U.S. patent number 3,561,537 [Application Number 04/738,697] was granted by the patent office on 1971-02-09 for automatic sprinkler head.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Fire Protection Company. Invention is credited to Keith M. Dix, Harold F. Grenning, Jr..
United States Patent |
3,561,537 |
Dix , et al. |
February 9, 1971 |
AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER HEAD
Abstract
An automatic fire protection sprinkler head including a frame
having means providing a passage for water or the like terminating
in an outlet closed by a valve disc, together with a temperature
responsive linkage acting between the valve disc and the frame to
normally maintain the outlet closed comprising a pair of bimetal
elements which react similarly on a slow rate of temperature rise
below a predetermined high value to produce no effect, and which
react differentially when the high temperature is exceeded or when
there is a rapid rate of rise in temperature, to release the valve
member and let the water flow. Five embodiments are
illustrated.
Inventors: |
Dix; Keith M. (Bannockburn,
IL), Grenning, Jr.; Harold F. (Glenview, IL) |
Assignee: |
Fire Protection Company
(N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
24969105 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/738,697 |
Filed: |
June 20, 1968 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
169/38 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A62C
37/16 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A62C
37/08 (20060101); A62C 37/16 (20060101); A62c
035/22 () |
Field of
Search: |
;169/38,40,39,37 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: King; Lloyd L.
Assistant Examiner: Church; Gene A.
Claims
We claim:
1. In an automatic fire protection sprinkler head operable
responsive to a high temperature or to a high rate of temperature
rise:
a. a frame;
b. a pipe on the frame having an outer end adapted for connection
with a source of fire extinguishing fluid and an inner end
terminating in a valve seat providing a fluid outlet;
c. a valve closure member having an inner surface engageable with
the valve seat to close the outlet and an outer surface having a
fulcrum;
d. means on the frame providing a fulcrum opposed to the valve
member fulcrum;
e. a linkage acting between the two fulcrums to hold the valve
member closed;
said linkage comprising:
e1. a strut having one end acting against one of said fulcrums;
e2. a lever having a first portion acting against the other
fulcrum, a second portion cooperating with the other end of the
strut and a third portion adjacent said one strut end; and
e3.means acting between the strut and the lever third portion to
hold the lever with the valve closed; and
f. heat sensitive means connected with the linkage and responsive
to a high temperature and responsive to a high rate of temperature
rise below the high temperature to break the linkage and let the
valve open in event of a predetermined high ambient temperature or
in event of a predetermined high rate of rise in ambient
temperature.
2. In an automatic fire protection sprinkler head operable
responsive to a predetermined high temperature or to a
predetermined high rate of temperature rise:
a. a generally oval frame;
b. a pipe on the frame having an outer end adapted for connection
with a source of fire extinguishing fluid and an inner end
terminating in a valve seat providing a fluid outlet;
c. a valve member having an inner surface engageable with the valve
seat to close the outlet;
d. means on the frame providing a fulcrum opposed to the valve
member;
e. a strut having one end acting against the valve member;
f. a lever having a first portion acting against the fulcrum and a
second portion cooperating with the other end of the strut;
g. means acting between the strut and the lever holding the latter
with the valve closed; and
h. heat expandable means effective on the lever and responsive to a
predetermined high temperature and responsive to a predetermined
high rate of temperature rise below the high temperature to release
the lever and let the valve open on occurrence of either event;
h1.said expandable means comprising a pair of heat responsive
elements which enact approximately equally to a gradual rise in
temperature below said high temperature, having no effect on the
linkage, and which respond differentially after said high
temperature is reached or in event of a rapid rate of rise in
temperature to release the lever.
3. A combination as defined in claim 1, said expandable means
comprising:
a first bimetal element having one end anchored adjacent the place
of cooperation of the strut with said one fulcrum;
a second bimetal element having one end connected to the lever, an
intermediate portion acting against the strut and another end
cooperating with the other end of the first bimetal element;
and
the arrangement being such that the cooperating ends of the bimetal
elements move differentially on a rapid rate of rise in temperature
or after a predetermined high temperature is attained slowly, to
release the lever member.
4. A combination as defined in claim 1, including:
means latching the lever to the strut;
a first bimetal element on the frame interposed between the
latching means and the strut;
a second bimetal element on the strut and adjacent the latching
means; and
the arrangement being such that adjacent portions of the two
bimetal elements move differentially on a rapid rate of rise in
temperature or after a predetermined high temperature is attained
slowly, to release the latching means.
5. A combination as defined in claim 1, including:
means latching the lever to the strut;
a first bimetal element on the strut;
a second bimetal element on the first bimetal element and disposed
adjacent the latching means; and
the arrangement being such that the two bimetal elements move
differentially on a rapid rate of rise in temperature or after a
predetermined high temperature is attained slowly, to release the
latching means.
6. A combination as defined in claim 1, including:
means latching the lever on the strut;
a first bimetal element anchored on the strut;
a second bimetal element connected to the first bimetal element and
holding the latching means; and
the arrangement being such that the two bimetal elements move
differentially on a rapid rate of rise in temperature or after a
predetermined high temperature is attained slowly, to release the
latching means.
7. A combination as defined in claim 1, including:
means latching the lever on the strut;
a first bimetal element;
a second bimetal element on the first bimetal element and arranged
with the latter to surround and restrain the latching means;
and
the arrangement being such that two bimetal elements move
differentially on a rapid rate of rise in temperature or after a
predetermined high temperature is attained slowly, to release the
lever from the strut.
8. A combination as defined in claim 2, said expandable means
comprising:
a first bowed bimetal element having one end anchored adjacent the
place of cooperation between the strut and the valve member and the
other end free;
a second bowed bimetal element generally parallel to the first
having one end connected to the lever, an intermediate portion
engaging the strut and the other end free and engaging the free end
of the first bimetal element; and
the arrangement being such that the free ends of the bimetal
elements move together on slow temperature rise and hold the valve
closed, and move differentially to release the valve member after a
predetermined high temperature is attained slowly or on rapid
temperature rise.
9. A combination as defined in claim 2, including:
a link having one end pivoted on the lever;
a first bowed bimetal element having opposite ends anchored on the
frame and an intermediate portion interposed between the strut and
the other end of the link so the link is latched;
a second bowed bimetal element disposed generally transverse to the
first bimetal element and having one end secured to the strut and
the other end adjacent said other end of the link; and
the arrangement being such that adjacent portions of the two
bimetal elements move together on slow temperature rise, and move
differentially to unlatch the link after a predetermined high
temperature is attained slowly or on rapid temperature rise.
10. A combination as defined in claim 2, including:
an end portion on said lever latching the lever on the strut;
a first bowed bimetal element having one end secured to the
strut;
a second bowed bimetal element having one end secured to the other
end of the first bimetal element and a free end disposed adjacent
said lever latching portion; and
the arrangement being such that the two bimetal elements move
equally, offsetting each other on slow temperature rise, leaving
the lever latched, and move differentially to unlatch the lever
after a predetermined high temperature is attained slowly or on
rapid temperature rise.
11. A combination as defined in claim 2, including:
a second lever engaging the strut and latching the first lever;
a link holding the second lever in place;
a first coiled bimetal element having an inner end secured to the
strut;
a second coiled bimetal element having an inner end secured to the
outer end of the first bimetal element and an outer end holding the
link; and
the arrangement being such that the two bimetal elements move
equally, offsetting each other on slow temperature rise, holding
the link, and move differentially to release the link after a
predetermined high temperature is attained slowly or on rapid
temperature rise.
12. A combination as defined in claim 2, including:
a projection on the lever having an enlarged end;
a plurality of balls surrounding the projection and engaging the
enlarged end to restrain the lever;
a first curved bimetal element;
a second curved bimetal element having one end connected to one end
of the first bimetal element and surrounding the balls to hold the
latter in place; and
the arrangement being such that the two bimetal elements move
equally, offsetting each other on slow temperature rise, holding
the balls, and move differentially to release the balls after a
predetermined high temperature is attained slowly or on rapid
temperature rise.
13. A combination as defined in claim 1, wherein said heat
sensitive means acts between the strut and the holding means.
14. In an automatic fire protection sprinkler head operable
responsive to a predetermined high temperature or to a
predetermined high rate of temperature rise:
a. a generally oval frame;
b. a pipe on the frame having an outer end adapted for connection
with a source of fire extinguishing fluid and an inner end
terminating in a valve seat providing a fluid outlet;
c. a valve member having an inner surface engageable with the valve
seat to close the outlet;
d. means on the frame providing a fulcrum opposed to the valve
member;
e. a strut having one end acting against the valve member;
f. a lever having a first portion acting against the fulcrum and a
second portion cooperating with the other end of the strut;
g. means acting between the strut and the lever holding the latter
with the valve closed;
h. heat expandable means effective on the lever and responsive to a
predetermined high temperature and responsive to a predetermined
high rate of temperature rise below the high temperature to release
the lever and let the valve open on occurrence of either event;
and
i. said holding means including the expandable means.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The art relating to automatic fire protection sprinkler heads is
fairly well developed. In the past, there have been a large number
of patented devices and a good number of commercial devices
operable automatically for opening the water outlet in a sprinkler
head in response to a rise in ambient temperature to some
predetermined high value indicative of the existence of some
dangerous fire hazard. Such devices have operated in response to
movement of a thermostatic element such as a bimetal piece, and
they have operated in response to fusible elements which melt or
yield on existence of some predetermined high temperature. Usually,
however, the prior art devices have been responsive only to the
attainment of some predetermined high temperature in the vicinity
of the automatic control, and have not been responsive to a high
rate of rise of temperature below the predetermined high value,
when in fact the high rate of rise may also be indicative of a
dangerous fire hazard requiring sprinkler operation. While U.S.
Pat. No. 2,471,240 illustrates a device responsive to high
temperature and to rate of rise, the device is in the nature of a
diaphragm or bellows control intended to operate remotely from the
sprinkler head itself. While U.S. Pat. No. 1,107,845 illustrates
high temperature and rate-of-rise response in a sprinkler head,
there are separate devices for obtaining the two responses.
Recent tests of a number of commercially available automatic
sprinkler heads have indicated that many of them require a time
lapse after a fire starts and before the sprinkler head operates
involving 2 to 20 minutes depending upon the type of fire, the
height at which the sprinklers are installed and the particular
construction, for example, among other factors. In fact, there may
be a number of situations where a very dangerous condition may be
indicated by a high rate of rise of temperature well before the
predetermined high value is reached. In other situations, there may
be flash fires which generate relatively high rate-of-rise
conditions without ever stimulating the predetermined high value
for which many sprinklers are set.
Accordingly, it is desirable that an automatic head be provided
responsive not only to some predetermined high temperature value
but also to a high rate of rise of temperature, which would be
simple to manufacture, economical in cost and reliable in
operation.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the present invention, there is provided an automatic
sprinkler head which responds not only to a predetermined high
temperature value but also to a high rate of rise of temperature
below the predetermined value. An important advantage in the
present invention is the provision of both responses in a single
mechanism all incorporated in a unitary device situated at the
water outlet. In preferred constructions, a strut acts on the valve
closure disc to hold the latter in closed position on the outlet, a
lever is pivoted on a fulcrum opposed to the disc and acts on the
strut to hold the latter in place, and a thermostatic means
adjacent the lever and the strut holds the latter in place, but
responds to either high temperature or high rate of rise to release
the lever letting the closure member loose to free the water. The
preferred thermostatic controls involve the use of two bimetal
elements which react similarly in response to slow temperature rise
below the predetermined high value so that there is no effect on
the valve closure linkage, but which react differentially when the
predetermined high value is attained or when there is a high rate
of rise below the high value. When the two bimetal elements react
differentially, the valve closure linkage is released. In order to
demonstrate the breadth of the invention, five embodiments are
illustrated.
The embodiments of FIGS. 6 and 9 emphasize ease of release, that
is, the constructions are designed to require as little force as
possible for releasing or unlatching the linkage holding the valve
closure disc in place. The embodiments of FIGS. 4 and 5 emphasize
simplicity in the mechanism employed. The embodiment of FIGS. 1 and
2 enjoys advantages of both features.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of one form of sprinkler head
apparatus embodying the principles of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line 2-2 on FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a front elevational view of a sprinkler head embodying
another form of linkage incorporating the invention;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken at about the line 4-4 on FIG.
3;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view similar to those in FIGS. 2 and 4,
illustrating a third form of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view similar to the previous sectional views
illustrating a fourth form of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a rear elevational view, partly in section, taken at
about the line 7-7 of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a front elevational view of a fifth form of the
invention; and
FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken at about the line 9-9 of FIG.
8.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT OF FIGS. 1 AND 2
Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, a head generally designated 10 in
its entirety, includes a somewhat oval-shaped frame 11 having
symmetrically opposed arms 12 and 13 which approach each other near
the bottom of the frame at opposite sides of a pipe or fitting 14
threaded exteriorly at 15 for connection with a pipe or the like
for conducting water. The fitting 14 is hollow and provides a
passage therethrough at 16 terminating in an outlet providing a
valve seat at 17 adapted to be closed by a valve closure member in
the form of a disc 18. Where the arms 12 and 13 approach each other
near the top of the frame 11, there is a cylindrical or conical
boss 20 having a central opening therethrough which is threaded to
receive a threaded screw 22 having a pointed end 23 providing a
fulcrum for leverage acting to hold the disc 18 seated on the
outlet 17. In order to spread the water issuing from outlet 18 in
the event the sprinkler head is put in operation, a deflector 25 of
annular configuration is conically shaped and slotted to disperse
the water and has a central portion fitted on a reduction 26 of the
boss 20 which is beaded over as at 28 to retain the deflector in
place.
In order to retain the valve closure disc member 18 in position on
the seat 17 to block the outlet and prevent the flow of water, a
bowed bimetal element 29 of somewhat C-shaped configuration has a
lower end portion seated on top of the disc 18 and retained against
movement thereon by means of a pin 30 passing through the bimetal
element and seated in the top of the disc. The bimetal element 29
is comprised of two layers of metal 31 and 32 of different
composition adhered together and having different rates of
expansion so that the bow of the bimetal element is altered on
change in ambient temperature.
The upper surface of the lower portion of the bimetal element 29 is
engaged by the lower end of a strut 35 preferably seated in a
depression on the disc. A lever 36 has an upper end portion
engaging the fulcrum 23, an adjacent portion engaging the upper end
of the strut 35 and a lower portion projecting through an aperture
37 in the strut, and terminating in an upwardly and rearwardly
turned projection 38. The lever terminus 38 engages a groove in the
lower end of a second bimetal element 40 comprised of two layers of
metal of different composition, such as 41 and 42 adhered together
and having different coefficients of expansion. The bimetal 40 is
formed with a bowed intermediate portion so that on change of
ambient temperature, the shape of the bow is altered. An
intermediate portion of the bimetal 40 engages the edge of the
strut 35 adjacent the upper portion of the aperture 37 and the
upper end of the bimetal element 40 is engaged by the upper end of
the bimetal element 29.
If desired, the lower end of the bimetal element 29 may be attached
to the disc 18 by other means such as a projection on the bimetal
seated in a complementary recess in the disc, or alternatively the
lower end of the bimetal element 29 may be attached to the lower
end of the strut 35 as by pin, rivet or welding, with the strut
directly engaging the disc 18. In operation, the disc 18 and
bimetal element 30 are placed in position after which the strut 35
is positioned with the lever 36 engaging the fulcrum 23 and
engaging the upper end of the strut 35. The linkage thus formed is
locked or latched in position by the bimetal element 40 which
engages the terminus 38, the fulcrum at the edge of the aperture 37
and the upper end of the bimetal element 30. The linkage may be
tightened in place, if desired, by the fulcrum screw 22 which has a
slot at the upper end adapted to receive a screwdriver.
In a preferred form of the device constructed and tested, the
bimetal element 29 has a thickness on the order of .090 inch while
the bimetal 40 has a lesser thickness on the order of .060 inch. In
each element the outer layer, that is, 31 or 41, has a relatively
high rate of expansion while the inner layer, 32 or 42, has a lower
rate of expansion, as a result of which both elements will tend to
bow more in the event of a rise in ambient temperature. A suitable
commercially available bimetal utilizes Invar (a nickel steel) as
the material with a low rate of expansion and brass as the material
with a high rate of expansion.
In event of a relatively slow rate of temperature rise, the
elements 29 and 40 increase in curvature at a rate such that the
adjacent engaging ends move at approximately the same rate until a
predetermined high temperature (160.degree. F. for example) is
attained, at about which time the outer thicker bimetallic element
29 of greater thermal inertia will cease to respond while the inner
thinner bimetallic element 40 of less inertia continues increasing
in curvature, thereby shortening its length. Ultimately, the upper
end of the element 40, acting as a lever, is released from the
holding effect of the upper end of the element 29, so that the
element 40 pivots counterclockwise about the fulcrum at the upper
edge of the aperture 37. This releases or unlatches the lever 36
for movement in a counterclockwise direction about the upper end of
the strut 35. The strut is thereby freed, releasing its holding
effect on the disc 18 so that the water pressure forces the disc
off the seat, opening the outlet for flow of water.
On a rapid rate of temperature rise (15--30.degree. per minute, for
example), the thinner bimetallic element 40 of less inertia
increases in curvature at a greater than the bimetal 29, so that
the length of the bimetal 40 is shortened more rapidly, and the
upper end of element 40 is freed from the holding effect of the
upper element 29 and the release or unlatching occurs as described
above.
If the fulcrum at 23 is fixed rather than adjustable, the linkage
mechanism may be set by snapping the lever terminus 38 over the end
of the bimetal element 40.
The mechanical advantage in the linkage or leverage mechanism
illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 may be relatively great, something on
the order of 25:1 for example, between the disc 18 and the
interengaged ends of the bimetal elements. More particularly, the
mechanical advantage provided by the lever 36 may be on the order
of 5:1 when comparing the distance between the fulcrum 23 and the
upper end of the strut 35 to the distance between the upper end of
the strut 35 and the lower end of the lever at the terminus 38.
Similarly, the mechanical advantage may be on the order of 5:1 in
the bimetal element 40 when comparing the distance between the
terminus 38 and the upper end of the aperture 37 to the distance
between the upper end of the aperture and the upper end of the
bimetal. Thus, if it is necessary to have a force on the valve
closure disc 18 having a value of 300, the force at the cooperating
ends of the bimetal elements may be only on the order of 12.
In FIGS. 1 and 2, differential action of the two bimetals in due
primarily to different thicknesses which contribute to different
masses and different thermal inertias. That is, though the
materials are similar in the two bimetals, a slower and lesser
reaction may be obtained from the greater mass because of the
greater thermal inertia, i.e., resistance to temperature change. It
should be understood, however, that different reactions can be
obtained by utilizing different materials in the two bimetals, and
by arranging the bimetals so that different lengths provide
differential movement, and by arranging the bimetals in different
configurations.
FIGS. 3 AND 4
In the embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4, valve disc 40 is held in place
by a strut 41 seated in a groove in the upper surface of the disc.
A lever 42 has an upper end portion engaging fulcrum 43, an
adjacent intermediate portion engaging the upper end of strut 41
and a lower end portion engaged by a link 44 which has a backwardly
turned and beveled terminus 45 engaging an indentation in the lever
42 in a manner such that the link 44 may pivot on the lever. The
link 44 extends through an aperture 46 in the strut 41 and has an
upwardly turned end portion 48 which is latched behind a bowed
bimetal element 49 which has a recessed midportion engaging the
upturned end 48 and engaging the strut 41 though contact with the
strut would not be necessary if the bimetal is otherwise suitably
restrained against lateral movement.
As best seen in FIG. 3, the bimetal element 49 extends transversely
of the oval frame and has opposite ends as at 51 and 52 seated in
recesses in the frame arms 53 and 54 respectively, so as to retain
the bimetal element in place. Such element consists of two separate
layers of different material suitably adhered together and having
different coefficients of expansion. In the form illustrated, the
layer 55 representing the outer surface of the bow has the higher
expansion rate and the inner layer 56 has a lower expansion
rate.
A second bimetal element 58 has an upper portion as at 59 secured
to an upper portion of the strut 41 and includes a bowed
intermediate portion as well as a free opposite end disposed
immediately above the upturned end portion 48 on the link 44.
Bimetal element 58 is thicker than element 49 and consists of two
layers of material of different coefficients of expansion,
including an outer layer 61 having a relatively high rate of
expansion and an inner layer 62 having a lower coefficient of
expansion.
In operation, in case of a relatively slow rate of temperature
rise, the outer layers of the bowed bimetal elements expand at a
greater rate than the inner layers as a result of which the
curvature of both elements increases. While the temperature rises
slowly, the adjacent portions of the two bimetal elements rise
together and approximately equally, having no visible effect on the
sprinkler head. At a predetermined high ambient temperature value,
the thicker bimetal element 58 ceases to respond, while the thinner
bimetal element 49 continues to respond, carrying the link end 48
into contact with the end of the bimetal element 58 whereupon the
link 44 is unlatched and the linkage falls apart to release the
disc 40.
Similarly, in event of a rapid rate of temperature rise, the
thinner bimetal element 49 moves more rapidly than the thicker
bimetal element 58, so that the latter has the effect of unlatching
the upturned end 48 from the former.
FIG. 5
In FIG. 5, disc 70 is held in place by a strut 71 having a lower
end in contact with the upper surface of the disc. A lever 73 of
reversed approximate C-shape, has an upper end portion engaging
adjustable fulcrum 74, an intermediate portion engaging the upper
end of strut 71, a lower portion passing through an aperture 75 in
the strut, and an upturned terminus 76 latched behind the material
of the strut 71 adjacent the upper edge of the aperture 75. If
desired, the terminus 76 may carry a small ball 77 or other
projection affixed to the terminus and providing point contact with
the strut in order to reduce the friction which must be overcome to
unlatch the lever from the strut.
A first relatively thick bimetal element 78 has one end portion as
at 79 affixed to the upper end of the strut as by rivets or other
suitable means. A second thinner bimetal element 80 has an upper
end portion secured to the other end of the first bimetal element
as by means of rivets or the like at 82. The free end of the
bimetal element 80 is disposed adjacent and immediately above the
upturned end portion 76 on the lever 73. The thicker bimetal
element 78 has an inner layer 84 having a relatively high rate of
expansion and an outer layer 85 having a relatively low coefficient
of expansion. Similarly, the bowed bimetal element 80 has an inner
layer 86 of a relatively high coefficient of expansion and an outer
layer 87 having a relatively low rate of expansion.
In operation, in event of a gradual temperature rise toward a high
predetermined value, the two bimetal elements tend to straighten
out at approximately similar rates. As a result, the joint 82 is
slightly elevated relative to the mounting 79, while the free end
of element 80 is slightly lowered relative to the joint 82. Thus
the free end stays approximately stationary and there is no effect
on the linkage. Ultimately, at some predetermined high temperature
value, the thicker bimetal element 78 ceases to respond so that the
joint 82 becomes stationary, while the thinner bimetal element
continues to respond and the free end thereof unlatches the lever
73 from behind the strut 71, breaking the linkage and setting the
disc 70 free.
In similar fashion, when there is a relatively high rate of
temperature rise, the thinner bimetal element 80 responds at a more
rapid rate than the thicker bimetal element 78, to unlatch the
lever 73 from behind the strut 71.
In FIGS. 3--5, where one bimetal is described as being thicker than
the other bimetal in order to obtain different responses from the
two bimetals, namely a slower response and a lesser response from
the thicker bimetal, with a faster response and a greater response
from the thinner bimetal, it should be understood that different
functions may be obtained from two bimetals in other ways as
described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2.
FIGS. 6 AND 7
In the construction of FIGS. 6 and 7, a valve closure disc 90 is
held in place by a strut 91 having a lower end portion engaging the
outer surface of the disc 90 and preferably seated in a groove
therein. A reverse generally C-shaped lever 92 has an upper end
portion engaging an adjustable fulcrum 93, an adjacent portion
engaging the upper end of strut 91, a lower end portion projecting
through an aperture 95 in the strut 91 and an upturned terminus 96
latched to hold the lever and the strut in position with the valve
disc closing the pipe outlet. Lever terminus 96 is latched behind a
lever 98 having a terminus 99 engaging terminus 96 and an
intermediate portion 100 bearing against the strut 91 adjacent the
upper edge of aperture 95. The upper end of lever 98 is backwardly
turned as at 101 to retain the end 102 of a link 103 which
terminates at its opposite end in a loop or eyelet 104.
The loop or eyelet 104 is engaged and held in place by the outer
end 106 of a spiral member having an inner end anchored on the
strut 91 as by means of a screw 107. The spiral consists of two
bimetallic elements joined together end to end. As illustrated, the
two bimetal elements have the same thickness, but have different
lengths. In particular, an inner bimetal element 109 has a longer
length than an outer bimetal element 110. The two bimetals each
include two layers of material of different coefficients of
expansion. The longer inner length of bimetal has the material of
low coefficient of expansion disposed inwardly and the material of
high coefficient of expansion disposed outwardly. The shorter outer
length of bimetal has the material of low coefficient of expansion
disposed outwardly and the material of high coefficient of
expansion disposed inwardly. In order to manufacture the spiral in
continuous form, one of the materials may be continuous throughout
the spiral and crossover from an outer position in one bimetal
element to an inner position in the other bimetal element. As
illustrated in FIG. 7, the material having a high coefficient of
expansion is continuous, and the crossover point is illustrated at
115. That is, the material 112 and 114 is a continuous strip
throughout the spiral, but disposed as an outer layer inwardly from
crossover 115 and an inner layer outwardly from crossover 115.
In operation, in the case of a relatively slow rate of temperature
rise below a predetermined high value, the two bimetallic elements
respond approximately similarly so that the crossover point 115
tends to move inwardly while the terminus 106 tends to move
outwardly at approximately the same rate so that there is no effect
on the linkage. After attainment of a predetermined high ambient
temperature, the longer inner bimetal element is wound upon itself
and thus ceases to function while the outer bimetal element
continues to expand, whereupon the terminus 106 is withdrawn from
the loop 104, releasing the linkage holding the disc 90.
In the event of a relatively high rate of temperature rise, the
shorter outer bimetal element expands at a more rapid rate than the
inner bimetal element contracts, as a result of which the terminus
106 is withdrawn from the loop 104, releasing the linkage.
FIGS. 8 AND 9
In FIGS. 8 and 9, a disc 120 is held in place by a strut 121 having
a lower end seated in a depression in the upper surface of the
disc. A lever 122 has an upper end engaging fulcrum 123, and
adjacent portion engaging the upper end of strut 121 and a lower
end carrying a projection in the form of an adjustable screw 125
having an enlarged terminus 126 illustrated as spherically shaped,
at the end of a reduced stem 127 projecting through an aperture 128
in the strut 121.
The linkage is held tight by a plurality of balls 130, three as
illustrated, positioned behind the enlarged terminus 126 and
abutting the strut 121. The balls are normally held in position be
means of a surrounding unclosed ring comprised of a pair of bimetal
elements 131 and 132. The bimetal elements 131 and 132 may be of
similar thickness and they may utilize similar materials, but they
are of different lengths and as illustrated they are connected
together as by spot welding illustrated at 134. The shorter bimetal
element 131 includes an outer layer 135 having a relatively low
coefficient of expansion and an inner layer 136 having a relatively
high rate of expansion, while the longer bimetal element 132
includes an outer layer 138 having a relatively high rate of
expansion and an inner layer 139 having relatively low coefficient
of expansion. If desired, the ring formed by the bimetal elements
may be secured to the strut 121 as by welding adjacent the place
where the two elements are connected together at 134.
In operation, the adjacent free ends of the bimetals 131 and 132
are movable relative to the joint 134. Thus, in event of a
relatively slow rate of temperature rise below a predetermined high
value, the curvature of the element 131 tends to decrease while the
curvature of the element 132 tends to increase at approximately the
same rate so that there is no effect on the linkage. Ultimately,
the shorter element 131 would cease to respond before the longer
element 132 ceases to respond. However, a stop in the form of a
bump or projection 140 in the path of the end of bimetal 132 limits
its movement while movement of 131 continues finally to the place
where the balls 130 are permitted to spread radially outwardly
sufficiently to release the enlarged spherical end 126 on the stem
127 whereby the lever 122 may be pivoted in a manner to unlatch the
linkage, releasing the disc 120 for water flow.
In the event of a relatively rapid rate of temperature rise, the
shorter bimetal element 131 expands more rapidly than the longer
bimetal 132 contracts and releases the spheres 130.
* * * * *