U.S. patent number 3,774,040 [Application Number 05/252,016] was granted by the patent office on 1973-11-20 for photoelectric system for grading objects according to size.
This patent grant is currently assigned to George E. Lauer. Invention is credited to Stephen P. Stephanos.
United States Patent |
3,774,040 |
Stephanos |
November 20, 1973 |
PHOTOELECTRIC SYSTEM FOR GRADING OBJECTS ACCORDING TO SIZE
Abstract
A device for sorting articles according to size in which the
articles are conveyed through a photoelectric sensor. An article
interrupts light beams which sense the length and width of the
article. A pulse is generated for each linear increment the article
advances, and the pulses are summed by digital counters while the
length-sensing beam is interrupted. If the count has reached a
predetermined range when the article passes out of the
length-sensing beam, the article is of the desired length. If the
width-sensing beam is interrupted, indicating the article is also
greater in width than a predetermined minimum, the article is the
desired size, and is ejected into an article collecting device.
Inventors: |
Stephanos; Stephen P. (Oakland,
CA) |
Assignee: |
Lauer; George E. (Oakland,
CA)
|
Family
ID: |
22954278 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/252,016 |
Filed: |
May 10, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
250/559.21;
209/586; 250/223R; 250/559.24; 250/559.26 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B07C
5/10 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B07C
5/10 (20060101); B07C 5/04 (20060101); G06b
007/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;250/221,222,223R,223B,22M,219DF,219LB,219WD,219TH
;209/111.5,111.7 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Lawrence; James W.
Assistant Examiner: Nelms; D. C.
Claims
1. A photoelectric system for grading objects according to size,
comprising:
means to direct said objects along a path,
first photoelectric sensing means to generate a first photoelectric
signal while each of said objects translate through a predetermined
distance along said path;
pulse generator means, associated with said means to direct said
objects along a path, to generate an electrical pulse for each
uniform incremental distance translated by said objects;
counter means, associated with said first photoelectric sensing
means and with said pulse generator means, for counting said pulses
while said objects translate through said predetermined distance,
said counter means including a minimum length counter for
generating a minimum length signal upon counting a number of said
pulses equal to a preset minimum length number, and further
including a range counter activated by said minimum length signal
for producing a range signal upon counting a number of said pulses
corresponding to a preset length range;
logic means, associated with said counter means and said first
photoelectric sensing means, for generating a sort signal upon
receiving said first photoelectric signal, said minimum length
signal and said range signal in a predetermined sequence; and
transducer means connected to said logic means to remove said one
of said objects from said path upon receiving said sort signal.
2. The photoelectric grading system of claim 1, wherein said means
to direct said objects along said path comprises conveyor means
driven by motor means.
3. The photoelectric grading system of claim 2 wherein said pulse
generating means comprises magnet means, and magnetic pickup means
adjacent said magnet means, said magnet means being driven by said
magnetic pickup means and inducing electrical pulses in said
magnetic pickup means.
4. The photoelectric grading system of claim 3, wherein said pulse
generating means further includes trigger circuit means to shape
said pulses induced in said magnetic pickup means, and amplifier
means connected to said trigger circuit means to amplify said
shaped pulses.
5. The photoelectric grading system of claim 3, further including
second photoelectric sensing means for sensing the width of said
objects on said conveyor means, said second photoelectric sensing
means generating a second photoelectric signal upon sensing an
object greater in width than a predetermined minimum width.
6. The photoelectric grading system of claim 5, wherein said logic
means receives said second photoelectric signal, the generation of
said sort signal being prevented without reception of said second
photoelectric signal.
7. The photoelectric grading system of claim 6, further including
warning light means, actuated by receiving either said first or
said second photoelectric signal, to indicate actuation of at least
one of said photoelectric sensing means.
8. The photoelectric grading system of claim 6, further including
delay amplifier means, interposed between said logic circuit means
and said transducer means, to delay said sort signal and delay
actuation of said transducer means.
9. The photoelectric grading system of claim 8, further including
dwell amplifier means, interposed between said delay amplifier
means and said transducer means to increase the duration of said
sort signal.
10. The photoelectric grading system of claim 1, wherein said first
photoelectric sensing means comprises a first light source forming
a first light beam projected transversely through said path, a
first photoelectric transducer receiving said first light beam
after it transverses said path and generating said first
photoelectric output signal when said first light beam is
interrupted by said objects passing through said first light beam,
said predetermined distance being the distance travelled by said
objects while interrupting said first light beam.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The process of sorting articles of varying sizes and weights poses
many problems in a high-speed, automated operation. The usual
methods of sorting varying sizes of product, such as fruit and/or
potatoes, lumber or other objects, involve sensing the dimensions
of each unit by measuring the time each unit interrupts a
photoelectric beam as it passes along a conveyor. Because the
conveyor in a modern, high speed packing plant travels at speeds
greater than 300 feet per minute, the measurement of the time of
the beam interruption must be extremely accurate. Practice has
shown, however, extreme accuracy cannot be maintained. Due to
extremes in operating temperature whic affect timer repetition, and
variations in conveyor speed which change the time-length
relationship, timer based sorting mechanisms require expensive
continual maintenance, supervision and readjustment. Yet
dimensional tolerances of the sorted product are unsuitably
large.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a system for automatically grading objects
according to size. In accordance with the present invention, the
objects to be graded are carried by a conveyor belt past a
horizontal light beam. A first photoelectric transducer is
positioned to receive the horizontal beam, which is interrupted by
objects with a vertical dimension greater than a predetermined
minimum. The signal from the first photoelectric transducer,
representing the width of the object, is stored in a comparator
memory.
A second, vertical light beam transverses the path of the conveyed
objects and impinges on a second photoelectric transducer. As an
object passes into the vertical beam, the interrupted signal from
the second transducer actuates a digital counter, which begins
counting the electrical pulses. The counter counts to a
predetermined number, signals the comparator memory, and also
actuates a short-count, preset length range counter. The object
passes out of the vertical beam, and the re-established signal from
the second transducer signals the comparator memory. The comparator
memory evaluates the first and second transducer signals and the
counter results according to a preset program, i.e., greater than
or less than a predetermined length, within or outside a preset
length range. If the object meets these criteria, the memory
actuates an electromechanical transducer which ejects the object
into a collecting device. If not, the object travels further on the
conveyor to more sorting devices with different preset size
criteria.
The conveyor belt is driven by a motor with which is associated a
plurality of permanent magnets which rotate past a magnetic pickup
device, creating electrical pulses. Such pulses thus represent
rotational speed of the motor and consequently linear movement of
the conveyor belt.
The use of comparison of pulses representing distance travelled by
the object being sorted with interruption of the light beam
overcomes the major disadvantages of the prior art, time-controlled
devices. The length pulse system of the present invention has the
further advantage that extremely close size tolerances can be
maintained over long periods of time, and through operating
conditions which would cause other systems to fail. Because each
pulse represents a definite increment of length of an object on the
conveyor, and because many pulses can be generated within each inch
of length travelled, tthe present invention can sort objects with
extreme accuracy and reliability.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the sorting head and transducer of
the present invention, employed with a conveyor carrying objects to
be graded;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the pulse generating apparatus of the
invention;
FIG. 3 is an elevational view of the sorting head shown in FIG. 1;
and
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the logic control circuitry.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to FIG. 1 and considering the present invention in
detail, there is shown spaced apart moving hoses 7 and 8 forming a
constantly moving, rail-type conveyor for carrying potatoes 9, or
equivalent irregularly shaped fruit. The potatoes 9 travel at
substantial velocity, i.e., up to 400 feet per minute. At least at
one station longitudinally of the conveyor there is provided a
photoelectric system for sensing the size of the potatoes 9 and for
sorting them into selected groups of uniform sizes. The
photoelectric system includeS a sorting head 10 containing a first
light source 11 which forms a focused, horizontal light beaM 12 of
constant intensity. The beam 12 is transverse to the direction of
travel of the potatoes 9, and it impinges on a photoelectric
transducer 13 mounted on the sorting head 10, as shown in FIG. 3.
The vertical distance from the hoses 7 and 8 to the transverse beam
12 represents the width of potatoes that the head 10 is set to
sense. This width dimension can be varied by moving vertically the
support bar 5 on which the head 10 is mounted. The transducer 13
provides a constant signal output until a potato higher than the
preset width interrupts the beam 12.
Also mounted in the sorting head 10 is a light source 15 projecting
a light beam 16 vertically down, transverse to the path of potato
9. The beam passes between belts 7 and 8 and impinges on
photoelectric transducer 17, mounted in the head 10 and located
subjacent the moving belts 7 and 8, as shown in FIG. 3. The
transducer 17 emits a constant signal response to illumination by
the beam 16. Every potato moving past sorting head 10 will
interrupt the beam 16 while the entire length of the potato passes
through the beam. The signal from transducer 17 is thus
interrupted, forming a basis for measuring the length of the
potato.
An electromechanical transducer 18 is located adjacent the moving
belts 7 and 8. If the potato sensed by the sorting head 10 is
judged by the electronic circuitry to be within preset size
criteria, the transducer 18 strikes the potato, knocking it off the
belts 7 and 8 and into a collecting device. The collecting device,
which forms no independent part of the present invention, is
disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,517,808, issued to George E. Lauer on
June 30, 1970.
The apparatus for generating pulses is shown in FIG. 2. It includes
an electric motor 20 which supplies the motive power to the moving
belts 7 and 8. Secured axially to the shaft of the motor 20 is a
circular metal plate 21. A plurality of permanent magnets 22 are
imbedded radially in the plate 21, spaced evenly around the
circumference. Adjacent the plate 21 are pick-up coils 23,
connected to each other in parallel relationship. Each of the
magnets 22, as they rotate past the coils 23, induce a voltage
pulse in each of the coils 23. These length pulses are shaped by
the Schmidt trigger circuit 24, amplified by the amplifier circuit
25, and conducted to the logic control circuit. Because the motor
20 drives the belts carrying the potatoes 9, each rotation of the
plate 21 bears a constant relationship with the advancement of the
belts 7 and 8 during that rotation. The pulses generated during
each rotation of the plate 21, therefore, represent increments of
the advancement of the belts 7 and 8. By counting the pulses over a
given time span, the distance the belts have moved during that time
span can be determined very accurately. By knowing the distance a
potato has travelled during the time it interrupts the light beam
16, the length of the potato can be calculated. This calculation is
performed by the logic control circuitry.
The logic control circuitry receives the information from the
photoelectric transducers 13 and 17 and the pulse generator of FIG.
2, evaluates it according to programmed sorting criteria, and
actuates the electromechanical transducer 18 if appropriate. The
signals from photoelectric transducers 17 and 13 are fed to
detecting and shaping amplifiers 30 and 31, respectively. These
amplifiers detect significant variations in the signals from the
photoelectric transducers, switching from off to on in response to
decreases in the photoelectric signals. The amplifier 31 sends its
output signal to panel lamp driver amplifier 32 and the length,
width and range comparator memory. The amplifier 30 sends its
output signal to the panel lamp driver amplifier 32 and to the tens
counter 33.
The panel lamp driver amplifier 32 receives the photoelectric
signals and actuates lamp 34 whenever either photoelectric
transducer 13 or 17 is not generating a signal. In normal operation
the lamp 34 flickers as the potatoes are sorted. Constant
illumination of the lamp 34 indicates that one or both of the
photoelectric transducers beams 12 or 66 is blocked by dirt or
debris.
The tens counter 33 continually receives length pulses from the
amplifier 25. Upon receipt of a signal from the detecting and
shaping amplifier 30, indicating a potato has entered beam 16, the
tens counter 33 switches on and begins counting the length pulses.
The tens counter 33 is ganged with a sixteens counter 35 to count
up to 160 pulses. Associated with counters 33 and 35 are comparator
switch selectors 37 and 39 respectively. These switch selectors are
preset to the number of pulses to be counted, i.e., the desired
length criterion. The count of the counters 33 and 35 is compared
with the preset switch selectors 37 and 39 by the counter
comparator and memory 40. When the count equals the preset number,
the counter comparator and memory 40 sends a signal to the
dimension comparator and memory 41, and also sends a signal to the
range counter 42, causing the range counter 42 to commence
counting.
Associated with the range counter 42 is a range preset selector 43
which is preset to the number of pulses to be counted by the range
counter 42. The counter 42, receiving length pulses through counter
35, counts every other length pulse. When the count of the range
counter 42 equals the preset number of selector 43, the counter 42
sends a signal to dimension comparator and memory 41.
The dimension comparator and memory 41 also receives a signal from
detecting and shaping amplifier 30 when the potato passes out of
the beam 16, and the transducer 17 is re-illuminated. The signal
from amplifier 30 also actuates the panel lamp driver 32,
illuminating lamp 34, and it resets the counters 33 and 35 for the
next sorting sequence.
The dimension comparator and memory 41 is a group of logic gates
which perform logic operations on the signals from the counter
comparator and memory 40, the range counter 42, and the amplifiers
30 and 31. If a potato passes out of the beam 16 before the
counters 33 and 35 have reached their preset number, the signal
from amplifier 30, arriving before the signal from counter
comparator and memory 40 will prevent selection of that potato.
Therefore the preset number of comparator switch selectors 37 and
39 represent the minimum length dimension. Similarly, if the
dimension comparator and memory 41 receives no signal from the
detecting and shaping amplifier 31, the potato has not met the
minimum width criteria by interrupting the beam 12, and will not be
selected. The dimension comparator and memory 41 may be programmed
to select potatoes greater than or less than the preset range
dimension of selector 43. That is, the logic circuits of 41 will be
completed by the range counter reaching its preset count either
before or after the potato passes out of beam 16, according to the
connection of contact points which comprises the programming of
dimension comparator and memory 41. Thus the dimension comparator
and memory 41 may emit a selection signal after evaluating the
width information from amplifier 31, the minimum length information
from counters 33 and 35, and the range of length information from
counter 42.
The delay amplifier 44 receives the selection signal and delays it
for a time period sufficient to allow the selected potato to move
on belts 7 and 8 from the sorting head 10 to the electromechanical
transducer 18. The delayed signal goes to the dwell amplifier 45,
which increases the duration of the delayed pulse to ensure
actuation of the transducer 18. The delayed, expanded signal,
amplified by driver amplifier 46, actuates the triac switch 47,
which applies power to the electromechanical transducer 18. The
transducer 18 strikes the selected potato, knocking it from the
belts 7 and 8 into a collection device, shown in FIG. 1.
As is readily apparent from the foregoing description, the
photoelectric sorting system of the present invention, by virtue of
its use of length pulses to sense the size of objects, is a
flexible and extremely accurate sorting device. Although the
sorting system of the present invention was described in terms of
some of the common grading operations performed on a particular
type of produce, it can perform many other operations on other
types of fruit, produce, lumber and other objects of non-uniform
size.
* * * * *