U.S. patent number 3,847,151 [Application Number 05/366,469] was granted by the patent office on 1974-11-12 for liquid dispensing device.
This patent grant is currently assigned to International Paper Company. Invention is credited to Alfred C. D'Alessandro, Edwin A. May.
United States Patent |
3,847,151 |
D'Alessandro , et
al. |
November 12, 1974 |
LIQUID DISPENSING DEVICE
Abstract
Disclosed is a device useful for antiseptically cleansing a
surface, for example an area of a patient prior to an operation.
The device includes a sponge mounted on a nozzle which extends from
a hollow handle which contains an antiseptic solution. The
antiseptic solution within the handle is dispensed into the sponge
when a rupturable joint in the nozzle is broken.
Inventors: |
D'Alessandro; Alfred C.
(Marblehead, MA), May; Edwin A. (Ridgewood, NJ) |
Assignee: |
International Paper Company
(New York, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
23443136 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/366,469 |
Filed: |
June 4, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
604/3; 401/133;
401/198; 401/244; 401/132; 15/244.1; 401/207 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B
17/205 (20130101); A61M 35/006 (20130101); A47L
17/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61B
17/20 (20060101); A61F 13/40 (20060101); A47L
17/00 (20060101); A61m 035/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/2W,276,269 ;401/132
;15/244 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Medbery; Aldrich F.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Michaelsen; Alfred L.
Claims
We claim:
1. A liquid dispensing device which comprises:
a. a hollow handle having a sealed proximal end and a distal end
and containing a liquid;
b. a nozzle mounted on the distal end of said handle and in fluid
communication with the interior of said handle, the distal end of
said nozzle being sealed, said nozzle including a stress raiser
adjacent the sealed end thereof, said stress raiser being defined
by a stress concentrating discontinuity in the cross section of
said nozzle;
c. a web secured to said device and extending distally from the
point of securement, said web having a substantial planar area for
bearing against the interior surface of a sponge mounted
thereon;
d. a sponge disposed upon and substantially surrounding said nozzle
and said web; and
e. means for maintaining said sponge on said web.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein said web is flexibly mounted on
said handle.
3. The device of claim 1 wherein the distal portion of said web
includes rigidifying ribs.
4. The device of claim 1 wherein the end portion of said web is
affixed to the sealed end of said nozzle.
5. The device of claim 4 wherein said web is flexibly mounted on
said handle.
6. The device of claim 5 wherein the distal portion of said web
includes rigidifying ribs.
7. A liquid dispensing device which comprises:
a. a hollow handle having a sealed proximal end and a distal end
and containing a liquid;
b. a nozzle mounted on the distal end of said handle and in fluid
communication with the interior of said handle, the distal end of
said nozzle being sealed, said nozzle including a stress raiser
adjacent the sealed end thereof, said stress raiser being defined
by a stress concentrating discontinuity in the cross section of
said nozzle;
c. a web secured to the sealed end of said nozzle at points
proximally distant from said stress raiser, said web extending
distally beyond the sealed end of said nozzle, said web having a
substantial planar area for bearing against the interior surface of
a sponge mounted thereon;
d. a sponge disposed upon and substantially surrounding said nozzle
and said web; and
e. means for maintaining said source on said web.
8. The device of claim 7 wherein said web is flexibly mounted on
said handle.
9. The device of claim 7 wherein the distal portion of said web
includes rigidifying ribs.
10. The device of claim 7 wherein the end portion of said web is
affixed to the sealed end of said nozzle.
11. The device of claim 10 wherein said web is flexibly mounted on
said handle.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In preparation for conducting many medical procedures, for example
a surgical operation, it is often necessary to antiseptically
cleanse the area of the patient which is to be operated upon. Since
the requirement for antiseptically cleansing the surface of a
patient has long existed, numerous techniques and devices have been
developed to accomplish the desired objective. For example, a
primitive approach involves the use of gauze patches which are held
by forceps. After the patches have been saturated with an
antiseptic solution, the appropriate area is wiped with the wetted
gauze. Since such an approach is time consuming and requires a
number of separate articles, surgical preping devices were
developed which comprised a sponge or gauze fixedly or removably
mounted upon a handle. As the art developed, it was recognized that
the antiseptic to be applied might advantageously be included
within the handle. Of course, such a construction then presented
the problem of delivering, at the proper time and in the proper
quantity, the antiseptic from the handle to the sponge. To solve
this problem, the prior art contrived a number of rather
complicated constructions. For example, surgical preping devices
were proposed which included a plunger slidably mounted within the
handle and which, in combination with different valve arrangements,
might function so as to deliver the antiseptic when required.
Exemplary of the constructions resorted to by the prior art are
those shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,221,231, 1,221,227, 3,394,702,
3,324,855 and 3,508,547.
Although, in general, the devices disclosed by the prior art were
an improvement over the primitive method of using gauze patches and
forceps, there were nevertheless certain disadvantages which
attended either the use or manufacture of these devices. For
example, in many of these devices, the construction thereof results
in a rather substantial manufacturing cost. The significance of a
high manufacturing cost is particularly apparent when it is
realized that many of these devices are used only once and then
discarded.
From a functional point of view, a number of prior art devices were
difficult to use. For example, recognizing that the objective of
using such a device is to antiseptically cleanse a particular
surface, it will be appreciated that only the antiseptically wetted
sponge should contact the surface. Thus, the handle of the device
or the hand of the person using the device should not contact the
surface to be cleaned. Because prior art devices of this type have
generally been provided with a handle which extends from the sponge
and lies in a plane defined by the sponge, there has been a
distinct tendency for the handle or the hand of the operator to
contact the surface to be cleaned. The tendency for this
undesirable result to occur is apparent when it is noted that the
user of the device will, in order to save time, endeavor to
maintain the face of the sponge against the surface to be cleansed.
Therefore, in prior art devices wherein the handle and the sponge
were in the same plane, any effort by the operator to fully employ
the entire face of the sponge increased the probability that a
non-antiseptic surface would contact the surface to be cleaned.
As distinguished from prior art surgical preping devices, the
invention disclosed herein employs a construction which is
particularly amenable to a high speed, low cost manufacturing
techniques. Additionally, the structure of the device of this
invention provides superior utility and the use of the device may
generally be conducted without the risk of frustrating the object
of the cleansing procedure.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A hollow handle is provided which is relatively longitudinally
rigid and transversely flexible so that the handle may be
compressed by only a moderate hand pressure. Mounted on one end of
the handle is a nozzle which is in fluid communication with the
handle. The end of the nozzle which is remote from the handle is
sealed. Near the seal, the nozzle is provided with a stress raiser
so that the end portion of the nozzle may be ruptured when the
nozzle is subjected to bending or twisting.
Disposed about the nozzle is a web which is preferably, generally
flat or planar. The web extends beyond the end of the nozzle and
may be attached to the sealed end of the nozzle. Additionally, the
web is attached to either the end of the handle, a portion of the
nozzle which is remote from the rupturable joint or both the handle
and the nozzle in the aforementioned area. Preferably, the handle,
the nozzle and the web are of a one piece, unitary
construction.
When the device described above is manufactured, the handle is
filled with an antiseptic solution and the end of the handle remote
from the nozzle is then sealed. Subsequently, a sponge is
positioned over the nozzle and the web. To facilitate this
positioning, the sponge may be provided with an appropriately
dimensioned slot. Similarly, to promote the retention of the sponge
upon the web, the web may be provided with rearwardly extending
barbs which engage the sponge. To promote this engagement, the
width of the slot may be less than the width of the web. If
desired, an adhesive may be used to secure the web to the
sponge.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side view of one embodiment of the instant
invention.
FIG. 2 is a top view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary, sectional view taken along the section
line 3--3 of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a side view of another embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a top view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, there is shown a preferred embodiment
of the instant invention. More specifically, the surgical preping
device 10 includes a handle 11 having a proximal end 12 and a
distal end 13. A portion of the handle 11 near the proximal end 12
may be provided with undulations 14 to facilitate a gripping
thereof by the user. The device 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is
approximately the actual size of the device.
At the distal end 13 of the handle 11, there is provided a nozzle
15. The interior of the nozzle 15 and the interior of the handle 11
are in fluid communication. The distal end of the nozzle is sealed
as at 16. Additionally, adjacent the sealed end 16, it may be noted
that the nozzle has been peripherally crimped such that the
exterior of the nozzle at 18 forms a "V" shape in cross section.
The purpose of this peripheral crimp will be explained in detail
hereinafter.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a web 25 is secured to the distal end of
the handle 11 as at 26. The web 25 extends distally from the handle
11 and extends beyond the end of the nozzle 15. The sealed end 16
of the nozzle 15 is secured to the web 25 as at 27.
As may be noted from a close inspection of FIG. 2, in this
embodiment of the invention the web 25 is connected to the nozzle
15 only at the sealed end 16. Thus, there is provided a space 30
between the web 25 and a small, second web 31 which is attached to
and integral with the nozzle 15. As will be apparent from the
description of the manner in which this invention is used, the
second web 31 may be omitted. However, irrespective of whether or
not the small or second web 31 is omitted, it is critical to the
construction of this embodiment of the invention that the web 25 is
not connected to the nozzle 15 in the area of the nozzle which is
proximally adjacent to the peripheral crimp 18.
When the device 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is to be used, the handle
11 would be filled with an antiseptic solution. Preferably, the
handle 11 is filled with an appropriate solution when the device is
manufactured and, immediately thereafter, the proximal end 12 is
sealed. Additionally, preferably at the time the device is
manufactured, a sponge 32 is disposed upon the web 25 such that the
proximal edge of the sponge 32 substantially abuts the distal end
13 of the handle 11. Assuming the handle has been prefilled and
sealed, it will be appreciated that the handle and the nozzle are
sealed, i.e. the handle is sealed at the proximal end 12 and the
nozzle is sealed at the distal end 16. To use the device, the
operator would grasp the handle 11 and place one of the faces of
the sponge 32 against the surface to be cleansed. Thereafter, the
user of the device would exert a downward force on the handle which
force would be resisted by the sponge and the web 25 within the
sponge 32. Thus, it will be seen that since the nozzle is attached
to both the web 25 and the handle 11, the nozzle is subjected to
both a bending moment and a shear force. Therefore, corresponding
bending and shear stresses will arise in the nozzle 15 and the
peripheral crimp or groove 18 will function as a stress raiser and
a stress concentration will occur within the groove 18. As a
result, the lower portion of the groove 18, viz. that portion of
the groove 18 which is tensilely stressed, will fail. Once such a
local failure occurs, the failure will immediately propagate around
the groove 18 and the sealed end 16 of the nozzle 15 will
immediately break away. Thereafter, the antiseptic solution within
the handle 11 may flow into the sponge 32. In this connection, the
space 30 may advantageously function to promote the distribution of
the antiseptic solution throughout the sponge 32.
Recognizing that the rupturable nature of the end of the nozzle 15
is critical to the construction and use of this invention,
reference is made to FIG. 3 which shows a fragmentary, cross
sectional view of the distal end of the nozzle 15. Referring to
FIG. 3, the peripheral, V shaped groove which functions as a stress
raiser may clearly be seen. Those skilled in the art will recognize
that although the "V" shaped configuration shown in FIG. 3 will
function as a stress raiser and will cause a stress concentration
at the bottom 20 of the V when the nozzle is subjected to a bending
moment, still other configurations may be employed which will
function in an equivalent manner. However, a number of reasons
appear to suggest that the "V" shape shown in FIG. 3 is preferable.
For example, the sharpness of a V crimp provides a maximum stress
concentration. Maximizing the stress concentration is desirable
because, as a result, the wall thickness of the nozzle in the
region of the crimp may then remain constant, i.e. a break or
rupture of the nozzle will occur at the crimp because of the high
stress concentration and therefore there is no need to reduce the
wall thickness in this area. As a result, manufacturing of the
nozzle is facilitated. Another factor which suggests the
preferability of employing a V shaped crimp is the configuration of
the nozzle after the break or rupture. Thus, in general, a nozzle
having a V shaped crimp as shown in FIG. 3 will usually fail at the
apex of the V and therefore the portion of te nozzle which remains
will essentially define an orifice 22. By adjusting the depth of
the V shaped crimp, the diameter of this orifice may be
substantially perdetermined. Hence, when the end portion of the
nozzle fails or ruptures, the entire quantity of antiseptic
solution within the handle will not immediately discharge into the
sponge. Rather, because of the presence of the constricted orifice
remaining after the failure of the tip of the nozzle, the
antiseptic solution will discharge, in a somewhat metered fashion,
into the sponge.
To further promote the metered or controlled discharge of the
antiseptic solution into the sponge, the handle 11 is preferably
made of a material which is sufficiently flexible that it can be
squeezed with only a moderate hand pressure. Thus, the use of a
transversely flexible handle and the orifice defined at the end of
the nozzle after a failure thereof, will permit the operator to
control the discharge of the antiseptic into the sponge 32. Of
course, it will be appreciated that since the handle 11 is
subjected to a bending stress by the operator and since it is
desired that the effect of the bending stress will be to cause a
failure of the distal portion of the nozzle, therefore, the handle
11 should be relatively, longitudinally rigid. Similarly, it will
also be appreciated that the portion of the web 25 which extends
beyond the sealed end 27 of the nozzle 15 should be relatively
rigid, i.e. when the nozzle 15 is subjected to a bending stress, it
is desirable that the end of the web is subjected to only a
relatively small amount of bending. Stated otherwise, if the
portion of the web 25 which extends past the sealed end of the
nozzle 15 were to substantially bend, the bending moment
experienced by the nozzle would be reduced and, therefore, it would
become more difficult to cause a failure of that portion of the
nozzle which contained the stress raiser. In view of these factors,
it is preferable to provide some form of strengthening or
rigidifying means on that portion of the web 25 which extends past
the closed end of the nozzle 15. In the embodiment of this
invention shown in FIG. 2, the strengthening means employed is a
"M" shaped rib 29, i.e. the thickness of the web 25 is increased so
as to define the M shaped rib 29.
As previously indicated, the embodiment of this invention shown in
FIGS. 1 and 2 contemplates that the web 25 will be secured to the
handle 11 as at 26. Such a construction is believed to be
preferable because of certain operational advantages which result.
For example, referring to FIG. 2, it will be appreciated that after
the end of the nozzle 15 fails during the initial bending, the web
25 will then be attached only to the handle 11. Moreover, it may be
noted that the portion of the web 25 adjacent to the handle 11,
e.g. the portion 35, is relatively narrow. Therefore, after the end
of the nozzle 15 has failed, the web 25 may be bent or flexed
through a considerable angle, for example 45.degree.. As a result,
a user of the preping device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 may bend the
handle upward by pressing down on the sponge and, as a result, the
handle 11 and the hand of the user of the device may be kept remote
from the surface to be cleaned. Such a position of the handle with
respect to the sponge is not only more natural from the point of
view of the user but, additionally, avoids the problem of prior art
constructions, viz. the risk that the area to be cleaned might be
contaminated by either the handle or the hand of the user.
With general regard to the functioning of the web 25 and the
flexing thereof to promote the use of the device, a number of other
factors may be noted. For example, the presence of the web 25
within the sponge 32 will insure that when the sponge 32 is pressed
against the surface to be cleaned, a maximum portion of the sponge
will stay in contact with the surface to be cleaned. In other
words, the web 25, when positioned within the sponge 32, will act
as a bearing surface to transmit the force exerted by the user of
the device over a maximum area of the sponge. With specific regard
to the bending or flexing of the web 25, it may be advantageous to
provide a reduced thickness portion of the web 25 adjacent to the
point at which it is secured to the handle 11, for example as shown
at 39 in FIG. 1. Depending upon the specific material selected for
the web 25, the thickness thereof at the point at which it is
secured to the handle 11 may be adjusted accordingly.
Returning to a consideration of the manner in which the invention
functions when the device is being used, the significance of a
number of construction alternatives may be appreciated. For
example, as previously indicated, the nozzle 15 may be supplied
with a second, smaller web 31. While the presence of the smaller
web 31 will have no particular effect upon the breaking of the end
of the nozzle 15, it may act as a supplemental bearing surface to
assist the main web 25 in distributing forces over a maximum area
of the sponge 32. Referring to the web 25 as shown in FIG. 2, it
may be noted that a number of rearwardly extending barbs 39 are
provided. The barbs 39 will assist in maintaining the sponge on the
web 25. For example, the sponge 32 is preferably provided with a
slit having a depth approximately equal to the length of the web 25
and a width which is slightly less than the width of the web as
measured from one barb to another. Thus, the web may be forced into
the slit of the sponge and the rearwardly extending barbs will
assist in maintaining the sponge on the web. As an alternative to
the use of the barbs 39 or in combination therewith, an adhesive
may be deposited upon the web 25 prior to insertion into the sponge
32.
Considering, in a more general sense, the construction of the
device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, it will be recalled that the web 25
is attached to the handle 11 as at 26. Although this construction
is acceptable, an alternative construction may be employed. Thus,
rather than securing the web 25 to the distal end 13 of the handle
11, the web may be secured to the nozzle 15 at points which are
proximally distant from the V shaped crimp 18. For example, the web
25 may be attached to the nozzle 15 in the region 35. The extent to
which the web is attached to the nozzle will, of course, be
dependent upon a number of factors such as the thickness of the
web, the wall thickness of the nozzle, the particular form of
stress raiser which is employed, the length of the nozzle and the
overall length of the web. Thus, all of these factors will have to
be considered in terms of the bending stress to which the end of
the nozzle 15 is subjected. However, recognizing the principle of
the operation of this embodiment, it will be appreciated that if
the web is attached to the nozzle or both to the nozzle and the
handle, the points of attachment to the nozzle must be proximally
distant from the peripherally crimped portion 18 so as to insure
that this portion is subjected to a bending moment.
The construction hereinbefore described represents the preferred
embodiment of this invention, i.e. a construction wherein the
sealed end of the nozzle is attached to the end portion of the web
in order to facilitate the breaking of the nozzle. Another
construction which is functionally acceptable resides in employing
the same combination of elements hereinbefore described but
omitting the attachment between the sealed end of the nozzle and
the web. When using a device constructed in this manner, the sealed
end of the nozzle would be broken by the user, e.g. by feeling for
the end of the nozzle through the sponge and then breaking off the
end of the nozzle. Thereafter, the device would be used as
described above.
A construction which is intermediate the construction described
above and the preferred embodiment described earlier is shown in
FIGS. 4 and 5. Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, it will be seen that the
overall construction is similar to the preferred embodiment shown
in FIGS. 1-3. Thus, a hollow handle 11 is provided with a web 40
and a nozzle 41 extending from and integral with the distal end of
the handle 11. Additionally, the distal end of the nozzle is sealed
as at 42 and the nozzle includes a break-away zone or stress raiser
as at 43. However, differing from the preferred embodiment, the web
40 is integral with the nozzle between the handle and the
break-away portion although the web 40 extends distally beyond the
break-away zone 43. Thus, the web 40 will provide an adequate
bearing surface to distribute applied forces over the face of the
sponge.
To facilitate the breaking of the end of the nozzle, a second web
44 is provided and is secured to and preferably integral with the
sealed end of the nozzle. To rigidify the web 44, an M shaped rib
45 may be provided.
When used, a sponge 32 is disposed over the webs 40 and 44. In
order to actuate the device, the user will grasp the web 44 within
the sponge and, while holding the handle 11, the web 11 will be
bent thus breaking the nozzle at the break-away zone 43.
As was the case with the preferred embodiment, the embodiment of
FIGS. 4 and 5 is preferably of a unitary construction, manufactured
through the use of blow molding techniques and constructed of
polyethylene. Additionally, the web 40 is preferably provided with
rearwardly extending barbs 47 which promote the retention of the
sponge.
While the article of manufacture disclosed herein has been
described mainly in terms of a surgical preping device, it will be
appreciated that the same device may be used for a number of other
purposes, e.g. as a dishwashing device wherein a detergent is
contained within the handle.
With respect to materials which are useful in the construction of
this invention, the entire device, except the sponge, may be
advantageously constructed of low, medium or high density
polyethylene. Indeed, a particularly advantageous construction,
which results in a minimum manufacturing cost, is a one piece
construction wherein the handle is blow molded from extruded
polyethylene stock and the distal portion of the nozzle and the web
are formed by clamping between molding jaws.
Although a number of materials may be used for a sponge, it has
been found that polyurethane foam having non-reticulated pores is a
particularly acceptable material. A typical dimension for a sponge
to be used in combination with this invention is a rectangular
sponge which is two and one half inches square and is provided with
a slit 1 inch wide and 2 inches deep.
Although a preferred embodiment of this invention and certain
variations thereof have hereinbefore been described, it will be
appreciated that other variations will occur to those skilled in
the art without department from the scope of this invention as
defined by the claims appended hereto.
* * * * *