U.S. patent number 3,812,915 [Application Number 05/366,740] was granted by the patent office on 1974-05-28 for discharge head having constant force plug retaining member.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Factory Mutual Research Corporation. Invention is credited to William L. Livingston.
United States Patent |
3,812,915 |
Livingston |
May 28, 1974 |
DISCHARGE HEAD HAVING CONSTANT FORCE PLUG RETAINING MEMBER
Abstract
A pressure responsive discharge head in which an expellable plug
is disposed in the outlet of a body member having an inlet adapted
for connection to a source fo fluid, with the plug being connected
relative to the body member in a position preventing the discharge
of fluid from the outlet. A connector is provided which applies a
constant force to the plug to maintain it in the flow preventing
position and which is adapted to release the plug in response to a
predetermined fluid pressure existing in the body member.
Inventors: |
Livingston; William L. (Sharon,
MA) |
Assignee: |
Factory Mutual Research
Corporation (Norwood, MA)
|
Family
ID: |
23444296 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/366,740 |
Filed: |
June 4, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
169/38;
169/42 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A62C
37/10 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A62C
37/10 (20060101); A62C 37/08 (20060101); A62c
037/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;169/5,9,19,21,37-42 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Ward, Jr.; Robert S.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Lane, Aitken, Dunner &
Ziems
Claims
I claim:
1. A discharge head comprising a body member having an inlet for a
source of fluid under pressure, and an outlet for discharging said
fluid, a plug member adapted to attain a position in said body
member in which it prevents the flow of fluid from said outlet,
said plug member being urged from said flow preventing position by
the force of the fluid pressure in said body member, and connector
means connecting said plug member relative to said body member in a
manner to exert a predetermined force against said plug member in a
direction opposite to that of said fluid pressure to maintain said
plug member in said flow preventing position when said fluid
pressure is below a predetermined value, said connector means being
adapted to release said connection when said fluid pressure attains
said predetermined value and permit the movement of said plug
member from said flow preventing position and the discharge of
fluid from said outlet, said connector means being adapted to
maintain the value of said predetermined force despite dimensional
variations in said members and variations in the relative positions
of said members.
2. The head of claim 1 wherein said connector means comprises a
strip of flexible material having a coiled portion, said strip of
flexible material being fixed relative to said body member and to
said plug member.
3. The head of claim 2 further comprising linkage means for
engaging said plug member to retain it in said flow preventing
position, said linkage means including a fusible link responsive to
a predetermined temperature in the vicinity of said body member for
releasing said engagement, said plug member moving from said flow
preventing position upon the existence of both said predetermined
temperature and said predetermined value of fluid pressure.
4. The head of claim 3 wherein a pin is formed on the interior wall
of said body member, said strip of flexible material having one end
portion coiled around said pin and the other end portion attached
to said plug member inside said body member.
5. The head of claim 4 wherein said pin is adapted to fuse at a
temperature higher than the fusion temperature of said fusible link
to permit release of said plug member despite said fluid pressure
being below said predetermined value.
6. The head of claim 1 further comprising linkage means for
engaging said plug member to retain it in said flow preventing
position, said connector means comprising a strip of flexible
material having a coiled portion, said strip of flexible material
being fixed relative to said body member and to said linkage
means.
7. The head of claim 6 wherein said linkage means includes a first
lever engaging said plug member and a second lever engaging said
first lever, said strip of flexible material being fixed relative
to said body member and to said second lever.
8. The head of claim 7 wherein said linkage means further comprises
a fusible link connecting said levers in a manner to maintain said
plug in said flow preventing position, said fusible link being
responsive to a predetermined temperature in the vicinity of said
body member for releasing said connection, said plug member moving
from said flow preventing position upon the existence of both said
predetermined temperature and said predetermined value of fluid
pressure.
9. The head of claim 8 further comprising a fusible pin connecting
said strip of flexible material to said second lever, said pin
adapted to fuse at a temperature higher than the fusion temperature
of said fusible link to permit release of said plug member despite
said fluid pressure being below said predetermined value.
10. A method for controlling the operation of a discharge head in
which a plug member is disposed in the outlet of said head to
normally prevent the flow of fluid therethrough, comprising the
steps of exerting a predetermined force against said plug member in
a direction opposite to that of said fluid pressure to maintain
said plug member in said flow preventing position when said fluid
pressure is below a predetermined value, releasing said force when
said fluid pressure attains said predetermined value to permit the
movement of said plug member from said flow preventing position and
the discharge of fluid from said outlet, and maintaining the value
of said force despite dimensional variations in said members and
variations in the relative positions of said members.
11. The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of exerting
an additional force against said plug member in a direction
opposite to that of said fluid pressure, and releasing said
additional force in response to the temperature in the vicinity of
said head exceeding a predetermined value.
12. The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of releasing
said force in response to the temperature in the vicinity of said
head exceeding a predetermined value despite the absence of said
predetermined value of fluid pressure.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a discharge head, and more particularly to
a discharge head in which the discharge of fluid therefrom is
controlled in response to the pressure of fluid in the head.
Several applications exist for a discharge head in which the flow
therefrom is controllable in response to the fluid pressure
existing in the head. For example, in applicant's U.S. Pat. No.
3,653,444, assigned to the same assignee as the present
application, a fixed fire extinguishing system is disclosed which
incorporates a plurality of direct discharge heads spaced apart
greater distances and having larger outlet orifices when compared
to conventional sprinkler heads, to enable greater quantities of
water, or other extinguishant, to be delivered from each head at
lower pressures. Preferably, the heads are in the form of wide
angle spray nozzles which develop a downwardly directed spray
having large size droplets as compared to the droplets produced by
the conventional sprinkler heads. According to one of the main
features of the system disclosed in this patent, the number of
nozzles activated to discharge the extinguishant is limited in
order to prevent nozzles located a relatively long distance from
the fire to rob more closely located nozzles of valuable
extinguishant and extinguishant pressure, and in order to prevent
unnecessary water damage.
With this arrangement, the first nozzle actuated by the fire has a
much better possibility of extinguishing the fire, because of its
ability to retain a predetermined discharge density and the
increased ability of the larger droplets to penetrate the fire
plume of a high challenge fire. Of course, if the heat of the fire
spreads, a limited number of additional nozzles are actuated to
help the first nozzle fight the fire and to wet down areas
surrounding the fire to provide exposure protection to inhibit the
spread of the fire, with the number of additional nozzles that are
allowed to be actuated being limited to a small predetermined
number in accordance with the foregoing.
According to a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned system,
the above is achieved by establishing a pressure floor so that a
minimum pressure must exist at each nozzle before it will open,
with the system being designed so that this minimum pressure will
not be reached until a predetermined number of nozzles have been
opened. The hardware used to establish the pressure floor includes
an expellable plug normally blocking the outlet of the nozzle and
adapted to be expelled from the nozzle to permit extinguishant flow
therethrough upon both the fusing of a conventional temperature
responsive device and the presence of a fluid pressure in the
nozzles of a magnitude exceeding a predetermined value. In
establishing the latter value, a helical compression spring is
utilized to latch the expellable plug in a closed position. The
design is such that the extinguishant pressure in the nozzle acts
upon the helical spring and has to be of a value to overcome the
force of the spring before the expellable plug can be released.
In U.S. patent application Serial Number 346,454, filed Mar. 30,
1973, and also assigned to the same assignee as the present
invention, a discharge head is disclosed which incorporates the
pressure floor feature discussed above in a different manner. In
accordance with the latter disclosure, the expellable plug is
maintained in a flow blocking position relative to the discharge
head by means of a pair of fulcrummed levers. A fusible link
maintains the levers in the plug retaining position and is
responsive to a predetermined temperature for releasing the levers.
A fusible link maintains the levers in the plug retaining position
and is responsive to a predetermined temperature for releasing the
levers. A spring clip is also provided which maintains the levers
in the plug retaining position by virtue of its inherent spring
force which, if overcome by the fluid pressure in the body member,
releases the lever. The spring clip is soldered relative to the
levers by means of a fusible material to provide a failsafe or
redundant thermal override which, upon the occurrence of the
elevated temperature required to fuse the latter material, permits
the plug to release from the head despite the fact that the
pressure existing in the latter is insufficient to release the
plug.
Although this design proved to be very worthwhile in many respects,
it was difficult to ascertain the precise pressure at which the
spring clip would permit release of the levers and therefore the
plug. Also, the clip could not readily accommodate dimensional
variations in the various components of the unit, as well as
variations in their relative positions, which further added to its
unpredictability.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a
discharge head of the above type which incorporates all of the
advantages of the heads discussed above, yet which enables the plug
retaining force to be accurately and precisely obtained.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a
discharge head of the above type in which the plug retaining force
is achieved in a relatively simple manner.
Towards the fulfillment of these and other objects, the discharge
head of the present invention comprises a body member having an
inlet for a source of fluid under pressure, and an outlet for
discharging said fluid, a plug member adapted to attain a position
in said housing in which it prevents the flow of fluid from said
outlet, said plug member being urged from said flow preventing
position by the force of the fluid pressure in said body member, a
first linkage member engaging said plug member, a second linkage
member engaging said first linkage member, and connector means
connecting two of said members in a manner to exert a predetermined
force against said plug member in a direction opposite to that of
said fluid pressure to maintain said plug member in said flow
preventing position when said fluid pressure is below a
predetermined value, said connector means being adapted to release
said connection when said fluid pressure exceeds said predetermined
value and permit the movement of said plug member from said flow
preventing position and the discharge of fluid from said outlet,
said connector means being adapted to exert said predetermined
force despite variations in the distance between its points of
connection with said members.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of the discharge head of the
present invention as shown in a fully assembled condition;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 2--2 of FIG.
1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 3--3 of FIG.
1; and
FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 1, but depicting an alternate
embodiment of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring specifically to FIGS. 1-3 of the drawings, the discharge
head of the present invention consists of a hollow cylindrical body
member 10 having an inlet 12 formed at one end thereof and an
outlet 14 formed in the other end thereof.
The outer surface of the body member 10 is threaded as shown in 16
near the inlet end to permit the head to be connected to a conduit
for supplying fluid, such as water, to the head. By way of example,
the conduit could form a portion of a fire extinguishing system, in
which case the fluid would be in the form of a fire extinguishant,
such as water.
A swirl vane 18 is disposed inside the body member 10 near the
inlet end 12 thereof for imparting a swirling action to the water
as it passes through the head in a conventional manner. A portion
of the inner surface of the body member 10 is of a reduced diameter
to define a throat 20 which extends into a flared portion forming
the outlet 14.
As a result of the foregoing arrangement, water introduced into the
inlet 12 is swirled as it passes through the body member 10 with
its flow being accelerated as it passes through the throat portion
20 for discharge in a substantially conical discharge pattern from
the outlet 14.
As better shown in FIG. 2, a ring assembly 21 is fastened to the
outer surface of the body member 10 near the outlet opening 14 and
defines a plurality of arcuate slots 21a which communicate with the
interior of the body member 10. As a result, a portion of the water
passing through the body member 10 will be discharged from the
slots 21a in a substantially radial direction to supplement the
main discharge from the outlet 14. In this manner, the radially
extending discharge provides a "fill in" pattern between the main
discharge from adjacent body members 10.
The outlet 14 is normally closed by means of a cylindrical plug
member 22 which is retained in the position shown by a pair of
levers 24 and 26. In its plug retaining position, the lever 24 has
a horizontal leg portion 24a engaging the plug 22, and a shoulder
portion 24b extending in a groove formed in the outer wall of the
body member 10, to support the lever relative to the body
member.
In a similar manner, the lever 26 has a horizontal extending leg
portion 26a, and a horizontal shoulder portion 26b also extending
in a groove formed in the body member 10. The horizontal leg
portion 26a of the lever 26 is fulcrummed relative to the leg
portion 24a of the lever 24 about a ball 28 resting on ad
adjustable pin 30 supported by the leg portion 26a.
A pair of tabs 32 and 34 extend from the levers 24 and 26,
respectively, in a spaced relationship. A fusible link 36, formed
of a material that is adapted to fuse, or melt, at a predetermined
elevated temperature, connects the tabs 32 and 34, and therefore
maintains the levers 24 and 26 in their operative position shown,
retaining the plug 22 in the outlet 14.
As better shown in FIG. 2, a coiled spring 20 connects the lever 26
relative to the body member 10. The spring 40 is in the form of a
flexible strip of thin material, such as stainless steel, which has
one end portion coiled around a shoulder 42 formed on the body
member 10, and the other end portion attached to a pin 44 extending
from the tab 34 of the lever 26. This latter attachment is
preferably made by forming a hole through the spring 40 near its
end, and sizing the pin 44 so that it extends within the hole to
maintain the spring in the position shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
As a result of the above arrangement, the spring 40 applies a
constant force to the lever 26 urging it into engagement with the
lever 24, which, in turn, engages the plug 22 with a predetermined
constant force. This constant force is maintained even though, due
to tolerance variations, etc., in the various components, as well
as variations in their relative positions, the distance between the
shoulder 42 and the pin 44 may vary considerably. As a result, the
spring 40 can be calibrated so that it applies a force of a precise
predetermined value to the plug 22 via the levers 24 and 26 to
maintain the plug in the outlet 14 in the absence of a greater
force exerted on the other end of the plug 22 by the fluid pressure
in the body member 10.
The pin 44 may be of a fusible material, such as solder or the
like, which is adapted to fuse at a predetermined elevated
temperature of a greater value than that required to fuse the link
36, to enable the plug 22 to be discharged from the outlet despite
the fact that the water pressure in the body member 10 does not
exceed the force provided by the spring 40, as will be described in
detail later.
In operation, the discharge head of the present invention is
assembled in its operative condition shown in FIGS. 1-3 with the
levers 24 and 26 retaining the plug 22 in the outlet 14, and being
maintained in this position by means of the link 36 and the spring
40.
Upon the occurrence of a predetermined elevated temperature in the
vicinity of the link 36, the latter will melt, and release the
connection between the tabs 32 and 34 and therefore between the
levers 24 and 26. After this occurs, if the water pressure in the
body member 10 acting on the plug 22 is sufficient to force the
plug outwardly from the outlet 14 against the force provided by the
spring 40 through the levers 24 and 26, the end portion of the
spring 40 will unwind from the shoulder 42 and permit the levers to
fall, and the plug to discharge from the outlet.
In the event the fluid pressure in the body member 10 is
insufficient to overcome the force of the spring 40 after the link
36 melts, the levers 24 and 26 will remain in their operative
position shown unless the temperature proximate to the body member
10 attains the predetermined value which will cause the pin 44 to
melt. Upon the occurrence of this latter condition, the spring 40
will be released from the lever 26, and the levers 24 and 26 will
fall down under the force of the water pressure acting on the plug,
thus permitting the plug, and therefore the water, to discharge
from the outlet 14 and the slots 21a.
It is thus seen that the arrangement of the present invention is
relatively simple in design, has a minimum of parts and yet
provides an effective, precise control of the operation of the
head.
The embodiment of FIG. 4 is similar to that of FIGS. 1-3, and
identical structure will be given the same reference numerals. In
the embodiment of FIG. 4, the coiled end portion of the spring 40
extends around a tab or pin 50 formed on the internal wall of the
body member 10. The other end portion of the spring 40 is affixed
to the plug 22 at its inner face as shown.
The pin 50 may be of a fusible material which will melt upon a
predetermined temperature occurring in the vicinity of the head of
a value greater than that required to melt the link 36, to provide
a failsafe release in a manner similar to that provided by the pin
44 in the embodiment of FIGS. 1-3.
The operation of the embodiment of FIG. 4 is identical to that of
FIGS. 1-3, with the exception that the levers 24 and 26 will fall
upon the fusing of the link 36 regardless of the value of the water
pressure existing in the body member 10. This will then enable the
plug 22 to be discharged from the outlet 14 if the water pressure
in the body member 10 is sufficient to overcome the force provided
by the spring 40.
Of course, if the water pressure in the body member 10 is
insufficient to permit release of the plug 22 the latter will
remain in its flow-discharge-preventing-position in the outlet 14
unless the temperature in the vicinity of the head rises to an
extent that the pin 50 melts which, of course, will permit release
of the plug, as described above.
It is understood that the above embodiments have been described in
connection with a fire protection system by means of example, and
that the discharge head of the present invention can be used in
other environments as well.
Of course, other variations of the specific construction and
arrangement of the discharge head disclosed above can be made by
those skilled in the art without departing from the invention as
defined in the appended claims.
* * * * *