U.S. patent number 3,651,791 [Application Number 05/047,530] was granted by the patent office on 1972-03-28 for system for controlling fuel supply to an internal combustion engine.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Nippondenso Kabushiki Kaisha. Invention is credited to Hisanori Kobayashi.
United States Patent |
3,651,791 |
Kobayashi |
March 28, 1972 |
SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY TO AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION
ENGINE
Abstract
A system for controlling fuel supply to an internal combustion
engine having a device for sensing pressure within an intake
manifold of the engine. The device has bellows operable in response
to variation in absolute pressure value within the intake manifold
in normal operation of the engine to cause a core to move relative
to an electrical coil so that electrical signals are emitted to
cause the amount of fuel supply to be controlled in accordance with
the state of engine operation represented by the pressure within
the intake manifold. The device also has a diaphragm operable in
response to variation in pressure differential of more than a
predetermined value between the pressure within the intake manifold
and the atmospheric pressure to displace normal operative position
of the bellows relative to the coil in a direction in which the
amount of fuel supply is increased, said predetermined value of the
pressure differential being set to represent the state of engine
operation which requires a greater output to be produced by the
engine.
Inventors: |
Kobayashi; Hisanori
(Kariya-shi, JA) |
Assignee: |
Nippondenso Kabushiki Kaisha
(Kariya-shi, Aichi-ken, JA)
|
Family
ID: |
13200996 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/047,530 |
Filed: |
June 18, 1970 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Aug 7, 1969 [JA] |
|
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44/62466 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
123/382;
123/478 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F02M
51/02 (20130101); F02M 51/005 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F02M
51/00 (20060101); F02M 51/02 (20060101); F02m
051/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;123/32EA,119,140.2,140.3 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Goodridge; Laurence M.
Claims
I claim
1. A device for controlling the fuel supply into an internal
combustion engine, said device including a housing defining a
substantially hermetically closed space therein, means within said
housing sensitive to the variation in the absolute pressure value
within the intake manifold of said engine, means within said
housing operable in response to the pressure differential of more
than a predetermined value between the pressure within said intake
manifold and the atmospheric pressure so as to be displaced in one
direction into mechanical connection with said absolute pressure
variation sensitive means, and means for transducing the operation
of said absolute pressure variation sensitive means and the
displacement thereof by said pressure differential responsive means
into electrical signals which are utilized to control the fuel
supply to said engine, characterized by the features that said
absolute pressure variation sensitive means comprise at least one
bellows member, said differential pressure responsive means
including a diaphragm member dividing said closed space in said
housing into two chambers one of which is in communication with the
interior of said intake manifold, the other chamber being open to
the atmosphere, said bellows member being disposed within said one
chamber, said differential pressure responsive means also including
a spring member in engagement with said diaphragm, said spring
member being pre-loaded so as to resiliently displace said
diaphragm member in the other direction when said pressure
differential is less than said predetermined value, and that there
are provided a second spring member biasing said bellows member in
said the other direction to cause the same to follow the
displacement of said diaphragm member in said the other direction
for thereby shifting the normal operative position of said bellows
member in said the other direction, and stop means for limiting the
displacement of said diaphragm member and said bellows member in
said the other direction.
2. A device as defined in claim 1, in which said stop means is an
adjusting screw member threadably extending through the wall of
said housing into said the other chamber.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a system for controlling
fuel supply to an internal combustion engine and, particularly, to
a device for sensing an under-pressure within an air inlet pipe of
such engine to electrically actuate the fuel injection valves of
the engine so that controlled amount of fuel is supplied to the
combustion chambers of the engine.
In an internal combustion engine of spark-ignition type, the output
of the engine is generally controlled by a throttle valve which is
operable to adjust the flow of air to be taken into the engine.
Thus, it is required to supply fuel of an amount appropriate for
the flow of air adjusted by the throttle valve. The ratio of the
air flow relative to the amount of fuel is required to be variable
with the purposes of the operation of the engine. Particularly, the
output characteristic of the internal combustion engine for use
with a vehicle such as a motorcar is such that it is desired to
supply air and fuel at a mixing ratio which would provide lean
mixture when a lesser output of the engine is sufficient as is in a
normal operation of the motorcar, whereas it is required to operate
the engine in a manner to produce as large an output as possible
rather than in a manner to obtain an economical operation of the
engine when the motorcar is to be accelerated. In the internal
combustion engine which employs a throttle valve, it has been found
that the air flow adjusted by a throttle valve is in proportion to
the absolute pressure within the air inlet pipe and the rotation of
the engine. Thus, when it is required to operate such an engine at
a constant mixing ratio of air flow relative to amount of fuel so
as to obtain an output of a certain constant magnitude, the fuel
supply system of the engine may preferably be actuated by an
electrical signal in accordance with the pressure within the intake
manifold of the engine. Such an electrical signal has heretofore
been obtained by use of a vacuumed bellows member or members.
The range of the mixing ratio of the air flow relative to the
amount of fuel, that is, so-called "air-fuel ratio," which ratio is
needed to provide a greater magnitude of the engine output, may be
obtainable by use of an appropriate auxiliary means such as an
electrical circuit including a switch which is operable in response
to the opening of the throttle valve or a decrease in the pressure
within the intake manifold of the engine to emit an electrical
signal by means of which the quantity of the fuel supply is
increased. Alternatively, such ratio is obtained by use of the
above-mentioned vacuumed bellows members operated so as to have
non-linear operative characteristic. In the former instance, it is
required to employ a completely independent additional circuit for
electrical signals which will inevitably complicates the fuel
supply control system while, in the latter instance, the employment
of the non-linear operative characteristic of the vacuumed bellows
members will be encountered by a difficulty in setting the members
in well adjusted condition. In addition, the system according to
the latter instance will be operable with absolute pressure only,
so that the system will not be suited for an engine which is
adapted to be operated under decreased atmospheric pressure as is
in a highland.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a device for
sensing pressure within the intake manifold of an internal
combustion engine to control the amount of fuel to be supplied
thereto which device can eliminate such an additional electrical
circuit for producing electrical signals for a larger air-fuel
ratio as required in the case where a greater output of the engine
is required.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a pressure
sensing device of the kind specified in the preceding paragraph and
which is operable also under reduced atmospheric pressure as is in
a highland and which can be easily set in an adjusted
condition.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a
pressure sensing device of the kind specified in the preceding
paragraph and which is operable in response to change in the
pressure within the intake manifold of the engine and also in
response to change in pressure differential between the pressure
within the intake manifold and the atmospheric pressure to produce
electrical signals of linear characteristic which are adapted to be
used for actuating the fuel injection valves so that the latter
will operate to inject the fuel of an amount required for the
condition of the engine as represented by the changes in the intake
air pressure and in the pressure differential.
The above objects will be achieved by a device of the present
invention which comprises means operable in response to variation
in absolute pressure value within an intake manifold of an internal
combustion engine to cause the amount of fuel supply to the engine
to be controlled so as to provide the maximum thermal efficiency
for the engine during normal operation thereof, means operable in
response to variation in pressure differential of more than a
predetermined value between the pressure within said intake
manifold and the atmospheric pressure to mechanically shift the
normally operating position of said absolute pressure variation
responsive means in a direction in which the fuel supply is
increased, said predetermined value of said pressure differential
being set to represent the state of the engine which requires a
greater output of the engine to be produced, and transducer means,
such as electrical ones, for transforming the movement of said
absolute pressure variation responsive means into signals to be fed
to fuel supply adjusting means, such as fuel injection valves, on
the engine.
The absolute pressure variation responsive means may comprise at
least one axially expansible bellows member axially movably mounted
within a hermetically sealed chamber defined by a housing of said
sensing device. The pressure differential variation responsive
means may comprise a diaphragm member extending within said housing
radially thereof and partly serving to define said chamber and
partly serving to define another chamber within said housing. The
transducer means may comprise a core member mechanically connected
to one side face of said bellows member and being axially movable
thereby. The transducer means may also comprise a stationary
electrical coil member mounted on the wall of said housing and
extending around said core member in radially closely spaced
relationship thereto.
The present invention also contemplates to provide a system for
controlling fuel supply to an internal combustion engine which
system includes a pressure sensing device as specified in the
above.
The above and other objects and features of the present invention
will be made more apparent by the following description with
reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate an
embodiment of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the system
for controlling fuel supply to an internal combustion engine
according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged and detailed illustration, partly in section,
of a part of the system shown in FIG. 1; and
FIG. 3 is a graphical illustration of the characteristic of the
operation of the part of the system shown in FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring first to FIG. 1 of the drawings, there is schematically
illustrated a part of an internal combustion engine including a
combustion chamber 1, an air inlet valve 2 and an intake manifold 3
in which a throttle valve 4 is adjustably provided. An air cleaner
5 having an air intake pipe 6 is mounted on the intake manifold 3
at the outer end thereof. An electrically controlled fuel injection
valve 7 is mounted on the intake manifold 3. The valve 7 is
supplied with fuel from a fuel supply conduit 11 which leads to a
supply source of the fuel such as a fuel pump (not shown).
A conduit 8 is connected at one end to the intake manifold 3
between the fuel injection valve 7 and the throttle valve 4
therein. A device 10 is connected to the conduit 8 at its other end
for sensing the air pressure within the intake manifold 3 exposed
to the pressure detecting device 10. The pressure detecting device
10 is opened to the atmospheric pressure preferably through a
conduit 9 interconnecting the detecting device 10 and the air
cleaner 5. The pressure detecting device 10 is adapted to compare
the air pressure within the intake manifold 3 with the atmospheric
pressure within the air cleaner 5 and provides electrical output
signals which are fed through a line 12 to an adjuster 13 which in
turn supplies adjusted electrical output signals through lines 14
to respective fuel injection valves 7 so that the opening and
closing operations of these injection valves are electrically
controlled to permit the fuel in the conduit 11 to be introduced
into respective engine cylinders.
FIG. 2 illustrates, partly in section, the details of the
construction of the pressure detecting device 10. As will be seen
in this figure, the pressure detecting device 10 comprises a
generally cylindrical housing 15 closed by a convex closure cap 16
and a flat closure plate 17 both hermetically secured to the
opposite end faces of the housing 15 by means of fastening screws
36 and 27, respectively. The housing has an integral transverse
partition wall 15 a which divides the interior of the housing into
two chambers 15b and 15c. Another chamber 16a is defined by the
closure cap 16 and a diaphragm 30 having its peripheral edge
hermetically fastened between the inner surface of the cap 16 and
the corresponding outer end face of the housing 15. The diaphragm
30 carries on the opposite sides a pair of dish-like washers 31 and
32 which are hermetically assembled together with the diaphragm 30
by means of a central shaft 33 extending axially through these
members. Thus, it will be appreciated that the diaphragm 30 also
serves to partly define the chamber 15b.
The housing 15 is provided therein with a second transverse wall 28
formed therein with a plurality of apertures 28a and having outer
peripheral edge in engagement with an annular shoulder formed on
the inner surface of the housing. The apertured wall 28 has a
central hollow tubular portion 28b extending axially toward the
dish-like washer 31 on the diaphragm 30. The central shaft 33 has
an enlarged diameter portion axially extending loosely into the
tubular portion 28b. The enlarged diameter portion has its end face
formed with a concave spherical recess 33a therein for the purpose
which will become apparent later. A compression coil spring 29
extends around the tubular portion 28b between the apertured wall
28 and the dish-like washer 31 so as to resiliently bias the
diaphragm 30 leftwards as viewed in FIG. 2. An adjustable stop 34
is screwed down through the wall of the closure cap 16 into chamber
16a and is set in a proper position by means of a check nut 35. The
above-mentioned conduit 9 is connected to the closure cap 16 so
that the chamber 16a is in communication with the interior of the
air cleaner 5 by means of the conduit 9.
Within the chamber 15b is mounted an axial shaft 21 having an outer
end extending axially outwardly through a central opening in the
wall 15a into the chamber 15c. The outer end of the shaft 21
carries thereon a core 22. An electrical coil 24 is mounted in the
chamber 15c in radially closely spaced relationship to the core 22
on the shaft 21. The coil 24 has terminals 26 hermetically
extending outwardly through an electrically insulating plug 25 on
the closure plate 17 and are electrically connected to the adjuster
13 by means of the line 12. The coil 24 constitutes a displacement
transducer which produces an electrical signal or output voltage
across its terminal 26 according to a given displacement of the
core 22.
The shaft 21 is connected at its inner end with a dish-like washer
20 to which is secured one end face of a first axially expansible
bellows member 18b the other end face of which is connected through
an axial member 18c to one end face of a second axially expansible
bellows member 18a which in turn is secured at the other end face
to a shaft 19 having a rounded outer end detachably received in the
aforestated spherical recess 33a in the inner end face of the
diaphragm shaft 33. A compression coil spring 23 extends around the
shaft 21 between the housing wall 15a and the dish-like washer 20
so as to impart axial force to the bellows members 18b and 18a
toward the diaphragm 30 or, in other words, in a direction in which
these bellows members are restrained from axially expanding.
The above-mentioned conduit 8 is connected to the housing 15 so
that the chamber 15b is in communication with the interior of the
intake manifold 3 by means of the conduit 8.
In operation, the pressure within the intake manifold 3 of the
engine is led through the conduit 8 to the chamber 15b. As the wall
28 is apertured, the pressure is exerted to one side of the
diaphragm 30. On the other hand, the pressure within the air
cleaner 5, which pressure is substantially equal to atmospheric
pressure, is led to the chamber 16a through the conduit 9 and
exerted to the other side of the diaphragm 30.
The fuel within the fuel conduit 11 is pressurized up to a
predetermined pressure level by a fuel pump (not shown) and is
arriving at the fuel injection valves 7. The adjuster 13 is
supplied with signals related to the rotation of the engine by a
means (not shown). At the same time, the detector 10 detects the
change in the pressure within the conduit 8 and, thus within the
intake manifold 3 as caused by adjustment of the position of the
throttle valve 4. The detector 10 is operable to transform the
pressure change into an electrical signal which is also fed to the
adjuster 13 which in turn determines, in accordance with the two
kinds of input signals, the period of time during which a third
electrical signal is to be fed to the fuel injection valves 7 so as
to cause the fuel to be injected thereby. Thus, the adjuster 13
feeds to the fuel injection valves 7 the third signal which is
durable for the determined period of time. It will therefore be
appreciated that the adjuster 13 controls the quantity of the fuel
to be injected by the fuel injection valves 7.
Referring then to FIG. 2, a description will be made with respect
to the device 10 for detecting the pressure within the intake
manifold 3. For the purpose of simplifying the description, it is
now assumed that the washer 31 of the diaphragm 30 is urged into
abutting engagement with the end face of the tubular portion 28b of
the apertured wall 28. The bellows members 18a and 18b are so
preset as to have the illustrated positions with their inner spaces
vacuumed. The bellows members are thus operable to axially expand
or collapse in response to change in the pressure surrounding the
bellows members within the chamber 15b. Since the axial member 19
is held stationary by the concave spherical bearing seat 33a of the
diaphragm shaft 33, the bellows members 18a and 18b will axially
displace the core 22 to a position in which the amount of the
pressure change equilibrates with the axially biasing force of the
coil spring 23 between the bellows washer 20 and the housing wall
15a. In other words, when the pressure within the chamber 15b is
increased, the bellows members 18a and 18b are axially collapsed to
displace the core 22 leftwards as viewed in FIG. 2 relative to the
coil 24 so that the latter will emit electrical signals whereby the
quantity of the fuel to be injected is increased. On the other
hand, when the pressure within the chamber 15b is decreased, the
bellows members 18a and 18b are axially expanded to shift the core
22 rightwards as viewed in FIG. 2 with respect to the coil 24,
resulting in decrease in the quantity of the fuel to be passed
through the fuel injection valves 7.
The diaphragm 30 and the coil spring 29 are so arranged that the
diaphragm 30 and its central shaft 33 are forced rightwards as
viewed in FIG. 2 to urge the diaphragm washer 31 against the end
face of the tubular portion 28b of the apertured wall 28 by the
pressure differential between the atmospheric pressure within the
chamber 16a and the pressure within the chamber 15b when the
pressure differential is more than a predetermined value, for
example, 100 mm. Hg. In other words, the resiliency of the
diaphragm 30 is so determined that the axially rightward force of
the diaphragm is greater than the axially leftward force produced
by the spring 29 to thereby urge the diaphragm washer 31 against
the tubular portion 28b (as shown in FIG. 2) when the air pressure
within the chamber 15b acting on one side of the diaphragm 30 is
less than the atmospheric pressure within the other chamber 16a
acting on the other side of the diaphragm by more than the
predetermined value, namely, 100 mm. Hg. in an embodiment of the
invention. Thus, when the pressure within the intake manifold 3 is
maintained within a range the maximum value of which is less than
the atmospheric pressure by more than a predetermined value, for
example, 100 mm. Hg., the bellows members 18a and 18b are operable
to axially expand or collapse in a similar manner as that in which
they are operable in a case where the diaphragm 30 should not be
employed. This is a diagrammatically illustrated in FIG. 3 in which
the leftward stroke of the core 22 is represented by "L" in
ordinate and the pressure within the intake manifold 3 is
represented by "P" in abscissa. Assuming that the atmospheric
pressure is at 760 mm. Hg., the bellows members 18a and 18b operate
in accordance with the pressure within the intake manifold to move
the core 22 in a linear characteristic as indicated at "a" before
the pressure within the intake manifold 3 is reached by 660 mm. Hg.
(760-.DELTA.P).
It is then assumed that the pressure within the intake manifold 3
is increased up to a value which is differentiated from the
atmospheric pressure value by less than 100 mm. Hg., that is, up to
a value 660 plus .DELTA.P. Under the circumstance, the air
pressures acting on both sides of the diaphragm 30 have a reduced
pressure differential so that the axially leftward biassing force
of the diaphragm spring 29 overcomes the axially rightward force of
the diaphragm 30 as produced by the reduced pressure differential
to thereby cause the diaphragm and the concave spherical bearing
recess 33a in the diaphragm shaft 33 to be moved leftwards as
viewed in FIG. 2 to a position in which an equilibrium is obtained.
In addition, the increased pressure within the manifold 3 and,
thus, within the chamber 15b will partially collapse the bellows
members 18a and 18b. The leftward movement of the diaphragm 30 is
combined with the collapse of the bellows members so that the core
22 is moved leftward a distance .DELTA.L as indicated by "b" in
FIG. 3.
When the pressure within the intake manifold 3 is increased to be
equal with the atmospheric pressure, the diaphragm 30 does not have
an axially rightward force produced by the pressure difference and
thus is moved to a position in which the diaphragm shaft 33 is
urged against the stop 34. In this position of the diaphragm
assembly, the displacement or stroke "L" of the core 22 relative to
the air pressure "P" within the chamber 15b solely depends upon the
axial expansion of the bellows members 18a and 18b against the
spring 23 and is of linear characteristic as indicated at "c" in
FIG. 3. It will be appreciated that the line a in FIG. 3 is in
parallel with the line c and is spaced therefrom by a distance
corresponding to .DELTA.L. When the pressure within the chamber 15b
is decreased so sufficiently that the diaphragm assembly which has
been pressed against the stop 34 will be moved rightwards, the
movement of the diaphragm assembly is added to the displacement of
the core 22 caused by the axial expansion of the bellows members
18a and 18b, with the result that the core 22 has an increased
rightward stroke or displacement as indicated by "b" in FIG. 3.
This increased displacement of the core 22 will be transformed by
the electrical coil 24 into an electrical signal which will be fed
through the terminals 26 and the line 12 to the controller 13 which
in turn will be operable to control the quantity of the fuel to be
fed through the fuel injection valves 7. It will be understood
that, in a case where the system of the present invention is not
provided with the diaphragm 30, the system will have an output
characteristic represented by a dotted line a' when the pressure
within the intake manifold 3 is more than 660 mm. Hg. The output
characteristic line c is in parallel with the imaginary output
characteristic line a' and is spaced or shifted therefrom a
distance .DELTA.L. The two lines a' and c are interconnected by the
inclined line b. The degree of the inclination of the line b
depends upon the characteristic of the spring acting on the
diaphragm 30.
As will be seen from the above description, the system of the
present invention is operable to control the fuel supply to the
engine in such a manner that the fuel is supplied through the fuel
injection valves to the combustion chambers at such a flow rate as
to provide maximum thermal efficiency for the operation of the
engine when the pressure differential between the pressure within
the intake manifold 3 and the atmospheric pressure is more than a
predetermined value .DELTA.P, for example, 100 mm. Hg. in the
instant embodiment of the invention. In addition, when the engine
is in a state in which the pressure differential between the
pressure within the intake manifold and the atmospheric pressure is
less than the predetermined value .DELTA.P, or in other words, when
the engine is in a state in which a greater output of the engine is
required as is during accelerating operation, the system of the
invention is operable to control the fuel injection valves so that
increased amount of fuel is allowed to pass through the valves into
the combustion chambers.
With the fuel supply controlling system of the present invention,
the change in fuel supply rate, that is, the change from a fuel
supply rate at which the fuel is supplied to the engine so as to
provide a maximum thermal efficiency for the engine as is in normal
operation thereof to a fuel supply rate at which increased amount
of fuel is supplied to the engine as is during accelerating
operation, is achieved solely by the pressure differential between
the air pressure acting on the diaphragm 30 which pressure
differential serves to displace the initial positions of the
bellows members 18a and 18b and the core 22 with respect to the
electrical coil 24. Thus, the present invention is not required to
employ an additional electrical circuit including a change-over
switch which is otherwise required by conventional system of this
kind for fuel supply at a greater rate so as to cause the engine to
produce a greater output such as at accelerating operation. In
addition, the bellows members 18a and 18b and the spring 23 of the
present invention are not required to operate in non-linear
characteristic even when these members alone are relied upon in
performing control of the fuel supply, with a resultant advantage
that the present invention can provide a fuel supply controlling
system which is simple in construction and is easy to manufacture.
Furthermore, since the system of the present invention utilizes the
pressure differential between the atmospheric pressure and the
pressure within the air inlet pipe both acting upon the diaphragm
30 to perform a change in fuel supply rate when a greater output of
the engine is required as is at accelerating operation of the
engine, an additional advantage is obtainable that, even if the
engine is operated in an atmosphere of varied absolute value such
as in a high ground, the system of the invention is not influenced
by the variation in the absolute value of the atmospheric pressure
and is operable to accurately increase the quantity of the fuel to
be supplied to the engine at accelerating operation thereof.
* * * * *