U.S. patent number 3,569,692 [Application Number 04/701,357] was granted by the patent office on 1971-03-09 for underwater floodlight fixture.
Invention is credited to Louis A. Johnson, William C. Ramsey.
United States Patent |
3,569,692 |
Johnson , et al. |
March 9, 1971 |
UNDERWATER FLOODLIGHT FIXTURE
Abstract
An underwater electric light fixture which includes an elongated
transparent tube sealed at each end and provided with an electric
bulb positioned therein. Each end of the bulb is received in an
adjustable socket located at opposed axial ends of the transparent
tube. Widely spaced apart connectors attached to the outer ends of
opposed bulb sockets allow replacement of the entire light fixture
by a simple unplugging action without power shutoff and without
arcing between the unplugged connectors. An external reflective
member may be provided adjacent the transparent tube to enhance
visibility.
Inventors: |
Johnson; Louis A. (Oxnard,
CA), Ramsey; William C. (Oxnard, CA) |
Family
ID: |
24817036 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/701,357 |
Filed: |
January 29, 1968 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
362/267; 439/271;
439/181 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F21V
31/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F21V
31/00 (20060101); F21v 031/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;240/26,11.2,11.4,11.2
(EP)/ ;240/3 ;339/60,94,101,102,213 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
647,941 |
|
Dec 1950 |
|
GB |
|
1,112,206 |
|
Aug 1961 |
|
DT |
|
Primary Examiner: Horan; John M.
Assistant Examiner: Greiner; Robert P.
Claims
We claim:
1. A light fixture intended for underwater use and designed to
permit substitution or replacement thereof while submerged without
deenergizing the power source conductors while at the same time
protecting the individual making the substitution or replacement
from the possibility of arcing or electrical shock while so
engaged, said fixture comprising in combination:
a lamp of elongated configuration;
a generally tubular member enclosing said lamp, said tubular member
having outwardly-flared ends and being composed of a material
through which a substantial proportion of the light rays emitted by
said lamp may pass;
pair of plates disposed in parallel spaced-apart relationship and
respectively closing the flared ends of said tubular member in such
a manner as to form a watertight seal, each plate of said pair
having an opening therein aligned with the axis of said elongated
lamp;
a pair of triangularly-shaped flanges each having a central opening
therein, said flanges being positioned to respectively encircle the
flared ends of said tubular member, and with the opening in each
flange being internally configured to conform to the surface
portion of said tubular member proximate thereto and with the
minimum diameter of each flange opening being greater than the
maximum outer diameter of the flared end of the tubular member with
which it is associated;
a pair of compressible inserts respectively lying between said
flanges and the surface portion of the tubular member proximate
thereto;
a plurality of threaded rods interconnecting said plates and
disposed parallel to one another and to the axis of said tubular
member;
a plurality of nuts associated with said rods and respectively
receivable thereon, whereby a tightening of said nuts acts to urge
said plates toward their respective ends of said tubular member and
enhance the watertight seal therebetween;
each of said rods also passing through aligned openings in said
pair of flanges;
additional nuts associated with said rods and respectively
receivable thereon adjacent said pair of flanges, whereby a
tightening of said additional nuts compresses said inserts and
urges said flanges toward their respective adjacent plates;
a light reflector of concave configuration located exterior to said
tubular member and supported by at least one of said threaded rods
so as to extend in a direction generally parallel to that of both
said lamp and to the tubular member within which such lamp is
enclosed;
a pair of electrical connecting assemblies each having a portion
passing through one of the aligned openings in said pair of plates
so as to project into said tubular member;
a pair of adapters within said tubular member and respectively
carried on the inwardly-projecting ends of said connecting
assemblies, each adapter of said pair having an axial opening into
which one end of said elongated lamp is receivable so as to make
electrical contract with its respective connecting assembly;
each connecting assembly of said pair being made up of a first
electrical contact member projecting outwardly from the plate with
which it is associated, and a second exteriorly-insulated contact
member terminating one of said power source conductors and
manually-separable from said first electrical contact member, said
second contact member being deeply recessed within its exterior
insulation when separated from said first contact member, and
thereby protecting an individual making a substitution or
replacement of said fixture from the possibility of harm due to
arcing or electrical shock occurring while so engaged.
Description
The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or
for the Government of the United States of America for governmental
purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or
therefor.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates in general to lighting devices and in
particular to a high intensity underwater floodlight fixture.
Because underwater visibility is ordinarily so poor such
floodlights are widely used in underwater photography.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Previous underwater electric lights have generally required that
the power thereto be shut off prior to disconnecting and installing
a new light should this ever become necessary, such as in the event
of a burnout, breakage, cleaning, etc. However, with the advent of
the present invention, such time-consuming and dangerous procedures
are obviated since the light of the present invention can be
quickly and safely disconnected, and a new light positioned in
place thereof while still under water and without power
shutoff.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In general, a light fixture as contemplated by this invention
comprises a light having a strong tubular transparent protective
enclosure sealed at the ends. In order to provide high intensity
illumination the light operates on 110--120 volts AC and is
designed to be replaced under water without shutting off the power
source by unplugging widely spaced electrical connectors located at
opposite ends of the light. A light reflector is placed on the
outside of the watertight enclosure providing a greater angle of
light reflection and area of light coverage than is obtained by
other commercial lights.
Accordingly an object of the invention is to provide a deep
underwater light fixture that is adapted to be replaced without
power shutoff.
Another object of the invention is to provide a deep underwater
light fixture having the light enclosed by a sealed watertight
transparent enclosure.
Another object of the invention is to provide a deep underwater
light fixture having connectors positioned on the opposed ends
thereof whereby the light fixture may be safely replaced without
undesirable power arcing between disconnected electrical
connectors.
A further object of the invention is to provide a deep underwater
light fixture in which the light reflector is placed outside the
watertight enclosure giving a better area of light coverage than
was obtainable heretofore by prior art devices.
Still another object of the invention is to provide an inexpensive,
deep underwater light fixture having standard commercially
available components therein.
Other objects, advantages, and novel features of the invention will
become apparent from the following detailed description of the
invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying
drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view, partially in section of one
embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a transverse sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 1
taken along a line substantially corresponding to line 2-2 of FIG.
1.
FIG. 3 is an end view of the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to the drawings in detail, there is shown in FIG. 1 a
partial sectional view of the present light fixture indicated in
its entirety by reference numeral 10. It includes an elongate
transparent tube 12 having slightly flared or tapered ends 13 which
is centrally positioned between two parallel end plates or
bulkheads 14. A gasket type O-ring 16 is provided between the
flared ends 13 of said tube 12 and the bulkheads 14 which have
suitable grooves therein in order to receive the O-ring gasket 16
and thereby provide a sealing relationship therebetween.
A pair of spaced triangularly shaped flanges 18 are positioned
around the opposed flared ends 13 of tube 12 in the manner shown in
FIG. 1. They each have a large central opening which is tapered to
substantially the same angle as the flared tube ends 13, and it is
to be noted that the interior diameter 20 of each flange 18 is
slightly larger than the outside diameter of the flared tube ends
13. This design permits easy assembly and also facilitates removal
of the tube 12 from the flange 18 should this ever become
necessary. A correspondingly tapered soft insert or gasket 28 may
be placed between the flanges 18 and the flared tube ends 13 to
cushion the tube 12 and permit a better contact.
The three parallel rods 22, 24 and 26 each being threaded at their
opposed ends extend through the opposed flanges 18 and the opposed
bulkheads 14 in the manner shown best in FIG. 1. The two rods 22
and 24 are positioned just above tube 12 in substantially the same
plane whereas rod 26 is positioned immediately below tube 12. The
nuts 30 threaded on each rod 22, 24 and 26 hold the flanges 18 in
spaced apart position whereas the nuts 32 also threaded on the
aforesaid rods 22, 24 and 26 hold the bulkheads 14 in proper
position. It is to be noted that during submersion the watertight
seal between the flared ends 13 of tube 12 and the bulkheads 14
with the O-ring gasket 16 therebetween is enhanced by the
hydrostatic pressure against the bulkheads.
An electric bulb 34 having elongated opposed ends 36 and 38
respectively is axially positioned in the tube 12. Each end 36 and
38 is received in an adapter or socket 40 in at least one of which
a spring assembly 42 is positioned. The aforesaid bulb 34 is a
standard commercially available elongate photoflood lamp of about
1,000 watts capacity and having ceramic tips at each supporting a
button which makes contact through said spring assembly to be later
described. An example of the type of bulb utilized in this
invention is the Sylvania Sun Gun, type DXN 3400.degree. K, 120 V.
The bulb 34 normally operates on 110--120 volts AC.
In referring to FIG. 1, it will be seen that a male connecting
assembly 44 is threaded substantially through the center of the
opposed bulkheads 14. Each connecting assembly 44 has a tip portion
46 which extends beyond the external surface of the respective
bulkheads 14 while a nonconductive plastic threaded portion 48
thereof extends slightly into the respective ends 13 of tube 12. An
adapter or socket 40 is threaded onto portion 48 of each connecting
assembly 44 and is designed to receive the ends 36 and 38
respectively of bulb 34.
The spring assembly 42 as state previously is positioned within at
least one adapter 40. It involves a pair of spring seats 50 with a
spring 52 positioned therebetween. A contact wire 54 extends
longitudinally between the spring 52 and is attached to connecting
assembly 44 at one end and soldered to the spring seat 50 at the
internal end against which one end 36 of the bulb 34 is positioned
in electrical contact relationship. The opposed adapter or socket
40 designed to receive the opposed end 38 of bulb 34 is either
similarly constructed with a spring assembly 42 therein or is of a
standard commercial type well known in the art. Thus, it is seen
that to replace a bulb 34, one of the bulkheads 14 is removed from
its fixed position on rods 22, 24 and 26 by unthreading nuts 32.
Since each connector assembly 44 is positioned in a bulkhead 14 and
is attached to an adapter 40, the removal of bulkhead 14 will also
remove adapter 40 and free one end 36 of the bulb 34. The opposite
end 38 of the aforesaid bulb 40 is then removed from the remaining
adapter 40 and a new bulb 34 is then inserted. The adapter 40 with
bulkhead 14 is replaced.
The connecting assemblies 44 positioned in the opposed bulkheads 14
are each adapted to fit in a female connector 56 leading to a power
source not shown in the drawings. It will be noted that the
electrical contact in the commercially obtainable female connector
56 is deeply recessed therein thereby forcing the male connecting
assemblies 44 to be deeply inserted before electrical contact is
accomplished. This arrangement prevents any arcing in spite of the
presence of up to 120 volts AC current thereby permitting the light
fixture 10 to be easily replaced while still under water by merely
disconnecting the aforesaid connections 44 and 56 and inserting a
new fixture. When the male connecting assembly 44 and female
connector 56 are reapplied, the pointed male prongs 62 of
connecting assembly 44 penetrate deeply into said connector 56 and
reestablish electrical connection so that the entire disconnection
or reconnection operation can be accomplished without any hazard of
electrical shock.
A concave reflector 58 is mounted on each lateral side to the
parallel rods 22 and 24 and is positioned adjacent and parallel
with tube 12 but exterior thereto. It is to be noted that by
placing the reflector outside the watertight tube 12, an improved
angle of light reflection and area of light coverage is obtained.
Another advantage of the external location of the reflector is that
it does not interfere with the circulation of cooling water around
the outside of the relatively even heated glass tube 12.
A pair of triangularly shaped bracket support units 60 shown best
in FIG. 3 are positioned exteriorly and adjacent to opposed
bulkheads 14 and are mounted on each rod 22 and 24 as they extend
through the bulkheads where they are held in position by the nuts
32. A mounting bracket 68 placed over the reflector 58 is bent at
right angles at each end and is suitably attached to the top of
each bracket support 60 by any feasible means 64 such as a nut and
bolt arrangement. There are numerous other arrangements and devices
which can be employed to suit any type of mounting
installation.
Thus, it can be seen the invention provides a means for replacing
an underwater light fixture and at the same time provides for
increased illumination.
In the overall assembly of the fixture 10, it has been found
preferable to first insert the flared end 13 into the angled flange
18 and then apply the gasket 28. This is done at both ends of the
device and thereafter nuts 30 are adjusted to spread flanges 18
apart and slightly compress gaskets 28 to hold them in place. The
O-ring gaskets 16 are then added to seal the ends of tube 12.
Thereafter the external nuts 32 are adjusted and tightened evenly
in sequence at about one-quarter turn at a time keeping a close
watch upon the O-ring gaskets 16 which when sufficiently compressed
maintain the parts in hydraulic sealing relationship. In handling
the lamp 34, a cleaning tissue or similar material should be
utilized to prevent finger oil from contact with the quartz glass
from which the bulb 34 is manufactured. The quartz becomes very hot
when used and any contamination such as oil from the fingers might
cause the bulb 34 to break. It should also be noted that whereever
possible stainless steel fittings and aluminum alloy structures
should be separated to prevent probable electrolytic deterioration
thereof when subjected to salt water immersion. Thus, washers 66
should be placed between the stainless steel nuts 30 and the
aluminum alloy flange 18, and zinc chromate paste or equivalent
should be liberally applied on the threads of rods 22, 24 and
26.
It is emphasized that the novel invention described herein while
supplying a desperate need in the art is still cheap to manufacture
and is relatively small and light in weight as compared to prior
art devices thus facilitating its use when submerged.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present
invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is
therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended
claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as
specifically described.
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