U.S. patent number 3,874,385 [Application Number 05/397,530] was granted by the patent office on 1975-04-01 for laminated diaper topsheet to provide disposability of solid wastes.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Procter & Gamble Company. Invention is credited to Dale Albert Gellert.
United States Patent |
3,874,385 |
Gellert |
April 1, 1975 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
LAMINATED DIAPER TOPSHEET TO PROVIDE DISPOSABILITY OF SOLID
WASTES
Abstract
A disposable diaper is provided with a laminated topsheet for
covering of the absorbent pad and contacting the infant. By
delamination and removal of the outer portion of the topsheet, it
and the solid waste thereon may be disposed of separately from the
remainder of the diaper, particularly the bulky portion which
absorbs the water-like liquid wastes.
Inventors: |
Gellert; Dale Albert (Aurora,
IN) |
Assignee: |
The Procter & Gamble
Company (Cincinnati, OH)
|
Family
ID: |
23571560 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/397,530 |
Filed: |
September 17, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
604/364; 604/370;
604/390; 604/385.201; 604/366; 604/374 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61F
13/53409 (20130101); A61F 13/15211 (20130101); A61F
13/5116 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61F
13/15 (20060101); A61f 013/16 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/287,284,286,29B,29R,296,270 ;161/406,151 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gaudet; Richard A.
Assistant Examiner: McGowan; J. C.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Linman; E. Kelly Braun; Fredrick H.
Gorman; John V.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In a disposable diaper of the type comprising a water-impervious
backsheet, an absorbent core superimposed on said backsheet, a
generally hydrophobic topsheet overlying and enclosing said
absorbent core, and a pair of tape fasteners for securing said
diaper in an operative position about the wearer's waist, the
improvement wherein said topsheet comprises two layers and wherein
the inter-layer bonding between said topsheet layers is less strong
than the intra-layer bonding between said topsheet and the
remainder of said diaper, said diaper including a topsheet
delamination initiation means comprising a release liner for at
least one of said tape fasteners whereby said topsheet can be
delaminated to allow separate disposal of the layers thereof.
2. The disposable diaper of claim 1 wherein said release liner
comprises a tab affixed to said topsheet.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a liquid-pervious topsheet for disposable
diapers and more particularly relates to such a topsheet which is
laminated and can be delaminated for convenient disposal of fecal
material deposited thereon.
In the past decade, improvements in disposable diapers have
revolutionized the diapering of infants. As the term "disposable "
implies, these diapers are designed to be discarded after a single
use. Disposable diapers generally consist of an absorbent pad, a
pad-covering topsheet which contacts the infant, and a
liquid-impervious backsheet for containing the liquid wastes within
the absorbent pad. Not all disposable diapers include all of these
features; for example, some disposable diapers contain no backsheet
and are used in conjunction with a separate pair of
liquid-impervious pants.
A variety of pad-like inserts for use with specially designed pants
or for application within a conventional cloth diaper have also
been used, typical ones of which are described in U.S. Pat. No.
2,450,059 which issued Sept. 28, 1948, to F. K. Rickerson and U.S.
Pat. No. 2,002,368, which issued May 21, 1935, to C. L. Fancher.
Also, separate loose paper-like liners have been used in the past
with cloth diapers.
While going part of the way to solving the disposal problems, the
prior art does not address itself to the problems raised in
disposing of a single use diaper which is fecally soiled. Although
many disposable diapers have an absorbent pad assembly, typically
comprising an absorbent pad and a pad-covering body-contacting
topsheet, which is suited for disposal by flushing in a water
closet, this manner of disposal of the absorbent pad assembly has
some significant drawbacks. Generally, the absorbent pad assembly
is held in the flowing stream of water resulting from flushing the
water closet so that the pad is gradually torn apart by the flowing
water. The inconvenience of holding the diaper as it is being
flushed away discourages many users from disposing of the absorbent
pad assembly by flushing it down the water closet.
The alternatives to flushing the absorbent pad assembly also have
major drawbacks. If the absorbent pad assembly is fecally soiled,
disposal of it in the garbage is both unpleasant and potentially
unsanitary. Therefore, one concerned with the undesirable aspects
of disposing of a fecally soiled diaper in the garbage must first
scrape or rinse the soil into the toilet and then dispose of the
pad assembly in the garbage. In copending U.S. Pat. application
Ser. No. 313,079, Gellert, filed Dec. 7, 1972 and assigned to the
assignee of the present application, one solution to the problems
posed above is provided. This solution, simply stated, involves the
provision of a topsheet for a diaper or the like which is or which
has a portion which is smaller than the absorbent pad and is
separable therefrom.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of this invention to provide an alternative
solution to that of the aforementioned patent application to reduce
the inconvenience associated with the disposal of single-use
diapers which are fecally soiled.
It is a further object of this invention to provide for the
separate disposal of solid wastes from diapers without the
inconvenience of having to manipulate a loose liner to accomplish
this end.
It is still a further object of this invention to allow separate
disposal of the solid waste from a diaper together with a minimum
amount of topsheet material and without the bulky absorbent
pad.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
To accomplish these objects, a disposable diaper is provided with a
topsheet which is laminated and which can be delaminated to
facilitate fecal disposal. Upon delamination, the separated portion
of the topsheet together with the solid waste on it may be disposed
of separately from the remainder of the diaper.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing
out and distinctly claiming the invention, it is believed that the
invention will be better understood by reference to the following
explanation and accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a plan view of one embodiment of a diaper of the present
invention;
FIG. 2 is a vertical cross sectional view of the diaper of FIG. 1
taken at line 2--2;
FIG. 3 is an elevational view of a diaper of the present invention
showing delamination for disposal; and
FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a preferred
delamination initiation means.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a preferred embodiment of the diapers of
the present invention. Although the present invention can be used
in conjunction with many of the disposable diaper structures known
in the art, a preferred diaper is that of U.S. Pat. No. Re. 26,151,
Duncan and Baker issued Jan. 31, 1967 and incorporated herein by
reference.
With reference to both FIGS. 1 and 2, a typical diaper of the
present invention includes a water impervious backsheet 11, a "side
flap" portion 12 of which wraps about the lateral edges of the
diaper and, in use, forms a seal about the wearer's legs.
An absorbent material 13 such as multiple plies of creped tissue or
comminuted wood pulp provide a urine absorbing core for the diaper.
Comminuted wood pulp is preferred for material 13. Bacause of the
low strength of such material, an envelope 14 of paper or other
absorbent material with at least moderate wet strength preferably
surrounds the absorbent core 13. The absorbent material 13
preferably extends lengthwise of the diaper only to lines 13' and,
in use, the portion of the backsheet 11 which extends therebeyond
is folded thereover to provide a double thickness backsheet
enclosed waistband for the diaper.
A topsheet 15 of generally hydrophobic material which will allow
water to pass overlies and is typically attached to the absorbent
core 13 (or the envelope 14 therefor) and serves to keep urine out
of contact with the wearer of the diaper. The essence of the
present invention is the provision of a diaper having a
delaminatable topsheet 15. Such a topsheet 15 can be formed in a
variety of ways as will hereinafter be more fully described. With
the provision of such a topsheet 15, a fecally soiled diaper can be
readily separated to facilitate safe convenient disposal of its
parts. Typically, the topsheet 15 extends lengthwise of the diaper
to fully cover the backsheet 11.
Typically, a fecally soiled diaper of the present invention will be
held above the water closet and the topsheet 15 will be delaminated
to allow disposal of the fecal soil in the water closet and the
remainder of the diaper in the garbage. The outer portion of the
topsheet, which is separated together with the fecal waste, can be
rinsed in the water closet and disposed of with the remainder of
the diaper or can be deposited in the water closet with the fecal
soil. The reduced bulk of the fecally soiled portion of the
topsheet 15, which is only about half the bulk of the entire
topsheet 15, minimizes the concerns associated with flushing part
or all of the non-plastic portion of a disposable diaper in the
water closet.
In addition, the provision of a laminated topsheet 15 allows the
optimum design of each of the laminate layers for its particular
function. For example, the upper (wearer contacting) portion of the
topsheet 15 need only be strong enough to support the solid waste
and its own weight during separation and disposal. Consequently, a
relatively weak top portion of the topsheet 15 can be used while
the lower portion can provide most of the strength required from
the topsheet. In this connection, it should be noted that the
topsheet 15 provides a good deal of the overall strength of the
diaper when using a weak comminuted wood pulp absorbent material 13
and pins to secure the diaper about the wearer; the pins provide a
point load which the backsheet 11, alone, is ill equipped to
withstand. Thus, it is particularly advantageous to build the
requisite topsheet-strength into the lower portion of the topsheet
15 since this portion is not disposed of in the water closet. Other
variations wherein the topsheet 15 is preferably formed of layers
having different properties will occur to those skilled in the
art.
In order to allow ready delamination of the topsheet 15, access to
a corner or edge thereof is required. In the simple embodiment of
FIGS. 1 and 2 access to an edge of the topsheet 15 is readily
available, allowing ready delamination. If the edge of topsheet 15
is attached to the remainder of the diaper, the corner of the
diaper and the edge of the upper portion of the topsheet 15 are
grasped to delaminate the topsheet 15. If the topsheet 15 is
attached only by the central portion to the remainder of the
diaper, delamination of the topsheet 15 will typically be
accomplished by grasping both halves thereof and peeling the upper
portion from the lower. FIG. 3 generally illustrates such
delamination in a diaper having a delamination initiation
means.
The delaminatable topsheet 15 can be made in a variety of ways as
will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. For example, a
process generally like that described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,663,348,
which issued to Liloia et al. on May 16, 1972 and which is hereby
incorporated herein by reference, is preferably used. Briefly, such
a process involves the forming of a first fibrous layer and the
laying of a second fibrous layer thereover. Of course, the
intralayer bonding must be stronger than the interlayer bonding to
allow delamination. The interlayer bonding can be due to interfiber
bonding resulting from the nature of the fibers and the forming
process or can be due to the use of a separate adhesive. An
especially preferred adhesive to join the two layers of the
topsheet is one which is urine soluble such as poly(vinyl alcohol),
thus providing a diaper which delaminates in use.
In an alternative embodiment two sheets can be separately formed
and lightly adhered (continuously or discontinuously) together.
Whether the sheets are formed one on the other or preformed and
then assembled, the two layers of the topsheet can be the same or
different and, as mentioned, in an especially preferred embodiment
the top layer is relatively weak while the lower layer is
relatively strong.
Preferably, means are provided to facilitate the initiation of
delamination of the topsheet 15. One such means comprises a tab 16,
as shown in FIG. 3, affixed by any suitable means such as an
adhesive to the removable portion of the topsheet 15. The tab 16
can be of any material having sufficient strength and, preferably,
flexibility. Woven materials such as cloth or non-woven
(paper-like) materials with wet strength are preferably used for
the tab 16. In order to make the tab 16 readily identifiable it can
be made of colored material to stand out on the generally white
background of the diaper.
The tab 16 can be affixed to the underside of the removable portion
of the topsheet 15 as shown in FIG. 3 or to the top thereof.
Preferably, the tab 16 extends about 1 inch beyond the lateral or
longitudinal edge of the topsheet 15. Although less preferred, the
tab 16 can be limited in size so as to extend only to the edges of
the topsheet 15. In this event, the main benefit from the tab 16 is
the identification of the corner of the topsheet to encourage the
delamination thereof upon disposal and to add rigidity to the upper
portion of the topsheet 15 at the corner to facilitate
delamination.
A particularly preferred delamination initiation means for use with
the present invention is that shown in copending U.S. Pat.
application Ser. No. 298,142, Buell, filed Oct. 16, 1972 and now
U.S. Pat. No. 3,794,038 which is hereby incorporated herein by
reference. Such a delamination initiation means is shown in
vertical cross-section in FIG. 4 and consists of a modified portion
of the release liner associated with an integral tape fastener for
the diaper.
The portion of the diaper shown in FIG. 4 is a vertical
cross-section of the lateral edge taken transversely of the diaper
near the end thereof. The portions of the diaper of FIG. 4 which
correspond to the diaper portions of FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 are similarly
numbered but with the suffix a. Tape 17 shown in FIG. 4 is one of a
pair of such tapes located one on either edge of the diaper and
used to secure the diaper about the wearer. Joinder of the tape to
the diaper is effected by any suitable adhesive known in the
art.
A blocking sheet 18 is preferably employed to avoid adhesion
between the tape 17 and the edge and a portion of the top of the
side flap 12. Alternatively, although less conveniently in
practice, a tape 17 can be provided which does not have adhesive in
the region of desired non-attachment. The blocking sheet 18 can be
of any suitable material, preferably relatively thin plastic
sheeting or paper.
As is well known in the art, the portion of the tape 17 which is
adhered to the diaper only in use (i.e., the portion above the
blocking sheet 18 as shown in FIG. 4) is provided with a release
liner to avoid premature adherence thereof to the diaper. Such a
release liner is typically paper treated with a silicon compound
which allows ready separation of the liner from the tape. In the
embodiment of FIG. 4 the release liner 19 is secured by adhesive 20
to the topsheet 15a and thus provides a delamination initiation
means to allow ready separation of the two halves thereof.
A tab 21 of plastic sheeting or the like preferably underlies the
release liner 19 and is affixed thereto by the intervening layer of
adhesive 20. Such a tab serves, in practice, to simplify the
construction and assembly of the tape and release liner combination
and also aids in calling the user's attention to the free part of
the release liner 19 and its use to delaminate the topsheet 15a for
disposal. For simplicity of construction, the blocking sheet 18
will typically be of the same material as either the release liner
19 or the tab 21, allowing the formation of the entire tape,
release liner, tab and blocking sheet from three rolls of
material.
As with the other configurations, disposal of the diaper partially
illustrated in FIG. 4 involves delaminating the topsheet 15a and
disposing of the same together with any fecal soil thereon in the
water closet. Again, the remainder of the diaper is readily
disposed of in the garbage.
Many other variations of the present invention involving different
types of delaminatable topsheets and delamination initiating means
will occur to those skilled in the art in view of the above
exemplary embodiments.
* * * * *