U.S. patent number 3,825,922 [Application Number 05/325,852] was granted by the patent office on 1974-07-23 for channel plate display device having positive optical feedback.
This patent grant is currently assigned to U.S. Philips Corporation. Invention is credited to John Ernest Ralph.
United States Patent |
3,825,922 |
Ralph |
July 23, 1974 |
CHANNEL PLATE DISPLAY DEVICE HAVING POSITIVE OPTICAL FEEDBACK
Abstract
Display device comprising a cathode-luminescent layer, a
plurality of electron multiplier elements, and a plurality of
individually energisable cathodes. The cathodes are photo-cathodes
and an optical feedback path is provided between said luminescent
layer and said photo-cathodes through said electron multiplier
elements.
Inventors: |
Ralph; John Ernest (Salfords,
near Redhill, EN) |
Assignee: |
U.S. Philips Corporation (New
York, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
9802662 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/325,852 |
Filed: |
January 22, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
Current U.S.
Class: |
345/74.1;
313/103R; 313/484; 365/111; 313/103CM; 313/105CM; 365/110 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01J
31/507 (20130101); H01J 31/127 (20130101); H01J
2201/342 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01J
31/08 (20060101); H01J 31/50 (20060101); H01J
31/12 (20060101); H01j 039/18 () |
Field of
Search: |
;340/324M,173LS
;313/108,109.5,109 ;315/169TV |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Caldwell; John W.
Assistant Examiner: Curtis; Marshall M.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Trifari; Frank R.
Claims
What I claim is:
1. A display device comprising a plurality of selectively
energisable display elements each comprising a channel electron
multiplier element, an individual photo-cathode adjacent the input
of said element, and cathodo-luminescent material situated in a
path for electrons from the output of said element, said
photo-cathode being sensitive to radiation emitted by said
cathodo-luminescent material in response to electron bombardment
and being situated in a path for said radiation from said
material.
2. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said multiplier elements
form a channel electron multiplier plate having its channels
substantially perpendicular to its major surfaces.
3. A display device, comprising:
a layer of cathodo-luminescent material which emits electromagnetic
radiation in response to electron bombardment;
a channel plate electron multiplier positioned adjacent one side of
said layer to selectively bombard said layer with electrons from
the output face thereof and to receive at the output face thereof
electromagnetic radiation from said layer, the channels of said
channel plate being sufficiently straight to pass therethrough from
the output face to the input face thereof at least some of said
received electromagnetic radiation, and
an array of selectively energizable photo-cathodes positioned
adjacent the input face of said channel plate to selectively supply
electrons to said channel plate and to receive electromagnetic
radiation passing back through said channel plate from said layer,
said photo-cathodes emitting electrons in response to said received
electromagnetic radiation, thereby providing positive feedback.
4. The display device defined in claim 3 wherein said
photo-cathodes are selectively energized by individually
controlling the voltage potentials between said photo-cathodes and
the input face of said channel plate, an individual photo-cathode
being selectively energized by lowering the voltage potential
thereof relative to the input face of said channel plate and
de-energized by raising said voltage potential relative to the
input face of said channel plate.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a display device comprising a plurality
of selectively energisable display elements.
One class of such devices employs an array of glow-discharge paths
in an inert gas atmosphere as the display elements. These paths may
be arranged for example as a so-called "bar-matrix" or as a
rectangular array of dots such as is described, for example, in
U.S. Pat. No. 1,224,306. Energising selected combinations of the
elements can cause, for example, any alpha-numeric character to be
displayed. It is desirable in the interests of economy and
reliability that the addressing circuitry for the elements be
fabricated in integrated circuit form, this being particularly so
when the number of display elements in the device is large. This
is, however, difficult to do when gas-discharge elements are
employed, because the striking voltage of such discharges is larger
than the voltage capability of present-day integrated circuits.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the invention to provide an alternative form of
device which does not suffer from this disadvantage.
The invention provides a display device comprising a plurality of
selectively energisable display elements each comprising a channel
electron multiplier element, an individual photo-cathode adjacent
the input of said element, and cathodo-luminescent material
situated in a path for electrons from the output of said element,
said photo-cathode being sensitive to electromagnetic radiation
emitted by said material in response to electron bombardment and
being situated in a path for said radiation from said material.
Switching of each element of such a device off and on may be
achieved by making the corresponding photo-cathode either a few
volts positive or a few volts negative, respectively, relative to
the input of the corresponding multiplier element. Thus the
switched voltage need only be small and, moreover, the switched
current may be negligible.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an array of photo-cathode
substrates in the relative positions they will occupy in a
completed display device;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of part of a display device in a partly
finished state; and
FIG. 3 is a cross-section of the finished device of FIG. 2 taken
along the line III--III, together with a channel electron
multiplier plate and a viewing window.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In FIG. 1 an array of cathode substrates 1 together with supply
leads 2 are formed from a sheet of a glass-sealing alloy such as
nickel-iron by photo-etching. Parts 3 of the plate interconnecting
the supply leads are left in situ for the moment in order to
maintain the substrates 1 in their correct positional
relationship.
In FIG. 2 a block 6 of electrically insulating material for example
that available under the Registered Trade Mark "Fusite K" has been
moulded around the assembly of FIG. 1 so that the supply leads
project therefrom. Shallow cavities 7 have been formed in the top
face 9 of block 6, these cavities each terminating at an individual
photo-cathode substrate 1. A ridge 16 completely encircles the
cavities 7 and is separated from the main portion of the top face
of the block 6 by a step on which rests a metal frame 4, for
example again of nickel iron, which is led out through the ridge 16
at 5. An exhaust tube 12 terminates in a hole 13 opening into the
upper surface 9 of the block 6.
Photo-cathode material 10 (FIG. 3) is then deposited in the
cavities 7, the remainder of the upper surface 9 of the block 6
being masked while this is carried out. A channel electron
multiplier plate 11 is then placed in the space surrounded by the
ridge 16, the plate 11 being provided with metal flanges 14 and 15,
the flange 14 contacting the frame 4 and the flange 15 resting on
the top of the ridge 16. The plate 11 may be manufactured by a
method described in U.S. Pat. 1,064,072 and each major surface
thereof is coated with an electrically conductive layer (not shown)
which layers contact the flange 14 and 15 respectively. These
layers may be of vapour-deposited nickel-chromium and the major
surfaces on which they are provided extend perpendicular to the
channels in the plate.
The flange 15 is sealed all round to the top of the ridge 16 by a
suitable solder glass (not shown) and a clear or translucent
viewing window plate 17 is similarly sealed to an electrically
insulating spacer 19 which is itself sealed to the flange 15. A
thin layer 18 of cathodo-luminescent material has been previously
deposited on a transparent electrically conductive layer (not
shown) e.g., of tin oxide itself deposited on the underside of the
window plate 17. Electrically conductive supply strips (not shown)
welded or otherwise secured to the flange 15 and the transparent
electrically conductive layer form current supply conductors
thereto.
After sealing, the device is pumped through the tube 12 so that the
pressure inside is below 10.sup.-.sup.4 torr and the photo-cathodes
are then activated. The metal 3 interconnecting the conductors 2 is
removed.
The cathodo-luminescent material 18 is chosen to match the spectral
sensitivity of the photo-cathodes 10, i.e., the photo-cathodes 10
are sensitive to at least part of the emission spectrum of the
material 18. Thus, if the material 18 is that known as "P 31" the
photo-cathodes 10 may be the type known as "S 11". An optical path
exists between each photo-cathode 10 and the corresponding part of
the layer 18 so that, if electrons from a given photo-cathode 10
reach and are multiplied in the plate 11 to bombard part of the
layer 18, some of the resulting electromagnetic radiation emitted
by the layer 18 returns to the relevant photo-cathode 10 to sustain
the electron emission. The fact that the channels in the plate 11
are perpendicular to the major surfaces of the plate assists this
optical feedback.
The device operates as follows. A steady positive potential of the
order of 1 Kv is applied to the flange 15 relative to the flange
14, and hence to the side of the plate 11 facing the luminescent
layer 18 relative to the other side of this plate. A steady
positive potential of e.g. 3 - 5 Kv is also applied to the
conductive layer on which the luminescent layer 18 is deposited,
relative to the flange 15. Any electrons, therefore, which are
incident on the side of the multiplier plate 11 which faces the
photo-cathodes 10 are multiplied in the plate, emerge from the
other side thereof, and are accelerated towards the layer 18 which
luminesces under their influence to give a display visible through
the window 17 and also which activates at least that photo-cathode
10 which lies opposite the luminescing part of the layer 18. Thus
the effect is self sustaining provided any electron emitted by a
photo-cathode 10 can reach the input face of the plate 11. Whether
or not this occurs is easily regulated by making small adjustments
to the potential of each photo-cathode 10 relative to that of the
input surface of the plate 11. Thus if the potential of a given
photo-cathode is equal to or more negative than the input surface
of the plate 11 a display occurs on the layer 18 at a position
opposite that photo-cathode (there will normally be some stray
electrons and/or photons to initiate the effect). On the other hand
if the potential of that photo-cathode is raised to a few, e.g.
2-5, volts positive relative to the input surface of the plate 11
any electrons emitted therefrom will be prevented from reaching the
input fo teh plate 11 and the luminescing area corresponding
thereto will be extinguished. Thus a display can be obtained from
any part of the layer 18 corresponding to a photo-cathode 10, and
this display can be switched on and off by varying the potential of
that photo-cathode by a few volts. Moreover the photo-current from
each photo-cathode need only be very small so that the
photo-cathode can be switched by means of integrated circuits.
With an array of photo-cathodes as described groups can be
energised to display single letters or figures together with a
decimal point: obviously the use of a larger array enables more
complicated displays, such as groups of letters and/or figures, to
be obtained.
In order to obtain maximum resolution it will be appreciated that
the spacings between the plate 11 and both the photo-cathodes 10
and the layer 18 should be as small as possible, provided they are
not so small that electrical breakdown occurs.
If desired, discrete areas of phosphors which are
cathodo-luminescent in different colours may be provided in the
layer 18, each colour, such as red, green and blue, being
energisable by activating a different photo-cathode. In this way a
multicoloured display may be obtained.
With large-area devices employing a large number of photo-cathode
elements 10 an addressing system of the cross-bar type is
preferably used for the individual display elements. Such a system
may be formed by depositing an electrically conductive strip on the
input surface of the plate 11 opposite each row or column of
photo-cathode elements 10 and interconnecting the photo-cathode
substrates 1 of each column or row respectively, for example by
replacing the individual leads 2 to each substrate by strips which
extend thorugh the block 6 in the column or row direction, which
strips are exposed in each cavity 7.
It should be noted that U.S. Pat. No. 3,622,828 discloses a display
device comprising a plurality of selectively energisable display
elements each comprising a channel electron multiplier element, an
individual photo-cathode adjacent the input of said element, and
cathodo-luminescent material situated in a path for electrons from
the output of said element, said elements forming a channel
electron multiplier plate. However, in this known device the
photo-cathodes are flooded with light from an external source to
produce electron emission therefrom.
* * * * *