U.S. patent number 3,834,590 [Application Number 05/300,154] was granted by the patent office on 1974-09-10 for microliter fluid delivery apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Drummond Scientific Company. Invention is credited to James W. Kenney, John E. Robinson.
United States Patent |
3,834,590 |
Robinson , et al. |
September 10, 1974 |
MICROLITER FLUID DELIVERY APPARATUS
Abstract
This apparatus includes a cylindrical barrel having positioned
therein a cylinder in which a piston is slideable longitudinally
for drawing fluid into a sample-receiving member connected to the
apparatus. A piston assembly engaged with one end of the piston is
operable within the barrel to actuate the piston and to
simultaneously compress the air within the barrel on the down
stroke of the piston assembly. Movement of the first piston through
the cylinder discharges the majority of the fluid from the
sample-receiving member. Means are provided for sequentially
admitting the compressed air to the sample receiving member to blow
out any fluid droplets remaining in the member. The discharge of
the fluid and blowing out of the sample-receiving member are
effected in a single stroke of the piston assembly.
Inventors: |
Robinson; John E. (Springfield,
PA), Kenney; James W. (Philadelphia, PA) |
Assignee: |
Drummond Scientific Company
(Broomall, PA)
|
Family
ID: |
23157939 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/300,154 |
Filed: |
October 24, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
73/864.17;
141/90; 222/340; 422/927; 222/148 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G01F
11/027 (20130101); B01L 3/0217 (20130101); B01L
3/0231 (20130101); B67D 1/08 (20130101); G01N
1/14 (20130101); B01L 2300/0838 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B01L
3/02 (20060101); G01N 1/14 (20060101); A61M
5/315 (20060101); A61M 5/34 (20060101); B67d
001/08 (); G01n 001/14 () |
Field of
Search: |
;73/425.6 ;92/130,152
;222/340,341 ;128/234,235,218F ;141/27,90 ;23/259 ;222/148 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Queisser; Richard C.
Assistant Examiner: Yasich; Daniel M.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Shlesinger, Arkwright, Garvey &
Dinsmore
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Microliter fluid delivery apparatus including:
a. a cylinder barrel,
b. a sample-receiving member engaged with one end of said
barrel,
c. a first cylinder coaxially fixedly positioned in said end of the
barrel in communication with said sample-receiving member,
d. a first piston movable longitudinally in said first cylinder for
drawing fluid into and discharging fluid from, said
sample-receiving member,
e. said first piston being spaced from said first cylinder,
f. sealing means between said first piston and first cylinder at
the end thereof remote from said said sample receiving member,
g. a piston assembly positioned within said barrel in operative
engagement with said first piston,
h. said piston assembly including a second piston and a piston
shaft,
i. a portion of said piston assembly being engageable with said
first piston for actuating the latter,
j. said second piston being slideable longitudinally of said piston
shaft and spaced therefrom to provide an air passageway,
k. the wall portion of said cylindrical barrel spaced from one end
thereof being provided with an air opening in communication with
said air passageway,
l. sealing means on said second piston engageable with the internal
wall of said cylindrical barrel,
m. sealing means on said piston shaft and engageable with said
second piston upon longitudinal movement of the piston shaft in one
direction, for preventing the flow of air from the air opening
through the air passageway, whereby air pressure in advance of said
piston assembly is increased upon longitudinal movement thereof
through said barrel toward said sample-receiving member,
n. means for selectively admitting the air under increased pressure
to said first cylinder from said barrel, during the longitudinal
movement of said piston assembly thereof, and
o. actuating means for moving said piston assembly and first piston
longitudinally of said barrel to effect passage of said first
piston through said cylinder to discharge fluid from said
sample-receiving member,
p. said actuating means being sequentially operative to activate
said means for selectively admitting air under pressure to said
first cylinder to blow out the sample receiving member after fluid
has been discharged therefrom.
2. The microliter fluid delivery apparatus of claim 1, with the
addition of:
a. a member concentrically positioned with respect to said
cylinder, and
b. a spring engaged with said concentric member for normally urging
the latter in a direction opposite the sample-receiving member,
c. a part of said piston assembly being movable longitudinally
through said cylindrical barrel and engageable with said concentric
member for moving the latter longitudinally of said barrel against
the tension of said spring.
3. The microliter fluid delivery apparatus of claim 2, wherein:
a. said member comprises a second cylinder in spaced relation to
said cylinder fixedly positioned in said barrel.
4. The microliter fluid delivery apparatus of claim 3, wherein:
a. the cylinder fixedly positioned in said barrel includes an air
opening in the wall thereof, and
b. sealing members carried by the outer periphery of said cylinder
on both sides of the air opening,
c. said sealing members being normally in contiguous relation with
the wall of said second cylinder,
d. at least one of said sealing members being spaced from the wall
of said second cylinder upon longitudinal movement of said second
cylinder by said piston assembly to permit the passage of air from
said second cylinder into the cylinder positioned in said
barrel.
5. The microliter fluid delivery apparatus of claim 2, wherein:
a. said member comprises a collar in spaced relation to said
cylinder fixedly positioned in said barrel.
6. The microliter fluid delivery apparatus of claim 2, with the
addition of:
a. a second spring engaged with said first piston for normally
urging the same to a retracted position.
7. The microliter fluid delivery apparatus of claim 6, wherein:
a. the spring engaged with said concentric member is stronger than
the spring engaged with said first piston, whereby it may be
determined by "feel" when said actuating member initiates movement
of said concentric member.
8. The microliter fluid delivery apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
a. said first piston is provided with a flute at a predetermined
point along its length for permitting the passage of air between
said barrel and cylinder positioned therein during a portion of the
stroke of said first piston.
9. The microliter fluid delivery apparatus of claim 1, with the
addition of:
a. a groove in the inner wall of said housing at a predetermined
point, and
b. a ball and spring detent carried by said piston shaft,
c. said ball being engaged with said groove to indicate said piston
is in position for drawing fluid into said sample-receiving
member.
10. The microliter fluid delivery apparatus of claim 1,
wherein:
a. said sample-receiving member comprises a volumetric device.
11. The microliter fluid delivery apparatus of claim 10,
wherein:
a. said volumetric device is a graduated capillary tube.
12. The microliter fluid delivery apparatus of claim 10,
wherein:
a. said volumetric device is a disposable tip.
13. The microliter fluid delivery apparatus of claim 1,
wherein:
a. said actuating means comprises an actuating button connected to
the outer end of said piston shaft.
14. The microliter fluid delivery apparatus of claim 1,
wherein:
a. said actuating means comprises a finger-engaging loop connected
to the outer end of said piston shaft.
15. The microliter fluid delivery apparatus of claim 1, with the
addition of:
a. means for controlling the amount of fluid drawn into, and
discharged from, said sample-receiving member.
16. The microliter fluid delivery apparatus of claim 15,
wherein:
a. said means for controlling the amount of fluid drawn into, and
discharged from, said sample-receiving member includes an end cap
threadedly engaged with an end of said cylindrical barrel,
b. said piston shaft with said actuating means connected to an end
thereof extending through said end cap,
c. said end cap being threadedly adjustable relative to said
cylindrical barrel and said actuating button to vary the distance
between said cap and said actuating button to adjust the length of
the stroke.
17. A microliter fluid delivery apparatus including:
a. an elongated housing having an opening at one end,
b. a sample-receiving member positioned within the opening of said
housing,
c. a cylinder within said housing adjacent the opening thereof,
d. said cylinder having a bore in communication with said housing
opening,
e. a piston slideable longitudinally of said cylinder for
suctioning fluid into, and discharging fluid from, said
sample-receiving member,
f. a piston assembly connected with the end of said piston remote
from said sample-receiving member,
g. said piston assembly including means for moving said piston
longitudinally of said cylinder,
h. said piston assembly further including means for compressing air
within said housing on the downstroke of said piston assembly,
and
i. air passage means selectively admitting the compressed air
within said housing to said cylinder after said piston has moved a
predetermined distance in its downstroke, whereby the compressed
air is directed into said sample-receiving member, for clearing the
latter of fluid droplets remaining therein.
18. The microliter fluid delivery apparatus of claim 17, with the
addition of:
a. means for preventing the passage of air from said
sample-receiving member into said housing upon the upstroke of said
piston in said cylinder.
19. The microliter fluid delivery apparatus of claim 17,
wherein:
a. said piston is spaced from the wall of said cylinder to permit
passage of air between the piston and cylinder into said
sample-receiving member, and
b. sealing means between said piston and cylinder near the end
thereof remote from said sample-receiving member, for suctioning
fluid into, and discharging fluid from, said sample-receiving
member.
20. The microliter fluid delivery apparatus of claim 17,
wherein:
a. said piston assembly includes a piston shaft and second
piston,
b. said second piston being slideable longitudinally on said piston
shaft and spaced therefrom to provide an air passageway,
c. the wall of said housing being provided with an air opening in
communication with said air passageway,
d. sealing means on said second piston engageable with the wall of
said housing, and
e. sealing means on said piston shaft engageable with said second
piston upon longitudinal movement of the piston shaft in one
direction, for preventing the flow of air from the air opening
through the air passageway whereby air pressure in advance of said
piston is increased upon longitudinal movement thereof through said
housing.
21. The microliter fluid delivery apparatus of claim 17,
wherein:
a. said means for admitting the compressed air within said housing
to said cylinder comprises an air opening in the wall of said
cylinder,
b. sealing members carried by the outer periphery of said cylinder
on both sides of the air opening,
c. a second cylinder in spaced relation to said cylinder and
movable longitudinally of said housing,
d. said sealing members being normally in contiguous relation with
the wall of said second cylinder to prevent the passage of air from
said second cylinder through the air opening,
e. at least one of said sealing members being spaced from the wall
of said second cylinder upon longitudinal movement of said second
cylinder,
f. said second cylinder being connected to, and movable with, said
piston assembly, to permit the passage of compressed air from said
second cylinder into said cylinder.
22. The microliter fluid delivery apparatus of claim 17, wherein
said means for admitting the compressed air to said cylinder
comprises:
a. a flute on said piston at a predetermined point along its length
for permitting the passage of air between said housing and cylinder
during the downstroke of the piston.
23. The microliter fluid delivery apparatus of claim 17, with the
addition of:
a. a groove in the inner wall of said housing at a predetermined
point, along the length thereof, and
b. a ball and spring detent carried by said piston assembly,
c. said ball being engaged with said groove to indicate said piston
is in position for drawing fluid into said sample-receiving
member.
24. The microliter fluid delivery apparatus of claim 17,
wherein:
a. said sample-receiving member comprises a volumetric device.
25. The microliter fluid delivery apparatus of claim 24,
wherein:
a. said volumetric device is a graduated capillary tube.
26. The microliter fluid delivery apparatus of claim 24,
wherein:
a. said volumetric device is a disposable tip.
27. The microliter fluid delivery apparatus of claim 17, with the
addition of:
a. actuating means engaged with the outer end of said piston
assembly.
28. The microliter fluid delivery apparatus of claim 27,
wherein:
a. said actuating means comprises an actuating button.
29. The microliter fluid delivery apparatus of claim 27,
wherein:
a. said actuating means is a finger-engaging loop.
Description
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTS
In the drawing of fluid samples into sample-receiving members,
including capillary tubes and other volumetric devices, it is
conventional practice to employ a barrel and plunger arrangement
for creating a partial vacuum in the sample-receiving member for
drawing the fluid therein. The fluid is then discharged by forcing
a piston or plunger through the barrel. It frequently occurs,
however, that droplets of the fluid remain in the sample-receiving
member so that the full sample is not discharged, a factor which
can be detrimental in those instances where precise quantities of
the fluid must be delivered. It is very difficult to completely
clear the sample-receiving members, and particularly, small bore
tubing, of these droplets, and repeated operation of the piston
within the cylinder usually has the effect of simply moving the
droplets up and down within the member without discharging the same
therefrom.
It is an object of this invention to provide a microliter fluid
delivery apparatus wherein the entire sample contained within the
sample-receiving member, including droplets adhering to the inner
peripheral wall, is discharged from the member in a single
continuous stroke.
Another object is to provide a microliter fluid delivery apparatus
of the character described wherein fluid in the sample-receiving
member is discharged therefrom under air pressure and any droplets
adhering to the wall of the member are then blown out by compressed
air.
A further object is to provide a microliter fluid delivery
apparatus employing a cylindrical barrel in which a cylinder is
positioned having a piston slideable longitudinally therein, the
cylinder being in communication with a sample-receiving member for
drawing fluid into the member, the apparatus further being provided
with a piston assembly operable to compress air within the barrel,
which air is sequentially delivered to the cylinder positioned in
the barrel after the majority of the fluid has been discharged from
the sample-receiving member, for blowing out any droplets of fluid
clinging to the wall of the member.
A further object is to provide apparatus of the character described
wherein a predetermined amount of fluid may be drawn into a
volumetric device, the apparatus further being adjustable to permit
drawing in a predetermined amount of a variety of fluids.
A still further object is to provide an apparatus which is of
compact construction employing a minimum of parts which may be
readily assembled and disassembled, the apparatus being operated by
unskilled personnel with a minimum of instruction.
Further objects will be apparent from the following description of
the presently preferred forms of this invention taken in connection
with the appended drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the microliter fluid delivery
apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along the line 2--2
of FIG. 1, looking in the direction of the arrows, and showing the
apparatus in inoperative position;
FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 showing the apparatus in
operative position;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary longitudinal sectional view of
the present apparatus showing to advantage the cylinder and piston
assembly illustrated in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view similar to FIG. 4
showing the piston and cylinder in operative position;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along the line 6--6 of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along the line 7--7 of FIG. 5
looking in the direction of the arrows;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a piston forming a part of the
present invention;
FIG. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view of a modified form of the
present invention;
FIG. 10 is an enlarged fragmentary longitudinal sectional view of
the form of invention illustrated in FIG. 9, showing the apparatus
in inoperative position;
FIG. 11 is a view similar to FIG. 10, showing the apparatus in
operative position;
FIG. 12 is a longitudinal sectional view of another modified form
of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of the form of
invention illustrated in FIG. 12, showing the apparatus in
inoperative position;
FIG. 14 is a longitudinal sectional view of another modified form
of the present invention; and
FIG. 15 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of another
modified form of the present invention particularly adapted for use
with a molded tip volumetric device.
DESCRIPTION OF FORM OF INVENTION ILLUSTRATED IN FIGS. 1-8
In FIGS. 1 to 8, there is illustrated a microliter fluid delivery
assembly constructed in accordance with one form of the present
invention, the assembly generally including a cylindrical barrel 20
having end caps 22 and 23 threaded in the ends thereof. The central
portion of end cap 22 is recessed for the reception of a rubber tip
24 having a central opening through which a sample-receiving member
and preferably a volumetric device such as a capillary tube 26 is
inserted, the capillary tube abutting recess wall 28 of end cap 22.
Tube 26 is provided with a graduation marking 27 for indicating a
predetermined quantity of fluid therein. End cap 22 is further
provided with a bore 30, the cross sectional area of which is
smaller than that of capillary tube 26 to limit the entry of the
tube into the bore of cap 22.
End cap 22 is reduced and extended to provide a fixed cylinder 32
having a bore 34 which is of substantially the same cross sectional
area as capillary tube 26, the bore being in communication with
bore 30 of end cap 22 and capillary tube 26. It will be noted from
a consideration of the drawings that cylinder 32 is coaxial with
cylindrical barrel 20 and is spaced from the peripheral wall
thereof.
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, a needle-like piston 36 is inserted into
bore 34 of cylinder 32, the cross sectional area of the needle
piston being substantially less than that of bore 34, thereby
providing a space 38 between the piston and cylinder for purposes
which will be hereinafter more fully set out. An O-ring 40 is
located at the end of cylinder 32 through which the piston is
inserted to afford sealing means at that point between the piston
and the cylinder.
The opposite terminal of piston 36 is connected to an enlarged head
42 and a convolute spring 44 is sleeved over cylinder 32 and piston
36, one end of the spring abutting head 42 and the opposite end
thereof abutting a shoulder 46 formed by thickening an intermediate
portion of piston 32. Spring 44 normally biases piston 36 to a
retracted position.
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a
second cylinder 48 which is coaxially mounted within barrel 20 in
concentric spaced relation to cylinder 32, which cylinder is
movable longitudinally with respect to cylinder 32 and barrel 20.
One end of cylinder 48 is thickened at 50, which thickened portion
engages an abutment 52 in the wall of barrel 20 to limit
longitudinal movement of cylinder 48 in a direction away from
capillary tube 26. A second convolute spring 54 is interposed
between cylinder 48 and barrel 20, the spring abutting end cap 22
at one end thereof and thickened portion 50 of the cylinder at the
other end, to normally urge the cylinder to the position shown in
FIGS. 2 and 4. Spring 54 is stronger than spring 38 for reasons
which will be hereafter clarified.
Referring again to FIGS. 2 and 4, it will be noted that an opening
56 in the wall of cylinder 32 provides communication between bore
34 of cylinder 32 and bore 58 of cylinder 48. O-rings 60 and 62 are
located in annular recesses in the outer periphery of cylinder 32
on both sides of air conduit 56, the O-rings being in contiguous
engagement with a thickened portion 64 of the wall of cylinder 48
when in the operative position shown in FIG. 4, and in spaced
relation to the main portion of the wall of cylinder 48, when in
the inoperative position shown in FIG. 5. An air passageway 66
extends angularly through thickened portion 50 of cylinder 48,
thereby providing communication between the bore of cylindrical
barrel 20 and bore 58 of cylinder 48.
In accordance with the objects of the present invention, there is
provided a blow-out piston assembly 68 which includes a piston
shaft 70 extending through a central opening in cap 23 and provided
with an end actuating button 72. Piston shaft 70 is enlarged at 74
which enlarged portion is spaced from the peripheral wall of barrel
20 to provide an air space 76 which is adapted to communicate with
an air opening 78 extending through the wall of barrel 20 adjacent
enlarged section 74 of the piston shaft.
Enlarged portion 74 issues into a piston shaft section 80 which is
substantially the same cross sectional area as main body portion 70
of the shaft, and an enlarged circular end cap 82 is threaded into
the end of shaft section 80 as indicated at 84. An end cap kerf is
provided at 86 for facility in threading cap 82 into section
80.
An annular collar-like piston 88 is sleeved over shaft section 80
between end cap 82 and enlarged shaft portion 74, as shown to
advantage in FIGS. 4 and 5. Piston 88 is spaced from piston section
80 to provide an air passageway 90 which communicates with slots 92
extending outwardly in the collar from air passageway 90. When the
present apparatus is in the position shown in FIG. 4, this
arrangement permits the passage of air through air opening 78, air
space 76, air passageway 90 and slots 92 into the bore of barrel 20
where it may then pass through air passageway 66 into bore 58 of
cylinder 48.
As shown in FIG. 7, the outer periphery of piston 88 is provided
with an annular recess which is adapted for the reception of an
O-ring 94 which engages the abutment 52 of barrel 20 and serves as
an air tight seal between the piston and barrel. In conjunction
with O-ring 94, there is a second O-ring designated 96 which
surrounds shaft extension 80 at its point of juncture with enlarged
portion 74 thereof.
It will be apparent from a consideration of the drawings and
particularly FIGS. 4 and 5, that piston 88 is freely movable on
shaft extension 80 between end cap 82 and enlarged section 74 of
the piston shaft. Therefore, when the apparatus is in the
inoperative position illustrated in FIG. 4, piston 88 is contiguous
with end cap 82 and spaced from enlarged piston shaft portion 74
and O-ring 96, thereby permitting free passage of air through the
assembly in the manner set out above. However, when the apparatus
is actuated by depression of actuating button 72, the friction of
O-ring 94 against the wall of barrel 20 effects relocation of the
piston rearwardly into engagement with O-ring 96 as shown in FIG.
5, which effectively prevents air passing through opening 78 of
barrel 20 from moving interiorly of the barrel or cylinders
contained therein. At this point, as blow-out piston assembly 68 is
moved longitudinally of barrel 20, piston 88 compresses air in
advance thereof.
As piston 88 slides longitudinally through the barrel, end cap 82
engages head 42 to force piston 36 through bore 34 against the
tension of spring 44 to compress the air within bore 34 and exert
air pressure upon fluid within tubular member 26 in a direction to
discharge fluid therefrom. During this period, O-rings 60 and 62
are operative to prevent the passage of air through opening 56 into
bore 34.
Upon continued longitudinal movement of blow-out piston assembly
68, end cap 82 engages portion 50 of cylinder 48 forcing the latter
to move longitudinally against the tension of spring 54. In view of
the fact that spring 54 is stronger than spring 44, the operator
will "feel" when longitudinal movement of the cylinder 48 occurs,
since increased resistance to further movement will necessitate
more force being exerted against actuating button 72.
When cylinder 48 is moved longitudinally towards cap 22, by
continued depression of button 72, O-rings 60 and 62 which are
located in recesses in cylinder 32 no longer engage thickened
portion 64 of cylinder 48, and consequently an air passage is
created between bore 34, opening 56 and bore 58 of cylinder 48.
This causes the air which has been compressed by piston 88 to pass
into space 38 between cylinder 48 and piston 36 under pressure and
to exert this pressure against any fluid remaining in the tubular
member 26, thereby blowing out any fluid remaining therein.
Upon release of button 72, movable cylinder 48 is returned to the
position shown in FIG. 4 under urging of spring 54 and O-rings 60
and 62 once again are operative to seal opening 56 thereby
preventing any air from being drawn from bore 34 through the
opening into bore 58.
Similarly, the reversal of direction of blow-out piston assembly 68
effects movement of piston 88 to its original position shown in
FIG. 4 to allow the passage of air through air passageway 90, slots
92, into the bore 58 of cylinder 48.
OPERATION
In use of the apparatus of the present invention, capillary tube 26
is placed through rubber tip 24 into engagement with recess wall 28
of end cap 22. Actuating button 72 is then depressed until the
operator "feels" end cap 82 of the blow-out piston assembly engage
the end of cylinder 48. The free tip of the capillary tube is
inserted into the fluid to be dispensed, and button 72 is released.
Under spring pressure, piston 36 is retracted from bore 34 and
fluid is drawn into the capillary tube by the suction created.
Graduation marking 27 on the tube 26 indicates the proper volume
capacity and the liquid level should coincide with this line. If
the two do not coincide, such as for example, when dispensing
liquids with very high specific gravities, an adjustment is made by
loosening cap 23 of barrel 20 to change the length of the piston
stroke.
To dispense the liquid, button 72 is depressed the length of its
travel, thereby first forcing piston 36 through bore 38, and then
sequentially moving cylinder 48 longitudinally to force air under
pressure into bore 38, thereby producing an air blast therein to
blow out fluid droplets remaining in the tube.
Upon release of button 72, the apparatus is returned to its initial
inoperative position by spring actuation, and the apparatus is in
readiness to perform the next dispensing operation.
DESCRIPTION OF FORM OF INVENTION ILLUSTRATED IN FIGS. 9 TO 11
In FIGS. 9 to 11, there is illustrated a modified form of the
present invention which is basically the same as that illustrated
in the form of invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 8. Accordingly,
portions corresponding to that form of invention are identified by
like numbers followed by the letter "a."
In this form of the invention, instead of providing an outer
cylinder such as indicated at 48 in the form of invention
illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 8, there is provided a collar 98 which is
spaced from piston shaft head 42a, one end of which sleeve normally
engages abutment 52a of barrel 20a. The other end of sleeve 98
engages a spring 54a. The opposite terminal of the spring engages
cap 22a. In accordance with the present invention piston shaft 36a
is fluted or grooved at 100a to provide an air passageway between
the bore of cylindrical barrel 20a and bore 34a of cylinder 32a
during the portion of the operation illustrated in FIG. 11.
The operation of the apparatus of this form of invention is similar
to that set out above in connection with the form of invention
illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 8, with the exception that upon
longitudinal movement, enlarged head 82a engages collar 98a and
increased force must be exerted on button 72a to activate the
blow-out feature to clear capillary tube 26a. Upon continued
longitudinal movement of piston 36a by depression of actuating
button 72a, flute or groove 100 assumes the position shown in FIG.
11 with one portion of the groove communicating with the bore of
barrel 20a and the other end thereof communicating with bore 34a of
cylinder 32a. This effects a passageway between the two bores, and
the air which has been compressed by piston-like collar 88a passes
into bore 34a to blow out any fluid remaining in capillary tube
26a.
DESCRIPTION OF FORM OF INVENTION ILLUSTRATED IN FIGS. 12 TO 13
In FIGS. 12 and 13, there is illustrated another modification of
the present invention which is also similar to the forms of
invention illustrated in FIGS. 9-11. Accordingly, corresponding
parts are identified by like numbers followed by the letter "b ."
In this form of the invention retraction of piston 36b and piston
assembly 68b is not effected automatically under spring tension,
but is performed manually. To facilitate the manual retraction, a
finger loop 102 is employed in lieu of the actuating button of the
other forms of the invention. The operation of this form of the
invention is the same as in the forms of invention illustrated in
FIGS. 1-11.
DESCRIPTION OF FORM OF INVENTION ILLUSTRATED IN FIG. 14
In FIG. 14, there is illustrated still another modified form of the
present invention which is basically similar to the forms of the
invention shown in FIGS. 1-13 and accordingly similar parts are
identified by like numbers followed by the letter "c." In this form
of the invention, however, no spring means are provided for
automatically retracting piston 36c in cylinder 32c and there is no
spring actuated cylinder or collar concentric with the piston. The
assembly of this form of the invention includes a peripheral groove
104 at a predetermined point along the length of the barrel. In
connection with groove 104 there is provided a detent assembly 106
in enlarged portion 74c of blow out piston assembly 68c. Detent
assembly 106 include a ball 108, and a spring 110 positioned in a
recess 112 in enlarged portion 74c. Ball 108 is urged outwardly
from the recess by spring 114 in a well known manner and upon
slideable movement of piston assembly 68c, ball 108 drops into
groove 104, thereby indicating to the operator that piston 36c is
in position within cylinder 32c for drawing fluid into tube
26c.
After piston 36c is retracted by operation of finger loop 102c, the
fluid is discharged by reversing the direction of movement of
piston 36c and piston assembly 68c. When ball 108 passes groove 104
the operator can "feel" this action and knows that the air
compressed by piston assembly 68c is passing into bore 34c of
cylinder 32c through flute 100c to blow out droplets of air from
tube 26c.
DESCRIPTION OF FORM OF INVENTION ILLUSTRATED IN FIG. 15
In FIG. 15 there is illustrated fragmentarily another modified form
of the present invention which may be basically similar to any of
the forms illustrated in FIGS. 1-14. Accordingly, similar parts are
identified by the same numbers followed by the letter "d." This
modification is particularly adapted for use with a molded plastic
tip volumetric device 116. For this purpose, a rubber tip 118 is
positioned in a central recess in end cap 22d. Tip 118 includes a
forward frusto-conical extension 119 which is adapted for
frictional engagement with the inner peripheral surface of
volumetric device 116. An axial bore 120 extends through rubber tip
118 to provide communication between device 116 and bore 34d.
The apparatus of the present invention affords simple but effective
means of clearing volumetric devices, particularly of the small
bore type such as capillary tubes, of all fluid drawn therein. This
apparatus further provides actuating means including a piston or
plunger member which, in a single stroke, sequentially delivers
substantially all of the fluid from the tube and then delivers
compressed air to the volumetric device for completely clearing the
same of fluid droplets. In the event droplets remain in the tube,
the actuating means may be repeatedly operated to effect delivery
of air under pressure in one direction only to the volumetric
device while preventing movement of air in the opposite direction.
The present apparatus, by virtue of its simplicity in structure and
operation, further lends itself to operation by an unskilled person
with a minimum of instructions.
While there has been herein shown and described the presently
preferred forms of this invention, it is to be understood that such
has been done for purposes of illustration only and that various
changes may be made therein within the scope of the appended
claims.
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