U.S. patent number 3,746,897 [Application Number 05/166,862] was granted by the patent office on 1973-07-17 for ultrasonic multi-frequency system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Ultrasonic Systems, Inc.. Invention is credited to Manuel Karatjas.
United States Patent |
3,746,897 |
Karatjas |
July 17, 1973 |
ULTRASONIC MULTI-FREQUENCY SYSTEM
Abstract
The system includes converter means for transforming regular
current; i.e.., 60 cycles per second, to electrical current at
different frequencies in the sonic and/or ultrasonic range for
driving individual motors each connected to the converter means for
being energized at a different frequency.
Inventors: |
Karatjas; Manuel (Glen Oaks,
NY) |
Assignee: |
Ultrasonic Systems, Inc.
(Farmingdale, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
22604977 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/166,862 |
Filed: |
July 28, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
310/316.01;
331/116R |
Current CPC
Class: |
B06B
1/0238 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B06B
1/02 (20060101); H01v 007/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;181/.5R ;310/8.0,8.1
;318/114,116,118 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Miller; J. D.
Assistant Examiner: Budd; Mark O.
Claims
I claim:
1. A system for providing multi-frequency mechanical energy in the
sonic and ultrasonic frequency range comprising:
A. starting oscillator means adapted to be connected to a source of
electrical energy, capable of oscillating at several preselected
frequencies responsive to a preselected command for providing a
starting voltage, said oscillator means including:
a. a transistor, having emitter, base, and collector electrodes,
said emitter electrode being adapted to be resistively coupled to a
source of DC voltage, said collector electrode being resistively
coupled to a reference ground,
b. a transformer having a primary winding, a secondary winding
having an impedance matching tap thereon, and a first and second
feedback winding, said primary winding being coupled between said
collector electrode and said reference ground, one end of said
secondary winding being connected to said source of voltage, said
second feedback winding being coupled to transducer means,
c. first and second resistors being coupled in series, having a
junction point, between said source of DC voltage and said
reference ground, said junction point being coupled to said base
electrode via said first feedback winding, and
d. capacitor means coupled across said secondary winding for
determining the frequency of said oscillator;
B. amplifier means coupled to said oscillator means for amplifying
said starting voltage at each said preselected frequency; and
C. said transducer means coupled to said amplifier means for
changing the amplified starting voltage to mechanical energy and
providing a feedback voltage to said oscillator transformer
sustaining each said preselected frequency.
2. A system for providing multi-frequency mechanical energy in the
sonic and ultrasonic frequency range according to claim 6 wherein
said amplifier means comprises a low level integrated circuit
amplifier and a power amplifier.
3. A system for providing multi-frequency mechanical energy
according to claim 2 wherein said power amplifier comprises:
a. an interstage transformer, having a primary winding adapted to
be coupled to said low level amplifier and a secondary winding with
a center-tap thereon,
b. at least two power transistors having emitter collector and base
electrodes, said base electrodes being adapted to be resistively
coupled to the ends of the secondary of said interstage transformer
winding, said emitter electrodes adapted to be resistively coupled
to said interstage transformer center-tap, and
c. a power output transformer having a primary winding with a
center-tap thereon, and a secondary winding having multiple taps
thereon, adapted to be connected to said transducer means, said
primary winding being connected to the collector electrodes of said
power transistors, said center-tap being adapted to be connected to
a source of operating potential.
4. A system for providing multi-frequency mechanical energy
according to claim 3 further including a pair of diodes coupled
from the collector electrodes of said power transistors to said
center-tap of said interstage transformer.
5. A systems for providing multi-frequency mechanical energy
according to claim 3 further including a capacitor connected in
series with a resistor and diode connected in parallel, coupled
between the collector electrodes of said power transistors and said
interstage transformer center-tap.
6. A system according to claim 1 further including a potentiometer
coupled between said source of DC voltage and said secondary
winding impedance matching tap for providing an adjustable output
voltage.
7. A system according to claim 1 further including a pair of diodes
connected in parallel across said second feedback winding, said
diodes being oppositely poled in ease of conductivity.
8. A system according to claim 1 wherein said capacitor means
includes:
a. first, second, third and fourth capacitors, said first capacitor
being connected across said secondary winding, said second, third
and fourth capacitors having one side of each coupled in common to
said source of DC voltage and one end of said secondary winding,
and
b. switch means connected from the other end of said secondary
winding and either of the other ends of said first, second, or
third capacitors.
9. A system according to claim 8 wherein said switch means
comprises a three position selector switch.
10. A system according to claim 8 wherein said switch means
comprises two relays connected to effectively function as a three
position switch.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a novel system in which a single
converter means is capable of driving two or more sonic and/or
ultrasonic motors at different frequencies to permit the
utilization of these motors to perform a variety of functions.
Although the present invention will be hereinafter described in the
context of providing an ultrasonic laboratory to the user for
various applications, it is appreciated that other uses of this
system of the present invention may be utilized for other
purposes.
In the last decade, the applications for high frequency vibratory
energy; for example, in the range of approximately 10,000 to
500,000 cycles per second, hereinafter referred to as the
ultrasonic range, has found wide uses in a host of fields to
produce a variety of results. Like the conventional rotary motor,
the ultrasonic reciprocal motor has now been applied in various
industries for both industrial as well as medical applications.
Accordingly, there has been established a considerable amount of
knowledge in the field of applied ultrasonics and various
researchers throughout the country are presently in the process of
utilizing ultrasonic energy to determine where new and more
efficient uses may be found as well as improving applications that
have already been found successful. One of the unique factors of
ultrasonic energy is that one of the variables is frequency which,
in turn, can produce different effects, as well as other variables
such as exposure time, amplitude of vibration, power, etc. To date,
commercial equipment in the field of ultrasonics is generally
designed such that a single converter is designed for use with an
ultrasonic motor operating at a particular frequency and in many
instances a researcher, or other individual, attempting to utilize
ultrasonic energy, has found that he has not been able to
conveniently vary the frequency, and in order to obtain a change in
frequency, another complete ultrasonic system of both a motor and
converter would have to be purchased. In many instances, this
equipment could either not be purchased or would be of special
design and even at a greater cost than the conventional equipment.
Obviously, this has hindered the further experimentation with
ultrasonic energy since a change in frequency was not easily
obtainable.
Applicant has now discovered that it is possible to provide a
system in which a single converter is capable of individually
driving two or more ultrasonic motors (three being shown herein for
purposes of discussion) operating at for example 10 KHz (10,000
cycles per second), 20 KHz, and 30 KHz, all from a single power
source. The present invention, therefore, fills a long-standing
need of a single source of a sonic/ultrasonic technological system
to be applied in diverse applications of applied energy for:
1. Fundamental Research,
2. Feasibility Studies,
3. Determination Of Effects, and
4. Production Development.
The ultrasonic system of the present invention is a portable source
of intense ultrasonic energy and through its three primary
variables, frequency, stroke, and time, provides the scientist as
well as the researcher and lab technician an economical and
versatile research vehicle. In this manner, the present system
provides an ultrasonic laboratory to the user giving him the
wherewithall for proprietary research in any of the commercially
applicable field of applied ultrasonics, as listed below under
"SYSTEM UTILITY."
SYSTEM UTILITY
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION
1. air Pollution
2. Cleaning
3. Compaction of Powder
4. Cutting and slitting (paper and solf materials with self
cleaning action)
5. Deburring
6. Degassing. liquids, metals, etc.
7. Degreasing
8. Drilling ceramics, glass, minerals, etc.
9. Electroplating
10. Extrusion
11. Fluidization of Powders
12. Forging
13. Forming metals
14. Friction reduction
15. Impact grinding and machinery
16. Metal cutting
17. Metal - Metal join (weld)
18. Mixing, powder production, molecular distillation, friction
reduction, nebulizing, poppution control
19. Plastic -- Metal Assembly
20. Plastic -- Plastic Assembly
21. Plastic forming
22. Plating
23. Soldering
24. Riveting
25. Weld -- Slag removal
26. Wire drawing
FOOD PROCESSING
27. ageing of whiskey
28. Chemical reactions
29. Homogenization
30. Improvement of wine and beer
31. Tenderizing
BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL RESEARCH
32. animal physical therapy
33. Aid in assay of enzyme levels in connective tissue
34. Atomization
35. Catalysis
36. Cell Disruption
37. Cell wall synthesizing enzymes preparation
38. Cleaning
39. Deaerating
40. Defoaming
41. Degassing
42. Disintegration
43. Dispersion
44. Disruption of Chloroplasts subsequent to enzyme study
45. Disruption of bacteria to yield intact mitochondria
46. Disruption of bacteria for the study of viral replication and
viral induced enzumes
47. Disruption of mitochondria in hair cells
48. Disruption of spermatozoa
49. Disruption of saureus in order to obtain histidine synthesizing
enzymes
50. Disruption of tissue culture cells subsequent to enzyme
studies
51. Emulsification
52. Extractions
53. Heart mitpchindria fragment preparation for the study of
protein synthesis
54. Homozenization
55. Liver and uterine metabolic studies
56. Metabolic studies of cornea
57. Mixing
58. Nebulizing
59. Ovum and animal growth
60. Plant and seed growth
61. Release of tumor enzymes
62. Sonochemical activation
63. Sterilization
64. Study of vitamin B-12 related enzymes
65. Submitochondria particle preparation for the study of enzymes
systems
66. Surgery
67. Viral and other serum extractions
CONSUMER PRODUCT RESEARCH
68. arts and Crafts (drilling gems, glass, enamels, porcelain, etc;
engraving glass; cutting, linoleum, wood; assembling)
69. Cleaning -- contact type and tank type (teeth, hands, nails,
feet, hair)
70. Plastic toys and plastic components for sculpture; editing
plastic film
In the prior ultrasonic motor-converter systems, generally the only
method varying the exposure of ultrasonic energy to matter has been
by increasing or decreasing the time of exposure or by changing the
horns and tips. But, it has been common knowledge that the
frequency at which one material may homogenize, disintegrate, or
assemble, another may not. Yet, prior to this invention, proper
experimentation required the user to purchase several pieces of
ultrasonic equipment, each designed for a specific phase of his
experimentation. In contrast to this, the present invention gives
the user a flexibility in an ultrasonic system.
Accordingly, the present invention is usable to solve research
development and production problems by introducing vibratory motion
at controlled levels of energy and frequency into the application
being investigated. The utility of the present system has broad
application in the following fields:
Industrial Application, Food Processing, Biological and Medical
Research, and Consumer Product Research. The list entitled "SYSTEM
UTILITY" contained above is merely indicative of the wide uses to
which the present invention may be applied and is not intended to
be all inclusive but is herein provided for illustrative purposes
only.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide a system in which
a single converter is capable of powering two or more ultrasonic
motors each operating at a different frequency.
Another object of the present invention is to provide for a user an
ultrasonic system in which a series of motors are individually
connected to a converter and the converter is capable of driving
each motor individually at a different frequency.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a system such
that the user is equipped with a facility for sonic and ultrasonic
experimentation while selecting his variables, with reproducible
measurements.
Other objects of the invention will become apparent as the
disclosure proceeds.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an ultrasonic system in which a
variety of variables are utilized in combination with each other to
provide new and novel results permitting the user with a greater
degree of versatility. The ultrasonic system includes a new and
novel converter which is capable of converting conventional
60-cycle per second alternating current to current at a frequency
of 10 KHz, 20 KHz, or 30 KHz, merely by the flip of a frequency
switch mounted on the converter such that the user may electrically
connect three motors to individual connectors on the converter and
sequentially operate each motor at its own frequency form the
single power source of the converter.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Although the characteristic features of this invention will be
particularly pointed out in the claims, the invention itself, and
the manner in which it may be made and used, may be better
understood by referring to the following description taken in
connection with the accompanying drawings forming a part hereof,
wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the
several views and in which:
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic flow chart illustrating the functional
uses of the multi-frequency system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of the frequency range of the
present invention compared to the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view of the output section of an
ultrasonic motor which produces a Zone Of Motion;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the ultrasonic system in use
illustrated with three motors; and
FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of the preferred embodiment
of the present invention.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
Referring now to the drawings and particularly to FIG. 1 thereof we
have a diagramatic illustration indicating that the coherent
vibratory energy produced by the respective ultrasonic motor is
applied to materials to produce an end result. The applications are
broadly classified to fall within the categories indicated in FIG.
1, namely Removing, Adding, Mixing, Working, or Transforming, of
various materials. This flow pattern as therein illustrated permits
the user with the ultrasonic multi-frequency system of the present
invention to apply the coherent vibratory energy in one of the
aforementioned manners to one or more materials to obtain one or
more end results. A review of the SYSTEM UTILITY will clearly
indicate that the process occuring in the designated applications
hereinabove enumerated will fall within the confines of these five
broad areas, and the present invention as hereinafter illustrated
in further detail permits just such utilization.
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of the frequency range of the
present invention which permits the the to apply the ultrasonic
energy over a broad frequency range; i.e., 10 KHz-30 KHz, so that
the importance of frequency and stroke of vibration may be
appropriately varied to permit three experiments to be conducted
simultaneously with a different frequency motor in use for each
experiment, and with the flip of a switch each experiment can be
exposed to mechanical energy at a different frequency of vibration
and stroke. As seen the present equipment in the field of
ultrasonics has a limited range of frequency, and this is generally
at approximately 20 KHz.
The importance of being able to vary the frequency of vibration is
in part illustrated with respect to FIG. 3 which illustrates that
the output of an ultrasonic motor produces a "Zone of Motion" (ZM)
which is generally defined as the stroke times the radiating area
produced under working conditions. Although this is a relatively
simple relationship, it is an all important phenomenon since it in
part produces the variety of uses for which the ultrasonic motors
are employed.
The ZM is microscopic, its stroke ranging from a few microns to
several thousandths of an inch. However, though the motion is
minute, the total strokes per second (2 times the frequency of the
motor) enable the output end or tip to displace 1.2 liters of
volume per square inch of tip each second. Based on a stroke of
0.0035 inch at 20 KHz, the tip travels a distance of 12 feet in 1
second, with a peak velocity of 18 ft. per second.
During oscillation each stroke of the tip at 20 KHz is generally a
peak acceleration of over 72,000 times the acceleration of gravity.
Herein lies the unique function of the motor, the dynamics of which
cannot be attained by any other known instruments. Whether you are
joining materials, removing material, forming materials, disrupting
cells, solubilizing or homogenizing, what the tip of the motor does
is completely determined by the stroke, frequency and
cross-sectional area of the vibrating tip end.
The table below indicates that the volume displacement, distance
traveled and peak velocity illustrated above for a stroke of 0.0035
inch at 20 KHz can be achieved with a stroke of 0.0023 inch at 30
KHz or a stroke of 0.007 inch at 10 KHz. The present invention in
addition to offering the capability of varying the ZM and time
exposure, offers the user of the system the capability of
maintaining equal, tip volume displacement, tip distance traveled
and tip peak velocity, while he evaluates the sonic/ultrasonic
effect with changes in frequency. With the present invention the
researcher can now evaluate the sonic/ultrasonic effects in his
particular area, with the capability of controlling all the basic
sonic/ultrasonic variables.
Motor Dynamics Suggested Unit 1. Peak speed = .pi.fs = V.sub.peak
Ft./sec 2. Peak acceleration = s.pi..sup.2 f.sup.2 s = a.sub.peak
Multiples of " g" 3. Zone of Motion (per unit Sonotip output area
per half cycle) = Stroke Mil 4. Volume Displacement per second = fs
sec (per unit of Sonotip output area) 5. Total distance traveled in
one second d = 2fs Ft. 6. Plane wave peak acoustic pressure
Atmosphere P .sub.peak = ZV .sub.peak =.pi.Zts 7. Plane wave peak
acoustic intensity E Watt/cm.sup.2 .sub.peak =.pi.(P/z) .sub.peak
fs
Note that all relevant motor quantities which express the potential
use value of the motor are simple combinations of f and s,
frequency and stroke. Therefore, the greatest versatility comes
from an availability of s-range and f-range.
FIG. 4 illustrates the utilization of a system 10 containing the
electronic equipment and coupled to three ultrasonic motors 20, 20'
and 20" each designed to operate at a different frequency of
vibration. The converter means 10 has a front panel 11 which
contains an on-off switch 200 with a panel light 208 and a
frequency selector switch 66 designed to be manually positioned at
three different positions i.e. 10 KHz, 20 KHz and 30 KHz, and an
operator light 180.
The converter means 10 also includes a power regulating means 74
provided with a control knob so that the power to the respective
motor may be controlled. In the procedure being demonstrated the
user 15 has each motor 20, 20' and 20" vertically supported on a
stand 12 having a clamp 14 for positioning the motors respectively
in separate containers 16 having fluid 17 therein. Cable means 18
connects each motor to the converter means 10 by individual
receptacles. In this manner if only two or even one motor was
desired to be used this is possible. Accordingly by the system
herein described the user has the necessary flexibility to conduct
various experimentation at different frequencies of vibration and
power. A meter 174 is also provided on the front panel 11 for
visible indication of the power emitted from the motor.
Referring now, more specifically to FIG. 5, which is a schematic
circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment of an ultrasonic
multi-frequency generating system 10. The ultrasonic motor or
transducer 20 is shown symbolically as a crystal at the right hand
edge of the schematic circuit diagram of FIG. 5. Ultrasonic motors
20' and 20" are similar to motor 20 but, are designed to operate at
20 KHz and 30 KHz respectively, while motor 20 in the preferred
embodiment is designed to operate at 10 KHz.
It is to be understood that the frequencies of 10, 20, and 30 KHz
are chosen as merely illustrative and are not meant to limit the
scope of the invention.
For convenience, and ease in explanation, the circuit diagram of
FIG. 5 is sub-divided by bold dashed lines into functional
sub-units. The functional sub-units are as follows: (a) oscillator
unit 22, (b) the amplifier units 24, and 26, (c) the power supply
unit 28, and (d) the metering unit 30. The oscillator unit 22
comprises a transistor 32, a transformer 34, a resistance divider
including resistors 36, and 38, voltage dropping resistor 40, and
an adjustable emitter resistor 42 connected in a conventional
Hartley oscillator circuit.
The collector winding 44 is connected from the collector electrode
of transistor 32 to the junction of resistors 36 and 40. The first
feedback winding 46 is connected from the base electrode of
transistor 32 to the junction of resistors 36 and 38 and is
polarized to provide proper feedback to insure oscillations when
current flows in the collector winding 44. The voltage divider
comprised of resistors 36 and 38 are connected in series with
resistor 40 between a source of DC voltage 33 which is
approximately 36 volts in the preferred embodiment of the invention
and a ground reference 35. Resistor 42 is coupled from the emitter
electrode of transistor 32 to the source of DC voltage 33 and is
adjusted to insure proper emitter current to sustain
oscillations.
The output winding 48 of transformer 34 is provided with a tap 50
thereon. Across winding 48 is connected a fixed capacitor 52. The
contacts of a switch 54 is arranged in a conventional manner to
select the frequency determining capacitors 56, 58 and 60. The
function of switch 54 will be explained in connection with the
operation of the system thereafter.
A potentiometer 62, which provided impedance matching, is connected
from the tap 50, to one end 64 of winding 48 which is also
connected to the source of B+ (33). The wiper arm 64 of
potentiometer 62 is connected to a switch contact 66 which is
ganged to switch contact 54 described earlier. Switch contact 66 is
used to select either variable resistor 68, 70 or 72, which is
serially connected to variable resistors 74 and fixed resistor 76.
A second feedback winding 77 is provided on transformer 34. The
function of second feedback winding 77 will be described
hereinafter. Diodes 80 and 82 are poled for ease in conduction in
opposite directions (back to back) and connected across second
feedback winding 77, thereby, limiting the maximum voltage across
the winding to approximately 0.6 volts peak-to-peak.
The amplifier unit 24 is referred to as the low power unit or
buffer amplifier, and is comprised of an integrated circuit
amplifier 78, in the preferred embodiment of the external resistors
and capacitors, not shown, to provide a substantially flat
frequency response from 10 KHz to 30 KHz. The DC bias for the
amplifier 78 is provided by resistors 81 and 83 which are connected
from the source of DC voltage 33 to the reference ground 35. The
voltage appearing at the wiper arm 84 of potentiometer 74 is
capacity coupled, via capacitor 86 to one imput terminal 88 of
amplifier 78. The second input terminal 90 of amplifier 78 is
connected to the DC operating voltage 33. Further bias to amplifier
78 is provided by a resistor 92. The output terminal 94 of
amplifier 78 is coupled to the primary winding 96 interstage
transformer 98.
Interstage transformer 98 is part of power amplifier 26 and has
mounted thereon a secondary winding 100 which is provided with a
center-tap 62 that is connected to the reference ground 35. Power
amplifier 26 is further comprised of resistors 104 and 106 which
are coupled from the ends of winding 102 to the base electrodes of
power transistors 108 and 110 respectively. Transistors 108 and 110
are connected in parallel with transistors 112 and 114,
respectively.
The emitter electrodes of transistors 108, 112, 110, and 114 are
coupled via resistors 116, 118,120 and 122 respectively to the
center tap 102. Resistors 116, 118, 120 and 122 are of equal value
and insure the equal distribution of emitter current in transistors
108, 112, 110, and 114. The collector electrodes of transistors 108
and 112 are connected to one end of primary winding 124 of output
transformer 126. The collector electrodes of transistors 110 and
114 are connected to the other end of winding 124. The center-tap
128 of winding 124 is coupled via the power amplifier ON-OFF switch
130 to a source of operating DC voltage 37 which, in the preferred
embodiment of the invention is a higher DC voltage value than the
operating voltage 33.
The power amplifier 26 is connected in a conventional manner and is
capable of functioning as a class B or class C push-pull amplifier
depending on the peak-to-peak amplitude of the driving voltage
appearing across winding 100.
Further included in power amplifier 26 and coupled across the
emitter-collector electrodes of transistors 112 and 114 are diodes
132 and 134 respectively. Diodes 132 and 134 limit the reverse
voltage that appears across the emitter-collector junctions of
transistors 112 and 114.
Capacitor 136, connected in series with the parallel connection of
diode 138 and resistor 140, are connected across the
emitter-collector electrodes of transistor 112 and functions to
reduce transients which occur when the transistors 108 and 112 are
driven from cut-off into conduction.
Capacitor 142 connected inseries with the parallel connection of
diode 144 and resistor 146 are connected across the
emitter-collector electrodes of transistor 114 and function in a
manner similar to capacitor 136, diode 138 and resistor 140.
It is to be noted that although PNP transistors are schematically
shown in FIG. 5 for transistors 108, 112, 110, and 114; and a PNP
transistor is schematically shown for transistor 32, transistor
with reversed polarity types may be used by proper reversal of the
source of operating voltage, in a conventional manner, by those
familiar with the transistor art.
The secondary winding 148 of transformer 126 has one end connected
to switch contact 152, a first tap 151 connected to switch contact
152, a second tap 153 connected to switch contact 154. Switch
contacts 150, 152, and 154 are ganged together and select which
transducer 20, 20', or 20" is to be energized.
The other end of winding 148 is connected to one end of the second
feedback winding 78 transformer 34. The other end of winding 78 is
connected to the primary winding 158 of transformer 157. A tap 159
on winding 155 is connected to ground. The other end of winding 115
is coupled to feedback capacitors 161, 163 and 165 which are
connected together. The other ends of feedback capacitors 161, 163
and 165 are connected to the high voltage side of transducers 20,
20' and 20" respectively.
Secondary winding 167 of transformer 157 is coupled has one end
connected to the ground reference 35 and the other end connected to
one end of resistor 169 located in the metering unit 30, the other
end of resistor 169 being connected to the ground reference 35.
A diode 170 is coupled from the high voltage end of resistor 169 to
capacitor 172 rectifying the AC voltage appearing across resistor
169 and storing it as DC voltage in capacitor 172. Serially
connected across capacitor 170 is a meter 174, switch contact 156,
and either resistor 176, 178 or 179, which is selected by the
position of switch contact 156. Resistors 176, 178, and 179 are
adjustable and are used to give a relative indication fo the power
being supplied to the transducers 20, 20' or 20". The resistors
176, 178 and 179 are variable and are adjusted to compensate for
the losses in transformer 157 due to changes in the operating of
each transducer.
A neon bulb connected in series with a resistor 182 is connected
from the high voltage side of winding 148 to the ground reference
and is illuminated when the power amplifier unit 26 is on and high
voltage, approximately 700 volts, is present.
Switch contacts 150, 152, 154 are also ganged to switch contacts
54, 66, 156, which is part of the metering unit 30, and switch
contact 158 which energizes the blower 160, 162 or 164. Blowers
160, 162, and 164 are mounted in close proximity with transducers
20, 20', and 20" respectively and function to provide the necessary
cooling for them. Switch contact 158 supplies the necessary
energizing voltage to either 160, 162, or 164.
The power supply unit 28 has in the preferred embodiment of the
invention, a source of commercial AC voltage connected to it across
input terminals 184 and 186. Terminal 184 is coupled via fuse 188,
main power switch 200, to the primary winding 202 of transformer
204. Resistor 206 is coupled in series with resistor 208 across
primary winding 202 of transformer 204. A blowers 10 is also
coupled across winding 202 and is used for cooling the power
transistors 108, 110, 112 and 114.
The secondary winding 212 of transformer 204 is provided with a
center-tap 214 which is coupled to one said of capacitor 216. The
other side of capacitor 216 is coupled to the ground reference 35.
Diodes 218 and 220 are connected to each end of winding 212 in a
conventional full-wave rectifying circuit with the center-tap 214
of winding 212 functioning as the negative DC voltage connected to
point 37 mentioned earlier. The cathode electrodes of diodes 218
and 220 are coupled in common to the reference ground 35.
A dropping resistor 222 is coupled to the anode electrode of Zener
diode 224 to bias the Zener diode to its operating point which has
its cathode electrode coupled to the reference ground 35. Zener
diode 224 provided a regulated DC of approximately 36 volts, in the
preferred embodiment of the invention, for use by the low power
amplifier unit 24, and oscillator unit 22. The Zener diode also
provided energizing voltage through resistor 226, switch 228 to
stepping relay 230. Stepping relay 230 has its other end coupled to
the reference ground 35. Intermittent closing of switch 228
energizes stepping relay 230 which in turn steps ganged contacts
54, 66, 150, 152, 154, 156 and 158 to their first (10 KHz), second
(20 KHz), or third (30 KHz) positions.
Although a manual stepping switch 228 and stepping relay 230 has
been shown in the preferred embodiment of the invention it is
understood that multiple combinations of switches and relays may be
connected in a conventional manner to provide the equivalent
selection of the first, second, or third multiple switch
positions.
In operation, the commercial source of AC power is connected across
terminals 184 and 186. Closing the main the power switch 200
energizes pilot light 208 and supplies an AC voltage to the primary
winding 202 of transformer 204 which in turn couples the AC
electrical energy to the secondary winding 212. The diodes 218 and
220 rectify the AC electrical energy and changes it to a DC voltage
which is stored across capacitor 216 and lowered by resistor 222 to
cause Zener diode 224 to be biased to its operating point.
The DC voltage across Zener diode 224 provides the negative DC
operating voltage 33 for the oscillator unit 22 (transistor 32),
which will start oscillating at a frequency depending upon the
preselected position of switch contact 54, which is shown in FIG.
5, in the 20 KHz position. The frequency response of transformer 34
in conjunction with the capacitors 52, 56, 58 and 60; and the
feedback winding 46 insure oscillations at approximately 20 KHz in
the second position shown, at 10 KHz in the first position, and 30
KHz in the third position. The frequency response of the secondary
winding 48 of the transformer 34 in conjunction with capacitor 52
and 58 in parallel is sufficiently narrow to prevent the oscillator
from oscillating at a multiple of the frequency selected.
The AC energy is coupled via wiper arm 64 of potentiometer 62
through resistor 70, to potentiometer 74 and resistor 76. Resistors
68, 70 and 72 are adjusted to provide a fixed voltage at the common
junction of resistors 68, 70, 72, and potentiometer 84. Moving
wiper arm 84 to the top of potentiometer increases the output
signal while moving wiper arm 84 to the bottom of potentiometer 74
lowers the output signal.
The AC signal is coupled, via capacitor 86 to the input of
integrated circuit amplifier 78 where it is amplified. The signal
is then coupled to primary winding 96 of transformer 98 where it is
coupled to the base of transistor 108 and 112 via resistor 104, and
transistors 110 and 114 via resistor 106.
Depending on the signal polarity either transistors 108 and 112 or
transistors 110 and 114 will conduct if switch 130 has been closed
to supply operating voltage to the collector electrodes of the
power transistors, via center tap 128 of winding 124. The AC signal
will then be coupled, via switch contact 152, to the transducer
(electronic motor 20') but, will be very small in magnitude. The
low signal voltage will also be coupled, via feedback capacitor
163, to winding 155 of transformer 157 which in turn couples the
signal to the second feedback winding 77 of transformer 34 in the
proper polarity to reinforce or sustain the signal appearing there
from the oscillations produced by transistor 32. The signal is then
coupled into secondary winding 48 on transformer 34 where it
sustains the voltage appearing there also. The low level voltage is
rapidly coupled through the stages as described earlier and
provides sustaining or reinforcing voltages at each stage and
assumes a frequency of operation which is determined by the
transducer.
The magnitude of the feedback signal is limited in its peak-to-peak
value by diodes 80 and 82 and is of greater magnitude than the
value provided by the oscillator. The function of the oscillator is
merely to insure starting at the proper frequency since the
transducer is capable of operating at frequencies other than its
fundamental frequency. Once the feedback loop is completed the
oscillations are self sustaining and the oscillator can be removed
from the circuit.
The amount of power supplied to the transducer 20' may be adjusted
by the setting of the wiper arm 84 of potentiometer 84 and the
greater the power supplied to the transducer the greater the
mechanical deviations.
An indication that the power amplifier is on, is obtained by lamp
180 being illuminated. The meter 170 indicates the relative amount
of energy being supplied to the transducer 20' and blower 210
insures that the power transistors 108, 110, 112 and 114 do not
overheat.
Operation at 10 KHz or 30 KHz is exactly the same as that described
above for 20 KHz and may be selected by choosing the first or third
position of the ganged switch contacts in the manner described.
Thus, heretofore has been disclosed a multi-frequency converter
capable of operating in the sonic through ultrasonic frequency
range which utilizes a frequency preselected oscillator and a
single amplifier which is capable of driving a multiple of
preselected transducers.
While the invention has been described by means of a specific
embodiment, it is not intended to be limited thereto, and obvious
modifications will occur to those skilled in the art without
departing from the spent and scope of the invention.
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