U.S. patent number 3,848,132 [Application Number 05/316,812] was granted by the patent office on 1974-11-12 for patient rotator and method of conducting x-ray studies.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Picker Corporation. Invention is credited to Anthony J. Foderaro.
United States Patent |
3,848,132 |
Foderaro |
November 12, 1974 |
PATIENT ROTATOR AND METHOD OF CONDUCTING X-RAY STUDIES
Abstract
A patient rotator mounted on an X-ray table and adapted to
maintain a center of interest within the patient aligned with an
X-ray beam axis as the patient is rotated. The elevation of the
patient is automatically adjusted as a function of the angle of
rotation in order to provide a relatively constant minimal patient
to film distance.
Inventors: |
Foderaro; Anthony J. (Cuyahoga,
OH) |
Assignee: |
Picker Corporation (Cleveland,
OH)
|
Family
ID: |
23230794 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/316,812 |
Filed: |
December 20, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
378/209 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B
6/0428 (20130101); A61B 6/102 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61B
6/10 (20060101); A61B 6/04 (20060101); G03b
041/16 () |
Field of
Search: |
;250/440,442,446,449,439,456 ;269/322,323 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Borchelt; Archie R.
Assistant Examiner: Anderson; B. C.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Watts, Hoffmann, Fisher &
Heinke
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A patient rotator for rotating a patient while maintaining a
center of interest within the patient along an examination axis as
the patient is rotated, comprising:
a. a supporting structure;
b. a patient support adapted to receive and support a patient;
c. mounting means mounting said support on said tructure such that
said support is rotatable about a longitudinal axis of rotation
while said axis of rotation is shiftable laterally of the
examination axis; and
d. control means coupled to said mounting means for laterally
shifting said axis of rotation relative to said examination axis
during rotation of said support as is required to maintain a
preselected center of interest within the patient in alignment with
the examination axis.
2. The patient rotator of claim 1 wherein said control means is
adjustable such that a selected center of interest located anywhere
within the body of a patient positioned on said support can be
brought into alignment with the examination axis and maintained
along the examination axis during rotation of said support.
3. The patient rotator of claim 2 wherein:
a. said mounting means additionally serves to mount said support
for movement in directions parallel to the examination axis;
and,
b. said control means additionally serves to move said support in
directions parallel to the examination axis in response to rotation
of said support in order to maintain portions of the patient within
a preselected plane extending perpendicular to the examination
axis.
4. The patient rotator of claim 3 wherein the examination axis
extends generally vertically and said portions of said patient
comprise the lowermost portions of the patient which are maintained
in within a generally horizontal plane during rotation of said
support such that the patient is essentially supported at a
constant height.
5. The patient rotator of claim 1 wherein said control means
comprises guide means carried by said structure establishing a
guide path in a plane including the examination axis, and
positioning means carried by said support and cooperatively
engaging said guide means to effect lateral movement of said
support relative to the examination axis during rotation of said
support.
6. The patient rotator of claim 5 wherein said positioning means is
movably adjustable relative to said support whereby said
positioning means can be disposed along an axis parallel to said
axis of rotation and extending through a center of interest located
substantially anywhere within the body of a patient positioned on
said support in order to maintain said center of interest along the
examination axis during rotation of said support.
7. A patient rotator for use in conjunction with an X-ray table
having a body and an X-ray apparatus designed to emit a beam of
radiation along a beam axis, comprising:
a. a supporting structure adapted to be mounted on the table
body;
b. an elongated patient support adapted to receive and support a
patient during rotation about an axis disposed generally
longitudinally of said support and in a plane which is
substantially perpendicular to the beam axis;
c. mounting means mounting said support on said structure such that
said support is rotatable about said longitudinal axis while said
longitudinal axis is shiftable laterally of the beam axis within
said plane; and,
d. control means connected to said mounting means for moving said
support to selectively align a center of interest within a patient
positioned on said support with the beam axis, and for laterally
shifting said longitudinal axis during rotation of said support to
maintain said center of interest in alignment with the beam
axis.
8. The patient rotator of claim 7 wherein said control means
comprises:
a. guide means carried by said structure establishing a guide path
in a plane including the beam axis; and,
b. positioning means carried by said support and cooperatively
engaging said guide means to effect lateral movement of said
support relative to the beam axis during rotation of said
support;
c. whereby, when said guide means is disposed along an xis parallel
to said longitudinal axis and extending through said center of
interest, said support will be moved laterally of the beam axis
during rotation of said support as required to maintain said center
of interest in alignment with the beam axis.
9. The patient rotator of claim 7 wherein said mounting means
additionally serves to mount said support for movement in
directions parallel to the beam axis, and a drive means is provided
to move said support along the beam axis in accordance with the
angle of rotation of said support.
10. The patient rotator of claim 9 wherein said drive means is
operable to elevate said support as the patient is rotated onto
either of his sides, and is operable to lower said support as the
patient is rotated away from a side position.
11. An X-ray table comprising:
a. a pedestal;
b. a body movably supported on said pedestal;
c. a patient support adapted to receive and support a patient
during rotation about an axis disposed generally longitudinally of
said support;
d. mounting means rotatably and translatably mounting said support
on said body such that said support is rotatable about said
longitudinal axis while said longitudinal axis is translatable
laterally in directions generally perpendicular to a preselected
examination axis which extends through a preselected center of
interest within a patient positioned on said support; and,
e. control means connected to said mounting means to laterally
translate said longitudinal axis during rotation of said support to
maintain said preselected center of interest along said examination
axis;
f. whereby an X-ray beam can be directed along said examination
axis to view the center of interest during rotation of the patient
and center of interest will remain in the path of the beam during
the entire rotation.
12. The X-ray table of claim 11 wherein a safety means is provided
for terminating further rotation of the support upon sensing
engagement between top surface portions of said body and either
portions of the support or portions of a patient positioned on the
support.
13. The X-ray table of claim 11 wherein said control means is
adjustable selectively move said support such that a selected
center of interest substantially anywhere within the patient's body
can be brought into alignment with said examination axis and
maintained in alignment therewith during rotation.
14. The X-ray table of claim 13 wherein said control means
includes:
a. a guide track positioned within a plane including said
examination axis;
b. positioning means engaging said guide track and coupled to said
support for moving said support laterally to maintain said selected
center of interest aligned with said examination axis; and,
c. motor driven adjuster means for movably positioning said
positioning means relative to said support.
15. The X-ray table of claim 14 wherein said motor driven adjuster
means includes motor driven means for moving said positioning means
radially inwardly and outwardly of said longitudinal axis of
rotation.
16. The X-ray table of claim 15 additionally including power drive
means including a drive motor for rotating said support wherein
said drive motor is selectively coupled to said support through an
electromagnetic clutch which, when energized will cause said
support to rotate in response to rotation of said drive motor, but
when de-energized will cause rotation of said positioning means
relative to said support in response to rotation of said drive
motor.
17. The X-ray table of claim 11 additionally including:
a. first power drive means for rotating said support;
b. second power drive means for elevating and lowering said
support; and,
c. said control means additionally serves to effect operation of
said second power drive means to selectively elevate or lower said
support in response to actuation of said first power drive
means.
18. The X-ray table of claim 17 wherein said control means is
operable to maintain the patient at a relatively constant height
above the table body by elevating said support as the patient is
rotated toward a side position, and by lowering said support as the
patient is rotated away from a side position.
19. The X-ray table of claim 18 wherein a safety means is provided
for terminating further rotation of the support upon sensing
engagement between top surface portions of said body and either
portions of the support of portions of a patient positioned on the
support.
20. A method of conducting an X-ray examination of a patient
comprising the steps of:
a. positioning the patient on a support rotatable about a
longitudinal axis;
b. locating a center of interest within the patient which is to be
studied from a plurality of directions;
c. aligning the center of interest with the beam axis of an X-ray
apparatus; and,
d. moving said support to shift said longitudinal axis laterally
relative to the beam axis during rotation of the platform to
maintain the center of interest in alignment with the beam
axis.
21. The method of claim 20 additionally including the step of
moving said support to adjust the position of the patient along the
beam axis during rotation of the support to maintain selected
portions of the patient at a relatively constant distance from an
X-ray sensitive device.
22. The method of claim 21 wherein the position of the patient
along the beam axis is adjusted by elevating and lowering the
longitudinal axis of the support in accordance with the angle of
rotation of the patient such that the longitudinal axis is elevated
as the patient is rotated toward a side position, and is lowered as
the patient is rotated away from a side position.
23. In a patient rotator for rotating a patient during an
examination including a supporting structure; a patient support on
the structure adapted to receive and support a patient for rotation
about a longitudinal axis of rotation while an X-ray study of a
region of interest in the patient is conducted with an X-ray beam
emitted along an examination axis, the improvement characterized by
means for maintaining the region of interest along the examination
axis, the mechanism including mounting means mounting said support
on said structure for rotation about said axis of rotation while
said axis of rotation is shiftable laterally of the examination
axis; and control means coupled to said mount for laterally
shifting said axis of rotation during rotation of said support to
maintain a region of interest in alignment with the examination
axis.
24. The patient rotator of claim 23 wherein said control means is
adjustable to move said support such that a selected center of
interest located anywhere within the body of a patient positioned
on said support can be brought into alignment with the examination
axis and maintained along the examination axis during rotation of
said support.
25. The patient rotator of claim 23 wherein said mounting means
additionally serves to movably mount said support for movement in
directions parallel to said examination axis.
Description
CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED PATENT AND APPLICATION TILTABLE X-RAY
TABLE COMPRISING MEANS TO PRODUCE A VARIABLE SPEED TRANSLATIONAL
MOVEMENT, U.S. Pat. No. 3,131,301 issued Apr. 28, 1964 to D. M.
Barrett et al.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR IMMOBILIZING A PATIENT, Ser. No. 111,602
filed Feb. 1, 1971 by Waldo H. Kliever.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to an apparatus for
positioning a patient in a plurality of positions during
radiographic studies and the like. More particularly, the invention
relates to a patient rotator designed to maintain the center of
interest within the patient aligned with the X-ray beam axis during
rotation of the patient.
2. Prior Art
A variety of medical diagnostic and therapeutic procedures require
repeated repositioning of a patient. Where X-ray diagnostic studies
are being made, for instance, it is often desirable to view the
same center of interest within the patient from several different
angles. It is also often desirable to shift the patient's position
so that his organs will reposition relatively.
Patient supporting X-ray tables of a variety of configurations have
been proposed to facilitate movement of a patient. These
configurations include tables equipped with devices known as
patient rotators which rotate the patient about a fixed axis.
Several problems have arisen in conjunction with the operation of
most patient rotators due to the fixed nature of their axes of
rotation. For instance, where the center of interest to be studied
within the patient does not lie along the axis of rotation,
rotation of the patient will cause the center of interest to move
out of the diagnostic X-ray beam. Thus, before the study can
resume, the center of interest must be found and realigned with the
beam.
Another problem related to the fixed-axis nature of most patient
rotators is their failure to compensate for variations in the
patient-to-film distance. It is important to keep the patient in
close proximity to the film not only because shorter
patient-to-film distances tend to result in better quality
radiographs, but more importantly to minimize the patient's
radiation dosage. The farther the patient is from the film, the
closer he is to the radiation source and the higher his radiation
dosage.
Since most patients are thinner front-to-back than they are wide
side-to-side, the fixed axis rotator causes the patient to be
suspended at a greater height above the film when he is lying on
his back than when he is held on one side.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention overcomes the foregoing drawbacks of the
prior art and provides a novel and improved patient rotator, which
is selectively adjustable to maintain a center of interest within
the patient in alignment with the X-ray beam, during rotation while
automatically adjusting the height of the patient above the table
during rotation so as to maintain a minimum patient-to-film
distance.
A patient supporting platform is rotatably suspended between a pair
of end structures for rotation about a longitudinal axis. The end
structures house mechanisms for laterally moving the platform from
side to side and for elevating and lowering the platform during
rotation. A guide track is provided in the form of a slotted end
plate having a slot positioned in a plane including the X-ray beam
axis. A guide pin extends into the slot for translation
there-along. An adjustable positioning mechanism connects the guide
pin and the platform such that as the platform is rotated it is
caused to be moved laterally. By aligning the guide pin with the
center of interest to be studied, the movement of the center of
interest is confined to translation along the X-ray beam axis
during platform rotation.
An electro-mechanical control system is provided to automatically
selectively elevate and lower the platform during rotation. The
system includes an arrangement of manually operated and cam
operated switches which assure that as the patient is rotated
toward a side position the platform will be elevated, while as the
patient is rotated away from a side position the platform will be
lowered.
Several safety devices are also provided for terminating rotation
and lowering of the platform as well as other operational movements
of the rotator if continued movement would injure the patient or
damage the apparatus.
A method of conducting an X-ray examination of a patient is
provided wherein the patient is positioned on a platform rotatable
about a longitudinal axis. The center of interest to be studied is
located, and the platform is moved laterally to align the center of
interest with the X-ray beam axis. The platform is then rotated and
is simultaneously laterally adjusted to maintain the alignment of
the center of interest with the X-ray beam.
Accordingly, it is a general object of the present invention to
provide a novel and improved patient rotator apparatus and methods
of conducting X-ray studies.
Other objects and a fuller understanding of the invention may be
had by referring to the following description and claims taken in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an X-ray table including a patient
rotator constructed in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the patient rotator of FIG.
1;
FIG. 3 is a top plain view of the patient rotator;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of one end of the
patient rotator as seen from the plane indicated by the line 4--4
in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view as seen from the plane indicated
by the line 5--5 in FIG. 3 of the patient rotator end shown in FIG.
4, the view being at a reduced scale from that of FIG. 4;
FIGS. 6-9 are schematic views illustrating the procedure of
adjusting the rotator to maintain a center of interest within the
patient along the axis of an X-ray beam during rotation;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view on the same scale as FIG. 5 of a
portion of the patient rotator as seen from the plane indicated by
the line 10--10 in FIG. 3; and,
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the electro-mechanical control
system which automatically elevates and lowers the patient rotator
platform during rotation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
A tiltable X-ray table is shown generally at 10 in FIG. 1. The
table is provided with a patient rotator in accordance with the
present invention. The table 10 includes a stationary base or
pedestal 11 and a body 12 which is tiltable in the conventional
manner. The referenced patent discloses and claims such a table
having a tiltable body.
A ceiling mounted X-ray tube housing assembly 13 is disposed above
the table 10. An X-ray tube, not shown is carried within the
housing assembly 13 and arranged to emit a beam of X-radiation
along an axis 14. An X-ray responsive device, such as a film
carrying Bucky Tray 15, is carried by the table 10 and disposed to
intercept the X-ray beam.
A pair of supporting structures 20, 21 are secured to opposite ends
of the table body 12. A patient supporting cradle or platform 22 is
rotatably mounted by the end structures 20, 21 for rotation about a
longitudinal axis 23. As will be explained in greater detail, the
end structures 20, 21 house mechanisms which maintain a selected
center of interest in alignment with the X-ray beam axis 14 as the
patient is rotated about the longitudinal axis 23. This is
accomplished by shifting the longitudinal axis 23 laterally as
indicated by the arrows 24, 25 during rotation of the platform 15
to keep the center of interest aligned with the beam axis 14.
Another feature of the invention, as will be explained in greater
detail, is the provision of an electro-mechanical control system
for elevating and lowering the platform 22 during rotation to
maintain a minimal patient-to-film distance. As the patient is
rotated onto either of his sides, the platform 22 is elevated to
provide clearance for such rotation. As the patient is rotated away
from a side-position, the platform 22 is lowered to keep the
lowermost regions of the patient at a minimal distance from the
film.
The rotatable cradle or platform 22 comprises a trough-like center
panel 30 suspended between a pair of elliptical-shaped end panels
31, 32. The end panels 31, 32 are supported on stub shafts 33, 34
journaled by the end structures 20, 21.
As is best seen in FIG. 10, an inflatable air mattress 35 is
carried on the center panel 30. The air mattress 35 is useful not
only to assure the patient's comfort, but also to adjust the
combined center of gravity of the patient and the platform 22 for
rotation. Where a relatively petite patient is positioned on the
platform, for instance, the mattress 35 is inflated to elevate the
patient so that the combined center of gravity of the patient and
the platform will more nearly lie along the longitudinal axis of
rotation 23.
The patient can be held in the cradle 22 during rotation by
conventional means such as a harness, straps and tape, or by such
improved means as are disclosed in the referenced application. The
referenced application relates to the use of a thin transparent
plastic sheet which is disposed over the patient to establish a
vacuum evacuable chamber between the plastic sheet and the
supporting cradle. Once this chamber is partially vacuum evacuated,
ambient air pressure serves to hold the patient against the cradle,
even with the cradle entirely inverted.
The end structures 20, 21 comprise box-like housings 40, 41 which
open toward the end plates 31, 32. The housings 40, 41 are each
secured to a pair of elongate mounting brackets 42. The brackets 42
are positioned over and secured to opposite ends of a pair of rails
43 forming part of the table body 12.
Housed within each of the housings 40, 41 is a mechanism which
mounts the platform for movement laterally from side to side and
transversely up and down. Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, the end
structure 20 is shown in greater detail. The stub shaft 33 is
journaled by a pair of roller bearings 50, 51. The bearings 50, 51
are supported in opposite end regions of a sleeve 52. A bearing
block 53 has a through aperture 54 which receives and supports the
sleeve 52.
A reversible rotational drive motor 60 is mounted atop the bearing
block 53 to effect rotation of the stub shaft 33. The motor 60 is
coupled through a gear reducer 61 to a drive sprocket 62. An
endless roller chain 63 is reeved around the sprocket 62 and around
a sprocket 64. The sprocket 64 is secured by fasteners 65 to a
bracket 66 and to a metallic clutch disc 67. A sleeve bearing 68
rotatably mounts this sprocket, bracket and disc assembly on the
shaft 33.
An electromagnetic clutch 70 selectively drivingly couples the
sprocket 64 to the stub shaft 33. The clutch 70 includes a winding
71 encased by a metallic housing 72. A central mounting hub 73
rigidly mounts the housing 72 on the shaft 33. When current is
supplied to the winding 71, the metallic clutch disc 67 is clamped
against the housing 72 to establish a driving connection.
As will be apparent, concurrent energization of the rotational
drive motor 60 and the electromagnetic clutch 70 will enable the
motor ,60 to rotate the platform 22. Energization of the motor 60
without concurrent energization of the clutch 70 will cause the
assembly of the sprocket 64, the bracket 66 and the disc 67 to
rotate relative to the shaft 33. This latter movement is utilized
to adjust the patient rotator so it will maintain a center of
interest within the patient aligned with the X-ray beam axis
14.
The bearing block 53 is supported for lateral movement relative to
the housing 20. As is best seen in FIG. 5, a pair of laterally
extending rods 75, 76 extend through apertures 77, 78 in the
bearing block 53. Sleeves 79 positioned in the apertures 77, 78
slidably receive the rods 75, 76.
A pair of vertical positioning blocks 80, 81 rigidly engage
opposite ends of the rods 75, 76 and mount the rods for transverse
up and down movement. A pair of upstanding guide rods 82, 83 are
secured at opposite ends to the housing 40. The guide rods 82, 83
extend through apertures 84, 85 in the positioning blocks 80, 81.
Sleeves 86 positioned in the apertures 84, 85 slidable receive the
rods 82, 83.
The lateral positioning of the bearing block 53 is controlled by a
guide structure which is interposed between the housing 40 and the
bracket 66. Referring to FIG. 4, a guide plate 90 having a
vertically extending slot 91 is mounted within the housing 40. A
guide pin 92 extends through the lot 91. An apertured mounting
block 93 mounts the guide pin 92. The block 93 is supported by a
threaded rod 94 which is threaded through an aperture 95 in the
block 93.
The rod 94 is journaled for rotation by a pair of sleeves 96, 97
carried by the bracket 66. Rotation of the rod 94 in one direction
will cause the guide pin 92 to translate radially outwardly of the
shaft 33 as indicated by the arrow 98. Rotating the rod 94 in the
opposite direction will cause the guide pin 92 to translate
radially inwardly in the direction opposite arrow 98.
The radially inward travel of the block 93 is limited by a stop
washer 99 carried by the rod 94 adjacent the sleeve 96. In its
fully radially inward position, the guide pin 92 is axially aligned
with the shaft 33.
The radially inward and outward positioning of the guide pin 92 is
controlled by a reversible guide pin adjuster motor 100 supported
on the bracket 66. A pair of S-shaped spacers 101 are interposed
between the adjuster motor 100 and the bracket 66. Threaded
fasteners 102 secure the spacers 101 to the bracket 66 and to the
adjuster motor 100. The motor drive shaft 103 is directly coupled
to the rod 94.
The vertical or transverse positioning of the platform 22 is
controlled by a chain drive mechanism which supports vertical
positioning blocks 80, 81. A pair of endless roller chains 105, 106
are coupled by links 107, 108 to the blocks 80, 81. Each of the
chains is reeved around upper and lower sprockets 109, 110. The
upper sprockets 109 are idler sprockets which are rotatably
supported by the housing 40. The lower sprockets 110 are mounted on
drive shafts 111, 112 which along opposite sides of the platform 22
between the end structures 20, 21. The drive shafts 111, 112 are
interconnected for synchronous rotation by an endless roller chain
113. The chain 113 is reeved around a pair of sprockets 114, 115
mounted on the shafts 111, 112.
A reversible vertical positioning motor 120 is coupled to the
shafts 111, 112 to control the vertical or transverse positioning
of the platform 22. As is best seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, the vertical
positioning motor 120 is housed within the end structure 21. A gear
reducer 121 couples the motor 120 to the shaft 112. Since the
shafts 111, 112 are interconnected by chains 113, energization of
the motor 120 will cause concurrent rotation of the shafts 111, 112
and concurrent movement of the positioning blocks 80, 81. Operation
of the motor 120 in one direction will cause concurrent elevation
of the platform 22 while motor operation in the opposite direction
will cause lowering of the platform 22.
As will be apparent from the foregoing description, the end
structures 20, 21 house substantially identical platform
positioning mechanisms, with the exception that the end structure
20 houses the rotational drive system including drive motor 60 and
clutch 70, as well as the lateral guide adjuster system including
the adjuster motor 100, while the end structure 21 houses the
vertical positioning drive system including the vertical
positioning motor 120.
The procedure involved in adjusting the mechanism housed in the end
structure 20 to maintain a selected center of interest along the
beam axis 14 during rotation of the platform 22 is illustrated
schematically in FIGS. 6-9. The FIGS. 6-9 depict in end view the
elliptical platform end plate 31, the guide slot 91, and the guide
pin 92, and the bracket 66 which supports the threaded rod 94 on
which the guide pin 92 is carried. The X-ray source 13 and beam
axis 14 are also shown.
At the initiation of the procedure, the guide pin 92 is positioned
in alignment with the axis of rotation 23 of the platform 22.
Assume the selected center of interest within the patient to be
represented by the dot 130. The radial distance of the dot 130 from
the axis 23, as represented by the arrow 131 is determined and the
guide pin adjuster motor 100 is actuated to reposition the guide
pin 92 at an identical radial distance from the axis 23, as shown
in FIG. 7.
The rotational drive motor 60 is then actuated without concurrent
actuation of the clutch 60. As has previously been described,
actuation of the motor 60 without concurrent clutch 70 actuation
will cause the bracket 66 to rotate relative to the platform 22.
This rotation is continued until, as shown in FIG. 8, the guide pin
92 is brought into alignment with the center of interest 130. The
effect of the above-described procedure is to laterally reposition
the platform 22 to bring the center of interest 130 into alignment
with the X-ray beam axis 14.
The clutch 70 is then actuated to drivingly connect the motor 60 to
the platform 22. By this arrangement, further rotation of the motor
60 will cause the platform 22 to rotate, as shown in FIG. 9. Since
the guide pin 92 is aligned with the center of interest 130, and
since the guide pin 92 is confined to translatory movement along
the guide slot 92 which is aligned with the beam axis 14, the
platform 22 will be caused to move laterally during rotation to
keep the center of interest 130 aligned with the beam axis 14.
The patient rotator is provided with several limit switches to
terminate motor operation where continued motor operation might
harm the apparatus or the patient. A pair of normally closed limit
switches 140, 141 are disposed at opposite ends of the bracket 66,
as shown in FIG. 4. As the block 93 approaches either end of the
threaded rod 94, the switches 140, 141 serve to terminate operation
of the motor 100, as will be described in greater detail.
A series of normally closed limit switches 142 are provided beneath
the platform 22 as shown in FIG. 10. A flexible cover 143 is
disposed across the opening between the side rails 43. The limit
switches 142 are provided at spaced intervals along the cover 143
and are connected in electrical series with the rotational drive
motor 60 and with the vertical drive motor 120, as will be
explained in greater detail. By this arrangement, if the platform
22 is rotated or lowered to bring any portion of the patient or
platform into contact with the cover 143, the switches 142 will
terminate the operation of the motors 60 and 120.
The electro-mechanical control system which effects the various
movements of the platform 22 is shown schematically at FIG. 11. A
pair of cams A and B are carried by the platform 22 for rotation
therewith. As cam A rotates with the platform 22, the configuration
of its peripheral surface selectively opens and closes a pair of
switches 150, 151. As cam B rotates with the platform 22, the
configuration of its peripheral surface selectively opens and
closes a switch 152.
The actuating circuit includes a pair of conductors 155, 156 which
are adapted for connection to a suitable 120 volt AC source of
electrical energy. A pair of fuses 157, 158 couple the conductors
155, 156 to a second pair of conductors 159, 160. Each of the
motors 60, 100 and 120 as well as the clutch 70 are selectively
connected in parallel between the conductors 159, 160 by a series
of switches and relays as will be described presently.
The rotational drive motor 60 is directionally reversible depending
upon whether power is supplied to terminals 161, 163. The common
terminal 161 is connected to the conductor 159. The terminals 162,
163 are selectively connected to the conductor 160 through a
rotational control switch 164. The switch 164 has a movable contact
165 which is spring-biased to a centered position between two
contacts 166, 167. Movement of the contact 165 to the left closes
contacts 165, 166 thereby connecting the conductor 160 to a
conductor 168. Movement of the contact 165 to the right closes
contacts 165, 167 thereby connecting the conductor 160 to a
conductor 169. Normally closed contacts of the cover-actuated
switches 142 are interposed between the conductors 167, 169 and the
motor terminals 162, 163. By this arrangement, unless and until the
patient or platform 22 are brought into contact with the cover 143
so as to open the switches 142, the rotational control switch 164
will be operable to energize the motor 60. Movement of the contact
165 to the left will energize the motor 60 for clockwise rotation
while movement to the right will cause counterclockwise
rotation.
Energization of the electromagnetic clutch 70 is controlled by a
clutch control switch 170. The switch 170 has a movable contact 172
which selectively opens and closes with a contact 172 to
electrically connect the conductor 160 with a conductor 173. The
clutch winding 71 is connected across a pair of conductors 174,
175. A full wave rectifier network 176 is interposed between the
conductors 159, 173 and 174, 175 to supply the clutch winding 71
with direct current at such times as the switch contacts 171, 172
are closed.
The guide pin adjuster motor 100 is directionally reversible
depending upon whether power is supplied to terminals 180, 181 or
to terminals 180, 182. The common terminal 180 is connected to the
conductor 159. The terminals 181, 182 are selectively connected to
the conductor 160 through a guide pin adjuster switch 183. The
switch 183 has a movable contact 184 which is spring-biased to a
centered position between two contacts 185, 186. Movement of the
contact 184 to the left closes contacts 184, 185 thereby connecting
the conductor 160 to a conductor 187. Movement of the contact 184
to the right closes contact 184, 186 thereby connecting the
conductor 160 to a conductor 188. The conductors 187, 188 connect
respectively with the motor terminals 181, 182. By this
arrangement, movement of the contact 184 to the left will cause
energization of the motor 100 in a direction which will move the
guide pin 92 radially outwardly from the longitudinal axis 23,
while movement to the right will cause radially inward movement of
the guide pin 92.
The vertical drive motor 120 is directionally reversible depending
upon whether power is supplied to terminals 190, 191 or to
terminals 190, 192. The common terminal 190 is connected to the
conductor 159. The terminals 191, 192 are selectively energized
either manually through a vertical drive switch 193 or
automatically in response to the supply of current to either of the
conductors 168, 169, as will be described presently.
Selective automatic energization of the vertical drive motor 120 in
up and down directions is controlled by the cam operated switches
150, 151. The cam A is configured so as to drive the platform 22 up
when the patient is rotated onto his side from a prone or supine
position, and down as the patient is rotated away from a side
position and toward either a prone or supine position. The atient
is kept at a minimal and relatively constant distance to the film
carried in the Bucky tray 15.
The cam operated switch 150 has a movable contact 195 connected to
the conductor 168 and selectively engageable with contacts 196,
197. The contacts 196, 197 are connected by conductors 198, 199 to
the limit switches 140, 141 carried on the bracket 66. A conductor
200 connects the limit switch 140 to the motor terminal 191. A
conductor 201 connects the limit switch 141 to normally closed
contacts of the cover carried limit switches 142. Another conductor
202 connects the cover carried switch 142 to the motor terminal
192.
The cam operated switch 151, in similar fashion, has a movable
contact 205 connected to the conductor 169 and selectively
engageable with contacts 206, 207. The contacts 206, 207 connect
respectively with the conductors 198, 199.
With this arrangement of cam operated switches 150, 151, if the
rotation control switch 164 is actuated to supply current to either
of the conductors 168, 169 the switches 150, 151 will effect
energization of the vertical drive motor 120. For example, if the
platform is positioned horizontally as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, Cam
A will be positioned as shown in FIG. 11. The contacts of the
switches 150, 151 will be in their normally closed position.
Accordingly, regardless of whether the platform is rotated
clockwise or counterclockwise by the switch 164, current from the
conductors 168, 169 will be supplied through the switches 150, 151
to the conductor 198 to raise the platform. So long as rotation
continues toward positioning the patient on his side, the platform
will continue to elevate.
Once the patient is positioned on his side, i.e. once the platform
and the Cam A have rotated 90.degree., the cam will open the
normally closed contacts 195, 196 and 205, 206 of the switches 150,
151 and close the normally open contacts 195, 197 and 205, 207.
Accordingly, continued rotation in either clockwise or
counterclockwise directions will result in the transmission of
current from the conductors 168, 169 through the switches 150, 151
to drive the motor 120 in a platform lowering mode.
The vertical drive switch 193 provides a second control for
elevating and lowering the platform. The switch 193 has a movable
contact 210 which is spring biased to a centered position between a
pair of contacts 211, 212. The movable contact 210 is connected to
a conductor 213. A pair of normally closed solenoid operated
switches 214, 215 are coupled in series between the conductors 160,
213. Electrical connection is established between the conductor
160, and the switch contact 210 so long as the switches 214, 215
remain closed.
The switches 214, 215 constitute a safety means for preventing the
concurrent energization of the motor 120 in opposite directions.
The switches 214, 215 are actuated respectively by solenoids 216,
217. When the solenoids 216, 217 are energized, the switches 214,
215 are opened, thereby breaking the electrical connection between
the switch 193 and the conductor 160.
The solenoid 216 is connected between the conductors 159, 169 so as
to be energized when the rotational control switch 164 is moved to
its counterclockwise rotation position. The solenoid 217 is
connected between the conductors 159, 168 so as to be energized
when the rotational control switch 164 is moved to its clockwise
rotation position. Accordingly, whenever the rotation control
switch 164 is positioned to supply current to either of the
conductors 168, 169 thereby energizing the vertical drive motor as
described above, the supply of current to the vertical drive switch
193 is interrupted so as to disable the vertical drive switch 193
from also energizing the motor 120.
The vertical drive switch contact 211 connects directly with the
conductor 198. The contact 212, however, connects with a conductor
220, and the cam operated switch 152 is interposed between the
conductors 220, 199.
Cam B is configured such that the normally closed contacts of the
switch 152 will be closed only when the platform 22 is positioned
substantially horizontally. Accordingly, the switch 152 will only
permit the platform to be driven downward by means of the vertical
drive switch 193 at such times as the platform is positioned in a
horizontal attitude.
The operation of the patient rotator is ordinarily initiated with
the table body 12 and the platform 22 in substantially horizontal
positions. A patient to be examined is positioned on the platform
22 and secured thereto by suitable straps, harness, or tape, etc.,
or by the vacuum means disclosed in the reference application.
When the general location is known of the center of interest within
the patient to be studied, the rotator guide mechanism is adjusted,
as has been described, to maintain the center of interest along the
beam axis 14 during rotation. When the location of the center of
interest is not initially known, X-ray fluoroscopy techniques are
used to locate the center of interest.
During rotation of the patient the platform 22 will be elevated
automatically as has been described as the patient is rotated
toward a side position, and will be lowered automatically as the
patient is rotated away from a side position. If, at anytime, the
patient or platform is brought into contact with the cover 143, the
limit switches 142 will prevent further rotation or downward
movement of the platform until the platform has been elevated by
means of the vertical drive switch 193. Once the study is
completed, the platform is rotated to its horizontal position for
the patient's departure.
Although the invention has been described in its preferred form
with a certain degree of particularity, it is understood that the
present disclosure of the preferred form has been made only by way
of example and that numerous changes in the details of construction
and the combination and arrangement of parts may be resorted to
without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention as
hereinafter claimed.
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