U.S. patent number 3,842,838 [Application Number 05/313,079] was granted by the patent office on 1974-10-22 for removable diaper topsheet portion for disposal of solid wastes.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Proctor & Gamble Company. Invention is credited to Dale A. Gellert.
United States Patent |
3,842,838 |
Gellert |
October 22, 1974 |
REMOVABLE DIAPER TOPSHEET PORTION FOR DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTES
Abstract
A disposable diaper is provided with a topsheet for covering of
the absorbent pad and contacting the infant, the topsheet having a
separable central portion. By removal of the separable portion of
the topsheet, it and the solid waste thereon may be disposed of
separately from the remainder of the diaper, particularly the bulky
portion which absorbs the water-like liquid wastes.
Inventors: |
Gellert; Dale A. (Aurora,
IN) |
Assignee: |
The Proctor & Gamble
Company (Cincinnati, OH)
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Family
ID: |
26916410 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/313,079 |
Filed: |
December 7, 1972 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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222065 |
Jan 31, 1972 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
604/365; 604/371;
604/373; 604/378 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61F
13/84 (20130101); A61F 13/512 (20130101); A61F
13/53409 (20130101); A61F 13/515 (20130101); B60W
2710/083 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61F
13/15 (20060101); A61f 013/16 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/284,286,287,288,290 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gaudet; Richard A.
Assistant Examiner: McGowan; J. C.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Linman; E. Kelly Braun; Fredrick H.
Witte; Richard C.
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser.
No. 222,065, filed Jan. 31, 1972, now abandoned.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A disposable diaper having sides aligned substantially parallel
to its longest dimension and ends aligned substantially parallel to
its shortest dimension, said diaper being suitable for securement
about the wearer's waist by the application of tension in a
direction substantially parallel to said shortest dimension at the
ends of said diaper, said diaper comprising a liquid-absorbent pad
and a liquid-pervious topsheet secured along its entire periphery
in superposed relation to said liquid-absorbent pad, a
centrally-located portion of said topsheet defining a liquid
pervious feces-receiving sheet portion separable from said
topsheet, said feces-receiving sheet portion being defined by means
of a continuous line of weakness in said topsheet, the periphery of
said feces-receiving sheet portion being completely located within
the perphery of said topsheet so as to provide an imperforate
border, whereby the portions of said topsheet located at the ends
of said diaper which are subjected to in use tension in a direction
substantially parallel to said shorter dimension are not weakened
by said continuous line of weakness, said feces-receiving sheet
portion being adapted for separation and removal from the remainder
of said diaper to permit separate disposal thereof.
2. A disposable diaper having sides aligned substantially parallel
to its longest dimension and ends aligned substantially parallel to
its shortest dimension, said diaper being suitable for securement
about the wearer's waist by the application of tension in a
direction substantially parallel to said shortest dimension at the
ends of said diaper, said diaper comprising a liquid-absorbent pad,
a liquid-impervious backsheet underlying said liquid-absorbent pad
and a liquid-pervious topsheet superposed on said liquid-absorbent
pad and secured along its entire periphery to said
liquid-impervious backsheet, a centrally-located portion of said
topsheet defining a liquid-pervious feces-receiving sheet portion
separable from said topsheet, said feces-receiving sheet portion
being defined by means of a continuous line of weakness in said
topsheet, the periphery of said feces-receiving sheet being
completely located within the periphery of said topsheet so as to
provide an imperforate border, whereby the portions of said
topsheet located at the ends of said diaper which are subjected to
in use tension in a direction substantially parallel to said
shortest dimension are not weakened by said continuous line of
weakness, said feces-receiving sheet portion being adapted for
separation and removal from the remainder of said diaper to permit
separate disposal thereof.
3. The disposable diaper of claim 2, wherein said liquid-pervious
topsheet has a grain and wherein said continuous line of weakness
is comprised of two substantially parallel cuts of substantially
equal length, said cuts being oriented transverse to the direction
of said grain, and lines of said grain connecting the ends of one
of said cuts to the corresponding ends of the other of said cuts,
said cuts providing access for grasping both sides of said
feces-receiving sheet portion in order to initiate separation and
removal thereof from the remainder of said diaper.
4. The disposable diaper of claim 2, wherein said continuous line
of weakness in said topsheet is comprised of a continuous line of
perforations and at least one cut, said cut being of sufficient
size to provide access for manually grasping both sides of said
feces-receiving sheet portion in order to initiate separation and
removal thereof from the remainder of said diaper.
5. The disposable diaper of claim 2, wherein said continuous line
of weakness in said topsheet is comprised of a continuous line of
perforations and at least two intersecting cuts, said intersecting
cuts forming a tab of sufficient size to permit manually grasping
both sides of said feces-receiving sheet portion in order to
initiate separation and removal thereof from the remainder of said
diaper.
6. The disposable diaper of claim 5, wherein said intersecting cuts
form a substantially right-angle tab.
7. The disposable diaper of claim 6, wherein said feces-receiving
sheet portion has a substantially rectangular outline, and a
substantially right-angle tab is formed at least at two corners of
said feces-receiving sheet portion.
8. In a disposable diaper having a liquid-absorbent pad enveloped
by paper sheeting having moderate wet strength, the improvement
comprising a centrally-located, liquid-pervious feces-receiving
sheet separably attached near its periphery to the face of said
liquid-absorbent pad, said feces-receiving sheet having its
periphery within the periphery of said liquid absorbent pad and
being readily separable and removable from the remainder of said
diaper to permit separate disposal thereof.
9. The disposable diaper of claim 8, wherein at least one corner of
said feces-receiving sheet is not attached to the surface of said
liquid-absorbent pad, thereby providing a tab to permit grasping
both sides of said feces-receiving sheet in order to initiate
separation and removal thereof from the remainder of said
diaper.
10. A disposable diaper, comprising a liquid-absorbent pad, and a
liquid-pervious feces-receiving sheet superposed on and separably
attached to the face of said liquid-absorbent pad by centrally
located attachment means having low peel strength, the width of
said feces-receiving sheet being less than the width of said liquid
absorbent pad, said feces-receiving sheet thereby being adapted to
permit removal from the remainder of the diaper and separate
disposal thereof.
11. The disposable diaper of claim 10, wherein said centrally
located attachment means is comprised of pressure-sensitive
adhesive.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a liquid-pervious topsheet for disposable
diapers or disposable absorbent diapering pads and more
particularly relates to such a topsheet having a severable or
otherwise separable central portion removable for convenient
disposal of fecal material deposited thereon.
In the past decade, improvements in disposable diapers have
revolutionized the diapering of infants. As the term "disposable"
implies, these diapers are designed to be discarded after a single
use. Disposable diapers generally consist of an absorbent pad, a
pad-covering topsheet which contacts the infant, and a
liquid-impervious backsheet for containing the liquid wastes within
the absorbent pad. Not all disposable diapers include all of these
features; for example, some disposable diapers contain no backsheet
and are used in conjunction with a separate pair of
liquid-impervious pants.
A variety of pad-like inserts for use with specially designed pants
or for application within a conventional cloth diaper have also
been used, typical of which are described in U.S. Pat. No.
2,450,059 which issued Sept. 28, 1948 to F. K. Rickerson and U.S.
Pat. No. 2,002,368, which issued May 21, 1935 to C. L. Fancher.
Also, separate loose paper-like liners have been used in the past
with cloth diapers.
While going part of the way to solving the disposal problems, the
prior art does not address itself to the problems raised in
disposing of a single use diaper which is fecally soiled. Although
many disposable diapers have an absorbent pad assembly, typically
comprising an absorbent pad and a pad-covering body-contacting
topsheet, which is suited for disposal by flushing in a water
closet, this manner of disposal of the absorbent pad assembly has
some significant drawbacks. Generally, the absorbent pad assembly
is held in the flowing stream of water resulting from flushing the
water closet so that the pad is gradually torn apart by the flowing
water. The inconvenience of holding the diaper as it is being
flushed away discourages many users from disposing of the absorbent
pad assembly by flushing it down the water closet.
The alternatives to flushing the absorbent pad assembly also have
major drawbacks. If the absorbent pad assembly is fecally soiled,
disposal of it in the garbage is both unpleasant and potentially
unsanitary. Therefore, one concerned with the undersirable aspects
of disposing of a fecally soiled diaper in the garbage must first
scrape or rinse the soil into the toilet and then dispose of the
pad assembly in the garbage.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of this invention to reduce the inconvenience
associated with the disposal of single-use diapers which are
fecally soiled.
It is a further object of this invention to provide for the
separate disposal of solid wastes from diapers without the
inconvenience of having to manipulate a loose liner to accomplish
this end.
It is still a further object of this invention to allow separate
disposal of the solid waste from a diaper together with a minimum
amount of topsheet material and without the bulky absorbent
pad.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
To accomplish these objects, a disposable diaper is provided with a
separable water-pervious feces receiving sheet. The separable feces
receiving sheet together with the solid waste on it may be disposed
of separately from the remainder of the diaper. A variety of cuts,
perforations, holes, attachment means and other means referred to
generally hereinafter as lines of weakness are used to provide
separability in the various configurations shown and claimed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing
out and distinctly claiming the invention, it is believed that the
invention will be better understood by reference to the following
explanation and accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a plan view of one embodiment of the present invention in
a flat diaper assembly;
FIGS. 2-5 are plan views of other various alternate embodiments of
the invention in flat diaper assemblies;
FIG. 6 is a plan view of a typical prior art disposable diaper with
the layers partially cut away to show its overall makeup;
FIG. 7 is a plan view of a preferred embodiment of the diaper of
present invention with one end fanned outwardly in preparation for
application;
FIG. 8 is a vertical section view of the diaper of FIG. 7 taken
along line 8--8; and
FIG. 9 is a vertical section view, corresponding to FIG. 8, of an
alternate embodiment of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Several embodiments typical of the invention are shown in the
drawings. For clarity and convenience, similar members and features
are designated by the same number and different letter suffixes in
the embodiments of FIGS. 1 through 6.
FIG. 6 shows a partially cut-away plan view of a typical prior art
disposable diaper 11a. The various layers of material comprising
the diaper 11a are bound at the ends 12a and the sides 13a.
Typically, the diaper 11a will comprise a liquid-impervious
backsheet 14a, a liquid-absorbent pad 15a, and a body-contacting
topsheet 16a. The binding of the ends 12a and sides 13a is
accomplished by turning the end and side edges of the topsheet 16a
around and under the pad 15a and suitably affixing them to the pad
15a and/or the backsheet 14a. The backsheet 14a may be made of
plastic, treated paper of the like or may be omitted entirely if,
for example, the disposable diaper is used with separate plastic
pants. Although omitted for clarity in FIGS. 1-6, the backsheet
will typically wrap over the absorbent pad assembly at the edges to
improve the containment characteristics of the diaper. (See FIGS.
7-9.) The pad 15a may be constructed of multiple layers of creped
cellolosic wadding. Comminuted wood pulp, generally referred to as
airfelt, can also be used as the absorbent pad 15a and, when used,
is typically enveloped in paper sheeting having at least moderate
wet strength. (See FIGS. 8 and 9.) The topsheet 16a is of a
liquid-pervious and, preferably, hydrophobic material. Materials
suitable for use as topsheets typically have a "grain" resulting
from the fact that the fibers comprising them align themselves
along rather than across the length of the machine producing them.
While the machine direction of the topsheet may be oriented either
across or along the length of diaper 11a it is preferably
transverse, running between the sides 13a and parallel to the ends
12a. This preferred orientation will be assumed hereinafter in each
embodiment.
FIG. 1 shows a diaper 11b including a preferred embodiment of this
invention, with the topsheet 16b visible. The central area 17b of
the topsheet 16b serves as a feces receiving sheet and is separably
connected to the remainder of the topsheet 16b along line of
weakness 18. Line of weakness 18, comprising transversely extending
portions 18a, arcuately shaped transitional portions 18b, and
lengthwise-extending portions 18c, provide for separability when
the user pulls on the central portion 17b of the topsheet material
16b. Cuts 19a can be provided at the intersections of portions 18a
and 18c to facilitate initiation of separation. Either or both of
the cuts 19a may be used as a means to grasp the central area 17b
of the topsheet 16b by providing access to both sides thereof.
Normally, the user would hold the diaper 11b by the end 12b most
convenient to him. The diaper would be elevated above the
receptacle for receiving the solid waste, typically a water closet,
and the corner of central area 17b defined by the uppermost of the
cuts 19a would be used for grasping and pulling the central portion
17b downwardly to cause separation along line of weakness 18. The
fecal material and the separated central area 17b would then be
discarded into and flushed down the water closet and the remaining
portions of the diaper discarded as desired.
The removable portion 17b may be virtually as large as the outer
face of the topsheet or may be as small as the area normally
soiled. Desirably, it is as small as practical within the above
limits, thus reducing the quantity of topsheet material which is
flushed away with the soil from a diaper, since materials suitable
for a topsheet are generally slow to disintegrate. Typically, the
central area 17b will have a width of between about 5 inches and
about 11 inches, preferably 10 inches, and a length of from about 9
inches to about 13 inches, preferably 13 inches, and will be
substantially centered on the outer face of the topsheet 16b.
The line of weakness 18 can be provided in a number of ways and can
vary over a range of geometries depending on the material used for
topsheet 16b and the strength required to withstand the in-use
stresses applied to it. A typical topsheet material is a non-woven,
wet laid fabric of rayon, with a binder such as ethyl and methyl
methacrylates in a nonionic latex with self-crosslinking properties
as manufactured by Rohm and Haas and sold under the Trademarks
Rhoplex HA-8 and Rhoplex HA-24, of about 4 to 5 mils thickness, 19
gm./sq. yd. basis weight, and having a tensile strength of about
1,000 gm./inch with the machine direction and about 550 gm./inch
across the machine direction. For this topsheet, a line of weakness
18 comprising perforations with linear cuts 1/16 inch long
separated by uncut sections 1/32 inch long work well along the
machine direction and cuts 1/32 inch long separated by uncut
sections 1/64 inch long work well across the machine direction.
Cuts 19a can be included as part of the line of weakness and can be
made any dimension sufficient to offer access and gripping area for
the fingers of the user and can, for example, be a right-angle cut
measuring 1 inch along each leg. After being perforated and cut,
the topsheet 16b preferably has a tensile strength of at least 300
gm./inch along its machine direction (across the diaper) and at
least 175 gm./inch across its machine direction (along the
diaper).
The arcuately shaped transitional portions 18b of the line of
weakness 18 connect the portions 18c, which are substantially
parallel with the sides 13b, with the portions 18a, which are
substantially parallel with the ends 12b. These transitional
portions 18b must be designed with some care. The grain of the
topsheet, mentioned earlier, makes it relatively easy to tear the
topsheet along the grain (transversely of the diaper) and
relatively difficult to tear the topsheet across the grain
(lengthwise of the diaper). Thus a tear initiated along
perforations 18a would continue directly to side 13b if
perforations 18b did not provide a suitable transition toward
perforations 18c. For the topsheet material and perforation pattern
mentioned above, portions 18b can be in the form of quadrants of a
circle, preferably with a radius of about 3 inches, and located so
as to be tangential at its point of interception to both portions
18a and 18c. The smaller perforations used across the machine
direction are continued through the transitional portions 18b.
Alternatively, the removable portion can be rectangular and the
tear directing transitions can be provided by suitably sized (e.g.
about 1 to 3 inch) cuts at the corners thereof.
FIG. 2 shows another configuration of the invention of diaper 11d
in which the line of weakness comprises perforations 18d, which
describe a removable portion 17d which is rectangular with rounded
corners and cuts 19d which provide access to the material of the
topsheet at points essentially centered on the ends 12d. Again,
care must be taken to provide a smooth transition from perforations
along the grain to perforations across the grain.
FIG. 3 shows a diaper 11e with a removable portion 17e similar to
that of the diaper 11d of FIG. 2. Access to the removable portion
17e is by holes defined by cuts 19e. A hole such as is shown in
FIG. 3 may be used with any other configuration forming a portion
of the line of weakness. The holes defined by cuts 19e should be
large enough to accommodate a finger and small enough to minimize
contact between the absorbent pad and the infant, and are
preferably semicircles of about 1 inch to about 2 inch
diameter.
FIG. 4 shows diaper 11f with still another embodiment of the
invention. Lines 20f are not a physical feature of the diaper but
are intended to represent a line of the grain of the topsheet 16f
connecting the ends of cuts 19f. A line such as this parallel to
the fibers of the topsheet is a line of weakness without the use of
perforations. Consequently, a tear may be made along the line 20f
without the use of perforations. In this embodiment, the central
separable portion 17f of the topsheet 16f is defined by lines of
weakness comprising transverse lines of grain 20f, and cuts 19f,
the lines of grain 20f projecting from the ends of one of said cuts
and connecting it with the other of said cuts.
FIG. 5 shows a diaper 11g with a removable feces receiving sheet
17g. Sheet 17g is preferably of the same material used as the
topsheet 16 in the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 4. In this embodiment,
the feces receiving sheet 17g is attached along lines 18g (i.e.,
near its periphery) to the absorbent pad 15g by glue, embossing,
etc. This embodiment teaches the feasibility of having a feces
receiving sheet 17g which is attached to the face of the underlying
absorbent pad 15g rather than being a separable part of larger
sheet which is coextensive with the absorbent pad 15g and attached
to the edges thereof. The corners 19g of the feces receiving sheet
17g are not attached to the absorbent pad 15g and therefore
facilitate initial separation of the feces receiving sheet 17g from
the absorbent pad 15g in a manner similar to the cuts 19 of the
embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 4. The unattached corners and the lines
of attachment 18g comprise the line of weakness and the lines of
attachment 18g should be of such strength that the feces receiving
sheet 17g will be retained in placed in use and yet may be peeled
away for disposal.
FIG. 7 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the present invention
in folded form, partially fanned open, designated generally by the
numeral 20. The general form of the diaper is as disclosed in U.S.
Pat. No. Re. 26,151 which issued Jan. 31, 1967 to R. C. Duncan et
al. and is commonly assigned to the assignee of this invention. As
seen more clearly with reference to FIG. 8, the diaper 20 is
comprised of multiple superposed plys of materials folded in a box
pleat configuration.
A liquid retaining backsheet 21 of polyethylene or the like
underlies the entire diaper and preferably wraps around and
overlies the marginal edges thereof, forming inwardly turned side
flaps 22. An absorbent layer is superposed on and preferably bonded
to the backsheet 21 and preferably is comprised of a layer of
communited woodpulp 23 sandwiched between an upper sheet 24 and a
lower sheet 24' of creped tissue paper having at least moderate wet
strength. Referring again to FIG. 7 the relatively bulky absorbent
layer preferably terminates along lines 25 which are spaced
inwardly from the longitudinal ends 26 of the diaper 20. This makes
it possible to fold the portion of the backsheet 21 lying between
the lines 25 and 26 inwardly to form a "gasket" at the waist of the
wearer.
The feces receiving topsheet 27 of FIGS. 7 and 8 is separably
attached to the remainder of the diaper by, for example, a strip of
glue 28. A particularly saticfactory material for the topsheet 27
is a fluffy sheet having a density of from about 0.05 to 0.15
gm./c.c. One particularly suitable such sheet is comprised of short
(less than 1/4 inch) cellulosic and long (about 3/4 to 11/2 inch)
cotton or rayon fibers which are dry laid and through bonded with a
self-crosslinking acrylic emulsion as described more fully in U.S.
Pat. No. 3,663,348, which issued to Gerald L. Liloia, et al., on
May 16, 1972 and which is incorporated herein by reference. Such a
topsheet 27 has excellent "strike-through" characteristics because
it is relatively open and is not readily wetted and therefore can
be superposed on the sideflaps 22 without adversely affecting the
containment of liquid wastes.
The topsheet 27 is separable from the remainder of the diaper 20
and provides the ability to dispose of solid wastes on the diaper
in the water closet without the need to place the absorbent pad
therein. Also, the preferred fluffy material is ideally suited to
be used to wipe fecal soil from the wearer's bottom and the
topsheet 27 is designed to be so used during or subsequent to its
separation from the remainder of the diaper 20. To provide the
desired separability, the attachment between the topsheet 27 and
the remainder of the diaper should be as weak as possible
(particularly when subjected to peeling forces), consistent with
the need to retain the topsheet 27 in place during diaper
application and use. Attachment consistent with these aims can be
achieved with adhesives of the "pressure sensitive" family, with
latex or acrylic adhesives or with the weaker members of the hot
melt variety. A stripe 28 of any of these adhesives extending
laterally the full length of the topsheet 27 and centrally thereon
is satisfactory for bonding purposes and also provides large
unattached areas which can be readily grasped to separate the
topsheet 27 from the remainder of the diaper. The topsheet 27 is
preferably coextensive with the backsheet 21 in the lengthwise
dimension (see FIG. 7), thereby assuring that the area which is to
be grasped for disposal is free from solid wastes.
Preferably, the topsheet 27 will be somewhat narrower than the
remainder of the diaper as illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8. This
reduces the amount of material needed for the topsheet 27 and
essentially eliminates any difficulties which might be encountered
in the disposal thereof in a water closet or the like. Since the
topsheet 27 is essentially non-absorbent, thereby keeping liquids
out of contact with the wearer's skin, its reduced size also
reduces the bulkiness of the diaper 20 (compared to a similar
topsheet which is coextensive with the absorbent pad in both
directions, as is conventional) without reducing its absorptive
capacity.
A hydrophobic sheet 31 is preferably provided along each of the
lengthwise edges of the diaper 20, sized so as to cover at least
those portions of the absorbent pad assembly which are not covered
by the topsheet 27, thereby keeping the wearer dry and out of
contact with the absorbent pad. The hydrophobic sheet 31 is secured
to the top of the absorbent pad (upper sheet 24) but is unattached
to the topsheet 27 which overlies it, thereby allowing relative
motion therebetween as the diaper 20 is fanned open and applied.
One satisfactory hydrophobic sheet 31 consists of a polyproplyene
sheet about 1 mil thick which is perforated and relatively open as
manufactured by Hercules, Inc. and sold under the Trademark
Delnet.
Although the diapers of this invention can be secured by pins, the
preferred diapers utilize tapes 29 for securement and release
liners 30 overlying and protecting the initially unsecured portion
thereof. A major advantage of tapes in connection with the present
invention is that tapes distribute the securing force on the
backsheet 21 and, unlike pins, do not rely on the strength of the
absorbent pad and topsheet. Sonsequently the absence of a topsheet
running between the lengthwise edges of the diaper does not
materially change its effective in-use strength.
One of the major problems with prior art disposable diapers is due
to the conflicting demands placed on the absorbent pad. In-use, the
absorbent pad must be strong and resist "wadding" and "balling."
The disposal of the absorbent pad and topsheet assembly in the
water closet requires a weak topsheet and absorbent pad. The
present invention not only substantially reduces the amount of
diaper material which is to be disposed of in the water closet but
also eliminates the need to have a weak water-dispersable absorbent
pad and allows the use of "strong" pads which heretofore have been
impractical in view of recommended disposal methods.
FIG. 9 illustrates a variation on the diaper of FIGS. 7 and 8
wherein the lofty separably attached topsheet 27a is positioned
under the inwardly turned sideflaps 22a of the diaper 20a. No
hydrophobic sheet (comparable to sheet 31 of the embodiment of
FIGS. 7 and 8) is used in this embodiment. When eliminating the
separate hydrophobic sheet in this or other embodiments it will
frequently be desirable to make the exposed portions of the
envelope of the absorbent pad at least somewhat hydrophobic; for
example, by treatment thereof with suitable fluorocarbon materials
well known in the art. The remaining portions of the diaper 20a are
identical to the diaper 20 and are numbered similarly, but
including the suffix a. Many other variations of the present
invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
* * * * *