U.S. patent number 3,705,276 [Application Number 05/145,212] was granted by the patent office on 1972-12-05 for keyboard switch assembly with conductive plastic contactor and actuator spring sleeve biasing means.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Chomerics, Inc.. Invention is credited to George T. Hodgson, Jr., Richard E. Seeger, Jr..
United States Patent |
3,705,276 |
Seeger, Jr. , et
al. |
December 5, 1972 |
KEYBOARD SWITCH ASSEMBLY WITH CONDUCTIVE PLASTIC CONTACTOR AND
ACTUATOR SPRING SLEEVE BIASING MEANS
Abstract
An encoded switch array having a keyboard comprising a plurality
of buttons, each button when depressed adapted to force a
conductive contactor against a conductive wiring pattern supported
on a board or the like, the contactor preferably being of a
conductive plastic normally held away from the wiring pattern by
resilent biasing means.
Inventors: |
Seeger, Jr.; Richard E.
(Marblehead, MA), Hodgson, Jr.; George T. (Melrose, MA) |
Assignee: |
Chomerics, Inc. (Woburn,
MA)
|
Family
ID: |
22512082 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/145,212 |
Filed: |
May 20, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
200/5A; 200/16A;
200/292; 200/265 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01H
1/029 (20130101); H01H 13/702 (20130101); H01H
13/785 (20130101); H01H 2215/006 (20130101); H01H
2201/032 (20130101); H01H 2223/002 (20130101); H01H
2223/034 (20130101); H01H 2239/026 (20130101); H01H
2221/026 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01H
13/70 (20060101); H01H 1/029 (20060101); H01H
13/702 (20060101); H01H 1/02 (20060101); H01h
013/60 (); H01h 001/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;200/5R,5A,159B,166C,166PC,16A |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Scott; J. R.
Claims
We claim:
1. A switch comprising a key, a key stem extending therefrom, a
first spring positioned below said key and about said stem, a
contactor positioned and movable about said stem, a member having a
hole therethrough for the passage of the stem, said member
positioned below said contactor and said member having at least two
electrical contacts about said hole, support means positioned below
said member for slidably supporting the stem therein, and a second
spring positioned on the support means and having a portion
extending through said hole to maintain said contactor above said
contacts.
2. A switch according to claim 1 in which he contactor is a
conductive plastic.
3. An array according to claim 2 in which the conductive plastic is
filled with carbon black.
4. A switch according to claim 2 in which he conductive plastic
comprises a conformable plastic loaded with metal particles.
5. An array according to claim 4 in which the conductive plastic is
filled with carbon black.
6. A switch according to claim 4 in which the metal comprises 10 to
80 volume percent of the conductive plastic.
7. A switch according to claim 6 in which the conductive plastic
has a volume resistivity less than 0.01 ohm centimeters.
8. A switch according to claim 7 in which the conductive plastic
exhibits less than a 1 ohm per cm.sup.3 change in resistance with
pressure applied thereto by key depression.
9. An encoded switch array comprising a circuit board having a
plurality of holes formed therethrough, electrical contacts
supported by and positioned about at least some of said holes of
said circuit board, a base plate having a plurality of bores in
alignment with the plurality of holes having the electrical
contacts positioned about them, a plurality of keys, key stems
attached to said keys and extending through said holes having
contacts positioned about them, a contactor positioned about each
of the stems and adapted to move about said stems, first means for
holding each of said contactors above said contacts, second means
for pressing each of said contactors against said contacts upon the
depression of said keys, said circuit board having a wiring pattern
thereon coupled to said electrical contacts, and each stem adapted
to slidably move within a different one of said bores, and wherein
said first means comprises a plurality of springs which are
positioned on said base plate and which have a portion which
extends through said holes in said board to hold said contactors
above said electrical contacts.
10. An array according to claim 9 in which said second means
comprising a plurality of springs each having a portion positioned
to press said contactor against said contacts and wherein the
springs of each plurality of springs are constructed to force the
keys back to their original position after they are released
following depression.
11. A switch comprising a circuit board having at least one
electrically conductive contact provided on one surface thereof, a
conductive plastic contactor for electrically engaging said
contact, first plastic insulator means extending between the
contact and the conductive plastic contactor for positioning the
conductive plastic contactor out of engagement with said contact,
depressible key means supported by the board for forcing said
contactor to engage said contact, insulator cover means positioned
in physical contact with said contactor and spring means positioned
in physical contact with said cover means and said key means to
provide resistance to key means depression.
12. A switch according to claim 11 in which the conductive plastic
contactor is filled with carbon black.
13. A switch according to claim 11 in which the cover is a plastic
film.
14. A switch according to claim 11 in which the conductive plastic
contactor has a resistivity less than 0.1 ohm centimeters.
15. A switch according to claim 14 in which the conductive plastic
exhibits less than a 0.1 ohm per cm.sup.3 change in resistance with
pressure applied thereto by key depression.
16. A switch comprising a key, a key stem extending therefrom, a
first spring positioned below said key and about said stem, a
member having a hole therethrough for the passage of the stem, said
member positioned below said contactor and said member having
electrical contact means about said hole, support means positioned
below said member for slidably supporting the stem therein, and a
second spring positioned on the support means and having a portion
extending through said hole to maintain said contactor above said
contact means.
Description
This invention is directed to a new and improved encoded switch
array or keyboard structure for converting key or button
depressions to a coded electrical output. More particularly this
invention is directed to a new and improved encoder switch array in
which conductive contactors are used to engage electrical contacts
in order to generate a coded electrical output.
In the past most keyboard type encoders have comprised a plurality
of keys which when depressed close one or more electrical
connectors to generate electrical signals. Various types of
mechanical switches have been used for this purpose, most of which
have relied upon metal to metal contact for completing the
electrical circuits. The generated electrical signals are then
usually converted using some type of external logic, (e.g. diode
logic) to generate a code representative of the key which was
depressed.
Such encoders of the prior art have generally been quite costly to
construct and accordingly any equipment using prior art encoders
has been quite costly.
There has thus developed a need for less costly encoded switch
array which could be constructed on a volume basis at substantially
less cost per key. An important feature of the new keyboard for the
array is a new and improved switch which incorporates a highly
conductive contactor.
The switch of this invention is preferably of the pushbutton type
which preferably incorporates a conductive contactor having a hole
therethrough in which there is positioned a first resilient biasing
means to hold it above electrical contacts positioned on a board
and a second resilient biasing adapted to engage the contactor
above the first resilient biasing adapted means to cause said
contactor to be forced against the contacts.
In its most preferred form the new and improved switch uses a
conductive elastomer as the contactor, said conductive elastomer
exhibiting less than a 1 ohm per cubic centimeter change in
resistance in 10 milliseconds with applied pressure used to press
it against electrical contacts on which it closes to complete a
circuit. In addition, the conductive elastomer used preferably has
a resistivity less than 0.01 ohm centimeters.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a top view partially broken away showing the encoded
switch array according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line 2--2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a circuit board suitable for use in the
invention;
FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the encoded switch array with parts
broken away to show the bottom of the circuit board shown in FIG.
3;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line 5--5 of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing one key and the parts
cooperating with it as incorporated in the encoded switch array of
the invention;
FIG. 7 is a view of the preferred form of the contactor of this
invention in engagement with the wiring pattern of the circuit
board shown in FIG. 3; and
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the rise or response time of a contactor
comprising a conductive plastic incorporating metal particles as
the conductive material versus a contactor comprising a conductive
plastic incorporating carbon black as the conductive material.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Reference should now be had to FIGS. 1-6 which shows the preferred
construction of the coded switch array of this invention. In FIG.
1, the encoded switch array is shown generally at 10 and includes
an outer frame 11 as for example, of plastic. In the confines of
the frame there is provided a plurality of keys 12 forming a
keyboard. The keys may have numbers, letters or other indicia
thereon as per conventional keyboards. Each of the keys 12 of this
invention are provided with a key stem 13 and a guide pin 14. The
keys 12 may be constructed of plastic, (e.g. nylon, polypropylene),
or metal.
At 15 there is shown a circuit board used in the encoder of this
invention. The circuit board (e.g. of plastic, e.g. Formica,
Bakelite) is provided with an electrical circuit pattern 16, (e.g.
of copper plate thereon conventional in the art) for developing
encoded output signals indicative of the depression of a particular
key.
The circuit pattern shown is adapted to provide output signals from
twelve connector pins coupled thereto as shown at 17, each pin
providing an indication of the depression of one or more keys. The
odd or thirthteenth pin shown at 18 is used as a common to which
power may be applied or which may be grounded to complete a
circuit. The circuit pattern associated with each key comprises a
plurality of spokes 19 on either side of holes 20 through which the
stems of the key extend. In addition, holes 21 are provided for the
passage of the key guide pins 14. The circuit board additionally is
provided with holes 22 to permit pins 23 of the frame 11 to extend
therethrough (see FIG. 5).
At 25 in FIGS. 2,4,5 and 6 there is shown a back plate (e.g. of
plastic) for holding the board 15 and the other parts of the switch
not yet described together. The back plate is provided bores 26
into which pins 14 are adapted to extend. In addition, plate 25
includes bores 27 in which the stems 13 are adapted to slide up and
down upon depression and then release of the keys 12. To retain the
stems 13 within the bores 27, the stems are provided with heads 13a
as shown in FIG. 2.
Further, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 6 the plate 25 is provided with
additional bores 29 for holding therein resilent biasing means or
springs 30. Each spring 30 is constructed such that the lower
portion 30a thereof rests against the side walls of the bore and
the top portion 30b thereof extends above the bores 29 through the
holes 19 of the board 15.
The spring 30 is most preferably of the Belleville type (in the
nature of a drain plunger) to impart the sensation that the key has
been fully depressed. With this type of spring upon depression of a
key a snap action or toggle is felt by the finger as spring portion
30a tends to try to invert about spring portion 30b.
The spring 30 is preferably made of plastic material such as
polyethylene, polypropylene or silicone rubber. It should be
understood that other types of springs although less preferable may
be used to perform the function of spring 30 as for example, metal
coil springs and the like whether or not they provide the preferred
snap action.
Positioned on top of each of the spring portion 30b there is
provided a contactor 35. In the most preferred form the contactors
are in the shape of a cylinder having a central bore 36 through
which the stem 13 is adapted to move through as a key 12 is
depressed. The contactor 35 is preferably comprised of a plastic
material and most preferably a conformable and resilent plastic
material which is adapted to conform to the shape of the surface of
the wiring pattern contacts on the circuit board 15 to insure good
contact. The plastic material is most preferably filled with metal
particles such as silver, copper, gold, etc., or any combination
thereof which exhibit good conductive properties.
In some applications, the conductive particles may be carbon black,
although the use of carbon black particles in switch applicators is
much less desirable because of the substantial change in the
resistance of such particles upon application of pressure to the
particles (e.g. upon depression of the key 12). In addition, in
certain cases the contactor may be constructed of solid metal as
for example, silver, copper, tin foil, although the use of solid
metal contactors in lieu of a resilent and comformable plastic is
significantly less desirable because of bounce problems which ensue
as well as the lack of consistently good contact.
In its most preferred form the contactor is constructed of plastic
materials containing 10 to 80 volume percent of metal particles
(e.g. silicone rubber filled with silver flake). Examples of other
conductive plastics suitable for use in this invention are further
disclosed in U.S. Pats. No. 3,140,342 and No. 3,576,387.
Most preferably the preferred contactor 35 of this invention is a
conductive plastic which has a volume resistivity less than 0.01
ohm centimeters so that is is of low resistance. In addition, most
preferably, the conductive plastic exhibits less than a 1 ohm per
cm.sup.3 change in resistance in 10 microseconds when under
pressure applied by key depression. This has been accomplished in
this invention by using as heretofore mentioned the preferred
conductive plastic comprising a conformable plastic material (e.g.
silicone rubber or the like) filled with metal particles, (e.g.
silver) in the amount of 10 to 80 volume percent.
It should be understood that in addition to the metal particles
used to fill the conductive plastic, inert or nonconductive fillers
such as silica, talc, etc. may also be incorporated therein as long
as the mechanical and electrical properties of the contactor is not
negatively effected in a substantial manner.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 6 the array also includes a dust cover 39
such as of paper, polyethylene film or the like. The dust cover 39
is provided with holes therein at 39a and 39b for permitting the
movement of the stem 13 and the pin 14 therethrough.
Above the dust cover and about each key stem 13, but below the key
surface there is provided another resilent biasing means or spring
41. This spring is shaped so that a portion 41a is adapted to
engage the cover about contactor 35. Upon depression of a key, the
spring 41 is moved downwardly and forces the contactor 35 against
the board contact spokes 20. As the key continues downwardly, the
spring portion 41b is compressed downwardly. When the key is
released, spring portion 41b then returns to its original
configuration and urges the key upwardly. The spring 41 is
preferably constructed of the same material as the spring 30.
In operation, one or more keys 12 of the array are depressed. The
depression of a key causes the pin 14 and stem 13 to move
downwardly. As the key moves downwardly, the stem shoulder 13a
(FIG. 2) engages the spring portion 30b while at the same time
moving spring 41 downwardly. As the contactor 35 continues to move
downwardly, and engages the circuit board and its contact as shown
in FIG. 7 to make electrical contact, springs 30 and 41 are
depressed. Further depression produces a toggle or snap action
touch in the finger of the individual depressing the key as the
spring 41 trys to invert upon itself. At this point the individual
using the device knows that the key may be released because contact
has been made.
In FIG. 8, there is shown a graph comparing the response produced
by the preferred conductive plastic contactor of this invention,
that is one filled with highly conductive metal particles versus a
usable conductive plastic contactor containing carbon black
particles as the conductive material therein when both are used in
series with a source voltage and a resistance in series with the
source and the switch.
With the preferred contactor composition of this invention
(conductive plastic which is metal filled), it has been found that
it is possible to achieve response times for the switch such that
upon closure of the switch, substantially full source voltage will
appear across the resistance in less than 10 microseconds. It has
been found that the fast response time is most preferred to meet
the rise time requirements of solid state devices presently used in
most applications.
With slower response time switches it has been found that noise or
false signals may appear at the input of the semiconductor device
(this causes it to turn on or off erroneously) during the extended
time of full switch closure. This is particularly true of a switch
using carbon black as the conductive material as shown in FIG.
8.
With a conductive plastic containing carbon black, a considerable
amount of time elapses between initial depression of the key until
full contact closure is made. This is due to the properties of
carbon black and the change resulting from the application of
pressure thereto. With a conductive carbon black the resistance is
initially high and then changes slowly becoming lower as more
pressure is applied. Because of this property, contactors using
conductive plastic having carbon black particles are much less
desirable in high speed switching application. Accordingly, to
avoid the disadvantages of conductive plastics filled with carbon
black it has been discovered that the preferred contactors of this
invention should exhibit less than a 1 ohm Per cm.sup.3 absolute
change in resistance with pressure to meet the rise time
requirements of presently used circuits. When contactors are made
with this property, it has been found that the properties of the
switch are such that they are compatible for use with fast rise
time semiconductor devices. The preferred contactors may also be of
the materials disclosed and described in U.S. Pat. application
filed Apr. 7, 1971 in the names of George T. Hodgson,Jr., Vincent
Squitieri and William J. Lynn entitled Interconnector for
Integrated Circuits and the Like, assigned to the same assignee of
this application, this application being incorporated herein by
reference hereto.
* * * * *