U.S. patent number 3,777,086 [Application Number 05/297,168] was granted by the patent office on 1973-12-04 for equipment on the human body for giving signals, especially in connection with alarm systems.
Invention is credited to Otto Riedo.
United States Patent |
3,777,086 |
Riedo |
December 4, 1973 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
EQUIPMENT ON THE HUMAN BODY FOR GIVING SIGNALS, ESPECIALLY IN
CONNECTION WITH ALARM SYSTEMS
Abstract
The invention provides equipment for use on the human body, for
giving signal, especially in alarm systems, comprising a vehicle
for attachment to a limb of the human body, and an actuating
instrument incorporated in said vehicle and adapted to respond to
movements of said vehicle such that a change of position of said
limb and of said vehicle affects the actuating instrument to give
an alarm.
Inventors: |
Riedo; Otto (8048 Zurich,
CH) |
Family
ID: |
23145137 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/297,168 |
Filed: |
October 12, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
200/52R; 36/137;
200/DIG.2; 340/574 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A43B
3/36 (20220101); H01H 35/003 (20130101); G08B
13/10 (20130101); A43B 3/34 (20220101); A43B
3/00 (20130101); Y10S 200/02 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A43B
3/00 (20060101); G08B 13/10 (20060101); G08B
13/02 (20060101); H01H 35/00 (20060101); H01h
003/14 () |
Field of
Search: |
;200/52,DIG.2
;340/276,277,279 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Schaefer; Robert K.
Assistant Examiner: Smith; William J.
Claims
I claim:
1. Apparatus for surreptitiously sounding an alarm comprising in
combination:
a. at least one item of footwear each of which includes;
1. switch means which is at least in part operatively connected to
one said footwear item,
2. means responsive to movement of a portion of a foot supported
within said footwear item relative to the rest of the foot for
actuating said switch means to selectively open and close an
electrical circuit, and
b. means controlled by said electrical circuit for providing a
distinctive signal.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said controlled means is
responsive to the flexing of a toe on the foot supported within
said footwear item to move a first element of said switch means
into electrical conductive engagement with a second element of said
switch means.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said footwear item comprises a
shoe and said switch means comprises first and second electrically
conductive elements connected to a liner element supported on the
inner sole surface of the shoe.
4. The apparatus according to claim 3 wherein said liner element is
flexible and said first and second conductive elements are attached
thereto at spaced positions one from another when said liner
element is flat, said first and second conductive elements being
brought into electrical contact upon flexing of said liner element
is response to flexing of a toe of the foot.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said switch means
comprises first and second conductive elements at least one of
which comprises a spring-loaded flexible member adapted to be
gripped by the toe and displaced toward the other said conductive
element.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 where said switch means comprises first
and second conductive elements, the first of said conductive
elements including a spring-loaded element operatively connected to
an associated contact member, said spring-loaded element being
engagable by a toe of the foot and moveable longitudinally of the
sole of the footwear item into engagement with another contact
member included in said switch means.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 which includes two footwear items, one
for each foot, and each including said switch means and said means
responsive to foot movement for actuating said switch means, said
controlled means being responsive only to the concurrent actuation
of said switch means associated with both said respective two
footwear items to provide said distinctive signal.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 which includes two items of footwear,
one for each foot, and each including said switch means and said
means responsive to movement of the foot for actuation of said
switch means, said controlled means including counting means for
each said footwear item for counting the number of actuations of
said switch means for each said item of footwear and for producing
distinctively different output signals in response to different
numbers of pulses counted by said counting means.
Description
Counter clerks, especially in banks and post offices, and also
staff in the cash and wages offices of business and industrial
concerns, are barely able to operate an existing alarm device in
the event of a sudden attack without risking their lives. Any
suspicious movement can be fatal to them. In many cases, too,
victims of accidents, invalids and crippled persons in nursing
homes have difficulty in alerting the neighbourhood.
The present invention consists of a device fitted to the human body
for giving signals, especially in alarm systems. In accordance with
the invention, this is made possible by a device characterised by
the fact that a device, designed for attachment to a limb of the
human body, is envisaged, into which there is fitted an actuating
instrument which responds to movements of the limb in such a way
that a change in the position of the limb and of the device affects
the actuating instrument and gives the alarm.
An appropriate form of the device is an item of footwear, the
actuating instrument, with the contact belonging thereto, being
fitted into a part of it.
The drawing shows examples of practical versions of the subject of
the invention, as follows:
FIG. 1: a view from above of a first version,
FIG. 2: a section through the line II -- II of FIG. 1, in the
normal position with the contact open,
FIG. 3: the same, with the contact closed and
FIG. 4: a second version, with the device built into a shoe which
is depicted in side view,
FIG. 5: a view from above of a third version, consisting of a liner
element with the contact device in the open position,
FIG. 6: a detailed longitudinal section through the line VI -- VI
of FIG. 5, to a larger scale,
FIG. 7: a view of the liner element from above, with the contact
device in the closed position,
FIG. 8: a detailed longitudinal section through the line VIII --
VIII of FIG. 7, to a larger scale,
FIG. 9: a liner element with a contact device closed by the
toes,
FIG. 10: the wiring diagram of a fourth and
FIG. 11: the wiring diagram of a fifth version.
In the versions shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, a small plate-shaped contact
area 2 of conducting material such as copper is mounted in a liner
element 1 in the region of the balls of the toes. A contact area 4
of conducting material, which is movable relative to the contact
area 2, rests on the liner element 1 leaving a gap 3 of about 4 - 5
mm from the contact area 2. A flexible, membraniform vehicle
channel 5, about 1 mm thick, is secured by its rear part 5', either
by adhesive or rivets, to the liner element 1, while its front part
5" rests loosely on the liner element 1. The movable contact
surface 4 is rigidly fixed by an adhesive to the elastic vehicle
channel 5. By flexing the toes Z (FIGS. 2 and 3), indicated by
chain-dotted lines, which rest on the front end of the vheicle
channel 5, the contact surface 4, together with the part of the
vehicle channel 5 linked to the latter, can, while forming a fold
6, be displaced far enough to the rear from the position in FIG. 2
to bring the rear part of the contact surface 4 above the front
part of the contact surface 2, as is shown in FIG. 3. If, for
example, the battery 7 and the transmitter 8 are located in the
liner element 1, the centre section 1' of the latter is made
thicker. The one pole 9 of the transmitter 8 is connected by a wire
10 with the contact surface 2, while the other pole 11 of the
battery 7 is connected via a wire 12 to a terminal 13 of the
transmittter 8. The other terminal 14 is connected via a wire 15 to
the movable contact surface 4.
When, as is shown in FIG. 3, the circuit between the contact
surfaces 2, 4 is closed, the gap 3 (FIGS. 1 and 2) disappears and
the circuit 10, 15 is closed via the transmitter 8. When the
circuit is closed, the transmitter 8 is activated in the normal way
and emits control signals which are passed to a remotely situated
receiver forming part of a conventional alarm system.
For identification purposes, a pungent and lasting odour or
colouring can be used, which is projected from a spray can the
moment the contact surfaces 2, 4 make contact and close the
circuit. It is, for example, possible to arrange for a valve of the
spray can to be actuated by electromagnetic control when the
circuit is closed, enabling the pressurised odour or identification
medium to be released. This variation is especially suitable for
the subsequent identification of the culprits. This spray equipment
can be operated by itself or in conjunction with the
transmitter.
Operation of the device by moving and flexing the toes Z is
completely inconspicuous and in every case voluntary. Involuntary
movement while walking, running, hopping, etc., does not normally
occur, as the toes Z are not pulled back during these
movements.
The power source 7 and the transmitter 8 can also be located
separately, away from the liner element 1, e.g., elsewhere on the
human body or in the clothing. The wire connection 15 is relatively
long, and has to be led through the shoe and the clothing to the
remotely located battery 7 and to the transmitter 8. A spray can
can also be used with or in place of the transmitter 8.
FIG. 4 shows a version in which the vehicle channel 5 is located on
the sole 1' of the shoe 16. The contact surfaces 2, 4 are fitted on
top of the vehicle channel 5, connected with the battery 7 by the
wire 15 and have their mutually opposite ends either tapered or
rounded, to allow them to slide over one another. 8 designates the
transmitter which, together with the battery 7, is fitted into a
hollow space in the heel 17 of the shoe. Operation of the contact
surface 4, emission of a signal and the method of functioning are
similar to those described in connection with the first version.
The transmitter can be replaced by a siren, report, whistle or a
spray device.
The vehicle channel 5 for the plate-shaped contact surfaces 2, 4
could also take the form of a flexible strip resting either fixed
or loose on the sole of the footwear or shoe.
With the aid of the invention described, unobtrusive operation of
the alarm system is possible.
As shown in FIGS. 5 to 9, a liner element 1, preferably of
conventional material such as leather, has on its upper surface, in
the region of the toes, a contact surface 2 consisting of a metal
strip and, a short distance 3 away from it, a second contact
surface 4 also made of metal. The contact surfaces 2 and 4 extend
as far as the edge of the liner element 1 and are embedded in the
underside thereof, and are led, one on each side, to the heel
section of the sock via an elbow 10' and 15' acting as a conductor
10 and 15. Connecting wires 7', 8' pass through the upper layer of
the heel 17 of the shoe 16 and link the lead 10 and 15 with the one
electrode 7' of a current source and with the terminal 8' of a
transmitter 8. The current source 7 and the transmitter 8 are built
into the heel 17 of the shoe. 12 is the lead connecting the other
electrode 7" of the current source to the transmitter 8.
The battery circuit is closed via the transmitter 8 by means of a
projecting contact-bridge piece 18 with a spring action, which is
located on top of the liner element, across the longitudinal
direction of the sole. The contact-bridge piece 18 rests on the
contact surface 4, and its two ends sections 18' are angled
vertically to the contact surface 4. The angled sections 18' pass
through the liner element 1 in slots 19 running obliquely to the
longitudinal direction of the sole and are curved underneath the
sole at right angles to the oblique slots 19 to form loops 20 which
lie flush with the underside of the liner element 1 and provide the
contact-bridge piece 18 with the conduction and security necessary
for its operation when it is in a position in which it lies flat
against the contact surface 4. A projection 21 fitted to the
contact-bridge piece 18, in the plane of the latter, serves to
prevent sticking of the contact surfaces 2, 4. In addition, this
projection 21 pushes to the centre any foreign bodies, such as
threads from socks or stockings, which may appear during working
movements, thus ensuring a good contact. Without this sweeping, the
threads could work their way beneath the projection, lift it and
prevent proper contact.
To operate the contact device, the toes Z, which exert pressure on
the contact-bridge piece 18, are flexed back, thereby partially
displacing the spring-loaded contact-bridge piece 18 on to the
contact surface 2 by bending in the longitudinal direction of the
sole. This action closes the contact device, and, with it, the
battery circuit via the transmitter 8. As long as the circuit
remains closed, the transmitter emits control signals which are
passed to a remotely-located receiver of an alarm system.
In the version shown in FIG. 10, 1 again represents the liner
element, made preferably of sweat-absorbent, strong material such
as leather, which is inserted in the shoes of, for example, a bank
cashier. Here, L indicates the left and R the right liner element.
2 and 4 are the contact surfaces, made of metal strip, fitted on to
the liner element 1 in the region of the toes, at a distance 3 from
one another, which are linked by leads 10, 15, located underneath
the liner element, to connecting wires 7', 8'. In each liner
element L and R, the terminal 7' is connected to the negative
electrode of a battery which is not illustrated, and the terminal
8' is connected via a relay A or B or, respectively, with an
ultrasonic or high frequency transmitter S.sub.1 or S.sub.2 to the
positive electrode of the appropriate battery. 18 is a
spring-loaded contact-bridge piece of stainless steel wire fitting
against the contact surface 4 and with its ends fixed thereto,
which can be partially displaced by deflection by means of the toes
of the foot towards the contact surface 2, thereby closing the
contact device. Closing of the contact device in sole L trips the
relay A via receiver E.sub.1 and closing of the contact device in
sole R trips the relay B via receiver E.sub.2. Relay A actuates the
switches a, a' associated with it, and relay B the switches b, b'
associated with it. Tripping of relay A as a result of closing the
contact device in the left sole L closes the switches a, a',
causing the call I to be triggered via switch a. Tripping of relay
B as a result of closing the contact device in the right sole R
closes the switches b, b', causing the call II to be triggered by
switch b. Simultaneous operation of the contact devices in both
socks L and R trips both relays A and B, thereby simultaneously
closing switches a, a' and b, b', the closing of switches a' , b'
tripping relay C, whihc closes switch c, while a" and b" are
opened. In the process, closing of switch c causes the call III to
be triggered. Unsoldering of the connecting bridges d and e will
prevent calls I and II being switched on at the same time as call
III.
Triggering of call I confirms that the device in the left liner
element L is operating satisfactorily, and triggering of call II
confirms that the device in the right liner element R is operating
satisfactorily. Call I and call II at the same time trigger call
III and thus the alarm, provided that call III is intended for this
purpose. It is also possible, for example, for concealed cameras,
tape recorders, etc., to be set in operation simultaneously with
call I and call II.
In the version shown in FIG. 11, the signals given by the operating
devices in the liner element L, R via the transmitters S.sub.1,
S.sub.2 to the receivers E.sub.1, E.sub.2 operate stepping magnets
M.sub.1 , M.sub.2, which trigger off the required calls via the
relays A.sub.1, A.sub.2, A.sub.3 and B.sub.1, B.sub.2, B.sub.3.
These step-by-step switches M.sub.1 and M.sub.2, operated by
electromagnets and connected in front of the relays A.sub.1,
A.sub.2, A.sub.3 and B.sub.1, B.sub.2, B.sub.3 increase enormously
the possible modes of operation and call possibilities. For
example, the 34. function can be triggered by giving three pulses
(tens) from the right sock R and four pulses (units) from the left
liner element L. In the same way, the 63. function is triggered by
giving six pulses from the liner element R and three pulses from
the liner element L. Existing and suitable semi-conductor switches
can by all means be used instead of the step-by-step switch, and
can also replace relays A and B. Technically, semi-conductor
switches are used just as frequently as stepping magnets.
* * * * *