U.S. patent number 3,632,285 [Application Number 04/889,727] was granted by the patent office on 1972-01-04 for gas igniter system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Fenwal Incorporated. Invention is credited to George B. Foster.
United States Patent |
3,632,285 |
Foster |
January 4, 1972 |
GAS IGNITER SYSTEM
Abstract
The AC powered, electronic igniter system disclosed herein
generates sparks to ignite gas at a burner and includes means for
inhibiting sparking when a flame is present at the burner. The
spark gap itself is resistively isolated from the AC supply to
prevent the creation of a shock hazard without requiring an AC
power transformer.
Inventors: |
Foster; George B. (Mattapan,
MA) |
Assignee: |
Fenwal Incorporated (Ashland,
MA)
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Family
ID: |
25395680 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/889,727 |
Filed: |
December 31, 1969 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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793832 |
Jan 24, 1969 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
431/264;
361/256 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F23Q
3/004 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F23Q
3/00 (20060101); F23q 003/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;431/264,266
;317/74,96,93,97 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Favors; Edward G.
Parent Case Text
This is a continuation in part of application, Ser. No. 793,832,
filed Jan. 24, 1969.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A transformerless igniter system adapted to be energized from a
pair of AC supply leads and to ignite gas at a burner, said system
comprising:
means, including at least one electrode, for defining a spark gap
adjacent said burner;
a spark coil having a primary winding and a secondary winding;
means for connecting one side of said secondary winding to said one
electrode;
means, including a coupling capacitor, for connecting the other
side of said secondary winding to the side of said spark gap which
is opposite said one electrode;
a timing capacitor;
first circuit means, including a relatively high value timing
resistance, for applying a charging current to said timing
capacitor from said AC supply leads;
second circuit means, including a relatively high value isolating
resistance, for connecting said other side of said secondary
winding to said timing capacitor;
a triggerable semiconductor current-switching device connected to
apply an electric pulse to said primary winding; and
means for triggering said switching device when the voltage on said
timing capacitor exceeds a predetermined level to generate a spark
at said gap, whereby a flame at said burner shunts said timing
capacitor through said isolating resistance and prevents the
voltage on said timing capacitor from reaching said predetermined
level thereby inhibiting sparking and whereby said isolating
resistance isolates said spark gap means from the AC supply
leads.
2. An igniter system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said burner
defines the side of said spark gap opposite said electrode.
3. An igniter system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said
triggerable switching device comprises an SCR.
4. An igniter system as set forth in claim 3 including an energy
storage capacitor which is discharged by said SCR into the primary
winding of said spark coil to generate a spark at said gap.
5. An igniter system as set forth in claim 4 wherein said first
circuit means which applied a charging current to said timing
capacitor is connected to said energy storage capacitor whereby
said timing capacitor charges more slowly than said energy storage
capacitor.
6. An igniter system as set forth in claim 1 including a voltage
divider comprising a pair of resistors for obtaining an
intermediate voltage from AC voltages of opposite polarity applied
to said supply leads.
7. An igniter system as set forth in claim 6 wherein said
intermediate voltage is substantially equal to ground
potential.
8. An igniter system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said means for
triggering said switching device comprises a neon lamp.
9. A transformerless igniter system adapted to be energized from a
pair of AC supply leads and to ignite gas at at burner, said system
comprising:
an electrode, adapted to be mounted adjacent said burner for
defining a spark gap therewith;
a spark coil having a primary winding and a secondary winding, one
side of said secondary winding being connected to said
electrode;
a coupling capacitor for connecting the other side of said
secondary winding to said burner;
an energy storage capacitor;
means, including a rectifier, for charging said energy storage
capacitor from said supply leads;
a timing capacitor;
first circuit means, including a relatively high value timing
resistance, for applying a charging current to said timing
capacitor from said storage capacitor;
second circuit means, including a relatively high value isolating
resistance, for connecting said other side of said secondary
winding to said timing capacitor;
an SCR connected to discharge said energy storage capacitor through
said primary winding; and
a neon lamp connected between said timing capacitor and the gate of
said SCR for triggering said SCR when the voltage on said timing
capacitor exceeds a predetermined level thereby to generate a spark
at said gap, whereby a flame at said burner shunts said timing
capacitor through said isolating resistance and prevents the
voltage on said timing capacitor from reaching said predetermined
level thereby inhibiting sparking and whereby said isolating
resistance isolates said electrode from the AC supply leads.
10. A transformerless igniter system adapted to be energized from a
pair of AC supply leads and to ignite gas at a burner, said system
comprising:
means, including at least one electrode, for defining a spark gap
adjacent said burner;
a spark coil having a primary winding and a secondary winding;
means for connecting one side of said secondary winding to said one
electrode;
a timing capacitor;
first circuit means, including a relatively high value timing
resistance, for applying a charging current to said timing
capacitor from said AC supply leads;
second circuit means, including a relatively high value isolating
resistance, for connecting said other side of said secondary
winding to said timing capacitor;
a triggerable semiconductor current-switching device connected to
apply an electric pulse to said primary winding;
means for triggering said switching device when the voltage on said
timing capacitor exceeds a predetermined level thereby to generate
a sparking pulse; and discriminating means presenting an
essentially open circuit to said charging current and being
conductive of said sparking pulse for connecting the other side of
said secondary winding to the side of said spark gap which is
opposite said one electrode, whereby a flame at said burner shunts
said timing capacitor through said isolating resistance and
prevents the voltage on said timing capacitor from reaching said
predetermined level thereby inhibiting sparking and whereby said
isolating resistance isolates said spark gap means from the AC
supply leads.
11. An igniter system as set forth in claim 10 wherein said
discriminating means is a capacitor.
12. An igniter system as set forth in claim 10 wherein said
discriminating means is a voltage breakdown device.
13. An igniter system as set forth in claim 12 wherein said
breakdown device is a neon tube.
14. An igniter system as set forth in claim 12 wherein said
breakdown device is a second spark gap.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an AC powered, electronic gas igniter
system and more particularly to such a system in which the spark
gap is isolated from the AC supply.
Various electronic gas igniter systems have been devised heretofore
which would generate sparks for igniting gas at a burner and which
would inhibit sparking in response to the presence of a flame at
the burner. However, such systems typically require the use of a
relatively expensive AC power transformer to isolate the spark gap
itself from the power source and to thereby prevent the creation of
a shock hazard. Such prior systems are illustrated, for example, in
U.S. Pat. No. 3,377,125 issued to R. J. Zielinsky on Apr. 9,
1968.
Among the several objects of the present invention may be noted the
provision of an AC powered igniter system in which the spark gap is
isolated from the AC supply; the provision of such a system which
does not employ an AC power transformer; the provision of such a
system which is highly reliable; the provision of such a system
which is relatively insensitive to transient pulses; the provision
of such a system which may be operated from different supply
voltages; and the provision of such a system which is relatively
simple and inexpensive. Other objects and features will be in part
apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Briefly, a transformerless igniter system according to the present
invention is adapted to be energized from a pair of AC supply leads
and to ignite gas at a burner. A spark gap is defined adjacent the
burner by means which includes at least one electrode. A spark coil
is provided having a primary winding and a secondary winding. One
side of the secondary winding is connected to the electrode and the
other side of the secondary winding is connected, by means
including a coupling capacitor, to the side of the spark gap which
is opposite the electrode. A first circuit means, including a
relatively high value timing resistance, applies a charging current
to the timing capacitor from the AC supply leads and a second
circuit means, including a relatively high value isolating
resistance, connects the aforesaid other side of the secondary
winding to the timing capacitor. A triggerable semiconductor
current switching device is connected to apply an electric pulse to
the primary winding of the spark coil and the device is triggered
when the voltage on the timing capacitor exceeds a predetermined
level, thereby to generate a spark at the gap. A flame at the
burner shunts the timing capacitor through the isolating resistance
and prevents the voltage on the timing capacitor from reaching the
predetermined level, thereby inhibiting sparking. The isolating
resistance isolates the spark gap itself from the AC supply
leads.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a transformerless gas
igniter system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a modification adapted for
use with a relatively high AC supply voltage.
Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts
through the several views of the drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to FIG. 1, a conventional gas burner is indicated at
11. Gas is provided to burner 11 from a supply main 13 through a
valve 15. The burner 11 is assumed to be electrically grounded as
indicated. Valve 15 is mechanically coupled to and controls the
operation of a switch SW1, the switch being closed when the valve
is opened. Switch SW1 controls the energization of the electronic
igniter system of this invention, indicated generally at 19, from a
pair of AC supply leads L1 and L2. Leads L1 and L2 are connected to
an appropriate AC power source such as conventional 120-volt
60-cycle AC supply mains, the lead L2 preferably being the neutral
or ground connection. High-frequency transients are shunted by a
capacitor C1 to prevent damage to or false triggering of the
semiconductor components employed in the igniter system.
An electrode, designated 21, is physically mounted next to burner
11 so as to define therewith a spark gap which is adjacent the gas
outlet portion of the burner. A spark coil 23 is provided for
producing sparks across the gap. Spark coil 23 comprises a
relatively low voltage primary winding W1 and a high-voltage
secondary winding W2. One side of secondary winding W2 is connected
directly to the electrode 21 while the other side is connected,
through a pulse-coupling capacitor C2, to the burner 11 which
constitutes the side of the spark gap opposite the electrode
21.
One end of primary winding W1 is connected to the lead L2 and the
other end is connected, through an energy storage capacitor C3, to
the anode of an SCR (silicon-controlled rectifier) Q1. The cathode
of SCR Q1 is connected to the ground lead L2 and the gate-cathode
circuit is shunted by a resistor R5 for bypassing leakage
currents.
Capacitor C3 is selectively charged from the AC supply leads L1 and
L2 through a circuit which includes a rectifying diode D1 and a
resistor R1. Unidirectional current, obtained through diode D1 and
resistor R1, is also applied, through a timing resistor R2, to
charge a timing capacitor C4. This ungrounded side of capacitor C4
is also connected, through a neon lamp N1 and a current limiting
resistor R4, to the gate of the SCR Q1. As is understood by those
skilled in the art, a neon lamp such as that indicated at N1 is a
voltage breakdown device which will conduct only after the voltage
applied thereto exceeds a predetermined threshold and will cease
conducting only when the applied voltage drops to a substantially
lower level. When lamp N1 breaks into conduction, a triggering
pulse is applied to the gate of SCR Q1.
The operation of this system is substantially as follows.
When the valve 15 is opened to admit gas to burner 11, the
electronic igniter system 19 is energized from the AC supply leads
L1 and L2 through switch SW1 and capacitor C3 charges through
resistor R1. At the same time, capacitor C4 charges through
resistor R2. However, since resistor R2 is energized only from the
voltage on capacitor C3, capacitor C4 charges more slowly than
capacitor C3. When the voltage on capacitor C4 reaches the
breakdown threshold of lamp N1, SCR Q1 is triggered. Conduction
through SCR Q1 applied a sharp current pulse to the primary winding
W1, the energy previously stored on capacitor C3 being discharged
into the spark coil 23 to generate a spark across the gap between
electrode 21 and burner 11. After the spark is generated, SCR Q1 is
turned off by reducing of the spark coil 23.
The charging of the capacitors C3 and C4 and the firing of SCR Q1
will repeat periodically as long as the spark gap exhibits a
relatively high impedance. However, once the gas is ignited and a
flame is present at the burner, the resulting ionized gases in the
spark gap will lower its effective DC impedance. This lowered gap
impedance, acting through the resistor R6, shunts the timing
capacitor C4 and prevents it from being charged to the voltage
necessary to fire the neon lamp N1. Accordingly, sparking at the
gap will be inhibited whenever a flame is present at the burner. If
the flame at the burner should be extinguished, other than by
closing valve 15, the igniter circuit 19 will automatically resume
sparking so that, if gas is still flowing to the burner, it will be
reignited.
As the extremely high impedance of the neon lamp N1 prior to
breakdown allows a relatively high value resistor to be employed as
the charging resistor R2, it can be seen that the resistor R6 can
likewise be of relatively high value without interfering with the
automatic-spark-inhibiting operation. The relatively high value of
resistor R6 quite effectively isolates the secondary winding W2 and
the spark gap from the AC source for safety purposes. In other
words the current which could be drawn from the source through
resistor R6 is much less than that which would represent a danger
to human life. Thus, even if the supply leads in the FIG. 1
embodiment were misconnected, e.g. by inserting the usual AC supply
cord plug in a reversed manner, so that the lead L1 was grounded
instead of lead L2, no significant current could be drawn from the
AC source through the electrode. In contrast, if the secondary
winding W2 were connected directly to capacitor C4 without the
isolating resistance R6 and lead L2 were inadvertently connected to
the ungrounded side of the AC supply, capacitor C4 could transmit a
dangerous amount of AC from lead L2 to the electrode.
The use of resistive isolation eliminates the need for an AC power
transformer to isolate the entire igniter system from the AC supply
leads. Thus, this system is transformerless in the sense that no AC
power transformer is employed. Accordingly, as used herein and in
the claims, the term transformerless should be understood to mean a
system which does not include an AC power isolating transformer
although it may include a pulse transformer or transformer type
spark coil such as indicated at 23 in the drawings.
The embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2 is energized through a pair of
supply leads L1 and L3 which are provided with AC voltages which
are of opposite polarity with respect to ground, e.g., by being
connected to conventional 240-volt 60-cycle AC supply mains. An
intermediate voltage which is substantially equal to ground
potential is provided by means of a pair of dropping resistors R7
and R8 which are connected in series across the leads L1 and L3. As
the resistor R7 provides current limiting or delay in charging
capacitor C3, the resistor R1 of FIG. 1 is omitted. However, the
remainder of the circuit is essentially the same and functions in
substantially identical manner, the higher source voltage being
reduced to level comparable to that used in FIG. 1 by the resistors
R7 and R8.
In the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2, the capacitor C2 is employed
to pass the igniting pulses while presenting an essentially open
circuit to the DC charging current flowing to the timing capacitor
C4. In other words, capacitor C2 functions as a discriminator
means. In the embodiment of FIG. 3, this discrimination function is
provided by the neon tube or other gas discharge tube N2 which
functions as a voltage breakdown device and is selected to have a
higher breakdown potential than the tube N1. During charging of the
timing capacitor C4, the tube N2 acts essentially as an open
circuit since the voltage across capacitor C4 does not reach the
ignition threshold of tube N2. However, when the SCR Q1 is
triggered, the resulting high-voltage pulse developed across the
transformer secondary winding causes tube N2 to conduct and to
produce a sparking potential between the electrode 21 and the
burner.
In the embodiment of FIG. 4, this function of conducting the
sparking pulse and acting as an open circuit to the
current-charging capacitor C4 is provided by a second spark gap.
This second gap is formed between the burner and a second electrode
22. Electrode 22 is connected to the end of secondary winding W2
opposite to electrode 21. Assuming no flame is present, this second
gap acts as an open circuit and permits capacitor C4 to charge
through resistor R2. However, when SCR Q1 if fired, both spark gaps
break down and produce sparking for igniting the fuel. After a
flame is established, both gaps act to shunt the charging current
through the ions present in the flame. As in the previous
embodiments, the resistor R6 provides isolation preventing harmful
shocks from the electrodes 21 and 22.
In view of the foregoing, it may be seen that several objects of
the present invention are achieved and other advantageous results
have been attained.
As various changes could be made in the above constructions without
departing from the scope of the invention, it should be understood
that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the
accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not
in a limiting sense.
* * * * *