U.S. patent number 3,782,011 [Application Number 05/295,242] was granted by the patent office on 1974-01-01 for safety sole for sport shoe.
Invention is credited to Raymond F. Fisher.
United States Patent |
3,782,011 |
Fisher |
January 1, 1974 |
SAFETY SOLE FOR SPORT SHOE
Abstract
A safety sole for a football shoe is described which
substantially reduces injuries to a player's ankle or knee without
detracting from the shoe's ability to provide the player with firm
footing. Rather than the ground engaging cleats of the shoe being
rigidly secured to the remainder of the shoe, they are secured
thereto through a flat, zig-zag spring having a resistance to
deformation chosen to prevent movement of the shoe with respect to
the cleats under normal playing conditions, but enable limited,
resisted movement of such shoe with respect to the cleats upon the
shoe being subjected to lateral forces exceeding a predetermined
value.
Inventors: |
Fisher; Raymond F. (Berkeley,
CA) |
Family
ID: |
23136847 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/295,242 |
Filed: |
October 5, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
36/59R; 36/134;
36/128 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A43C
15/168 (20130101); A43C 15/161 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A43C
15/16 (20060101); A43C 15/00 (20060101); A43b
023/28 () |
Field of
Search: |
;36/2.5R,2.5AG,59R,61,1 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Lawson; Patrick D.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Zimmerman; C. Michael
Claims
I claim:
1. A safety sole for a sport shoe comprising non-slip ground
engaging means for anchoring the foot of a player against lateral
movement with respect to a playing surface, and a resilient
coupling securing said ground engaging means to the remainder of
said shoe for limited movement of said shoe with respect to said
ground engaging means upon said shoe being subjected to a lateral
force exceeding a predetermined value, said resilient coupling
limiting said movement to translational movement of said ground
engaging means transversely with respect to the remainder of said
shoe.
2. A safety sole for a sport shoe comprising non-slip ground
engaging means for anchoring the foot of a player against lateral
movement with respect to a playing surface, and a resilient
coupling securing said ground engaging means to the remainder of
said shoe for limited movement of said shoe with respect to said
ground engaging means upon said shoe being subjected to a lateral
force exceeding a predetermined value, said resilient coupling
being resistive to said limited movement and imparting a position
restoring force to said shoe which increases directly with said
limited movement to thereby provide gradual absorption of said
force by the ankle and knee of the player.
3. The safety sole of claim 2 for a sport shoe wherein said
resilient coupling includes a spring which is compressed by said
limited movement to provide said position restoring force.
4. The safety sole of claim 3 for a sport shoe wherein said spring
is a generally flat spring providing resistance to deformation
transversely of said shoe, which spring is secured to said ground
engaging means at spaced apart locations on opposite sides of the
longitudinal axis of said shoe and to said shoe generally on said
longitudinal axis, whereby said spring provides said increasing
restoring force to said shoe in response to lateral forces on said
shoe in either lateral direction with respect thereto.
5. The safety sole of claim 4 for a sport shoe wherein said spring
is in the form of a metal rod which is bent from one side to the
other and extends generally transverse with respect to said
shoe.
6. The safety sole of claim 5 for a sport shoe wherein said
non-slip ground engaging means includes a plate secured to said
spring at said spaced locations on opposite sides of said
longitudinal axis of said shoe, and a pair of cleats which extend
outwardly from said plate at spaced transverse locations with
respect to said shoe for said ground engagement.
7. The safety sole of claim 6 for a sport shoe wherein said
non-slip ground engaging means includes spaced along the length of
said shoe a plurality of said plates from which a pair of cleats
extends and said resilient coupling includes for each of said
plates one of said flat springs secured thereto at spaced locations
on opposite sides of said longitudinal axis of said shoe, which
springs are each secured to said shoe generally on said
longitudinal axis.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to sport shoes and, more particularly, to a
safety sole for such a shoe which reduces the possibility of
lateral forces injuring the lower limb of the wearer without
interfering with the shoe's ability to provide non-slip engagement
with a playing surface.
In most fast moving sports, it is necessary that the participant's
foot be in non-slip engagement with a playing surface. For example,
firm footing is a necessity for the fast changes of body motion
required in games such as tennis, basketball and football. Special
shoes have therefore been developed to provide the desired,
non-slip ground engagement. Such shoes are in general quite
effective for this purpose. In fact, they are almost too effective.
That is, it is not unusual for a participant's knee or ankle to be
injured because the foot is so firmly held in position laterally
with respect to the ground that it cannot give way under impact, or
in response to an excessively forceful movement of the participant.
This problem is particularly acute in body contact sports, such as
football and the like in which many severe impacts can be expected.
In this connection, it should be noted that the cleats on football
shoes prevent substantially all lateral slippage of the foot with
respect to the playing surface so that the full force of lateral
impacts must be absorbed by the ankle and knee.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a sole for a sport shoe which
substantially reduces the possibility of injury to a player's ankle
or knee because of lateral forces on his leg while at the same time
not interfering with the firm footing required to effectively
participate in a sport. In its broader aspects, the safety sole of
the invention includes, as is usual, a non-slip ground engaging
means, such as a plurality of cleats for anchoring the foot of the
player against lateral movement with respect to the playing
surface. However, rather than such ground engaging means being
directly and rigidly secured to the remainder of the sport shoe, a
resilient coupling is provided between the ground engaging means
and the shoe to enable limited movement of the shoe with respect to
the ground engaging means upon the shoe being subjected to a
lateral force exceeding a predetermined value. The value of the
force which must be exceeded prior to the limited movement being
permitted, is chosen so that the ground engaging means is generally
rigid with respect to the foot of the player to permit normal play.
It is only exceeded upon a lateral force being transferred to the
shoe by the leg of the player which is in excess of that which it
is expected the player can withstand without laterally moving his
foot to avoid injury. The particular value of the force will depend
upon the sport being played and the weight and strength of the
player.
Most desirably, the resilient coupling is resistive to the limited
movement and imparts a position restoring force to the shoe which
increases directly with the limited movement. This will provide
gradual absorption of the force by the knee and ankle of the player
as the coupling permits such movement. Since it is often a sharp
impact to a leg or foot which causes injury, this gradual
absorption increases the probability that the sole of the invention
will prevent injury.
The invention includes other features and advantages which will
become more apparent from the following more detailed description
of a preferred embodiment.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
With reference to the accompanying single sheet of drawing:
FIG. 1 is an elevation view illustrating a preferred embodiment of
a safety sole of the invention on a sport shoe;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged, sectional view taken on a plane indicated by
the lines 2--2 in FIG. 1, illustrating details of the construction
of the safety sole; and
FIG. 3 is an enlarged, partial view of the sport shoe of FIG. 1
illustrating parts of the safety sole exploded therefrom.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
With reference to the drawing, a football shoe 11 is illustrated
with a preferred embodiment of a safety sole of the invention,
generally referred to by the reference numeral 12. The shoe 11
includes, as is usual, an upper portion 13 for enclosing the foot
of a wearer, an inner sole (not shown), and an intermediate sole 14
to which the safety sole of the invention is secured. The safety
sole includes conventional non-slip ground engaging means in the
form of a toe cleat 16 and spaced apart pairs of heel and ball
cleats 17. As is illustrated, one pair of the cleats 17 is provided
for the heel of the wearer's foot, whereas two pairs of such cleats
are provided on the sole for the ball of the wearer's foot.
Conventionally, the cleats on a football shoe are rigidly secured
thereto. As mentioned before, although such a rigid arrangement
will provide the firm engagement of a player's foot to the playing
field required for effective play of football, it will also in many
cases prevent the player's foot from giving way under the force of
a severe impact, with the result that the player's ankle or knee is
injured. As a particularly salient feature of the instant
invention, the safety sole includes a resilient coupling between
the shoe 11 and each of the ball and heel cleats 17 which allows
limited movement of the shoe with respect to the cleats, and,
hence, the playing surface, upon a lateral force being applied to
the shoe exceeding a predetermined value so that, in effect, the
player's foot does "give way" when subjected to a severe impact or
a driving force sufficiently strong to cause injury. The coupling
accomplishes this without adversely affecting the normal firm
footing provided by the cleats during play. More particularly, each
pair of the cleats 17 are secured via threaded posts 18, spacers 19
and nuts 21 to a bar or plate 22 which extends generally
transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis of the shoe,
which axis is indicated by the line 23 in FIG. 1. Each plate 22, in
turn, is coupled to the intermediate sole 14 of the shoe by a flat
spring 24. As is illustrated, each spring 24 is in the form of a
metal rod which is bent from one side to the other, i.e., in
zig-zag form, and extends generally transversely of the shoe. Such
springs add a minimum of thickness to the shoe sole while at the
same time providing the desired resilient coupling between the
cleats and the shoe as will become more apparent hereinafter.
Each plate 22 is secured to its associated spring 24 at spaced
locations on opposite sides of the longitudinal axis 23 of the
shoe. To this end, a pair of spaced apart pins 26 project from each
plate 22 to locations in the respective end loops of the spring.
The plates and spring ends are thus secured for movement together
in directions transversely of the shoe.
Each of the springs is secured to the intermediate sole 14 via a
stud 27 which projects from such intermediate sole from a position
generally on the longitudinal axis 23 of the shoe. As best
illustrated in FIG. 2, such pin extends between, and in contact
with, the bent portions of the rod forming the central loop
thereof. The studs and springs thus define the normal positions of
the plates 22 and, hence, of the cleats 17 with respect to the
remainder of the shoe.
Each of the spring and plate combinations fits within an associated
cavity 28 defined by a gasket outer sole 29 of the sole. A cover
plate 31 is secured over each of the cavities to enclose the same
and hold the plate 22 in proper position. The cleat posts 18 of
each pair of cleats 17 extend to the plate 22 to which they are
secured through appropriately located slots 32 in the associated
cover plate 31. As is illustrated, the slots 32 are elongated
transversely of the shoe to enable transverse movement of the
cleats with respect to the cover plate and the shoe.
In use, a football shoe having the sole of the invention secured
thereto is worn in the conventional manner. It will be noted that
the construction of the resilient coupling is such that movement of
the shoe relative to the cleats 17 in a direction along the
longitudinal axis of the shoe is always prevented. Thus, the
rigidity of the cleats with respect to the shoe during forward
driving movements, the major kind of movement in which firm footing
is required are not adversely affected by the resilient coupling.
Moreover, lateral movement of the shoe with respect to the cleats
in a direction transversely of the shoe is also prevented to the
extent the force causing such movement does not exceed the force
value required to compress the spring 24. It will be appreciated
that the value of such force will depend, among other things, on
the material and thickness of the rod from which each spring is
made and the configuration into which the rod is formed, including
the number of bands and the spacing between adjacent bands.
The predetermined value of force to which the spring is responsive
will depend upon the weight and strength of the particular player.
For example, the predetermined value chosen for a shoe designed for
use by professional football players was 400 pounds. That is, the
spring was constructed with the strength required for it to
withstand the application through the stud 27 of 400 pounds to its
center loop before allowing movement. Upon such force being
exceeded, the spring will allow the limited movement, but will
resist the same and impart a restoring force to the stud to again
locate the cleats 17 in their normal position relative to the shoe.
Because of the construction of the spring, such restoring force
will increase directly with respect to the amount of such movement.
Thus, the spring acts to gradually absorb any force causing the
movement and thus reduce the effect of the force on the ankle and
knee of the wearer.
It should be noted that because of the particular manner in which
the spring is connected between the shoe and the cleats, it will
permit force in either direction transversely of the shoe, i.e.,
from left to right or from right to left as viewed in FIG. 1, to be
absorbed. That is, the spring will be compressed on any force in
either of such directions exceeding the predetermined value and
will apply a force tending to restore the position of the shoe with
respect to the cleats which increases as the amount of movement
increases.
Although the invention has been described in connection with a
preferred embodiment, it will be appreciated that various changes
and modifications can be made without departing from its spirit.
For example, rather than each of the cover plates being a flat
plate as illustrated, it can be made cup-shaped to define the
cavity for the spring and cleat plate associated therewith so as to
eliminate the need for the gasket sole. Moreover, although the
invention is described in connection with a football shoe, it is
equally applicable to other types of shoes, including ones having
non-slip ground engaging means different than cleats. It is
therefore intended that the coverage afforded applicant be limited
only by the claims and their equivalents.
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