U.S. patent number 3,774,703 [Application Number 05/134,029] was granted by the patent office on 1973-11-27 for razor blades and methods of manufacture thereof.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Wilkinson Sword Limited. Invention is credited to Michael D. Sanderson.
United States Patent |
3,774,703 |
Sanderson |
November 27, 1973 |
RAZOR BLADES AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURE THEREOF
Abstract
On a razor blade having at least one cutting edge there are
provided two different superposed coatings, each coating being of a
metal, a metallic compound, a silicon compound or an alloy of any
of the foregoing. Preferably the upper coating is itself coated
with a polymer which improves the shaving properties of the blade,
for example polytetrafluoroethylene.
Inventors: |
Sanderson; Michael D. (Egham,
EN) |
Assignee: |
Wilkinson Sword Limited
(London, EN)
|
Family
ID: |
10111967 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/134,029 |
Filed: |
April 14, 1971 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Apr 17, 1970 [GB] |
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18,409/70 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
428/600;
76/104.1; 428/421; 428/626; 428/629; 428/926; 30/346.53;
204/192.16; 428/472; 428/623; 428/627; 428/656; 428/932 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B26B
21/60 (20130101); B26B 21/54 (20130101); B26B
21/58 (20130101); Y10S 428/932 (20130101); Y10T
428/3154 (20150401); Y10T 428/1259 (20150115); Y10T
428/12569 (20150115); Y10T 428/12549 (20150115); Y10T
428/12611 (20150115); Y10T 428/12778 (20150115); Y10T
428/12389 (20150115); Y10S 428/926 (20130101); Y10T
428/12576 (20150115); Y10T 428/12854 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
B26B
21/58 (20060101); B26B 21/60 (20060101); B26B
21/54 (20060101); B26B 21/00 (20060101); B26b
021/54 () |
Field of
Search: |
;117/132CF,16A,16C,105.2,48,71M,43 ;148/16.6,6.3,127,20,20.3,20.6
;204/192,15,35,37,38,41 ;30/346.53,346.54 ;29/196.6,195,191 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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1,065,724 |
|
Apr 1967 |
|
GB |
|
1,193,067 |
|
May 1970 |
|
GB |
|
6,618,472 |
|
Mar 1967 |
|
NL |
|
Primary Examiner: Kendall; Ralph S.
Claims
I claim:
1. A razor blade for shaving having at least one cutting edge, a
first coating on said cutting edge comprising a material selected
from the group consisting of metals, alloys, metal compounds and
silicon compounds to strengthen said cutting edge, reduce corrosion
thereof and reduce damage to said cutting edge during shaving and a
second coating different from said first coating and superposed
thereon, said second coating comprising a material selected from
the group consisting of metals, alloys, metal compounds and silicon
compounds to improve the wear resistant and corrosion protection
properties to present a surface less susceptible to progressive
wear during shaving than said first coating.
2. A razor blade according to claim 1, wherein the surface region
of the lower coating is oxidised.
3. A razor blade for shaving having at least one cutting edge, a
first coating on said cutting edge comprising an alloy to
strengthen said cutting edge, reduce corrosion thereof and reduce
damage to said cutting edge during shaving and a second coating
different from said first coating and superposed thereon, said
second coating comprising a metal compound to improve the wear
resistant and corrosion protection properties to present a surface
less susceptible to progressive wear during shaving than said first
coating.
4. A razor blade according to claim 3, wherein the second coating
is a refractory metal compound.
5. A razor blade according to claim 3, wherein the second coating
is a nitride.
6. A razor blade according to claim 3, wherein each coating has a
thickness of between 50 and 450 Angstroms.
7. A razor blade according to claim 3, wherein said first coating
has a thickness of between 70 and 200 Angstroms.
8. A razor blade according to claim 3, wherein said second coating
has a thickness of between 50 and 150 Angstroms.
9. A razor blade according to claim 3, wherein a coating of a
shaving facilitating polymer is provided on said second
coating.
10. A razor blade according to claim 3 wherein a coating of a
fluorocarbon polymer is provided on said second coating.
11. A razor blade according to claim 3, wherein a coating of
polytetrafluoroethylene is provided on said second coating.
12. A razor blade according to claim 3, wherein a coating of a
copolymer of thio-carbonyl fluoride and tetrafluoroethylene is
provided on said second coating.
13. A razor blade having at least one cutting edge carrying two
different superposed coatings, the lower one of said coatings being
of an alloy and the other of said coatings being a refractory
silicon compound.
14. A razor blade according to claim 13, wherein each coating has a
thickness of between 50 and 450 Angstroms.
15. A razor blade according to claim 13, wherein said lower coating
has a thickness of between 70 and 200 Angstroms.
16. A razor blade according to claim 13, wherein said upper coating
has a thickness of between 50 and 150 Angstroms.
17. A razor blade according to claim 13, wherein a coating of a
shaving facilitating polymer is provided on said upper coating.
18. A razor blade according to claim 13, wherein a coating of a
fluorocarbon polymer is provided on said upper coating.
19. A razor blade according to claim 13, wherein a coating of
polytetrafluoroethylene is provided on said upper coating.
20. A razor blade according to claim 13, wherein a coating of a
copolymer of thio-carbonyl fluoride and tetrafluoroethylene is
provided on said upper coating.
21. A razor blade having at least one cutting edge, said cutting
edge carrying a first coating selected from the group consisting of
platinum, iridium, osmium, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, titanium,
zirconium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel,
manganese, rhenium, tungsten and alloys of the foregoing, said
first coating having superposed thereon a second coating selected
from the group consisting of carbides, borides, oxides, nitrides,
silicides and fluorides, alone and mixed, of chromium, silicon,
tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt, aluminium, manganese, vanadium,
niobium, tantalum, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, rhenium and the
rare earths.
Description
This invention relates to razor blades and to methods of
manufacture thereof.
It is known to provide a coating of chromium on the cutting edge of
a razor blade and to coat the chromium with
polytetrafluoroethylene.
According to the present invention there is provided a razor blade
having two different superposed coatings each coating being of a
metal, a metallic compound, a silicon compound or an alloy of any
of the foregoing.
Preferably the lower coating is a metal one and the upper coating
is a refractory metallic compound. The surface region of the lower
coating may be oxidised.
The invention also provides the method of manufacturing a razor
blade wherein at least a cutting edge is coated with a metal,
metallic compound or an alloy containing a metal or metallic
compound, and the initial coating is thereafter provided with a
coating of a different metal, metallic compound or alloy containing
a metal or metallic compound or with a silicon compound.
The reasons why the present invention results in an improvement is
not fully understood at the present time. However, without
limitation of the scope of the invention, the applicants believe
that as a general guide to the materials which may be used for the
non-polymer coatings, it is preferable to use for the initial
coating a material which will function to strengthen the cutting
edge and reduce damage which occurs to the cutting edge during
shaving as well as functioning to reduce corrosion. Examples of
materials which may be used for this initial coating are chromium,
platinum and other noble metals including iridium, osmium,
palladium, rhodium and ruthenium, titanium, zirconium, vanadium,
niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel, manganese, rhenium
and tungsten, as well as alloys of any of the foregoing.
On the same basis as above it is believed that the second coating
is preferably chosen for its wear resistant and corrosion
protection properties so that it presents a surface which is less
susceptible to progressive wear during shaving than is the initial
coating. Alternatively or additionally the second coating may be
chosen to provide a better substrate for the adhesion of the
subsequently applied polymer coating and/or to facilitate
crystallisation of the polymer coating upon deposition in a manner
which results in an improved polymer coating. Examples of materials
which may be used for the second coating are carbides, borides,
oxides, nitrides, silicides and fluorides (all being examples of
typical so-called "refractory" materials) either alone or mixed
(e.g., carbonitrides) of the following elements where appropriate:
chromium, silicon, tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt, aluminium,
manganese, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, titanium, zirconium,
hafnium, rhenium and the rare earths.
The specific combination of a lower coating of chromium and an
upper coating of chromium nitride is the subject of a co-pending
application, Ser. No. 140,186 filed on the same day as the present
application.
Preferably, the second coating is then provided with a coating of a
polymer which improves the shaving properties of the blade and may,
for example, comprise a fluorocarbon polymer, for example
polytetrafluoroethylene, or a copolymer of thio-carbonyl fluoride
and tetrafluoroethylene.
Thus, in a typical form of the invention the blade is first
provided with a chromium coating on the cutting edge, thereafter a
molybdenum nitride coating is superposed on the first coating and,
finally, a polymer coating is provided on the nitride coating.
Another typical second coating would be vanadium nitride.
One method of providing a stainless steel razor blade with a double
coating of the form just described is, first, to form a chromium
coating by sputtering chromium onto the previously cleaned cutting
edges from electroplated targets at a pressure of between 1/10 of a
micron and 10 microns of mercury in a residual atmosphere of inert
gas such as argon or helium using commercially available ion-plasma
sputtering apparatus. The chromium coating may, for example, be of
a thickness between 50 and 450 Angstroms but preferably not greater
than 200 Angstroms. Thereafter the sputtering process is repeated
using molybdenum plated targets with a residual atmosphere of
nitrogen at a pressure of, for example, 1 to 4 .times.
10.sup..sup.-3 millimetres of mercury, to form a molybdenum nitride
coating.
Preferably, the blades are exposed to an oxide-forming atmosphere
after formation of the initial coating so that the surface region
of the initial coating is oxidised. One way of achieving this is by
allowing a controlled air leak into the sputtering apparatus
between the two coating stages.
The second coating may have a thickness of, for example, from 50 to
450 Angstroms but preferably not greater than 150 Angstroms and a
preferred range for the thickness of the two coatings together is
from 100 to 500 Angstroms or even up to 750 Angstroms.
The reaction between molybdenum, or whatever other metal is used,
and nitrogen or other gas in the sputtering process may take place
on the surface of the target, or as the metallic particles are
being sputtered through the ionised plasma or after the metal has
been deposited on the blade surface.
The gas composition can vary widey depending upon the material
being sputtered and the sputtering conditions. Thus, for example,
the nitrogen or other gas may be diluted with an inert gas, such as
argon, from 5 volume percent of the gas in argon to 100 volume
percent of the nitrogen or other gas. For nitride formation one may
use, for example, a gas with a large nitrogen content such as
cracked ammonia and/or air diluted by an inert gas.
The sputtering may be direct current or radio frequency sputtering
and in the latter case sputtering may be direct from a nitride or
other metallic compound target in an inert atmosphere.
As an alternative to sputtering the coatings may be produced by
chemical vapour deposition or by reactive evaporation.
It will be understood that the terms "metallic compound" and
"silicon compound" as used herein embrace not only compounds of a
metal or silicon but also a distribution or dispersion of such
compounds in a metallic matrix.
* * * * *