U.S. patent number 3,856,270 [Application Number 05/404,276] was granted by the patent office on 1974-12-24 for static fluid mixing apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to FMC Corporation. Invention is credited to Herman W. Hemker.
United States Patent |
3,856,270 |
Hemker |
December 24, 1974 |
STATIC FLUID MIXING APPARATUS
Abstract
Fluid mixing apparatus which includes a series of perforated
plates retained in face-to-face contacting, fluid-tight
relationship, with opposite faces of each of such plates having
channels which cooperate with each other and the plate perforations
to repeatedly divide and sub-divide a stream of fluid and then
recombine the same during its passage relative to such plates.
Inventors: |
Hemker; Herman W. (West
Chester, PA) |
Assignee: |
FMC Corporation (Philadelphia,
PA)
|
Family
ID: |
23598939 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/404,276 |
Filed: |
October 9, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
366/340 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B01J
19/0093 (20130101); B01F 5/0604 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B01J
19/00 (20060101); B01F 5/06 (20060101); B01f
015/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;259/4,18,36,60,180,150
;138/38 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Jenkins; Robert W.
Claims
I claim:
1. Apparatus for mixing fluids including a series of plates
retained in snug face-to-face contacting, fluid-tight relationship
each of the alternate plates of such series of plates having a pair
of spaced channels in each of the opposite faces thereof and
openings extending therethrough connecting the channels in one of
said faces with the channels in the other of said faces, the
channels in said one face of the respective alternate plates each
serving to divide individual streams of fluid into a plurality of
separate fluid flows, each of the channels in said other face of
the respective alternate plates arranged to receive through
openings in such plate a separate fluid flow from each of the
channels in said one face and combine the same into an individual
stream of fluid, and each of the plates intermediate said alternate
plates having a channel in each of the opposite faces thereof and
an opening extending therethrough and connecting the channel in one
of said faces with the channel in the other of said faces, the
channel in said one face of the respective intermediate plates
arranged to receive individual streams of fluid from a pair of
channels in an adjacent of said alternate plates and direct the
same to the opening in such intermediate plate where they are
combined into a single stream of fluid, the channel in said other
face of the respective intermediate plates serving to divide a
single stream of fluid into individual streams and arranged to
direct such individual streams to respective channels of a pair of
channels in an adjacent of said alternate plates.
2. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the openings in each of
said alternate plates connect the channels in the opposite faces
thereof at their ends.
3. Apparatus as defined in claim 2 wherein the channels in said
intermediate plates are each arranged with their ends aligned with
a pair of channels in an adjacent of said alternate plates.
4. Apparatus as defined in claim 3 wherein the channels of each
pair of channels in said alternate plates are substantially
straight and parallel to each other.
5. Apparatus as defined in claim 4 wherein the pairs of channels in
the opposite faces of said alternate plates extend at substantially
right angles to each other.
6. Apparatus as defined in claim 5 wherein the channels in the
opposite faces of said intermediate plates extend at substantially
right angles to each other.
7. Apparatus as defined in claim 6 wherein the openings in said
alternate and intermediate plates are substantially parallel to
each other.
8. Apparatus as defined in claim 7 wherein corresponding faces of
said respective alternate and intermediate plates are of
substantially like configuration.
9. Apparatus as defined in claim 8 wherein the opening in each of
said intermediate plates is located substantially centrally of the
channels therein.
10. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein outermost of said
series of plates are alternate plates, and further including end
plates mounted in face-to-face contacting, fluid-tight relationship
with said outermost plates, each of said end plates having an
opening extending therethrough and a channel in one face thereof
containing said opening and arranged to communicate with the pair
of channels in an adjacent alternate plate.
Description
The present invention is directed to an improved static fluid
mixing apparatus in which a stream of fluid is repeatedly divided
and sub-divided and then recombined during its passage
therethrough.
Typical of a large number of prior disclosures directed to static
fluid mixing devices are U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,051,452; 3,206,170;
3,286,992; and 3,328,003. Some of these known mixing devices are
inefficient, some are complicated in structure, others require
elements of intricate design, still others are impossible or
difficult to clean and/or disassemble and, generally, most are much
too bulky and necessitate extensive changes in equipment with which
such devices are to be employed. Accordingly, a primary object of
this invention is to provide a generally new or improved and more
satisfactory static fluid mixing apparatus.
Another object is the provision of an apparatus for mixing fluids
which is simple and compact in construction.
Still another object is a fluid mixing apparatus formed of a series
of individual but cooperating units which can be easily assembled
and disassembled for cleaning and/or repair and/or to vary the
mixing characteristics of such apparatus.
A further object is the provision of a fluid mixing apparatus which
is essentially free of areas at which fluid may remain stagnant and
which provides for rapid and thorough blending of all portions of a
fluid stream during its passage therethrough.
These and other objects are accomplished in accordance with the
present invention by an apparatus which includes a series of
perforated plates retained in face-to-face contacting, fluid-tight
relationship, with opposite faces of each of such plates having
channels which cooperate with each other and the plate perforations
or openings to repeatedly divide and sub-divide a stream and then
recombine the same during its passage relative to such plates.
More particularly, each of the alternate plates of such series of
plates are formed with a pair of spaced channels in each of the
opposite faces thereof, and openings which extend therethrough and
connect the channels in one of such faces with the channels in the
other of such faces. The channels in the one face of the respective
alternate plates each serve to divide individual streams of fluid
into a plurality of separate fluid flows, while the channels in the
opposite face of each of such plates are each arranged to receive,
through plate openings, a separate fluid flow from each of the
channels in the one face and combine the same into an individual
stream of fluid.
The plates intermediate of the alternate plates are each formed
with a channel in each of the opposite faces thereof and an opening
extending therethrough and connecting the channel in one face
thereof with the channel in the other of such faces. The channel in
the one face of the respective intermediate plates is arranged to
receive individual streams of fluid from a pair of channels in an
adjacent alternate plate and direct the same to the opening in such
intermediate plate where they are combined into a single stream of
fluid. Upon passage through such opening and into the channel in
the other face of the respective intermediate plates, this single
stream of fluid is divided into individual streams which are
directed by such channel to respective channels of a pair of
channels in an adjacent of such alternate plates.
To avoid areas of stagnant flow, the openings in each of the
alternate plates connect the channels in the opposite faces thereof
at their ends, and the channels in the intermediate plates are each
arranged with their ends aligned with a pair of channels in an
adjacent of such alternate plates.
In the preferred construction, the corresponding faces of the
respective alternate and intermediate plates are of substantially
like configuration, with all of the channels being substantially
straight and with the channel or channels in one face of the
respective plates extending at substantially right angles to the
channels in the opposite face thereof. Further, in such preferred
construction, all of the plate openings are substantially parallel
to each other and, while the opening in the respective intermediate
plates may be at any location along the length of the channels
therein, for most uniform fluid blending it is located
substantially centrally of such channels.
Any suitable means may be used for delivering fluid to and away
from the above described series of cooperating plates. However, in
the preferred construction, outermost of the alternate plates are
engaged in face-to-face contacting, fluid-tight relationship by
similar end plates, each having an opening extending therethrough
and a channel in one face thereof which contains such opening and
is arranged to communicate with the pair of channels in an adjacent
of such alternate plates.
The plates of the mixer of the present invention are retained in
snug face-to-face contacting relationship by any suitable means,
with the respective plates being maintained in a desired
orientation as by pins or interlocking grooves and detents on
adjacent plate faces.
A variety of materials may be employed in the fabrication of the
mixing apparatus of the present invention, as for example, metals
or plastics, depending upon such factors as the temperature
conditions which such apparatus may encounter and the character of
the fluid or fluids to be mixed. The materials used must neither
react with the fluid being mixed nor encourage reactions between
mixtures of fluids. The plates employed need be only of such
thickness as to permit the necessary channels to be formed therein
yet insure that the channels in the opposite faces of the
respective plates are separated by a wall of sufficient thickness
as to resist the pressure exerted by the fluid undergoing mixing.
Opposite faces of the respective plates are suitably finished or
polished to provide for a fluid-tight joint between the faces of
adjacent of such plates when they are placed in snug face-to-face
contact with each other.
The apparatus of the present invention may be used as a heat
exchanger employing a heat transfer medium comprised of one or more
liquids or gases. The mixing of such heat exchange medium during
its flow through the apparatus provides for a more uniform
temperature along the outer surface of such apparatus and thus
provides for efficient heat transfer. Such apparatus may be used to
provide an intimate blending of all portions of a single fluid, or
to mix a plurality of fluids, in liquid or gaseous form. Fine
particulate matter, such as pigments or short fibers, may be
carried by the fluid or fluids being mixed without materially
affecting the efficiency of the mixing apparatus of this
invention.
For a greater understanding of the present invention, reference is
made to the following detailed description and drawing in which
FIG. 1 is a vertical section taken longitudinally of the mixing
apparatus of the present invention; and
FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 are side views of different plates employed in the
apparatus shown in FIG. 1.
As shown in FIG. 1, the mixing apparatus of the present invention
includes a plurality of specially fabricated plates which are
retained in snug face-to-face contacting, fluid-tight relationship,
as by means of a sleeve 11 and clamping collars 13. Using, for
example a spanner wrench, the collars 13 are simply threaded into
the opposite ends of the sleeve 11 and snugly against the
respective plate adjacent thereto and, if necessary, gaskets may be
placed between the collars and such respective plates to minimize
fluid leakage at these areas.
The alternate plates 15 of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 are of
like construction and, as illustrated in FIG. 2, each is formed
with channels 17 and 19 in one face 21 and channels 23 and 25 in
its opposite face 27. Except for the orientation of the channels 17
and 19 at substantially right angles to the channels 23 and 25, all
of such channels are of like configuration. Openings 29, 31, 33 and
35 extend through the plate 15 and connect the respective ends of
the channels 17 and 19 with the adjacent ends of the channels 23
and 25.
Plates 37, located intermediate the plates 15, are also of like
construction and, as illustrated in FIG. 3, each is formed with a
channel 39 and 41 in its respective faces 43 and 45. The channels
39 and 41 are of like configuration but are disposed in
intersecting, right angle relationship and are connected
substantially centrally thereof by an opening 47 which extends
through such plate.
The remaining plates 49 of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 serve as
end plates and are of like construction, each having a recessed
face 51, a central opening 53 extending therethrough, and a channel
55 in its opposite face 57.
In the above-described apparatus, all of the plate channels 17, 19,
23, 25, 39, 41 and 55 are all of like dimensions to avoid the
presence of pressure differentials within the apparatus. Further,
the plate openings 29, 31, 33, 35, 47 and 53 are generally equal to
the radius of the arcuate ends of the respective channels; that is,
equal to one half of the width of such channels, so as to minimize
areas at which the fluid which is being mixed may remain
stagnant.
Assembly of above-described plates simply involves the alignment of
portions of the channels 17, 19, 23 and 25 in the alternate plates
15 with portions of the channels 39 and 41 in the intermediate
plates 37 and the channels 55 in end plates 49. More particularly,
and as shown in FIG. 1, the alternate plates 15 are each oriented
with the pair of channels 17 and 19 in its face 21 and the pair of
channels 23 and 25 in its opposite face 27 being disposed at
substantially right angles to the channels 41 and 39, respectively,
in the contacting intermediate plates 37, or at substantially right
angles to the channels 55 in the end plates 49.
The entry of fluid which is to be mixed may be made at either end
of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 with like results being obtained.
For example, upon delivery into the right end of such apparatus, a
single stream of fluid passing through the end plate opening 53 is
divided into two separate streams within the end plate channel 55.
Such streams travel along the end plate channel 55 and are received
centrally of the respective channels 17 and 19 in the first of the
alternate plates 15. The stream entering the channel 17 is further
divided into two separate flows which move in opposite direction,
toward and through the openings 29 and 31, and then passing into
the ends of the channels 23 and 25 of such alternate plate 15.
Similarly, the stream entering the channel 19 is also divided into
two separate flows which move in opposite directions, toward and
through the openings 33 and 35, and then passing into the ends of
the channels 23 and 25.
Within the respective plate channels 23 and 25, the separate fluid
flows entering at opposite ends thereof are combined into a single
stream, with the two streams thus provided being delivered to the
opposite ends of the channel 39 of the contacting intermediate
plate 37. These separate streams are then combined into a single
stream as they pass through the opening 47 in this plate 37 and,
upon entering the channel 41 in such plate 37, this single stream
is divided into two separate streams. Such streams are directed to
the center of the respective channels 17 and 19 of the second of
the alternate plates 15 where they undergo further separation as
heretofore described.
The above action of dividing and subdividing of the fluid stream,
alternating with the recombining of the separate flows which
result, is continued until the separate streams in the channels 23
and 25 of the last of the alternate plates 15 is received within
the channel 55 of the leftmost end plate 49. From this channel 55 a
single and well blended fluid stream is discharged into and through
the end plate opening 53.
It is to be understood that changes and variations may be made
without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as
defined in the appended claims.
* * * * *