U.S. patent number 3,870,437 [Application Number 05/417,763] was granted by the patent office on 1975-03-11 for planetary gear pump.
Invention is credited to John T. Gondek.
United States Patent |
3,870,437 |
Gondek |
March 11, 1975 |
PLANETARY GEAR PUMP
Abstract
A pump wherein a central rotating gear drives flexible planet
gears about its circumference and inside a circumferential ring
gear shaped outer housing. The space between the central rotating
gear and the circumferential ring gear varies in cross sectional
area to form a pumping chamber and communicates with inlet and
outlet ports to permit pumping of fluid therethrough. The variable
shape of the pumping chamber is achieved through the use of
non-concentric ring and sun gears, non-circular sun and ring gears,
flexible segments in the ring gear, or a flexible sun gear.
Inventors: |
Gondek; John T. (Columbia
Heights, Minneapolis, MN) |
Family
ID: |
26952507 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/417,763 |
Filed: |
November 21, 1973 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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267560 |
Jun 29, 1972 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
417/310; 418/153;
418/225 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F04B
43/0027 (20130101); F04C 5/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F04B
43/00 (20060101); F04C 5/00 (20060101); F01c
005/00 (); F03c 003/00 (); F04c 005/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;418/56,156,152,153,225,227 ;417/310 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Husar; C. J.
Assistant Examiner: Gluck; Richard E.
Parent Case Text
This is a division of application Ser. No. 267,560, filed June 29,
1972.
Claims
We claim:
1. A fluid pump comprising:
a generally cylindrical drive member adapted for rotation about its
axis and having gear teeth about its circumference to form a sun
gear;
a housing surrounding and supporting said drive member and having a
flexible inner circumferential surface disposed at a varying
distance from said generally cylindrical drive member so as to form
a pumping chamber therebetween said inner surface having gear teeth
thereon to form a ring gear;
inlet and outlet passageways in communication with said pumping
chamber;
a plurality of generally rigid rolling members held between said
drive member and said inner circumferential surface adapted to be
rolled by said drive member about said inner surface and carry
fluid through said pumping chamber from said inlet ports to said
outlet ports said rolling members having gear teeth about their
circumference to form planetary gears.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 in which said inner surface has
portions of constant radius about axes coincident with the axis of
rotation of said sun gear and ramp portions shaped to narrow said
pumping chamber and connect together the constant radius
portions.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 in which there are a plurality of
constant radius portions and a plurality of ramp portions.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 in which said ring gear also has rigid
portions interspersed in the flexible surface.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 including voids formed in the flexible
portions of the ring gear, said voids being in communication with
one of the inlet and outlet ports.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 in which said inlet and outlet
passageways communicate with the pumping chamber proximate said
ramp portions.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 in which said housing is closed on one
side by a cover having just enough flexibility to permit fluid to
pass beside said rolling members if the pressure exceeds a
predetermined limit.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Numerous types of pumps are known in the prior art. One class of
pump which finds extensive utility in the fluid pumping art
includes paddle pumps and sliding vane pumps. Paddle pumps
generally employ a rotating member with a number of flexible
paddles about the circumference. This paddle assembly is rotated
within a generally circular housing which is non concentric with
the paddle assembly so that the chamber between the rotating member
and the housing varies in cross section. The springy flexible
paddles adjust to this variance and operate to pump fluid between
ports which are in communication with the chamber.
A number of difficulties are encountered with this type of pump.
Since the paddles must be flexible to adjust to the varying width
of the chamber they are easily deflected by higher pressure fluid
so that the pumps must by limited to lower pressures. In addition,
the continual rubbing of the paddles against the outside walls
wears out the paddles and requires a large driving force to
overcome the friction. This large driving force makes the pumps
rather inefficient. Another difficulty stems from the fact that the
paddles tend to wipe dirt particles around the outside of the
chamber walls so that the chamber walls wear quickly and soon
develop a bypass.
Another type of pump is known as the sliding vane pump. These pumps
have the same offset central driving member positioned in a
generally circular housing but instead of flexible paddles they
utilize comparatively rigid vanes which slide in and out of radial
slots in the central driving member. The vanes are held against the
outside wall by either centrifugal forces or spring forces. These
type of pumps suffer many of the same disadvantages as discussed
earlier. The vanes tend to wipe dirt particles around the outside
of the housing causing excessive wear. Also the vanes easily jam in
the radial slots unless they are limited to use with fluids which
are, in themselves, good lubricants such as oil and the like. The
rubbing of the vanes against the outside walls requires a large
driving force making the pump inefficient and highly susceptible to
wear. The instant invention overcomes all of the above
disadvantages in a new and novel way as indicated below.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Briefly, my invention contemplates using a central rotational
driving member that is provided with teeth about its circumference.
These teeth operate to rotate flexible planetary gears about the
inside of a combination ring gear and housing. The central driving
member can be thought of as a sun gear whereas the pumping gears
are referred to herein as planetary gears. Ports are formed in the
housing to communicate with the chamber between the sun gear and
the ring gear so that fluid may be pumped therethrough by the
rotational motion of the planetary gears. In one embodiment the
chamber dimensions are caused to vary displacing the axis of the
sun gear with respect to the axis of the ring gear. In another
embodiment the ring gear is made with a changing radius and this
radius can be varied repeatedly to provide several pumps in a
single planetary gear arrangement. Other embodiments of the
invention contemplate not only flexible planetary gears but
flexible ring gears as well and also combinations of flexible
planetary, sun and ring gears.
Since the planetary gears roll about the inside of the ring gear
housing and about the outside of the central driving member or sun
gear they tend to roll over dirt particles rather than dragging
them along in an abrasive manner to wear parts of the pump.
Obviously there is no dragging friction as with paddles or vanes
but rather a rolling action. Accordingly much less force is
necessary to drive the pump and it is therefore much more efficient
than prior art designs. Still another advantage accrues from the
fact that the planetary gears are held firmly in place by virtue of
their being geared to both the inside and outside members so that
relatively high fluid pressure can be generated in the pump. The
more rigid the flexible gear is made the higher pressure that can
be handled by the pump and several flexible gear designs are
proposed herein which will achieve this end. Maintenance and repair
of the pump are made easier since the flexible planetary gears may
be simply slid in and out of the pump with very little effort.
Prior art designs usually require that the entire central member
which carries the paddles or vanes has to be removed to permit
repair. It may therefore be seen that it is an object of my
invention to provide a pump which is more efficient, less costly
for the pressures involved, easily maintained, and less susceptible
to wear. Further objects and advantages will become apparent upon
consideration of the following detailed description and
drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a view of one embodiment of the invention showing
flexible planetary gears driven about the inside of a
circumferential combination gear and housing by a sun gear.
FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 show various types of construction that may be
employed to produce the flexible planetary gears.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line 5--5 in FIG. 1.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a variation of the pump of
FIG. 1 wherein the outer circumferential housing or ring gear may
comprise a circular member.
FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of my invention wherein the
planetary gears are comparatively rigid and the ring gear has
flexible portions therein.
FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken on line 8--8 in FIG. 7.
FIG. 9 shows a modification that may be made to the flexible
portion of FIG. 7 to provide improved flexibility.
FIG. 10 shows another embodiment of the present invention combining
both flexible planetary gears and flexible ring gear portions.
FIG. 11 is a sectional view taken along line 11--11 in FIG. 10.
FIG. 12 is a view of the opposite side of the pump of FIG. 10
showing in particular the porting arrangement thereof.
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing how the pump of FIG. 1 may
be formed as a dual or balanced pump.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring simultaneously to FIG. 1 and FIG. 5 one embodiment of the
present invention is shown. A housing 10 is shown which has a pair
of mounting feet 11 and 12 formed thereon and an inside
circumferential surface 13. Surface 13 is provided about its entire
circumference with a series of teeth 32. Flexible planetary gears
26 are provided with a series of gear teeth 28 which engage teeth
32 to permit rotation about the inner surface 13 of housing 10. The
flexible gears 26 are driven by a central driving member or sun
gear 18 which is rotated by a shaft 20 about an axis which is
displaced with respect to the nominal axis of housing 10. In the
simplest configuration of my invention both the sun gear 18 and the
housing 10 may be made circular as shown in FIG. 6. In FIG. 6 the
surface 45 is a cylinder whose axis is displaced slightly to the
right of the axis of sun gear 18. This embodiment is relatively
inexpensive to produce since circular members are generally easy to
machine. However, the embodiment of FIG. 1 is designed to be
somewhat more sophisticated than that of FIG. 6.
In FIG. 1 the pumping chamber is designated by the numeral 15.
Pumping chamber 15 has a cross sectional area dependent upon the
radius of sun gear 18 and the radius of surface 13 in housing 10.
These two radii are kept constant over the arc defined as arc
R.sub.1 in FIG. 1. Consequently, the size of chamber 15 throughout
arc R.sub.1 is constant in cross section. On the opposite side of
the pump the chamber is also constant in cross section through the
arc R.sub.2 but the cross section is much smaller due to the fact
that a lesser radius is used for surface 13. The two different
radii surfaces 13 are smoothly connected together by ramp surfaces
designated 17 and 19 which extend between the ends of arcs R.sub.1
and R.sub.2.
My invention will pump fluids if rotated in either direction. The
prior art pumps, of course, can only operate in one direction due
to the slant of the vanes or paddles. For the purposes of
explanation the operation of my pump is explained with respect to
clockwise rotation of sun gear 18. This clockwise rotation is
transferred through gear teeth 30 and gear teeth 28 to a plurality
of flexible planetary gears 26 which are thereby caused to roll
along surface 13 in a clockwise direction. The gears 26 themselves
rotate in a counter clockwise fashion. With this direction of
rotation a port 37 at the top of FIG. 1 operates as an intake port
drawing fluid from a threaded intake opening 16 formed in housing
10. As each planetary gear 26 passes port 37 it is allowed to
expand out due to the increasing cross sectional area of chamber 15
caused by ramp 19. Thus, the space inside the planetary gear 26 and
between the various planetary gears 26 increases in volume allowing
fluid to enter from intake port 37. This fluid is carried around
the pump through the constant cross sectional area of chamber 15
defined by arc R.sub.1 to outlet port 38 which is connected to
outlet opening 14. As the planetary gears leave arc R.sub.1 they
encounter ramp 17 and are squeezed down to the dimensions prevalent
through arc R.sub.2. The squeezing action forces fluid from within
flexible planetary gears 26 into exit port 38. The space between
the planetary gears is also decreased and fluid is forced from
these spaces into exit port 38. Ports 37 and 38 are generally
designed to be long enough so as to be in communication with all of
the spaces which are being squeezed in the ramp areas between arc
R.sub.1 and arc R.sub.2. The ends of the ports designated by
numbers 25 and 27 are positioned so that they are slightly farther
apart than the length of a squeezed down planetary gear 26. This is
to insure that the inlet and exit ports cannot be in communication
with either the space inside the planetary gear 26 or the space
between two planetary gears 26 at the same instant of time. Such a
situation would provide a by pass wherein fluid would be able to
flow from the outlet port back to the inlet port.
In FIG. 5 it may be seen that shaft 20 is carried in a housing
extension 22. Sun gear 18 is shown press fitted on the shaft 20
although key ways or any other type of mounting may be used. In the
preferred embodiment it is contemplated that sun gear 18 would
comprise a hard rubber material although metal and plastic would be
equally suitable. The hard rubber sun gear 18 is molded with a
small seal of softer material 23 which generally protrudes slightly
from the rest of gear 18. When gear 18 is closed into housing 10
and sealed by means of a cover 34 the protruding sealing ring 23 is
bent into a space 24 as shown in FIG. 5 so as to provide a good
fluid seal. Other types of seals could be used as well. Cover 34 is
anchored to housing by means of a series of screws 35. Cover 34 may
be made from plastic or metal or any suitable material. In the
preferred embodiment cover 34 is chosen to be of such a thickness
as to have a slight flexibility. This flexibility operates as a
safety valve. If the pressure becomes too great inside pumping
chamber 15, cover 34 deflects slightly outward allowing the fluid
to pass by the ends of the planetary gears 26 and return to the
inlet ports. Consequently, no external or additional mechanism is
required in the instant invention to provide an over pressure
safety release. Many types of materials and forms of construction
may be used for forming the flexible planetary gears 26. Two of
these variations are shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4.
In FIG. 2 one embodiment of a flexible planetary gear 26 is shown
in section. The gear teeth are shown as gear teeth 40 and they are
formed by laminating layers of metal 41, 42 and 43 together which
metal comprises any highly flexible metal such as spring steel. The
teeth 40 are then supported underneath by additional layers of
spring steel 44 and 45 which may comprise cylindrical members or
portions of flat helical springs. Additional layers of springs or
laminated material may be added to provide a more rigid and more
springy planetary gear 26 so that higher pressures may be
accommodated in the pumping chamber 15.
FIGS. 3 and 4 show another possible form of construction for
flexible planetary gears 26. The teeth 50 and the main body of the
gear 49 may be molded from a flexible hard rubber or plastic
material. During the molding process several layers of reinforcing
cords 51, 52 and 53 are molded therein. These cords may comprise
plastic fibers such as nylon, glass or rayon. For stiffer springs
they may comprise metal wires. In yet another arrangement
reinforcing wires 51, 52 and 53 could comprise concentric coil
springs alternately wound in opposite directions which coil springs
could be manufactured from spring steel for example. A cross
sectional view of this arrangement is shown in FIG. 4 wherein the
successive layers of coil springs are more visible. The embodiments
of FIGS. 2 and 3 are not the only ways the flexible planetary gears
could be made. For low pressure pumps solid rubber could be molded
into the shapes shown. Other embodiments could use flexible gears
which have no open space in the center at all but, on the contrary,
are formed from solid rubber all the way to the core. Many other
variations will occur to those skilled in the art and thus no
limitation is intended by the showings of FIGS. 2, 3 and 4,
In the embodiment of FIG. 1 there will be high pressure in the area
of exit port 38 on a rather continuous basis providing a one sided
load on the bearing 22 carrying shaft 20. To alleviate this
problem, which could become acute in higher pressure pumps, the
design of FIG. 13 is contemplated wherein a dual pump is provided
so that the high pressure loads are balanced thus providing little
or no sideways loading for the central shaft. FIG. 13 shows
schematically only the geometry used in providing the pumping
chamber designated by the numerals 60. In the embodiment of FIG.
13, pumping chamber 60 would be constant in cross section during
both of the arcs designated by R.sub.1. Chamber 60 would also be
constant in cross section but much smaller through the two arcs
designated as R.sub.2. Ramp surfaces 61, 62, 63 and 64 would be
used to connect these arcs and provide the gradual change in
chamber dimensions. If the pump were to be rotated in a clockwise
direction, as viewed in FIG. 13, intake ports 65 and 66 would be
positioned as shown and outlet ports 67 and 68 would also be
pictured as shown on opposite sides of the rotational axis 69 of
the sun gear. Since the high pressure areas are on opposite sides
of axis 69 no unbalanced load is produced. All of the embodiments
shown and discussed so far have employed flexible planetary gears.
Another embodiment of the invention however uses generally rigid
planetary gears and incorporates flexible segments into the ring
gear. Such an embodiment is disclosed in FIG. 7.
FIG. 7 shows schematically another embodiment of the invention with
a layout similar to that of FIG. 1. As before, a shaft 70 rotates a
sun gear 71 inside a housing 72. Inlet and outlet ports 74 and 73
communicate with inlet and outlet openings 75 and 76. Positioned
within housing 72 is a ring gear comprising a generally rigid
portion 77 and a flexible portion 78. The planetary gears 79 may be
generally rigid in shape so as to compress into the soft portion 78
as shown on the left of FIG. 7. Since soft portion 78 squeezes
inward between planetary gears 79 on the left, the cross sectional
area of the pumping chamber 80 varies. Flexible portion 78 is
thickest at point 81 and becomes progressively narrower in both
directions until it abuts rigid portion 77 where the thickness is
equal to the thickness of portion 77. It is contemplated that
portion 78 will be molded orginally so that the internal surface 82
would have the same radius as the internal surface 83 of rigid
portion 77. However, the outside surface of soft portion 78
designated by the number 84 would extend outward to provide a
thicker portion opposite point 81. As flexible portion 78 is
inserted into housing 72 it would be squeezed into the shape shown
in FIG. 7. This form of construction is used so that as planetary
gears 79 rotate across the molded gear teeth on surface 82 surface
82 will more closely approximate the shape at which they were
molded since surface 82 will be pushed to a radius generally
corresponding to its original position when molded. In this way it
is assured that the teeth on planetary gears 79 will fit snugly
with the teeth on the inside of both ring gear portions 78 and
77.
FIGS. 8 and 9 show more sophisticated versions of the pump of FIG.
7 wherein the soft portion 78 is provided with a series of holes 85
which extend through soft portion 78 so as to provide a multitude
of voids or chambers therein. An arc shaped recess 87 is formed
into the surface of soft portion 78 so as to connect together all
of the holes 85 proximate to exit port 73. A second arc shaped
recess 88 is similarly formed in the top half of soft portion 78 so
as to connect together all of the holes 85 proximate the inlet port
74. These recesses 87 and 88 are then connected to their respective
ports by means of a pair of passageways 89 and 90. These
passageways 89 and 90 permit fluids to pass in and out of the
chambers formed by recesses 87 and 88 and the top cover 91 as shown
in FIG. 8. Fluid can thus travel from the recesses 87 and 88 into
all of the holes 85. The fluid pressure thus introduced into the
internal structure of soft portion 78 counter balances the fluid
pressure in the pumping chamber 80. This permits the soft portion
of the ring gear 78 to be constructed from a material of less
rigidity than would be the case if solid flexible material were
used such as shown in FIG. 7. In the embodiment of FIG. 9 the
planetary gears and the central sun gear have been eliminated so as
to better show the position of the inlet and exit ports and the
recesses 87 and 88. However, upon assembly the geometry would be
the same as that of FIG. 7 and it can be seen that as the generally
rigid planetary gears 79 pass across flexible portion 78 they will
squeeze down on the recesses 87 and 88 and on the voids or chambers
85 squeezing fluid out through ports 89 and 90. However, the
continuous pressure of fluid inside soft portion 78 will quickly
return it to its expanded position wherever possible as, for
example, between the planetary gears. It should be noted that the
soft portion of the ring gear in both the embodiments of FIG. 7 and
FIG. 9 would probably be anchored to the outside casing by a
suitable adhesive at the surface 84 (as shown in FIG. 7) and at the
surface 93 (as shown in FIG. 8). Adhesive would not be applied
along the surface contiguous to cover 91 or the surface on the side
opposite the cover since this would hinder the in and out radial
flexing of the soft portion.
FIGS. 10, 11 and 12 show another embodiment of the present
invention using a different type of porting arrangement and
employing a combination of many of the principles discussed
hereinabove. A housing 100 contains a ring gear comprising two
relatively rigid constant dimension portions 107 and 108 and two
flexible portions 105 and 106 which could incorporate any of the
design features already discussed such as fluid filled voids. Not
only are portions of the ring gear flexible but also the planetary
gears 104 are allowed to flex so that a double flexing action as
indicated in FIG. 10. In this embodiment the side loads on the
drive shaft 101 are reduced by making a dual or balanced pump
arrangement. In addition maximum pumping is achieved by having both
flexible planetary gears and flexible segments in the ring gear.
For clockwise rotation of sun gear 102 the inlet ports would
comprise ports 117 and 114 whereas the outlet ports would comprise
ports 115 and 116. As is evident in FIG. 12 housing 100 is molded
or cast to have two curved inlet and outlet tubes numbered 109 and
110 respectively. Tube 109 would be in direct communication with
inlet port 117 and swing across around shaft support 111 to be in
communication with inlet port 114. By a similar design outlet port
116 would communicate with outlet tube 110 which swings around
shaft support 111 and underneath inlet tube 109 so as to
communicate with outlet port 115. It is clear that many other
modifications may be made to the invention as disclosed without
departing from its spirit and scope of the novel features. Thus,
the following claims are presented to cover only these novel
features.
* * * * *