U.S. patent number 3,754,133 [Application Number 05/173,122] was granted by the patent office on 1973-08-21 for lamp for use in a high pressure environment.
This patent grant is currently assigned to New York University. Invention is credited to Theobald Reich, Myron Youdin.
United States Patent |
3,754,133 |
Youdin , et al. |
August 21, 1973 |
LAMP FOR USE IN A HIGH PRESSURE ENVIRONMENT
Abstract
In a lamp for use in a chamber containing a high pressure
environment preferably greater than one atmosphere wherein the lamp
includes a light source and a substantially pressure tight
explosion-proof housing, the light source being located within the
housing interior and the housing exterior being capable of
withstanding pressures greater than atmospheric pressure, means are
provided which are cooperatively associated with the housing for
maintaining the interior of the housing substantially at
atmospheric pressure while the interior of the chamber exterior to
the housing is at a higher pressure, the housing being
substantially non-porous with respect to the chamber interior.
Inventors: |
Youdin; Myron (Flushing,
NY), Reich; Theobald (New York, NY) |
Assignee: |
New York University (New York,
NY)
|
Family
ID: |
22630631 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/173,122 |
Filed: |
August 19, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
362/267 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F21V
25/12 (20130101); F21W 2131/205 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F21V
25/12 (20060101); F21V 25/00 (20060101); F21S
8/00 (20060101); A61g 013/00 (); F21v 029/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;240/11.2E,11.2R,11.3,11.4,26,47,1.4 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
202,086 |
|
Aug 1923 |
|
GB |
|
884,039 |
|
Dec 1961 |
|
GB |
|
Primary Examiner: Greiner; Robert P.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In a lamp for use in a chamber containing a high pressure
environment greater than a predetermined normal atmospheric
pressure wherein said lamp includes a light source and a housing,
said light source being located within said housing interior and
said housing exterior being capable of withstanding pressures
greater than said atmospheric pressure, the improvement comprising
means cooperatively associated with said housing for maintaining at
least the portion of the interior of said housing surrounding said
light source substantially at atmospheric pressure while the
interior of the chamber exterior to said housing is at said greater
high pressure, said housing including means for substantially
isolating said housing interior environment from said chamber
interior environment, a globe capable of passing light
therethrough, said globe being in surrounding relationship with
said light source and being closed at opposite ends thereof to
complete said housing by said isolation means, said maintaining
means comprising a conduit in communication at one end with the
interior of said housing through said isolation means and at the
other end with the exterior of said chamber, said housing further
comprising means for maintaining said globe in compression, said
compression means including compressible gasket means in
communication with said housing interior and said chamber interior
for enabling a predetermined minimal amount of leakage of gas from
said chamber interior to said housing interior for continuously
purging said conduit while maintaining said housing interior
substantially at atmospheric pressure, said chamber exterior being
at said normal atmospheric pressure, said conduit venting any
gasses in said housing interior to said chamber exterior, whereby
said housing interior is substantially pressure tight with respect
to the chamber interior high pressure surrounding environment.
2. A lamp in accordance with claim 1 wherein said globe is a filter
for heat due to said light source, said light source and said globe
comprising a heat filtered light source.
3. A lamp in accordance with claim 1 wherein said lamp further
comprises an electrical conductor for supplying power to said light
source, said conduit further providing a passageway for said
conductor between said light source and a source of power
therefor.
4. A lamp in accordance with claim 1 wherein said housing exterior
is capable of withstanding pressure excursions in the range of at
least one to eight atmospheres when said housing interior portion
is maintained at a pressure of substantially one atmosphere.
5. A lamp in accordance with claim 1 wherein said isolation means
comprises end cap means composed essentially of an aluminum alloy.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to lamps for use in high pressure
environments.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Lamps for use in operating room environments at normal atmospheric
pressures are well known. Such prior art lamps are normally
explosion-proof but are not pressure tight as an explosion-proof
housing only requires that the housing be strong enough to
withstand explosion or implosion, such as due to combustible
vapors. In such lamps, an explosion-proof globe is provided in
which is contained a light source. These conventional surgical
lights normally must be easily adjustable, shadow reduced and have
a heat filtered light source to prevent burning the patient. In
addition, a hyperbaric light must be explosion and implosion proof,
as was previously mentioned, and because of the greater fire hazard
in a hyperbaric chamber, must have all electrical cables enclosed
in a metalic conduit as a precaution against mechanical damage to
the insulation.
The globes of such lamps are normally closed at at least one end,
or both ends depending on the type of lamp, by a porous end cap.
These caps are porous so as to vent hot vapors into the hyperbaric
chamber atmosphere to reduce the possibility of explosion or
implosion. However, since the light sources or bulbs which are
normally utilized with such lamps are not rated to withstand
pressures as high as the pressures normally utilized in a
hyperbaric chamber, which may range as high as six to eight
atmospheres, there is always a danger of implosion of the bulb due
to the high pressure gasses entering the globe housing through the
porous end caps. Normal venting of these vapors from the interior
of the lamp housing to the hyperbaric chamber atmosphere does not
significantly reduce this danger of implosion of the bulb.
Some light sources, although not surgical lamps, have been provided
wherein a conduit is connected to the exterior of the hyperbaric
chamber, such as in a fixed lamp installation. However, such lamps
also contain a porous, that is non-pressure tight, housing which
permits the high pressure gasses contained within the hyperbaric
chamber to enter the housing. Such lamps are not designed to
maintain the interior of the housing at atmospheric pressure.
Accordingly, the high pressure gasses entering the interior of the
housing are not vented rapidly enough to maintain the interior of
the housing at atmospheric pressure while the hyperbaric chamber is
maintained at a pressure significantly above this. Therefore, the
danger of implosion of the bulb still exists in such lamps.
Accordingly, to date no satisfactory lamp for use in a high
pressure environment which is both explosion-proof and pressure
tight, has been provided.
The present invention overcomes these disadvantages of the prior
art.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A lamp for use in a chamber containing a high pressure environment
is provided. This environment pressure is preferably normally
greater than atmospheric pressure. The lamp includes a light source
and a substantially pressure tight housing wherein the light source
is located within the housing interior. The housing is preferably
explosion-proof and has a means cooperatively associated therewith
for maintaining the interior of the housing substantially at
atmospheric pressure while the interior of the chamber exterior to
the housing is at a higher pressure. The housing is substantially
non-porous with respect to the chamber interior whereby the housing
interior is substantially pressure tight with respect to the
chamber interior high pressure surrounding environment.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the preferred embodiment of the
present invention taken through the center thereof;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 taken
along the line 2--2; and
FIG. 3 is a front elevation, partially in schematic, of an
alternative embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to the drawings in detail and especially to FIG. 1
thereof, a surgical lamp, generally referred to by the reference
numeral 10, for use in a high pressure hyperbaric chamber is shown
by way of example. Lamp 10 preferably includes a parabolic
reflector 12, such as one having a polished aluminum reflecting
surface. The parabolic reflector 12 is conventional and preferably
includes a central or hub portion 14 having recesses and a through
hole therein for aiding in the assembly of the lamp 10 in
conventional fashion. The lamp 10, in addition to the parabolic
reflector 12, includes a substantially pressure-tight housing 16.
The housing 16 preferably includes an upper end cap or dome 18 and
a lower end cap or dome 20, end caps 18 and 20 being spaced apart
from each other and located at the ends of the housing 16. These
end caps 18 and 20 are non-porous and are preferably composed of a
metal such as non-porous 2024 aluminum alloy made by the Alcoa
Corporation, although any non-porous lightweight high pressure
resistant material may be preferably utilized without departing
from the present invention. The housing 16 also preferably includes
a globe 23 and a heat filter 22 so as to provide a heat filtered
light source to prevent burning the patient. Most preferably, the
heat filter 22, preferably cuts out yellow light to protect the
patient from the high intensity light. The globe 23 preferably
consists of implosion and explosion resistant glass, such as Pyrex,
which is preferably implosion and explosion resistant to at least
nine atmospheres for use in a high pressure hyperbaric chamber.
As can be seen by reference to FIG. 2, the heat filter 22 is
preferably composed of four sections 22A, 22B, 22C and 22D which
are held in position between channels 25 and 27. Upper end cap 18
preferably is clamped into parabolic reflector hub 14 by means of
clamping screw 35. The heat filter 22 is preferably maintained in
compression between upper channel 25 and the lower channel 27 by
means of filter supporting rods 24 which are secured to the end
caps preferably by threaded bolts in conventional fashion and are
maintained in compression by means of spring members 26 and a
deflection sleeve 28. The deflection sleeve 28 is preferably
located at a fixed predetermined position on the filter support
rods 24 for protecting the springs 26 from the intense heat
generated by the light source associated with the lamp 10.
Preferably, a rubber gasket or some other resilient material is
located at the end points of contact between the globe 23 and the
end caps 20 and 14, and between the end cap 18 and hub 14. These
gaskets 30 are maintained in compression by the filter support rods
which also serve as the rods and the nuts or spacers 52 so as to
complete the housing 16.
As was previously mentioned, the lamp 10 includes a high intensity
light source 32 which is preferably mounted in a through hole in
central opening 14 which is in communication with a central recess
34 in the upper end cap 18. The light source 32, which is mounted
in conventional fashion and is supported in upper end cap 18,
includes a collar 36 at the socket end of the light source 32 which
collar includes a plurality of apertures or vents 38 for permitting
heated air in the area surrounding the light source 32 to escape
therethrough into the interior of the housing 16 and recess 34 in
upper end cap 18. Preferably, a tubing conduit 40, which is most
preferably a flexible metal tubing conduit, is secured to upper end
cap 18 through an opening therein in pressure tight relationship
with one end thereof, having the other end thereof secured to the
wall 42 of the chamber in which the lamp 10 is mounted, such as by
means of a rotary seal 44 so as to reduce torsion stress on the
conduit 40 such as during flexure thereof.
The conduit 40 preferably serves the dual function of a passageway
for the electrical wires 46 which provide power to the light source
32 from a conventional power source 48, preferably located external
to the hyperbaric chamber, and as a conduit for venting gasses
contained within housing 16 which are at a higher pressure than the
chamber exterior, which is preferably at atmospheric pressure, or
one atmosphere. Preferably, the conduit 40 provides a shield for
the electrical wires or cable 46 to avoid any danger of noxious
fumes being provided to the interior of the hyperbaric chamber in
the event of insulation fire. The conduit 40 in venting any gasses
contained within the interior of the housing 16 at a pressure
greater than one atmosphere, will of course also vent any hot
gasses contained within the housing 16 interior such as due to the
heating of the air contained therewithin at turn-on of the lamp.
Preferably, the gaskets 30 can be compressed so as to still permit
minimal leakage to the interior of the housing 16 due to the
pressure differential between the hyperbaric chamber interior and
the housing interior so as to provide for a continuous air purge of
the conduit 40 if desired.
As also shown in FIG. 1, the lamp 10 also preferably includes a
conventional deflection plate 50 spaced from the lower end cap 20
by means of conventional spacers 52 for deflecting any hot gasses
external to the housing 16 in the path of the high intensity light
source 32 so as to prevent these gasses from being directed towards
the patient. In addition, the lamp 10 also preferably includes a
conventional U-shaped supporting bracket 54 having a handle 56
secured thereto at the center thereof for purposes of moving the
lamp 10, or adjusting its position with reference to work surface
such as along a track, during normal usage thereof.
When the lamp 10 is utilized in a high pressure environment greater
than atmospheric pressure or one atmosphere, such as in a
hyperbaric chamber which is normally maintained at up to three
atmospheres absolute for normal patient therapy and up to six
atmospheres absolute for treating patients for the bends and oxygen
toxicity studies, the interior of the housing 16 is maintained at
approximately one atmosphere absolute of pressure despite the much
greater pressure of the surrounding chamber interior due to the
non-porous housing 16 and the venting provided by the conduit 40.
In this manner, conventional high intensity light sources 30 may be
utilized within their normal pressure rated capacity, which is
normally between one and two atmospheres absolute, without fear of
implosion of the light source 30 due to substantial high pressure
occurring within the interior of the housing 16.
Referring now to FIG. 3, an alternative embodiment is shown which
is similar to that previously described with reference to FIG. 1
with the exception that the housing 16A only consists of an upper
dome 60 which bears the lamp socket, and a lower, color corrected
glass dome 62 which functions as the heat filter, glass dome 62
being secured to upper dome or end cap 60 to form an
explosion-proof enclosure similar to that provided by means of the
two end caps 20 and 18 and the heat filter 22 of the embodiment
shown in FIG. 1. The interior of the housing 16A is vented through
the upper dome 16 through tubing conduit 40A which is fastened at
one end in pressure tight relationship to an opening in end cap 60
and at the other end in pressure tight relationship to an opening
in the chamber wall 42 so as to communicate with the chamber
exterior which is preferably at one atmosphere. In addition, a
plurality of channels 64 are provided which are similar to vents 38
for venting heated air.
As was previously mentioned, the conduit 40A serves the dual
function of venting gasses to the exterior of the chamber so as to
maintain the housing 16A interior at approximately one atmosphere,
and providing a passageway for the insulated electrical wires used
to energize the light source 32A.
Once again, if preferred, gaskets may be utilized between the end
points of contact between the glass dome 62 and the upper end cap
60 so as to enable a minimal slight leakage of air through the
gasketed seal between the domes 60 and 62 for continuous air purge
of the conduit 40A. Both the glass dome 62 of the embodiment shown
in FIG. 3 and the heat filter 22 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1
are preferably designed so as to be implosion and explosion
resistant under high pressure such as at least nine atmospheres.
The lamp 10A shown in FIG. 3 also preferably includes a parabolic
reflector 12A similar to the reflector 12 previously described with
reference to FIG. 1.
By utilizing the lamp of the present invention, a conventional low
pressure rated light source may be utilized in a high pressure
environment in which the light source or bulb can be maintained at
approximately atmospheric pressure despite the high pressure
environment surrounding the lamp housing or globe.
It is to be understood that the above described embodiments of the
invention are merely illustrative of the principles thereof and
that numerous modifications and embodiments of the invention may be
derived within the spirit and scope thereof such as by providing
any type of non-porous housing in conjunction with a conduit for
venting the interior of the housing to the exterior of the high
pressure environment which exterior is at atmospheric pressure.
* * * * *