U.S. patent number 3,765,380 [Application Number 05/170,565] was granted by the patent office on 1973-10-16 for electronic fuel control systems with nonlinearizing circuit means interconnecting the pressure transducer with the main computation means.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Bendix Corporation. Invention is credited to John W. Horn, Todd L. Rachel, Harry P. Wertheimer.
United States Patent |
3,765,380 |
Rachel , et al. |
October 16, 1973 |
ELECTRONIC FUEL CONTROL SYSTEMS WITH NONLINEARIZING CIRCUIT MEANS
INTERCONNECTING THE PRESSURE TRANSDUCER WITH THE MAIN COMPUTATION
MEANS
Abstract
In a fuel control system of the type which combines signals
indicative of engine speed and engine load to compute a fuel
requirement signal, a passive, nonlinearizing circuit is interposed
between the intake manifold pressure transducer and the main
computing means. The nonlinearizing means is comprised of passive
resistive elements in a series-parallel relationship to provide a
suitably tailored output signal in response to a manifold pressure
input signal.
Inventors: |
Rachel; Todd L. (Elmira,
NY), Horn; John W. (Elmira, NY), Wertheimer; Harry P.
(Horseheads, NY) |
Assignee: |
The Bendix Corporation
(Southfield, MI)
|
Family
ID: |
22620382 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/170,565 |
Filed: |
August 10, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
123/494 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F02D
41/30 (20130101); F02M 51/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F02M
51/00 (20060101); F02D 41/30 (20060101); F02m
051/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;123/32EA,119 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Goodridge; Laurence M.
Assistant Examiner: Flint; Cort
Claims
I claim:
1. An engine control circuit for providing an output signal with a
value indicative of the fuel requirement of an internal combustion
engine having an air intake manifold and a fuel requirement that
increases nonlinearly and monotonically in response to decreasing
air pressure in the manifold, said control circuit comprising:
an energy receiving input terminal;
a ground terminal;
an output terminal;
means defining an electrically conductive path between said input
and ground terminals and including a first electrically resistive
element having an electrical resistance that varies linearly along
said element;
a contact member movable along said resistive element in response
to changing air pressure within the intake manifold, said contact
member connecting said resistive element with said output terminal
to provide an output signal at said output terminal; and
means defining a second electrically conductive path connecting
said contact member with said ground terminal, said second path
including a passive electrical resistance in parallel with one
portion of said first resistive element and in series with another
portion of said first resistive element, the relative sizes of said
portions of said first resistive element being varied by motion of
said contact member along said first resistive element to cause
that output signal to vary nonlinearly and in accordance with
engine fuel requirement.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the field of electronic fuel
control systems for reciprocating piston internal combustion
engines and, more particularly to that portion of the
above-described field which relates to the interface of engine
sensory elements with the electronic computing means, in
particular, to the interface between the intake manifold pressure
sensor and the main computing means.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In reciprocating piston internal combustion engines which derive
their operating air through an intake manifold, it is known that
the fuel requirement is an inverse nonlinear function of the
pressure within the intake manifold upstream of the engine valves.
The prior art teaches that reactive circuit elements can be
combined with mechanical motion producing pressure transducers to
provide a reasonably accurate electrical signal indicative of the
average air pressure within the intake manifold. In those systems
which provide fuel on an intermittent injection basis, capacitive
and inductive pressure-to-electric transducers are well known. In
addition, it is known that resistive pressure transducers can be
provided by suitably tailoring a conventional potentiometer to
provide a nonlinear output response with respect to a substantially
linear input motion.
Each of the above described known pressure-to-electric transducer
mechanisms is disadvantageous because of the high cost involved in
fabricating such elements to be suitably nonlinear that their
response characteristics closely match the engine fuel requirements
at any given manifold air pressure. In addition, the nonlinearized
potentiometer used as the pressure-to-electric transducer is known
to have relatively short life in the absence of a further increment
of expense due to the constant rubbing of the slider (or movable
member) over the resistive element. It is an object of the present
invention to provide a transducer element and interface mechanism
for converting pressure indications of pressure in the intake
manifold to a suitably tailored electrical signal for the main
computing unit of an electronic fuel control system. In view of the
fact that linear response potentiometers having long life are well
known in the market place and are available at comparatively slight
expense, it is a further object of the present invention to provide
a passive circuit interface mechanism which will include a known
linear potentiometer to convert a motion which is representative of
the intake manifold air pressure to a nonlinearized electrical
signal which closely represents the fuel requirement for the engine
at any particular intake manifold air pressure.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a series-parallel circuit
configuration which includes a potentiometer having a substantially
linear response characteristic for input motion, which circuit is
to be connected with a pressure-to-motion transducer which may be
of the convention bellows type to provide an electrical output
signal having a response characteristic which is directly
indicative of the engine fuel requirement at any particular air
intake manifold pressure.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an electronic fuel control
system adapted to a reciprocating piston internal combustion
engine.
FIG. 2 shows, in logic diagram form, an electronic fuel control
main computing circuit.
FIG. 3 shows one embodiment of a circuit according to the present
invention.
FIG. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of a circuit according to
the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows a graph of output voltage plotted as a function of
angle of rotation of the center top of a potentiometer.
FIG. 6 shows one form of pressure sensor having a linear
potentiometer useful with the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to FIG. 1, an electronic fuel control system is shown
in schematic form. The system is comprised of a computing means 10,
a manifold pressure sensor 12, a temperature sensor 14, an input
timing means 16 and various other sensors denoted as 18. The
manifold pressure sensor 12 and the associated other sensors 18 are
mounted on throttle body 20. The output of the computing means 10
is coupled to an electromagnetic injector valve member 22 mounted
in the intake manifold 24 and arranged to provide fuel from tank 26
via pumping means 28 and suitable fuel conduits 30 for delivery to
a combustion cylinder 32 of an internal combustion engine,
otherwise not shown. While the injector valve member 22 is
illustrated as delivering a spray of fuel towards an open intake
valve 34, it will be understood that this representation is merely
illustrative and that other delivery arrangements are known and
utilized. Furthermore, it is well known in the art of electronic
fuel control systems that computing means 10 may control an
injector valve means comprised of one or more injector valve
members 22 arranged to be actuated singly or in groups of varying
numbers in a sequential fashion as well as simultaneously. The
computing means 10 is shown here as energized by battery 36 which
could be a vehicle battery and/or vehicle charging system as well
as a separate battery.
The logic diagram shown in FIG. 2 illustrates the computing means
10 in a nonparticularized manner as applied to a two-group
injection system. In FIG. 2, there is shown a switching device 38
capable of producing alternating output signals and receiving as
input a signal or signals representative of engine crank angle as
from sensor 16. Mechanically, sensor 16 could be a single lobed
cam, driven by the engine and alternately opening and closing a
pair of contacts. Since this arrangement could generate spurious
signals, as by contact bounce, the switching device 38 will be
described and discussed as a flip flop since the flip flop is known
to produce a substantially constant level of output at one output
location and zero level at the other output location in response to
a triggering signal which need only be a spike input but may also
be of longer duration and a flip flop may be readily made
insensitive to other types of signals. Traces 1 and 2 illustrate
the alternating triggering input signals while traces 3 and 4
illustrate the time relationship of the two output signals. Signals
received on the nontriggering input will, of course, have no effect
on a flip flop. Outputs 40 and 42 are connected to the inputs of a
logic gate 44. Gate 44 is arranged to give a relatively short
duration pulse whenever the flip flop 38 changes state and to
produce a constant level d.c. output at all other times. Outputs 40
and 42 are also connected to the inputs of a pair of AND gates with
output 40 being connected to one input of AND gate 46 and the
output 42 being connected to one input of AND gate 48. The output
of the gate 44 is connected to the input of an adaptive delay means
50 which receives, as control inputs, signals from the various
engine parameter sensors, as at 52, indicative of engine operating
conditions and, therefore, of the engine fuel requirement. As will
be readily observed, one of the inputs at 52 is derived from signal
generator 54 which receives, as its input the angular signal
.theta., derived from the pressure sensor 12 of FIG. 1. The output
of the adaptive delay means 50 is fed through an inverter 56 and
the output of the inverter 56 is connected to a second input of
each AND gate 46 and 48. The output of AND gate 46 is connected to
amplifier 58 which, in turn, supplies controlling current to the
first injector group. AND gate 48 is connected to amplifier 60
which supplies controlling current to the second injector
group.
As will be readily apparent, the presence of an output signal from
the flip flop 38 will occur at one output location to the exclusion
of the other. This signal will then appear at one input of only one
AND gate of only one amplifier. This signal selectively designates
an injector or injector group for imminent injection. For the sake
of example, we shall assume that the output signal of the flip flop
38 is at output location 40 so that the signal also appears at one
input of AND gate 46. The signal from the output 40 of the flip
flop 38 also appears at the gate 44 where, assuming the flip flop
38 has just changed state, a short duration signal is passed to the
adaptive delay means 50. The adaptive delay means 50 is operative
to produce an output after the passage of a predetermined amount of
time. This time is determined by the values of the sensory inputs
applied at 52 to the adaptive delay 50. During this initial period
of time when the output of the adaptive delay 50 is zero, the
inverter 56 is producing a full-strength output signal. This signal
is applied to one input of each of the AND gates 46 and 48. Because
of the intrinsic nature of AND gates, an output signal is produced
only while an input signal is being applied to each and every
input. This then dictates that AND gate 46 will produce an output
to be amplified by amplifier 58 to open the first injector group
since it is receiving an injector selection command directly from
the flip flop 38 and an injector control command from the inverter
56. At the end of the time delay period, adaptive delay means 50
produces a signal which is then inverted from a positive signal to
a zero level signal by the inverter 56 so that the injection
control command output signal of the inverter 56 is removed from
the input to the AND gate 46 and the output of the AND gate 46 goes
to zero thereby allowing the first injector group to close. During
the period of time the first injector group is open, a metered
amount of fuel under pressure is injected by the first injector
group.
Referring now to FIG. 3, the signal generator 54, according to the
present invention, is illustrated as a resistive network
interconnecting B+ and ground through a pair of series connected
resistors 62, 64 and a parallel resistive combination which
includes resistors 66 and potentiometer 68. As is well known, B+
represents merely a source of electrical energy and may be positive
or negative with respect to the ground or common potential. The
parallel combination of resistor 66 and potentiometer 68 is
operative to interconnect the series resistors 62 and 64. The
potentiometer 68 is illustrated as having the main resistive
portion 70 and a movable contact member 72. Movable contact member
72 is directly coupled to the pressure-to-motion transducer and the
motion produced thereby is such that the movable member will follow
arrow 74 (counterclockwise with respect to the relative directions
illustrated in FIG. 3) for decreasing pressure within the intake
manifold. This will provide at output terminal 52, which
corresponds to the input location similarly numbered on the logic
diagram of FIG. 2, with a voltage signal which is a minimum for
zero rotation of the movable member and is a maximum for the
maximum amount of rotation of movable member 72.
Referring now th the diagram of FIG. 5, the relationship between
the output signal at location 52, V.sub.0, with respect to angular
displacement of the movable member is illustrated as .theta.. As
will be observed, the output signal V.sub.0 increases sharply for
small movements of the movable member at lower values of V.sub.0
and then increases on a gradual, almost linear, basis up until the
region of greatest values of movement of the movable member 72.
This is a result of the fact that potentiometer 68 presents a
resistive portion which is in series with resistors 62 and 64 and
also presents a portion which is in parallel with resistor 66 and
the relative amounts of resistor 70 which are in series and which
are in parallel will change as the movable member 72 moves
counterclockwise relative to FIG. 3. The precise shaping of this
curve then becomes an exercise in numerical analysis of the
relative sizes of resistors 62, 64, 66 and 70 to determine precise
values of resistance which should be located in this circuit to
provide the desired result. The actual shape of the curve V.sub.0
with respect to .theta. depends upon the engine type and may be
determined empirically for any given engine.
Referring now to FIG. 4, an alternative embodiment to the circuitry
of FIG. 3 is illustrated. In this embodiment, circuit elements
which are similar to those illustrated in FIG. 3 will carry similar
numeral designations except that they are in the 100 series of
numeral designation. In this embodiment, resistor 166 is in
parallel with a portion of the potentiometer 168 as well as with
resistor 164. This circuit is also capable of generating the curve
illustrated in FIG. 5 and, therefore, represents merely an
alternative embodiment which would be used at the choice of the
system designer when taking into consideration the specific
resistive elements required as contrasted with those which may be
commercially or otherwise readily available.
Referring now to FIG. 6, one form of pressure transducer 12 is
illustrated. Transducer 12 is comprised of a pressure-to-motion
transducer portion 12M and a motion-to-electric transducer portion
in the form of potentiometer 68. Pressure-to-motion transducer 12M
is comprised of a conventional bellows system 76 the interior
region of which is communicated to the air intake manifold by
conduit 78. Lever arm 80 is fixedly attached to one end of bellows
and ends in crank lever 82. The end of crank lever 82 is attached
to the rotary shaft 84 of potentiometer 68. As is the conventional
practice, the end of rotary shaft 84 terminates in wiper means not
shown which would slide along a resistor located within the
interior region of potentiometer 68. Bellows system 76 is anchored
to any convenient structure such as is illustrated at 86.
Potentiometer 68 is provided with three electrical terminals
designated 52, 88 and 90. These terminals correspond to the
similarly designated circuit locations in the FIG. 3 embodiment and
to circuit locations 152, 188 and 190 in the FIG. 4 embodiment.
With reference to FIGS. 1,2,3 and 6, the circuit portions of signal
generator 54 other than potentiometer 68 could be located within
computing means 10 with only the electrical conductors which
comprise circuit locations 52, 88 and 90 interconnecting pressure
transducer 12 and main computing means 10.
* * * * *