U.S. patent number 3,797,705 [Application Number 05/356,370] was granted by the patent office on 1974-03-19 for locking means for shipper type liquid dispensers.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Diamond International Corporation. Invention is credited to Rex C. Cooprider.
United States Patent |
3,797,705 |
Cooprider |
March 19, 1974 |
LOCKING MEANS FOR SHIPPER TYPE LIQUID DISPENSERS
Abstract
The actuator of the dispensing device which is movable through
an opening in the closure cap of the container is provided with a
generally stiff radially deflectible locking finger extending in
the direction of the actuator movement with its free end adapted
for radial deflection into and from an operative position in which
the free end is in abutting engagement with the upper axial end of
the annular abutment. In the released or inoperative position, the
finger extends and is freely movable in a space provided between
the actuator and the annular abutment which encircles it.
Cooperating cam means on the finger and the abutment are operative
in one direction of rotation of the actuator to urge the free end
of the finger radially outwardly to locking position and are
operative in the reverse direction of rotation of the actuator to
urge the fingers radially inwardly toward released position. This
invention relates to improvements in molded plastic liquid
dispensers such as are commonly used for dispensing various liquid
or flowable products from small hand held portable containers and
has for an object the provision of improved and simplified locking
means for immobilizing the actuator of the dispenser to prevent
inadvertent discharge or leakage of the product either during
shipping or when the container is wholly or partially inverted.
Although particularly applicable to reciprocable dispensing pumps,
the invention is also applicable to the movable actuators of
dispensing valves, such as are commonly used on pressurized or
aerosol type containers. More specifically the invention is
intended for incorporation in dispenser actuators such as
reciprocable pump plungers which are spring projected to their
fully raised position to activate sealing means which are rendered
operative in such position and in which dispensing of the liquid
product results from downward displacement of the actuator whether
it be a movable valve element or a pump plunger. A typical
dispensing pump of the type here involved and over which the
present invention constitutes an improvement is that which is
disclosed in the U. S. Pat. of Wire and Corsette No. 3,247,849 of
Apr. 26, 1966, in which the pump plunger when in its raised
position effects a seal to prevent discharge of the product and
which is normally held in its raised position by locking means in
the form of a separable overcap threaded onto the upper end of the
pump plunger with its lower end thrusting against the container cap
or closure through which the plunger is guided for operative
movement. Such an overcap is required to be separately produced and
applied to the other pump components and must be manually
disassembled therefrom in order to render the pump operative for
dispensing purposes. However in accordance with the present
invention, the locking means are incorporated as integral portions
respectively of the movable actuator and the container closure
through which the actuator is movable, thus eliminating the need
for separately formed and assembled locking components, with
resulting economy of production. Moreover in accordance with the
present invention, the locking means may selectively be rendered
either operative or inoperative merely by angular movement of the
actuator in the proper direction. Broadly speaking, in accordance
with the present invention, the locking means comprises an annular
abutment formed on and preferably integrally with the closure cap
through which the dispensing pump plunger or other actuator is
operatively movable, together with a locking finger, the upper end
of which is fixed to the actuator. In the fully raised position of
the actuator, the free lower end of the finger terminates at the
level of the upper axial end of the annular abutment and the finger
has sufficient flexibility to permit radial deflection of its free
depending end either to overlie and abut against the upper axial
end surface of the annular abutment for locking the actuator in
raised position, or alternatively, may be positioned for free
reception and movement between the plunger and the annular abutment
to permit operative movement of the actuator for dispensing
purposes. Cooperating cam means on the fingers and the abutment are
operative in one direction of rotation of the actuator to urge the
free end of the finger or fingers radially outwardly to locking
position and are operative in the reverse direction of rotation of
the actuator to urge the fingers radially inwardly toward
inoperative or released position. In addition to the features above
enumerated, the invention in its preferred form incorporates
certain other desirable features and advantages. Thus in its
preferred version, the locking means includes an arrangement
whereby rotation of the actuator to bring the finger or fingers
thereof into locking position also transmits an axial thrust
through the finger or fingers to urge the actuator upwardly
somewhat beyond its normal spring projected position to enhance the
effectiveness of its seal, and to frictionally maintain its
rotational position. Also in the preferred embodiment, the locking
means is fully concealed and protected at all times whereby both to
shield the same against entry of foreign matter or objects, and
also to permit an enhanced aesthetic appearance of the dispenser.
Also in the preferred embodiment, the locking means strongly
reenforces the movable actuator against tilting or bending as by
external forces applied to its upper extremity in directions
transverse to its intended operative movement. In the accompanying
drawing and description, there is disclosed in detail the preferred
embodiment of the invention as applied specifically to a dispensing
pump. To facilitate an understanding of the invention, various
features of the pump as well as the locking means are described in
considerable detail. However by such specific description it is by
no means intended to limit the invention in any way except as might
be required by the appended claims, nor is it intended to restrict
the invention to pumps, since the application thereof to dispensing
valves for pressurized containers will be obvious to persons of
average skill in the art.
Inventors: |
Cooprider; Rex C. (Hacienda
Heights, CA) |
Assignee: |
Diamond International
Corporation (New York, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
23401191 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/356,370 |
Filed: |
May 2, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
222/153.13;
222/384; 222/402.11; 222/320 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B05B
11/3059 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B05B
11/00 (20060101); B65d 047/34 (); B65d
083/14 () |
Field of
Search: |
;222/153,320,321,384,402.11 ;239/333 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Reeves; Robert B.
Assistant Examiner: Handren; Frederick R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Watson, Cole, Grindle &
Watson
Claims
Having thus described my invention, I claim:
1. A container supported liquid dispensing device of the class in
which an actuator rotatable about a vertical axis is disposed for
axial movement through an opening in the container closure and
spring biased upwardly through said opening to a predetermined
raised position to be operated by downward finger pressure on its
external upper end; said closure including an annular abutment
encircling said actuator and spaced radially therefrom, the upper
end of said annular abutment defining an annular locking surface
concentric to said axis in a radial plane thereof, said actuator
comprising a radially deflectible locking finger extending
substantially parallel thereto and fixed adjacent its upper end to
said actuator, the said finger including a depending free end
normally terminating at substantially the level of said locking
surface when the actuator is in its predetermined raised position;
said finger normally being received for free rotary and axial
movement in the space between said annular abutment and the
actuator; a first means responsive to angular movement of said
actuator in a first direction around its axis for urging the free
end of the finger radially outwardly from said space for endwise
abutment with said upper end of the wall; and a second means
responsive to angular movement of said actuator in a second
direction around its axis for urging the free end of said finger
radially inwardly to said space.
2. A container supported dispensing device as defined in claim 1 in
which said first means comprises cam means respectively on said
finger and said annular abutment.
3. A container supported dispensing device as defined in claim 2 in
which said second means comprises cooperating cam surfaces on said
finger and said abutment respectively.
4. container supported dispensing device as defined in claim 1 in
which said upper end of the annular abutment includes concentric
raised rings radially inwardly and outwardly respectively of said
locking surface and therewith defining an upwardly directed groove
for reception of the free end of said finger, said inner ring being
formed with a notch therethrough above said locking surface, said
finger in its released position being deflected resiliently
radially inwardly by said abutment for resilient outward movement
into said notch when moved angularly into registry therewith; said
finger having a generally radially inwardly presented cam surface
and said inner ring being formed with a generally radially
outwardly presented inclined cam surface at one edge of the notch,
said cam surfaces being positioned and conformed for coaction to
urge said finger radially outwardly through the notch responsive to
angular movement of the actuator in said first direction.
5. A container supported dispensing device as defined in claim 4 in
which said inner ring is provided with a generally radially
inwardly directed cam surface and said finger is provided with a
generally radially outwardly directed cam surface for cooperation
therewith in the said second direction of angular movement of the
actuator.
6. A container supported dispensing device as defined in claim 5
including a radially inward protuberance on the outer said guide
ring opposite said notch for initially urging the depending free
end of said finger into the notch incident to rotation of the
finger and actuator in said second angular direction.
7. A container supported dispensing device as defined in claim 4
wherein the portion of the said locking surface angularly
co-extensive with said notch is depressed relative to the remainder
of said locking surface to facilitate radial movement of the finger
through said ntoch, and is joined to the remainder of said notch,
surface by an inclined ramp for thrusting camming engagement with
the said finger to exert an axial upward thrust on the
actuator.
8. A container supported dispensing device as defined in claim 2,
including a plurality of said fingers in angularly spaced relation
around said axis for sequential cooperaton with said first means
and said second means.
9. A container supported dispensing device as defined in claim 8
including a plurality of said locking fingers in angularly spaced
concentric relation around the said axis of the actuator, and a
plurality of said notches also in angularly spaced relation in said
inner guide ring of the annular locking abutment.
10. In a container supported dispensing pump of the class in which
the pump plunger is disposed for reciprocation through an opening
in a container closure and normally spring biased upwardly through
said opening to a predetermined fully raised position, the
improvements which comprise an annular abutment concentrically
surrounding said plunger and spaced radially therefrom, said
plunger comprising an axially directed locking finger affixed to
the plunger, said locking finger being resiliently radially
deflectible and having a free end depending in the direction of the
plunger movement, said annular abutment having an upwardly directed
annular locking surface in a plane transverse to the plunger
movement and at a level for abutting engagement by the free end of
said finger in the fully raised position of the plunger; said
abutment normally radially confining the free end of the finger
whereby same is biased radially outwardly against the abutment; an
inner guide ring on said abutment projecting above and
concentrically to said locking surface, said ring having a gap
therethrough to permit radial outward movement of said finger;
means on said guide ring and said finger respectively for
cooperation responsive to movement of the plunger and finger in a
first angular direction for urging said finger radially outwardly
through said gap for endwise abutment with the said locking
surface; and further means on said finger and said abutment
respectively for urging said finger radially inwardly through said
gap responsive to angular movement of said plunger and finger in a
second angular direction.
11. The combination defined in claim 10 wherein said first
mentioned means and said further means both comprise cam means.
12. The combination of claim 11 including an outer guide ring
spaced radially outwardly from and concentric to said inner guide
ring on the opposite sides of said locking surface from the inner
guide ring to confine the free end of the finger between said guide
rings during relative rotary movement of the finger and
plunger.
13. The combination of claim 12 including a radially inward
protuberance on the inner face of said outer guide ring,
substantially opposite said notch for deflecting the free end of
the finger into said notch as the finger moves over said
protuberance, said finger and said inner guide ring being provided
with cooperating cam surfaces operative responsive to rotary
movement of the plunger in said second direction for urging the
finger radially inwardly completely through said gap and into the
space between said plunger and the abutment.
14. The combination of claim 13 wherein the plunger includes a
plurality of said fingers in circumferentially spaced relation for
successive movement through said gap for operative engagement at a
plurality of locations around the circumference of said locking
surface, whereby to resist tilting of the plunger.
Description
In the accompanying drawing:
FIG. 1 represents a vertical cross sectional view of an axial plane
of the preferred embodiment of a dispensing pump incorporating the
invention, with the pump plunger or actuator locked in its raised
and sealed position.
FIG. 2 also is a sectional view of the structure shown at FIG. 1,
but in an axial plane at substantially right angles to FIG. 1, and
with the locking means inactivated and the actuator or plunger
depressed fully to its lowermost or innermost position at the end
of its discharge stroke.
FIGS. 3 and 4 respectively are sectional views on lines 3--3 and
4--4 of FIGS. 1 and 2.
Referring now in detail to the accompanying drawing, I have therein
illustrated the invention as applied to a generally known type of
dispensing pump of the type such as is disclosed in the U. S. Pat.
to Cooprider No. 3,361,078, in which the plunger is spring
projected upwardly to a predetermined fully raised position in
which seals are established to prevent discharge of liquid from the
pump chamber either upwardly through the hollow plunger or
externally thereof. As is illustrated fragmentally in FIG. 1, the
actuator or plunger 10 comprises a hollow plunger tube 12 which is
guided for movement through an opening in the closure cap 13 here
defined by a depending collar or flange 14 integral with the cap. A
pump piston 15 carried at the lower end of the plunger is disposed
for axial reciprocation in a pump cylinder 16 so that on each
downward stroke, liquid from a pump chamber (not shown) within the
cylinder is urged upwardly through the plunger tube and expelled
through a spray head or other discharge head 18 affixed to the
upper end of the plunger tube. As is usual it will be understood
that the plunger is normally spring projected upwardly to its fully
raised or projected position as shown in FIG. 1 and is adapted for
reciprocation by intermittent downward pressure on the upper
surface of the discharge head 18. It will be understood that the
piston is hollow and communicates through the plunger tube 12 with
the discharge head, so that liquid product from the dispenser is
discharged into the atmosphere through a spray orifice 17 in the
plunger discharge head. As in the Cooprider U.S. Pat. No. 3,361,078
and/or the Wise et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,247,849, the upward movement
of the plunger is limited by sealing engagement of the upwardly
directed piston skirt 20 with the downwardly projecting lower edge
of the plunger guide collar or sleeve 14 of the container cap 13.
At the same time that the upwardly directed piston skirt and the
plunger guide sleeve cooperate to establish such an external seal
around the plunger, sealing means (not shown) within the plunger
cooperate to establish an internal seal preventing upward passage
of liquid through the plunger tube and upwardly through the spray
head.
Since a suitable such internal sealing arrangement is fully
disclosed in the Cooprider U. S. Pat. No. 3,361,078 together with
suitable valving and other details of an operative pump structure,
it has been deemed unnecessary to specifically illustrate these
conventional features in the present application.
As will be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, the container closure or closure
cap 13 is provided with an internally threaded skirt 13 which
merely exemplifies any of various suitable conventional means for
securing it over the neck of a container of the particular flowable
product which is to be dispensed. In this instance, as in the
Cooprider U.S. Pat. No. 3,361,078, the pump cylinder 16 is secured
within the cap by means of a radial flange 21 at its upper end
which is clamped between the top of the cap and the end of the
bottleneck to which the container cap is applied. In the form
illustrated the cap 13 is of a molded plastic construction.
Projecting upwardly from the top wall of the cap concentrically to
the plunger tube and its axis of reciprocation, is an annular wall
or abutment 22 constituting one of the major components of the
locking means of the invention. In the instant embodiment, the
abutment is shown as hollow simply for purposes of economizing on
the material employed.
It will be noted that the annular abutment 22 is spaced radially
outwardly from and concentrically to the encircled plunger tube to
define between the plunger tube 12 and the encircling abutment 22
an upwardly opening inner well 23 for reception and movement of the
locking fingers 25 of the pump plunger or actuator during the
released or inactivated condition of the locking means as more
fully hereinafter described. The upper axially presented end of the
annular wall 22 is formed with upwardly open channel or groove,
defined by a bottom 26 and by inner and outer rims or guide rings
27 and 29. The groove bottom 26 constitutes an annular locking
surface disposed in a radial plane of the plunger and plunger tube
for abutment by the locking fingers 25 in the radially outwardly
projected operative locking position of the fingers 25 as shown in
FIG. 1 and as hereinafter described. It will be seen from FIG. 2
that when the locking means are released or inactivated to permit
reciprocation of the plunger, the locking fingers 25 are deflected
inwardly and confined within the well 23 or in other words, within
the inner periphery of the annular abutment 22 so as to be freely
vertically reciprocable therein throughout the range of operative
reciprocation of the plunger. However in the activated condition of
the locking means to maintain the plunger in its fully raised
sealed position, the locking fingers are received and radially
confined or guided in the groove with their depending free ends in
abutting axial engagement with the bottom wall 26 of the groove. It
will be apparent moreover that the locking fingers 25 are rotatable
along or through the groove incident to rotation of the plunger and
the discharge head of which they constitute integral portions.
Rotation of the plunger and discharge head is freely permitted by
rotary disposition of the plunger piston 15 within its associated
cylinder 16 and of the plunger tube 12 within its guide collar or
bearing 14.
It is an important feature of the invention that there is provided
a first means responsive to angular movement of the plunger or
actuator 10 in a first direction around its axis for urging the
fingers 25 radially outwardly from the inner well 23 to endwise
locking engagement with the locking ring or surface 26 of the
annular abutment 22 and, in addition, there is provided a second
means responsive to angular movement of the actuator in a second or
reverse direction for urging the free ends of the fingers 25
radially inwardly into the well 23 to inactivated or unlocked
positions.
For permitting radially outward deflection of the free ends of the
fingers 25 from the well 23, there are provided one or more notches
or gaps 28 through the inner groove wall or raised ring 27 of the
abutment into axial engagement and locking relation with the
locking surface defined by the bottom 26 of the groove. Preferably
each such notch 28 has a radially inwardly and downwardly inclined
lead-in ramp 31 for facilitating entry of the finger ends
thereinto.
At corresponding circumferential ends of the respective notches 28,
the groove wall or ring 27 is provided with spirally, inwardly
inclined outer cam surfaces 32 which cooperate with relatively
opposing cam surfaces 33 at the free lower ends of the respective
fingers to cam the said fingers outwardly through the notches 28
and into the groove responsive in the present instance to angular
movement of the fingers and plunger in a counterclockwise direction
as seen in FIG. 3.
When they are radially confined within the well 23, the fingers 25
at their free lower ends will be resiliently radially outwardly
biased for initial entry into the notches 28 sufficiently to
interengage their cam surfaces 33 with the cooperating cam surfaces
32 of the inner guide ring 27. For a circumferential distance
substantially co-extensive with each notch 28, the floor or bottom
portion of the groove 26 is of somewhat increased depth so as to
lie slightly below the remaining predominant portion of the groove
bottom whereby to facilitate initial passage of the fingers 25
through the notches into operative locking position. These
depressed portions of the groove bottom or floor then merge with
the relatively higher portions thereof by way of inclined ramps 34
which during subsequent angular movement of the plunger head and
fingers functions to cam the plunger axially upwardly, thereby
inserting increased pressure on its axially abutting inner and
outer seals, to enhance their sealing function. The increased axial
thrust of the fingers against the groove bottom 26 also increases
the frictional drag for maintaining the actuator in its locked
angular position.
For urging the depending free ends of the fingers 25 radially
inwardly back through the notch or notches 28 to released or
unlocked position within the well 23, the outer groove wall or ring
29 is provided opposite each of the notches 28 with a radially
inward protuberance 36 which coacts with inclined radially
outwardly presented return cam surfaces 37 on the free ends of the
fingers to urge said fingers into the notch sufficiently that said
return cam surfaces 37 thereon may interengage with the radially
inwardly directed cam surface 38 on the end of each notch wall
opposite the expansion surface 32. These cooperating return cam
surfaces, as will be seen from FIGS. 3 and 4 are arranged for
cooperation in response to clockwise angular movement of the
plunger and locking fingers, to urge the locking fingers 25
radially inwardly through the notch or notches 28 into the well 23
to released or unlocked positions permitting free reciprocation of
the plunger 10.
It will be apparent that there need be but a single locking finger
25 and a single notch 28 for cooperation therewith, considering the
invention from a broad standpoint. However, in the preferred
embodiment there are three such locking fingers 25 which preferably
comprise integrally molded portions of the discharge head spaced
uniformly apart at a 120.degree., thus to contact the angular
locking surface or bottom of the groove at angularly spaced uniform
intervals to strongly resist any tilting or canting of the plunger
resulting from external blows or forces which might otherwise
damage it. Moreover the radial confining of the finger ends within
the locking groove between the inner and outer guide rings 27 and
29 enables them to reenforce the plunger against damage or
deflection by forces tending to displace the plunger head 18
radially to its axis of reciprocation. The discharge head and
fingers are molded as a unit from any suitable plastic or other
material having sufficient resiliency to permit the desired radial
deflection of the fingers 25.
Where but a single notch 28 is employed, the same will cooperate
successively with each of the plurality of locking fingers 25,
either to activate or release them. But it has been found desirable
to provide at least two such notches, the two illustrated notches
being spaced angularly at a 180.degree., to reduce the amount of
angular movement that is required to activate or deactivate the
locking mechanism. Thus in the preferred form shown, it will be
apparent that all three of the locking fingers will be activated or
deactivated by a maximum angular movement of the plunger and
fingers through an angle only slightly greater than
180.degree..
To conceal and protect the locking means, it is desirable to
provide the cap with an upwardly directed annular shroud 39 for
telescopic reception of a depending skirt 40 of the plunger.
Containers filled with the product to be dispensed will normally be
sold with the container cap and pump of the invention applied
thereto, the filled container normally being shipped with the pump
plunger in fully raised and locked sealing position as illustrated
in FIG. 1. In such position it is amply able to resist substantial
forces tending to depress the plunger to accidentally expel the
liquid contents of the container. Moreover it is capable of
resisting substantial lateral forces which might otherwise damage
it. At the same time when employed with a pump of the type such as
disclosed in the aformentioned Cooprider U.S. Pat. No. 3,361,078
which is fully sealed when in the raised position, it exerts upward
force to maintain the seals fully operatively engaged at all
times.
In order to place the dispensing pump in readiness for use to
dispense part of the container contents, it is necessary only to
rotate the discharge head through approximately 180.degree. in a
clockwise direction as seen in FIG. 3. Responsive to such rotation,
as each finger 25 moves abreast of a notch 28 in the inner guide
ring 27 of the abutment 22, its outwardly presented cam surface 37
engages the cam surface or protuberance 36 of the outer wall 29
which thus causes initial entry of the finger into the notch.
Continued rotation will cause its outwardly presented cam surface
37 to engage the inwardly presented retracting cam surface 38 of
the inner guide ring at the edge of the notch and thus to be moved
into and confined within the inner well 23. When sufficient
rotation has occurred to thus move all of the fingers radially into
the inner well to their released or inactivated positions, the pump
plunger may be freely reciprocated by intermittent finger pressure
on its upper end to expel as much of the contents of the container
as may be desired.
Upon completion of the use when the finger pressure on the plunger
is released and it is spring projected to its fully raised sealing
position of FIG. 1, it may be readily locked in such position
merely be clockwise rotation of the dispensing head and fingers
through an angle only slightly greater than 180.degree..
Since in the unlocked or released position, the several locking
fingers will have been resiliently inwardly deflected and confined
by the inner wall of the abutment, as each finger 25 is brought
opposite a notch 28, its resilient outward bias will initially
project it radially outwardly into the notch sufficiently for its
inner cam face 33 or surface to engage the outwardly presented
coacting cam surface 32 at the edge of the notch to be thereby
urged outwardly fully into the groove and in axially abutting
relation with the locking surface 26 at the bottom of the groove.
Note that the sloping bottom 31 of each notch merging with the
relatively depressed bottom portion of the groove co-extensive with
that notch will facilitate full radially outward passage of the
finger through the notch, following which its engagement with the
inclined ramp portion 34 of the notch during continued rotation
will raise it to the relatively higher groove bottom 26 in a secure
locking position.
* * * * *