
The circuitry to the left of C1 (and including C1 itself) is
devoted to the development of this higher direct current voltage
from the 12 volt source.
The aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,662,185, shows and describes the
relaxation oscillator/pulser circuit for operating the spark
igniter across the gap between the flame rod FR and the pilot light
grounded enclosure PL. Basically, this circuit operates to charge
up a capacitor C2, through a large value resistor R4, to the firing
voltage of neon lamp L1, which is typically on the order of 60 to
75 volts. The firing of L1 essentially connects C2 across R6, the
latter being a relatively low value resistor, through a current
limiting resistor R5 and diode D3 which acts as a current
"check-valve." Thus, a pulse is provided to the gate electrode of
the silicon controlled rectifier CR1, bringing that device into
conduction. That conduction and the resultant current pulse occurs
around a loop including C1, the primary or pulse transformer T1,
and the CR1 anode/cathode main current path. The impedance or
internal resistance of the ringing-choke converter, is such that it
could not supply or sustain such a current, consequently the said
current pulse is sustained substantially only until the charge of
capacitor C1 is appreciably decreased. At that time, both the
effective voltage across the anode cathode circuit of CR1 and the
CR1 gate electrode triggering pulse from the neon lamp relaxation
oscillator will have both greatly decreased. Extinguishment of L1
through the "dumping" of C2 charge, starts a new cycle of recharing
of C2 through R4. The diode D3 prevents the flow of any back
current from the CR1 gate electrode during transient conditions
accompanying the spark discharge between FR and PL. Transformer T1,
which has a relatively large step-up ratio, is capable of producing
a secondary voltage on the order of 16 Kilovolts to produce the
spark discharge.
It will be noted that, as is known, the flame rod FR, acts as an
anode of a high resistance diode in cooperation with the flame
itself and the grounded housing of the pilot PL. Since the
relaxation oscillator/sparking pulser circuitry (i.e., that to the
right of C1) is to be inhibited, or disabled, once the pilot flame
is actually established, use is made of the so-called flame
rectification characteristic just described. The forward resistance
of this "flame diode" is in the megohm range and, in order to serve
the purpose of inhibiting the relaxation oscillator/pulser, must be
supplied with current poled at a positive potential with respect to
ground as applied to FR.
In the circuit of the drawing, the junction of C2, L1 and R4 also
provides a return for the secondary of the pulse transformer T1.
Between spark cycles, the flame diode (assuming the pilot flame is
extant) permits some current through R4 and the said secondary of
T1 to pass through the said flame diode. The value of R4 is chosen
so that the flame conduction resistance and the said R4 act as a
divider, reducing the potential at the said junction of L1, C2 and
R4 to a value below the minimum firing potential of L1.
From the foregoing information, it will be seen that the source
constituted by the DC-to-DC converter (ringing-choke oscillator) to
the left of C1, must be positive at the upper end of R4. While
there are many ways that this can be accomplished with a DC-to-DC
converter, it is essential that it be accomplished in an efficient,
low cost manner.
Since, as already indicated, a grounded negative storage battery
source (E.sub.o) of 12 volts, for example, is also an initial
constraint, the DC-to-DC must handle this situation without
resorting to multi-winding transformers, or other more expensive
expedients.
Before describing the ringing-choke converter of the present
invention in detail, it may be useful to point out that prior art
ringing-choke converter circuits for general application, are
commonly more complex. See, for example, the text entitled "RCA
Silicon Power Circuits Manual" (a publication of Radio Corporation
of America as part of their technical series SP-51, dated 1969).
Page 168 describes a typical prior art ringing-choke inverter (or
converter) circuit.
The ringing-choke oscillator circuit of the present invention
includes only a tapped tank coil or auto transformer T2, a single
PNP transistor, a pair of diodes, a filter/storage capacitor and
three resistors.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the electronic circuit arts
that a PNP transistor Q1 is appropriate for the polarities
indicated and aforementioned. In an initial condition, current from
the positive pole of the source E.sub.o passes through diode D1
through T2. Most of this current follows the tap through the
emitter of Q1 and passes through the emitter/collector current path
of the said Q1 to the negative E.sub.o terminal (i.e., ground). The
resistors R1 and R2 constitute a base biasing arrangement for Q1,
such that, in the quiescent condition, Q1 is biased into a
conducting condition substantially below saturation. The growth of
current through the upper portion of T2, i.e., from D1 to the tap,
induces a signal into the lower half of T2 which is regenerative in
polarity as it reaches the base of Q1. That is, this regenerative
condition is extant until Q1 begins to saturate, at which time the
rate of current growth in the upper portion of T2 falls off. As is
well understood in electromagnetic circuit theory, the induced
regenerative signal aforementioned in the lower portion of T2 then
quickly reverses and becomes degenerative, hastening the cutoff of
Q1 until that portion of the cycle runs its course. Subsequently
the reconduction of Q1 starts the cycle over again. Thus, the
junction of R2 and R3 provides an alternating signal which is
rectified by D2 through current limiting resistor R3 in order to
charge capacitor C1.
Although the flame conduction referred to hereinbefore is effective
to inhibit the further function of the relaxation oscillator/pulser
by reducing the voltage at the junction of R4 and C2, the
ringing-choke oscillator continues to operate and maintain the
fully charged condition of filter/storage capacitor C1.
Typical circuit values for the embodiment of the FIGURE are given
in Table I below. A typical operating frequency for the said
ringing-choke oscillator is 20KHz.
TABLE OF TYPICAL COMPONENT TYPES AND VALUES
______________________________________ D1, D2 and D3 IN4002 Q1 MPSD
51 (Motorola) R1 4.7K.OMEGA. R2 470.OMEGA. R3 150.OMEGA. R4 22
Megohms R5 1K.OMEGA. R6 1K.OMEGA. CRI SCR C1 2.2 .mu. fd C2
0.001.mu. fd ______________________________________
Certain modifications and variations will suggest themselves to
those skilled in these arts. Accordingly, it is not intended that
the scope of the invention should be limited by the drawing or this
description.
* * * * *