U.S. patent number 3,623,704 [Application Number 05/060,465] was granted by the patent office on 1971-11-30 for static mixing device.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Dow Corning Corporation. Invention is credited to Max Skobel.
United States Patent |
3,623,704 |
Skobel |
November 30, 1971 |
STATIC MIXING DEVICE
Abstract
A static mixing device for mixing two liquid components by
sequentially combining, dividing and recombining streams including
a sequential series of sets of parallel dividing and recombining
elements, each element having a single point of entry or exit at
one end and multiple points of exit or entry on its opposite end,
all liquid paths through each element having substantially equal
mean lengths. The device may be made extremely small and is adapted
for hand-held operation.
Inventors: |
Skobel; Max (Edison, NJ) |
Assignee: |
Dow Corning Corporation
(Midland, MI)
|
Family
ID: |
22029651 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/060,465 |
Filed: |
August 3, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
366/160.1;
366/337 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B01F
5/0604 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B01F
5/06 (20060101); B01f 015/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;259/4,18,36,60
;222/137 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Jenkins; Robert W.
Claims
That which is claimed is:
1. In a static mixing device for mixing liquids by combining,
dividing and recombining streams along a tortuous path, the
improvement which comprises:
a sequential series of sets of parallel pluralities of stream
dividing and recombining elements, each element consisting of a
single point of entry or exit at one end thereof and multiple
points of exit or entry at the opposite end thereof, the mean
length of flow path between said single point and each of said
multiple points being of substantially equal length and the
cross-sectional area of all said multiple points being
substantially equal, whereby the amount of liquids flowing between
each of the various points of entry and exit is maintained
substantially equal.
2. The improvement defined in claim 1, wherein:
each set of parallel elements is positioned at right angles to all
sets of parallel elements positioned immediately serially adjacent
thereto.
3. The improvement defined in claim 2, wherein feeding means are
provided in the liquid inlet to said sequential series for feeding
said points of entry in the first of said sequential sets of stream
dividing and recombining elements with the liquids to be mixed.
4. The improvement as defined in claim 3, wherein said feeding
means comprises a prestage array of stream dividing elements
similar in configuration to said sets of parallel elements but
having exit points of smaller cross-sectional area than the inlet
points of said first of said sequential sets, whereby two elements
of the prestage array feed each inlet point of said first
sequential set, different liquid components being fed from each of
said two elements.
5. The improvement defined in claim 4, and further including a
distributor plate feeding said prestage array, said distributor
plate comprising an inlet port for each of said liquids and a
plurality of feeder paths extending from each said inlet port
points adjacent the inlet points of the elements of the prestage
array, all feeder paths extending from each of said ports being of
substantially equal mean length and of substantially equal
cross-sectional area.
6. The improvement defined in claim 5, and further including valve
means for controlling flow of liquid to said inlet ports.
7. The improvement defined in claim 6, and further including
trigger means mounted in a hand grip for operating said valve
means.
8. The improvement defined in claim 7, and further including
metering means supplying said valve means for maintaining equal
flow differentials between the two liquids supplied to the device.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to static mixing devices and more
particularly to improvements in mixing devices for combining a
plurality of fluid streams. Numerous types of static mixing devices
for mixing two or more liquid streams are known in the art. For
example, see U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,051,453, granted Aug. 28, 1962;
3,195,865 granted July 20, 1965 and 3,159,312 granted Dec. 1, 1964.
Numerous other such devices have also been patented.
A number of these devices are in use commercially, generally in
large volume industrial processes, such as polymer production for
filamentary materials, for example. It has been found, however,
that for very viscous materials at relatively low flow rates, these
devices known in the art are not completely satisfactory. This is
particularly true in applications where a catalyst composition is
added to a base polymer and at least one of the materials is
relatively viscous. The flow through the prior art devices is not
completely uniform and there are "dead spots" in the flow through
the device. In these areas the catalyst causes curing of the system
resulting in a partial block of flow which increases with time. The
resultant effect is an impedance of the volume of material flowing
through the device and often incomplete mixing as well.
There is also a definite need in the art for a device of this type
which can be made in extremely compact form for use, for example,
in a hand-held injection gun for providing a bead of sealant along
an open seam or the like. The shortening of the path length along
the prior art devices tends to aggravate the problem set forth in
the preceding paragraph. With many prior art designs it becomes
impossible to obtain complete mixing in a relatively short path
length. When mixing elements are placed in series, undesirable
pressure drops occur across the mixing unit.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a
static mixing device which eliminates the aforesaid problems
inherent in prior art devices of this type. A further object is the
provision of a static mixing device which is capable of being made
in extremely compact form.
In accordance with these and other objects, it has been found that
the problems inherent in prior art devices can be substantially
reduced or eliminated by providing equal path lengths through the
device and through each element of the device. The present
invention uses the principle shown in a number of prior art patents
of mixing two liquid components by sequentially combining, dividing
and recombining streams a number of times. The device comprises a
sequential series of sets of parallel pluralities of stream
dividing and recombining elements.
Each element consists of a single point of entry or exit depending
upon its position in the device and multiple points of exit or
entry at the opposite end of the element. These elements are placed
in parallel to form a set; the sets alternating in orientation at
right angles to one another along the sequential series.
In each case the mean lengths of the flow path between the single
point and the multiple points is of substantially equal length in
each element and the cross-sectional area of all the multiple
points are substantially equal. In this manner the amount of liquid
material flowing between each of the various points of entry and
exit is maintained substantially equal. In the instance where the
single point of each element is the point of entry, the material
flowing through the entry point is divided in the element into a
group of streams having equal cross sections and equal rate of
flow. Similarly, in the situation where the multiple points form
the points of entry of material into each element, each of the
entering streams is equal in cross section and rate of flow and the
streams are combined in the element and leave from the single point
of exit. The device must be connected to a metering system to
assure the proper relationship of flow between the components being
mixed. Valve means are provided for controlling flow into the
mixing device. In a preferred embodiment the device is provided
with a pistol grip and the valve means is actuated by a
trigger.
The device is simple to manufacture and is efficient in operation
when compared with prior art devices of this type. It may be
manufactured in extremely compact form and in such form desirably
may be made as a disposable unit, rather than a unit which must be
cleaned each time that the device is used. The amount of material
retained in the unit is extremely small; therefore, due to its
simplicity the disposable concept makes the device more economical
than attempting to clean similar devices. The pressure drop across
the mixer is minimized, resulting in more uniform flow through the
device, regardless of viscosity. In addition to being useful for
mixing sealants, the device has obvious application in producing
extrusions and in automatic molding operations.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Other objects and attendant advantages of the present invention
will become better understood by those skilled in the art by
referring to the following detailed description when read in
connection with the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a somewhat diagrammatic view of an embodiment of the
present invention.
FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the mixer gun shown in
FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is another cross-sectional view in greater detail of the
mixer head of the gun of FIG. 2, taken at right angles to the cross
section of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of one of the stream dividing or recombining
elements illustrating the principles thereof.
FIG. 5 is a plan view of the distributor plate shown in the cross
sections of FIGS. 2 and 3.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to the drawings wherein like reference characters
designate like or corresponding parts throughout the figures
thereof. There is shown in FIG. 1 a mixer gun 11 connected by a
pair of lines 12 and 13 to a metering system 14 which in turn is
supplied by a pair of material supplies 16 and 17. The materials in
the supplies 16 and 17 are metered to provide the desired relative
quantities by the metering system 14 and are supplied under
pressure to the gun 11.
Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, the gun 11 may be seen in greater
detail. The material supply lines 12 and 13 are connected to the
gun 11 by means such as threaded connections like that shown at 18
at the rear of the mixer. A trigger 19 biased by a spring 20 and
mounted in a pistol grip 21 actuates a pair of valves 22 (only one
of which is shown) which open and close the inlets from lines 12
and 13.
The mixing head proper is a hollow tubular member 23, preferably
generally rectangular in cross section, comprising a sequential
series of sets of parallel pluralities of stream dividing and
recombining elements 24. In the embodiment shown, four elements are
stacked in parallel in each set. This provides in effect four
parallel streams through each of the sets of stream dividing and
recombining elements. Since four streams are required, four
configurations of stream dividing elements 24 designated in FIG. 3
as 24a, b, c and d are provided. The four configurations are
required to provide four different positions of inlet for each set
of elements. The four basic configurations can be seen from FIG.
3.
Each of the elements 24a-d is so designed that the mean length of
path from the side with the single inlet or outlet designated in
FIG. 4 as point A to each point of outlet on the multiple outlet
side is identical and the mean length of path to the outlet,
assuming A is the inlet, from any point of division in the device
is also identical. Looking at FIG. 4, therefore, the distance from
point A to point B to point C, is equal to the distance from point
A through point B to point D. Similarly, the distance from point B
to point C is equal to the distance from point B through point E to
point F and the distance from point B through points E and G to
point H.
While it is desirable in some instances to have a third divider
strip 26 positioned midway between points H and D, it has been
found that the divider strip at this point is not a necessity. This
is particularly true since the next element serially in the mixing
device will automatically have a divider at that point because the
next set of elements is placed at right angles to the elements in
each preceding set, as may be seen more clearly from FIGS. 2 and 3.
Thus, the one large opening encompassing the points H and D, FIG. 4
should be considered in effect to be two openings of equal
cross-sectional area. Of course, in a larger device that the
miniaturized hand-held one shown in the embodiment of the drawings,
it will be realized that a divider fin 26 will be placed at that
point.
Material entering the mixer proper from the valve 22, enters
through a distributor plate 27, which can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3,
and more clearly seen from FIG. 5. In the four parallel stream
device shown, there need to be eight points of entry of material
into the mixing head proper from the distributor plate 27. Material
from each of the two streams enters the distributor plate 27
through an aperture 28a or 28band flows through one of four equal
length runners 29a-h associated with the apertures 28a or 28b. The
runners associated with the aperture 28a, i.e. runners 29a-d, are
all of equal length, and likewise the runners 29e-h associated with
the aperture 28b are also all of equal length. Similarly, the
cross-sectional areas of all of the runners associated with either
of the apertures are also of equal dimensions.
Altogether, there are eight runners, four for each component, in
the embodiment shown. The first set of parallel pluralities of
stream dividing and recombining elements, therefore, comprises
eight elements rather than four, each of the elements being of
diminished thickness so that a pair of adjacent elements in the set
is of substantially equal thickness to a single element in the next
set of parallel elements serially adjacent thereto. One of each of
the components being mixed is introduced from the runners 29a-h
into each pair of elements.
For example, as viewed in FIG. 2, the inlets of the top pair of
elements in the first set of parallel elements correspond in
location with the points 29e and 29a, and the inlets of the next
pair below the top correspond with the points 29f and 29b. The
material entering each pair of elements is divided into eight
streams by the pair: four streams of each component; and enters all
four of the next set of four elements of the next serial set of
elements along the flow path.
In the second set of elements, streams coming from all eight of the
elements of the first set are recombined in four streams leaving
the second parallel set of elements. The four streams leaving the
second parallel set are in turn each again divided into four
streams in the third set of elements and recombined in the fourth
set of elements, etc. By dividing and recombining the streams, even
assuming laminar flow, mixing occurs over a very short
distance.
The elements of the preferred embodiment of this invention may be
combined as shown for purposes of manufacture. That is, each
adjacent pair of elements in a set may be molded in a single
operation so that a single piece in effect forms two elements. A
solid divider spacer 33 is provided between adjacent pairs of
elements to divide the exit or entrance paths between such adjacent
elements in the set. Alternatively, of course, each element may be
molded as a single piece and the pieces simply stacked to form the
sets and placed in series to form the sequential series of sets.
The elements may be made of any suitable material. For example,
they may be from zinc die-cast or molded thermoplastic material or
the like. In use, the device may be used to inject sealant, for
example, into open seams and after use the unit may be simply
thrown away due to its small size and low cost. The device can also
be used for producing extruded shaped parts and for molded parts in
situations where two-component systems are needed. The device can
also be adapted to mix three or even more components. For greater
volume throughput, it is possible to place several mixing elements
in parallel if desired.
Obviously, many other modifications and variations of the present
invention will occur to those skilled in the art from a reading of
the foregoing. Therefore, it is to be understood that within the
scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced
otherwise than as specifically described.
* * * * *