U.S. patent number 3,862,381 [Application Number 05/410,327] was granted by the patent office on 1975-01-21 for keyboard switch assembly with multilayer, coextensive contactor means.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Chomerics, Inc.. Invention is credited to Frank Joseph Glaister, William J. Lynn, Vincent Squitieri.
United States Patent |
3,862,381 |
Glaister , et al. |
January 21, 1975 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
KEYBOARD SWITCH ASSEMBLY WITH MULTILAYER, COEXTENSIVE CONTACTOR
MEANS
Abstract
A keyboard structure which includes a circuit board or the like
having a plurality of contacts, an insulator layer having a
plurality of holes therethrough, said holes positioned above said
board to expose said contacts, composite means comprising an
electrically non-conductive elastomeric layer having adhered
thereto and covering a major portion of one side thereof, a thin
flexible electrically conductive non-selfsupporting and
non-elastomeric plastic layer having electrically conductive
particles dispersed therethrough, and means for pushing the
non-conductive layer and the conductive layer through said holes to
make electrical contact with contacts.
Inventors: |
Glaister; Frank Joseph
(Salisbury, MA), Squitieri; Vincent (Billerica, MA),
Lynn; William J. (Groveland, MA) |
Assignee: |
Chomerics, Inc. (Woburn,
MA)
|
Family
ID: |
23624244 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/410,327 |
Filed: |
October 29, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
200/5A; 200/265;
200/5R; 200/262; 200/512 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01H
13/785 (20130101); H01H 13/702 (20130101); H01H
2209/002 (20130101); H01H 2227/012 (20130101); H01H
2227/004 (20130101); H01H 2201/032 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01H
13/70 (20060101); H01H 13/702 (20060101); H01h
013/70 (); H01h 001/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;200/1R,5R,5A,159R,159B,166C,262,264,265,267,275 ;333/98 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Kuntzleman, "Keyboard
Transducer," Vol. 7, No. 12, page 1170, May 1965. .
IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Sedaris et al., "Elastic
Diaphragm Switch", Vol. 14, No. 3, page 767, August 1971..
|
Primary Examiner: Scott; James R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Dike, Bronstein, Roberts, Cushman
& Pfund
Claims
We claim:
1. A keyboard assembly including in combination an electrical
circuit board having contact elements, a separator insulator layer
positioned over said circuit board, said separator insulator layer
having openings registerable with portions of said contact
elements, the improvement being a composite contactor positioned
over said separator layer for movement through each of said
openings to contact said contact elements said contactor comprising
a nonconductive resilient, flexible, elastomeric layer supporting
an electrically conductive non-elastomeric and non-selfsupporting
flexible plastic layer adhered thereto and coextensive therewith
for movement therewith, said non-conductive layer being
greater in thickness than said conductive layer and said conductive
layer having a volume resistivity of about or less than 10 ohm
centimeters, and said conductive layer being positioned directly
over said openings.
2. A keyboard assembly according to claim 1 in which the conductive
layer is less than 1.969 mil in thickness and in which the
elastomeric layer is between 5 to 200 mils in thickness.
3. A keyboard assembly according to claim 2 in which the conductive
layer has silver particles dispersed therethrough.
4. In a keyboard according to claim 1 in which the conductive layer
is 0.197 mil to 1.0 mils in thickness.
5. In a keyboard according to claim 4 in which the elastomeric
layer is 5 to 200 mils in thickness.
6. In a keyboard according to claim 1 in which the conductive layer
is of a lesser thickness than the non-conductive elastomeric layer
with the elastomeric layer being of a thickness sufficient and at
least about 5 times that of the conductive layer to provide the
elasticity to pull the conductive layer back with it after being
depressed and the conductive layer being thick enough to provide
electrical conductivity.
7. In a keyboard according to claim 6 in which the volume
resistivity is less than 10 ohm cm.
8. In a keyboard according to claim 7 in which the volume
resistivity is less than 1 ohm cm.
9. In a keyboard according to claim 8 in which the volume
resistivity is less than 0.5 ohm cm.
10. In a keyboard according to claim 1 said conductive plastic
layer comprises a plastic binder and electrically conductive
particles dispersed therethrough.
11. In a keyboard which includes an insulator board having circuit
pathways thereon, insulator means having a plurality of windows
therethrough in alignment with selected portions of the pathways,
composite contactor means positioned on the insulator layer and
covering said windows of said insulator layer, said contactor means
comprising an elastomeric layer having a thinner, flexible
non-elastomeric electrically conductive plastic layer physically
adhered thereto and coextensive therewith, said conductive layer
positioned over at least one of said windows, and pressure
application means for forcing said composite contactor through said
windows to cause said conductive layer to electrically contact
portions of said pathways, said elastomeric layer being thick
enough to keep said conductive layer away from said pathway
portions in the absence of pressure applied to pressure application
means and for pulling said conductive layer away with it from said
pathways after application of pressure to said pressure application
means, and said conductive layer being thick enough to provide
electrical conductivity while not being so inflexible to separate
from the elastomer upon being flexed in continuous use.
12. In a keyboard according to claim 11 in which the conductive
layer is 5 to 100 microns in thickness.
13. In a keyboard according to claim 12 in which the elastomeric
layer is 10 to 100 mils in thickness.
14. In a keyboard according to claim 11 in which the conductive
layer is of a thickness less than 1 mil.
15. In a keyboard according to claim 14 in which the conductive
layer is of a thickness less than 0.788 mil.
16. In a keyboard according to claim 4 in which the conductive
layer comprises polyamide adhesive resin having silver particles
dispersed therein.
17. In a keyboard according to claim 4 in which said conductive
plastic layer comprises a plastic binder and electrically
conductive particles dispersed therethrough.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE
This invention is directed to a new and improved keyboard structure
for converting key depression to a coded electrical output and is
more particularly directed to a new and improved composite
electrical contactor means.
The present invention differs from the keyboard structures of the
prior art such as shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,705,276, and 3,699,294
which discloses a single relatively thick layer contactor of
elastomeric material filled with electrically conductive particles,
e.g., carbon, silver, etc., by providing a composite contactor of a
thicker layer elastomeric, i.e., unfilled and non-electrically
conductive, supporting a much thinner layer or coating of an
electrically conductive flexible non-elastomeric conductive
plastic.
The present invention provides substantial cost savings in
comparison with the aforementioned prior art keyboard contactors
with cost savings running 50 percent and more, while at the same
time providing a very useful contactor for a keyboard.
The present invention also differs from other prior art keyboards
which uses a non-conductive layer of plastic or elastomer plated
with a layer of metal. Again the present invention provides
substantial cost savings over this prior art with material cost
savings again estimated to run 50 percent and more.
While these cost savings may not seem impressive in themselves,
when one considers of the entire keyboard, it must be remembered
that the keyboards of this invention find substantial utility in
the consumer calculator market in which prices at this time are
dropping rapidly.
Accordingly, when calculator manufacturers are looking for cost
reductions, a keyboard manufacturer to remain competitive must also
constantly pursue developments which can keep it competitive.
This invention provides one such cost saving development and
permits a keyboard manufacturer to remain competitive in a market
in which end product retail prices are decreasing rapidly.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a top view of a keyboard according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line 2--2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line 3--3 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the composite member;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged side view of the composite member; and
FIG. 6 illustrates in cross-section a button shown as a key.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Reference should now be had to FIGS. 1-5 for a description of the
preferred embodiment of the disclosure. The keyboard comprises a
frame 10 preferably of insulator material, more preferably of a
plastic, e.g., A.B.S. (a high impact polystyrene) or polyethylene.
The frame 10 is provided with a plurality of divider members 11
which form the walls of windows 12 extending through the frame
10.
The underside of the frame includes a plurality of rods 13
(preferably formed at the same time as the frame, i.e., by molding
(see FIG. 2) which extend downwardly as shown in FIG. 3. Reference
may also be hade to U.S. Pat. No. 3,721,778 for a further
description of the frame, rods, the construction of a keyboard.
The rods 13 may be softened by heat to form heads 13a to hold the
keyboard assembly together as shown in FIG. 3. Alternatively, the
rods may be threaded and nuts may be used to hold the keyboard
assembly together.
Positioned directly below the frame member 11 is a thin plastic
insulator layer 14, e.g., of Mylar which has indicia applied
thereto. Instead of the layer 14 with indicia which functions as
keys of the keyboard, buttons having indicia thereon may also be
used as keys such as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,721,778 or U.S. Pat.
application Ser. No. 297,721 filed Oct. 16, 1972 now U.S. Pat. No.
3,780,237 and Ser. No. 297,636 filed Oct. 16, 1972 now U.S. Pat.
No. 3,773,998 or as shown in FIG. 6.
Positioned below the layer 14 is a composite electrical contactor
15 which comprises a non-electrically conductive elastomeric layer
15a supporting and having coupled or adhered (by adhesion e.g., an
adhesive) thereto a thin non-selfsupporting and non-elastomeric
flexible electrically conductive plastic layer 15b.
The elastomeric layer 15a may comprise any of the well known
elastomeric, resilient materials such as silicone rubber or fluoro
silicone rubber, nitrile rubber, natural rubber etc.
The flexible non-elastomeric electrically conductive plastic layer
15b comprises non-elastomeric plastics such as polyamides (e.g.,
Versalon 1140, polyamide adhesion resin by General Mills),
polycarbonates (e.g., Lexan by General Electric) polyester (e.g.,
Mylar), epoxy (CORVEL by Polymer Corp.), polyacetate, polysterene
etc., unmodified or modified if needed by a plastisizer to obtain
the desired flexibility to permit the layer 15 to flex with the
layer 15a and not separate or break away therefrom after continuous
prolonged use.
The layer 15b also contains electrically conductive particles
dispersed therethrough such as silver particles, carbon particles
or other well known conductive particles such as shown in U.S. Pat.
No. 3,140,342 and No. 3,576,387.
The amount of electrical particles may vary with particles in the
amount of 20 to 40 percent volume being preferred, although in this
application the amount may vary over a wide range, e.g., 10 to 80
percent volume percent.
In the preferred embodiment the layer 15a is preferably of a
thickness t.sub.a of between 5 to 200 mils with 5 to 100 mils being
more preferred and 20 to 50 mils being most preferred. The layer
15b is preferably of thickness t.sub.b of between 5 microns (0.197
mil) to 2.0 mils with a thickness of 10 microns (0.394 mil) to 25
microns (0.984 mil) being more preferred and a thickness of 10
microns (0.394 mil) to 20 microns (0.788 mil) being most preferred
(about 25.4 microns = 1 mil).
In the preferred embodiment the composite contactor is constructed
using a nitrile rubber layer 15a made by combining Hycar 1042 (NBR)
(B. F. Goodrich), 100 parts by weight with zinc oxide 1 part by
weight, hydrated silica (HI-SIL215), 40 parts by weight, dicumyl
peroxide 5 parts by weight and then curing.
The layer 15b was made by mixing about 63 percent by volume of
Versalon 1140 with 37 percent by volume of silflake 135, and then
coating it on the layer 15a after it is formed e.g., by using an
artists air brush. Solvents such as toluene and 1-propanol as in
Example 7 may be added to the Versalon 1140 and Silflake 135 such
as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,576,387 may be added to permit easy
spraying or coating e.g., by a knife. The solvents are then
permitted to evaporate in air.
The composite contactor 15 is positioned over an insulator or
separator plastic layer 16 e.g., of Mylar having a plurality of
windows 16a extending therethrough in alignment with windows 12.
with the layer 15b directly over the windows 16a. See U.S. Pat.
Nos. 3,699,294 and 3,705,276 for a further description of the
separator layer.
The rods 13a also extend through holes 16b in layer 16 to locate
the layer 16 within the frame 10. Below the layer 16 is a typical
circuit board 16 e.g., of Bakelite having a plurality of
electrically conductive contacts, contact elements or pathways
formed thereon. See U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,705,276 and No. 3,721,778 for
an illustration of various possible pathways.
The circuit pattern may be formed conventionally from copper which
is etched or by the spraying of conductive paint.
The electrical pathways are at least in part aligned with the
windows 16a so that the application of pressure by a finger to the
key or force applying layer 14 can push portions of the composite
layer 15 through the windows 16a and particular layer 15b against
the pathways. In this manner electrical contact is made between the
layer 15b and the pathways 18.
Where the force is withdrawn, the resiliency of the elastomeric
layer 15a causes it to withdraw pulling the flexible
non-elastomeric layer 15b back with it and breaking electrical
contact between layer 15b and the pathways. Most preferably the
thickness of layer 15a is at least 5 times that of layer 15b.
In order to make electrical contact with the electrically
conductive layer 15b as well as the pathways 18, there are provided
pins 20a and 20b retained with connector supports 19a and 19b
respectively with pin 20a in contact with layer 15b and pin 20b in
contact with pathway 18.
It should be understood that while preferred dimensions are given
for the layers 15a and 15b, functionally the thickness of the layer
15a should be sufficient to provide the elasticity to pull the
layer 15b back with after being depressed while the layer 15b
should be as thin as physically possible to save as much money as
possible so long as it provides good electrical conductivity for
use as a contactor.
The volume resistivity of the conductive layer is preferably less
than 10 ohm cm., more preferably less than 1 ohm cm., and most
preferably less than 0.5 ohm cm. As used herein the term
non-selfsupporting means that the layer unless backed as shown
would curl up and not be useful for its intended purpose i.e., as a
keyboard contactor layer for covering a plurality of openings in
the insulator therebelow.
In FIG. 6 there is shown a button 30 preferably of non-conductive
plastic supported in a redesigned frame 31 and held in its
undepressed condition by a spring 32. The remainder of the keyboard
members are identical with that of FIGS. 1-5 and are so numbered.
Upon depression of the key 30 by a finger, the conductive layer 15b
is brought into contact with the pathway 18.
* * * * *