U.S. patent number 3,877,598 [Application Number 05/445,531] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-15 for closure structures having child-safety feature.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Polytop Corporation. Invention is credited to Robert E. Hazard.
United States Patent |
3,877,598 |
Hazard |
April 15, 1975 |
Closure structures having child-safety feature
Abstract
Closure structures which are constructed so that when pressure
is applied to a portion of a cap in a closed position on a base
that the cap is tilted to a position in which it can be moved from
the closed position can be constructed by using a fulcrum means
adjacent to spaced surfaces on the base and the cap. Flange means
on the base and the cap are normally engaged when the cap is in a
closed position so as to hold the cap in the closed position. These
flange means are at least partially disengaged as a result of the
rotation of the cap indicated.
Inventors: |
Hazard; Robert E. (North
Kingston, RI) |
Assignee: |
Polytop Corporation
(Slatersville, RI)
|
Family
ID: |
23769285 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/445,531 |
Filed: |
February 25, 1974 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
215/224; 215/225;
215/250; 215/306; 222/546 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
47/148 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
47/14 (20060101); B65D 47/12 (20060101); B65d
055/02 (); B65d 055/56 (); A61j 001/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;215/9,211,224,306,225,250 ;220/38.5 ;222/153,546 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Hall; George T.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: O'Brian; Edward D.
Claims
I claim:
1. In a closure structure having a base with an opening leading
therethrough and a cap having a top, said cap being intended to be
positioned on said base so that said top covers said opening in a
closed position and being capable of being moved to an opened
position in which said top does not cover said opening the
improvement which comprises:
projecting flange means on said base and on said cap for engaging
one another when said cap is in said closed position so as to hold
said cap on said base,
at least one of said flange means being capable of being
temporarily deformed so as to permit said cap to be assembled on
said base in said closed position and so as to permit said cap to
be removed from said base to said opened position,
surfaces on said base and said cap which are spaced from one
another when said cap is in said closed position, and
fulcrum means located adjacent to one of said spaced surfaces,
said surfaces and said fulcrum means being shaped so as to permit
said cap to be rotated about said fulcrum means so as to be at
least partially disengage said flange means when said cap is being
moved from said closed to said opened position.
2. A closure structure as claimed in claim 1 wherein:
the bottom of said cap fits against the top of said base except
where said surfaces are located.
3. A closure structure as claimed in claim 2 including:
spacer means located between said surfaces, said spacer means
serving to prevent said cap from being rotated about said fulcrum
means, said spacer means being capable of being removed from
between said surfaces so as to permit said cap to be rotated about
said fulcrum means.
4. A closure structure as claimed in claim 1 wherein:
said base has a cylindrical neck surrounding said opening.
said cap has a dependent skirt which fits around said neck secured
to said top,
said flange means on said cap comprises an internal flange located
within said skirt,
said flange means on said base comprises an external flange located
on said neck.
5. A closure structure as claimed in claim 4 wherein:
the bottom of said skirt fits against the top of said base when
said cap is in said closed position,
said surface on said base is a recessed portion in the top of said
base,
said surface on said cap is a part of the bottom of said skirt.
6. A closure structure as claimed in claim 5 wherein:
said recessed portion is a groove in the top of said base.
said cap being capable of being rotated about said fulcrum means so
a part of said skirt extends into said groove.
said fulcrum means comprises shoulders at the extremities of said
groove.
7. A closure structure as claimed in claim 6 wherein:
said groove is covered by the bottom of said skirt when said cap is
in said closed position.
8. A closure structure as claimed in claim 5 wherein:
said recessed portion is exposed to the exterior of said base when
said closure structure is used.
9. A closure structure as claimed in claim 8 including:
spacer means located within said recess between said cap and said
base for preventing said cap from being rotated about said fulcrum
means,
said spacer means being capable of being removed from between said
cap and said base so as to permit said cap to be moved from said
closed to said opened position.
10. A closure structure as claimed in claim 9 wherein:
said spacer means comprises a spacer band integral with said base
and connected to said base by a small quantity of material capable
of being easily severed so as to permit said spacer band to be
removed from said base.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention set forth in this specification pertains to new and
improved closure structures and more specifically to closure
structures employing a base or base part and a cap or cap part
which is adapted to be assembled on the base so as to close off an
opening when the cap is in a closed position.
Many structures of this type are known and many of such known
structures are commonly utilized. Frequently such structures are
formed so as to include flanges or similar structures on the parts
which are adapted to engage one another so as to hold the caps in
these devices in closed positions. Such flanges are normally
constructed so that they are sufficiently resilient to permit the
caps to be disengaged when sufficient force is applied to cause
temporary deformation of these flanges.
Structures of this type are normally comparatively difficult to
open as a result of the forces required in order to cause the
flanges used to disengage. In order to remedy this problem it has
been proposed to locate projecting tabs on the caps in closures of
this type. The idea behind this is that such tabs can be used
essentially as lever arms to facilitate the application of the
forces needed to cause disengagement of the closure parts.
Unfortunately such tabs for practical reasons have to be fairly
small if a closure is to be utilized with certain types of capping
equipment. Further, frequently it is desirable to keep such tabs
comparatively short or small for aesthetic reasons and in order to
keep down the tendency for a customer to open the closure in a
store. This tends to limit the leverage obtainable by this type of
expedient.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An objective of the present invention is to provide new and
improved closure structures of the type indicated in the preceding
which may be easily and conveniently utilized but which do not
employ external means such as a tab to facilitate their being
opened. The invention is also intended to supply new and improved
closures which are sufficiently difficult to open so that to at
least a degree they may be classified as child resistant. This
latter is considered to be of a certain degree of significance
since closures of the type to which this invention pertains are
frequently utilized in packaging materials which are in one way or
the other somewhat hazardous.
In accordance with this invention these objectives are achieved by
providing a closure structure having a base with an opening leading
therethrough and a cap having a top, this cap being intended to be
positioned on the base so that the top covers the opening in a
closed position and being capable of being moved to an open
position in which the top does not cover the opening by the
improvement which comprises: projecting flange means on the base
and on the cap for engaging one another when the cap is in the
closed position so as to hold the cap on the base, at least one of
said flange means being capable of being temporarily deformed so as
to permit the cap to be assembled on the base in a closed position
and so as to permit the cap to be removed from the base to the
opened position, surfaces on the base and on the cap which are
spaced from one another when the cap is in the closed position and
fulcrum means located adjacent to one of the spaced surfaces.
With a structure of this type the surfaces of the fulcrum means are
shaped so as to permit the cap to be rotated about the fulcrum
means so as to at least partially disengage the flange means when
the cap is in the process of being moved from the closed to the
opened position. By virtue of this type of structure the flange
means can be disengaged to a sufficient extent so that the cap can
be moved to open the closure structure by a downward thrust. This
is considered to be important since it is comparatively easy to
push downward against the closure with a significant force. This
manner of operation is considered to be easier and more desirable
than opening a closure structure of the type indicated using a tab
as a lever arm.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention is best more fully explained with reference to the
accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a presently preferred embodiment or
form of a closure structure in accordance with this invention;
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the closure structure shown in
FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken at line 3--3 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is an isometric view of a modified closure structure in
accordance with this invention;
FIG. 5 is a side elevational view of the closure structure shown in
FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken at line 6--6 of FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is an isometric view of a slightly altered form of the
closure structure illustrated in FIG. 4.
The different closure structures illustrated in the drawing embody
certain principles or concepts as are set forth and defined in the
appended claims forming a part of this disclosure. These principles
or concepts can be applied in a wide variety of differently
appearing and somewhat differently constructed closures through the
use or exercise of routine skill in the bottle closure field.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In FIG. 1 of the drawing there is shown a closure 10 which includes
a base or base portion 12. This base 12 is formed so as to include
a top 14 which carries a dependent annular skirt 16 and a
concentric dependent hollow plug 18. This skirt 16 and the plug 18
are conventional means for mounting a closure such as the closure
10 upon a container such as a squeeze polyethylene bottle (not
shown) so that during the use of the closure 10 fluid can be
exhausted from such a container through an opening 20 in the top
14. The particular opening 20 illustrated is formed by what may be
referred to as a "blind slot" method so as to include internal
shoulders 22. This particular opening 20 is thus shaped so
essentially it goes through the top 14 at an angle. This is desired
for certain dispensing closures.
The top 14 also includes a peripheral groove 24 having a rear
portion 26 which is recessed within the top 14 to a greater extent
than the remainder of the groove 24. This recessed rear portion 26
is separated from the remainder of the groove 24 by two shoulders
28 located opposite from one another equidistant from a flexible
strap 30 located at the rear of the closure 10. A continuous
external downwardly directed flange 32 extends completely around
the top 14 in a plane perpendicular to the axis going through the
skirt 16 and the plug 18.
It will be noted that the principal portion of the groove 24 and
the rear portion 26 are located in two different planes which are
also perpendicular to this axis. In the structure shown the
shoulders 28 are separated from one another less than 180.degree.
around this axis and are symmetrically located about an imaginary
line extending from the center of the strap 30 through this
axis.
The strap 30 carries a cap 34 so that this cap 34 may be positioned
in a closed position as shown in FIGS. 1-3 of the drawing and so
that this cap 34 may be swung away from the top 14. This cap 34
includes a peripheral skirt 36 and a top 38. The skirt 36 is
dimensioned so as to fit around the flange 32 so that an upwardly
directed flange 40 on it is located in such a position so as to
engage the flange 32 in order to firmly hold the cap 34 in place.
The top 38 also includes a centrally located plug 42 which engages
the interior of the opening 20 in such a manner as to further hold
the cap 34 in place. This plug 42 is primarily intended to fit
within the opening 20 so as to seal when the cap 34 is in
place.
It is to be noted that the strap 30 is connected to the skirt 36 in
such a manner as to permit the cap 34 to be pivoted from the closed
position illustrated in which the skirt 36 just fits within the
groove 24 so that the bottom of the skirt 36 is invisible or hidden
from view to a position in which the cap 34 is tilted or rotated
about the shoulders 28 so that the skirt 36 fits against the bottom
of the rear portion 26 adjacent to the strap 30. For this mode of
operation to be achieved it is necessary for the entire closure 10
to be formed of a temporarily deformable material such as
polyethylene, polypropylene or the like. In theory it would be
possible to form either the base 12 or the cap 34 out of such a
material capable of temporary deformation and to form the other
part out of a more rigid material.
The important thing is to have these two parts formed so that as
pressure is applied to the top 38 of the cap 34 adjacent to the
strap 30 the flanges 32 and 40 will "pop" over one another so as to
release the cap 34 so that it can be pivoted about the shoulders
28. These shoulders 28 serve as fulcrum means enabling the cap 34
to be rotated to a position in which it can be manually engaged so
as to be lifted off of the top 14. When the cap 34 is to be
replaced it can be moved to immediately above the closed position
shown and pushed downwardly so it can be forced into a position as
illustrated.
In FIGS. 4-6 of the drawing there is shown a modified closure 100
in accordance with this invention which is very similar to the
closure 10. It has a base 102 connected by a strap 104 to a cap
106. This base 102 includes a top 108 carrying a dependent
skirt-like holding flange 110 and a concentric cylindrical plug
112. This flange 110 and the plug 112 are conventional means for
mounting the base 102 on a conventional container.
The top 108 includes an upstanding cylindrical flange 114 defining
a concentric dispensing opening 116 of rather large diameter
extending through the top 108. This flange 114 is surrounded by an
external flange 118 corresponding to the flange 32. Immediately
beneath it the top 108 is provided with a groove 120 corresponding
to the groove 24. This groove 120 has a recessed rear portion 122
which is also separated from the remainder of the groove 120 by
shoulders 124 which correspond to the shoulders 28 previously
described. A small spacer band 126 is located along the entire
length of the rear portion 122 so as to be spaced from the flange
118. This spacer band 126 is preferably connected to the base 102
by a small thin line or web 128 of material so that it can be
conveniently broken off of the base 102. A small projecting end 130
is provided on the band 126 to facilitate this band 126 being
removed from the base 102.
This band 126 serves to support the bottom 132 of the skirt 134 on
the top 108 so that this skirt 134 is held in a plane perpendicular
to the axis of the opening 116 at all times when the band 126 is in
place in order to make sure that the cap 106 is not inadvertently
moved. Preferably the strap 104 is secured to the skirt 134
adjacent to this bottom 132 so that if the skirt 134 is
inadvertently flexed it will fit against the band 126. This skirt
134 carries an internal upwardly directed flange 136 corresponding
to the flange 40 which is adapted to fit against the flange 118 so
as to normally hold the cap 106 in place so that the top 138 of
this cap is positioned with an internal annular plug 140 fitting
within the forming a seal against the interior of the flange
118.
This closure 100 is adapted to be formed of a material as used in
forming the closure 10. When it is so formed it can be assembled as
shown in the drawing with the band 126 in place. When the closure
100 is to be used the end 130 can be manually engaged and pulled so
as to sever the band 126 along the web 128. This exposes the rear
portion 122 of the groove 120 so that this recessed rear portion
122 is open to the exterior of the closure 100. Pressure can then
be applied to the top 108 above this rear portion 122 so as to
pivot it about the shoulders 124. This will have the effect of
causing temporary deformation enabling this rotation to take place.
Such rotation will place the cap 106 in a position in which it can
easily be lifted off of the base 102. The cap 106 can, however, be
reassembled upon this base 102 by being pushed down on the base 102
to a cylindrical position.
The closures 10 and 100 can be modified in a number of different
ways. As a rather obvious example of this there is shown in FIG. 7
a closure 200 which is identical to the closure 100 in all respects
except for the substitution of a handle 202 for the end 130 and
except for the substitution of a skirt 204 corresponding to the
skirt 16 and an internal plug (not shown) corresponding to the plug
18 for the flange 110 and the plug 112. It is noted that the handle
202 is curved back along the periphery of the closure 200 so as not
to extend from it any significant distance. This is to enable the
closure 200 to be utilized with conventional capping equipment.
In all of the closures illustrated the shoulders described serve as
fulcrums so as to obtain a degree of leverage in causing the
temporary material deformation necessary to open these closures.
The amount of such deformation required can to a degree be
regulated by varying the positions of these shoulders. The
positions illustrated are presently considered preferable in
providing closures which are relatively difficult to open but which
still can be opened without extreme difficulty. This counterbalance
of these two considerations is considered important in providing
closures which are relatively child resistant and/or child proof in
the sense that they are not apt to be opened by comparatively young
children.
The spacer means illustrated and described in connection with the
closure 100 can also be utilized to increase the degree of
difficulty involved in opening and closing a closure as herein
described. As an example of this the band 126 indicated is formed
so that it is joined to the base 102 by the web 128 in such a
manner that this band 126 may be easily separated. The extremity of
the web 128 remote from the end 130 can be spaced so that it will
not interfere with movement of the cap 106 and can be formed
thicker than the remainder of this web 128 so that it will not be
broken in use but instead will serve as a resilient hinge. When
this is done the band 126 can be used as a resilient latch to
control when the cap 106 is opened. Other equivalent latch means
can be employed.
* * * * *