U.S. patent number 3,868,946 [Application Number 05/379,056] was granted by the patent office on 1975-03-04 for medical electrode.
Invention is credited to James S. Hurley.
United States Patent |
3,868,946 |
Hurley |
March 4, 1975 |
MEDICAL ELECTRODE
Abstract
A medical electrode adapted to be placed on the skin of a
patient and being disposable. The electrode is formed of a soft
sheet of closed cellular material adapted to be shaped to the
contour of the skin and has included therein a well having its
mouth portion facing the skin with a male snap fastener element
connected at the base of the well having the snap fastener
projecting therefrom and the flange portion secured in the bottom
of the well. The flange portion contacts a compressed sponge member
saturated with a liquid electrolyte so as to carry current from the
snap fastener to the skin of the patient. When stored, the sponge
is compressed and the well forms a barrier to prevent leakage of
the electrolyte, and a release paper is removed from the back of
the sheet material allowing it to be adhesively secured to the
skin.
Inventors: |
Hurley; James S. (Fairfield,
CT) |
Family
ID: |
23495637 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/379,056 |
Filed: |
July 13, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
600/392; 600/394;
600/397 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B
5/25 (20210101); A61B 2562/0217 (20170801) |
Current International
Class: |
A61B
5/0408 (20060101); A61b 005/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/2.1E,2.6E,DIG.4,416-418,404-405,410,411,172.1 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gaudet; Richard A.
Assistant Examiner: Cohen; Lee S.
Claims
I claim:
1. A medical electrode comprising a non-porous soft sheet of
material having top and bottom surfaces and being adapted to be
placed on the skin, an electrical conductor member embedded with
said sheet of material and having a flange portion forming the
bottom of a well, a recess formed between said bottom surface of
said sheet of material and said flange forming a portion of the
walls of said well and a non-porous wall member attached to and
depending from said bottom surface, said wall member encircling
said recess to form a barrier and form the remainder of the wall
portion of said well, said electrical conductor member having a
male electrical connector member projecting outwardly from the top
surface of said sheet, a compressible sponge member saturated with
an electrically conductive liquid located within said well and
having a thickness greater than the depth of said well, said sponge
member being in contact with said flange, said sheet of material
having a self-stick adhesive on said bottom surface, and release
paper means covering said bottom surface and compressing said
sponge member totally in said well when said electrode is being
stored prior to utilization, said well serving to form a barrier
and contain said liquid to prevent said liquid from leaking when
said electrode is stored.
2. A medical electrode as set forth in claim 1, wherein said wall
member comprises an annular ring secured to said bottom surface and
being concentric with said flange portion.
3. A medical electrode as set forth in claim 2, wherein said
annular ring comprises a resilient plastic material.
4. A medical electrode as set forth in claim 2, wherein said
annular ring comprises a closed cell foam material, said ring
having a height of approximately half the thickness of said
sheet.
5. A medical electrode as set forth in claim 4, wherein said sponge
member has a thickness approximately twice that of the height of
said annular ring.
6. A medical electrode as set forth in claim 1, wherein said wall
member comprises a second sheet of non-porous material having an
aperture cut therein, said sheets of non-porous material being
secured together in a facing relationship, said well being formed
by the recess formed at the apertures when said sheets are secured
together.
7. A medical electrode as set forth in claim 6, wherein said facing
sheets are approximately of equal thickness.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a medical electrode, and more
particularly, to a medical electrode which is disposable and has
advantageous features.
Conventional medical electrodes as generally utilized are
increasingly being manufactured as disposable items for sanitary
purposes. Additionally, such disposable items eliminate expensive
and difficult labor time and are finding increasing popularity.
Prior art electrodes of the disposable type generally include a
snap fastener element which carries an electrical signal to the
skin of the patient by means of a liquid electrolyte located
between the snap fastener and the skin. There are existing
disposable medical electrodes in which special cup members are
provided to store a compressible sponge member in a non-compressed
fashion prior to its utilization after which, the sponge member
containing the liquid electrolyte is compressed to bear against the
skin and the flange portion of the snap fastener.
These prior art electrodes have significant disadvantages. For one,
they are fabricated of a number of different elements thus
requiring expensive and complex machinery to assemble the same.
Additionally, the cup type element is often of a rigid material and
can be uncomfortable when utilized. Further, use of such a physical
cup results in an unnecessarily expensive electrode thus detracting
from their general utilization. Further, there can be poor
conformance to patient skin surface, such as with bony prominences
or infant bodies.
Other prior electrodes have been formed where the electrolyte is
inserted in a cavity between the skin and snap fastener at the time
of utilization. These types often are cumbersome, bulky and are
difficult to activate. Further, there have been provided medical
electrodes in which the storage of the liquid electrolyte is
difficult often resulting in unexpected and inadvertent leaks.
These leaks can be catastrophic when in hospital use since the
electrolyte completing the electrical path between the patient and
the monitoring apparatus or other suitable electrical apparatus is
absent. Thus, in these situations, there appears to be an open
circuit thus eliminating the effectiveness of the medical
electrode.
Some electrodes are provided on the market with an insufficient
amount of stored electrolyte. This can lead to premature drying and
the absence of electrolyte conduction when the electrode is put
into service.
An object of this invention is to provide an improved medical
electrode.
Another object of this invention is to provide such an electrode
which is inexpensive, easy to manufacture, and will enjoy a wide
utilization.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide such a medical
electrode which ensures that the liquid electrolyte does not leak
from the electrode prior to use.
Another object of this invention is to provide such a medical
electrode which is easily contoured to the shape of the patient's
body without being uncomfortable.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide such an
electrode with increased storage capacity for liquid
electrolyte.
Other objects, advantages and features of this invention shall
become more apparent hereinafter.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the principles of the invention, the above
objects are accomplished by providing a medical electrode which is
formed of a non-porous sheet of material adapted to conform to the
skin of a patient and having formed thereon a well in which there
is placed at the bottom thereof an electrical conductor formed of a
male snap fastener with the projecting portion projecting from the
top surface of the sheet of material with the flange portion of the
snap fastener being fixedly secured at the bottom of the well. The
well is provided with walls forming a barrier and being impervious
to liquid flow and when the well is filled with a saturated
compressed sponge-like material, the liquid electrolyte contained
therein normally cannot leak therefrom. The rear surface of the
soft sheet of material is provided with adhesive, and a release
sheet is removed therefrom to allow the sponge to expand and then
again be compressed when the electrode is placed on the skin of a
patient, the liquid electrolyte completing the electrical path from
the male snap fastener to the skin of the patient being prevented
from leaking while the electrode is being stored and prior to its
time of utilization.
As a feature of this invention, the well may be formed of a plastic
ring attached to the back surface of the sheet of material to form
the barrier preventing leakage of the liquid electrolyte when the
electrode is being stored. As an alternative embodiment, the well
may be formed from facing sheets of material in which an aperture
is cut through one, the aperture forming the walls of the well when
the two sheets are laminated together.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a plan view of the disposable electrode showing the top
surface thereof;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the lines 2--2 of FIG.
1;
FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 with the backing or release
sheet removed therefrom showing the sponge like member in a
non-compressed form;
FIG. 4 is a top view of another embodiment of this invention;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line 5--5 of FIG. 4
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring to FIGS. 1 through 3, there is shown the disposable
electrode 10 comprising a sheet of soft non-porous material 12
having a certain thickness, the sheet of material being provided
with a top surface 14 and a bottom surface 16. The resilient
material 12 is flexible causing it to easily conform to curved and
uneven skin areas of the patient. The bottom surface 16 is provided
with a pressure sensitive adhesive upon which is placed a
protective paper or release sheet 18, which when removed from
bottom surface 16 exposes the adhesive to allow the electrode to be
attached to the skin of the patient.
As a feature of this invention, there is provided a well 20 formed
by a wall member 22, the wall member being an annular ring formed
of a plastic material. An electrical conductor member,
conventionally a male snap fastener 24 is provided with a flange
portion 26 at the bottom of the well with a projecting conductor
member 28 projecting from the top surface of the electrode. Within
the well there is placed a compressible sponge member 30 being
saturated with a conducting electrolyte so as to provide a complete
electrical path from the skin of the patient to the electrical
conductor 24. As shown in FIG. 2, the sponge member 30 when stored
prior to its utilization, is stored in a compressed fashion and the
annular ring 22 serves as a barrier around the compressed sponge to
prevent leakage of the liquid electrolyte. When the disposable
electrode is to beused, the release paper 18 is removed from the
bottom surface 16 and the sponge 30 expands as illustrated in FIG.
3, and when the adhesive bottom surface 16 is attached to the skin
of the patient, the sponge 30 again compresses, thereby forming a
complete electrical path from the skin of the patient to the
electrical conductor 24.
As can be appreciated from the above, the disposable electrode,
according to this invention, will enable the liquid electrolyte to
remain within the well 20, the well being formed by the annular
ring 22, the flange portion 26, and the backing or release paper
18. Elimination of the prior leakage problem is achieved with this
simple, yet effective, construction. As can further be seen, the
electrode of this invention is relatively easily to manufacture,
inexpensive yet extremely effective in achieving its desired
function. Use of the conventional male snap fastener 24 enables the
present invention to be utilized with conventional electrical and
electronic apparatus uutilized in hospitals and doctors' offices,
although the present invention is not limited to only a male type
snap fastener. Other electrical conductors carrying current from
such an electrical apparatus through the saturated sponge 30 to the
skin of the patient may be effectively utilized, as
appropriate.
Referring now to FIG. 4, there is shown an alternate form of this
invention in which the well is formed of a pair of similar
non-porous sheets of material designated 40 and 42, with sheet 42
being similar to sheet 12 in the above embodiment. An aperture 44
is formed in sheet 40, and when the sheets are placed in a
laminated or facing relationship, a well or recess is formed behind
the flange portion 26'. The well thus formed comprises the wall
formed by the aperture area 44 as well as the flange portion 26',
and during storage, when the release sheet 18 is applied to the
bottom surface 46 of the second sheet of material 40, the sponge
30' is stored in its compressed fashion. When the release paper 18
is removed from the rear surface 46 of sheet 40, the sponge 30'
expands and thereafter is compressed upon the skin of the subject
patient.
Preferably, the thickness of sheets 40 and 42 is approximately
equal, while the sponge member 30' is slightly thicker than sheet
40, in its non-compressed state. With regard to FIGS. 1-3, the
annular ring may be of a resilient plastic material and has a
height of approximately half the thickness of sheet 12. The ring
can comprise a closed cell foam material. The sponge member 30 in
its non-compressed state has a thickness greater than and
approximately twice that of the annular ring 22.
It may be seen that the disposable electrode of the present
invention achieves the above enumerated objects, and while
preferred embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed
above, it will be understood that the invention is not limited
thereto but may be otherwise embodied within the scope of
protection sought.
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