U.S. patent number 3,725,667 [Application Number 05/189,100] was granted by the patent office on 1973-04-03 for bank note testing apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Siegfried Peyer. Invention is credited to Hermann Schwartz.
United States Patent |
3,725,667 |
Schwartz |
April 3, 1973 |
BANK NOTE TESTING APPARATUS
Abstract
A process and an apparatus for testing bank notes for their
genuineness, particularly for automatic vending machines, wherein
the bank note is illuminated from one side from a light source
through a mask. The printed image on one side of the bank note is
divided by the mask into several test fields. The reflected light
from each test field is received by one of a plurality of large
area photoelectric cells, which are so connected that departures
from a given value are added together to form an error signal.
Inventors: |
Schwartz; Hermann (CH-8134
Adliswil, CH) |
Assignee: |
Siegfried Peyer (Haus Luna
Rock, Bach, CH)
|
Family
ID: |
4409057 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/189,100 |
Filed: |
October 14, 1971 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Oct 20, 1970 [CH] |
|
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15433/70 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
250/556; 194/207;
250/208.6; 209/534 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G07D
7/121 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G07D
7/00 (20060101); G01n 021/30 () |
Field of
Search: |
;250/219DQ,209
;194/4U,4R ;209/DIG.2 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Stolwein; Walter
Claims
What I claim is:
1. A Bank note testing apparatus comprising a light source
(11);
means (7, 48) holding the Bank note in a predetermined plane;
masking means (6) covering a minor portion of the illuminated
surface area of the Bank note and dividing the Bank note into a
plurality of test fields, said test fields comprising at least 50
percent of the illuminated surface area of the Bank note, said
masking means including opaque, sheet-like elements (3, 5, 8, 15)
projecting from the plane of the Bank note in the direction towards
the light source;
a plurality of large area-type photo-sensitive means (10) having
photo-sensitive surfaces located at an angle with respect to the
surface plane of the Bank note and to receive reflected light from
the test fields of the Bank note, at least one each photo-sensitive
means being associated with a test field and responsive,
selectively, to reflected light therefrom, said sheet-like elements
shielding the photo-sensitive means with respect to reflected light
from adjacent fields;
and logic circuit means (25-30) logically interconnecting the
output from any one of all of said photo-sensitive means with the
output from any other one of the photo-sensitive means to provide a
composite output signal representative of predetermined logic
interrelationship of light values reflected from the test fields of
the Bank notes.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the photo-sensitive means
are located at essentially right angles with respect to the plane
of the Bank note.
3. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the masking means extends
essentially perpendicular from the plane of the Bank note and the
photo-sensitive means are located parallel to the masking
means.
4. Apparatus according to claim 3 wherein the photo-sensitive means
are located adjacent to and secured to the masking means.
5. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the masking means are
arranged to cover the normal fold regions of the Bank note.
6. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the masking means are
arranged to cover at least some of the edges of the Bank note.
7. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the light source
comprises a source which has essentially no linear extent
transverse to the sheet-like elements of the masking means so that
said masking means will have shaded sides;
and wherein the area-type photo-sensitive means are located on said
shaded sides.
8. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the length of the
photo-electric means is approximately that of an associated test
field.
9. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the logic circuit means
comprises amplifier means (18-21) connected to each said light
sensitive means (10);
a group of discriminator means (25-30), the output from each
amplifier means being connected to selected ones of said
discriminator means of said group to compare the output of any one
amplifier means with that from any other amplifier means to derive
said composite output signal.
10. Apparatus according to claim 9 wherein the outputs of the
discriminator means are connected in parallel, said parallel
connection having said composite output signal appear thereon;
a single variable resistance to set a predetermined level;
a second amplifier (33) and a switching stage (34) connected to
said second amplifier, and means connecting the parallel connected
discriminators to said single variable resistor (35) and the second
amplifier, the output from said amplifier being connected to and
controlling the operation of said switching stage (34).
11. Apparatus according to claim 9 wherein each discriminator
(25-30) comprises two transistors (39, 44) and two resistors (42,
47), the base of any one transistor being connected to the output
of one amplifier (18-21) and the emitter of said one transistor
being connected over one of said two resistors to the output of
another one of said amplifiers.
12. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the test field comprises
about at least 75 percent of one surface of the Bank note.
13. A method of testing Bank notes for genuineness comprising the
steps of
illuminating the Bank note from one side;
dividing the Bank note into a plurality of test fields which
comprise, overall, at least 50 percent of the plane area of the
Bank note, by masking strip-like portions of said Bank note, at
least one of said strip-like portions dividing the Bank note in
half to cover expected fold lines in used Bank notes;
evaluating the reflected light from each test field to form an
electrical measured value;
and comparing said electrical measured values from any one of all
said test fields with electrical measured values of any other one
of said said other test fields, and deriving a composite output
signal.
Description
This invention relates to a process or method for testing the
genuineness of bank notes, particularly for automatic vending
machines, and to a bank note testing apparatus using the
process.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Vending machines which are operated by coins have been known for a
long time. The inserted coins are tested therein by test devices,
for example in terms of diameter, thickness, weight or metal alloy,
in order to separate genuine and false coins.
With increasingly high sale prices of goods sold by such machines
or of travel tickets, and for purposes of universal application,
the need arose of being able to use not only coins but also bank
notes for the purchase. If a vending machine can be made to accept
bank notes, then the range of wares or tickets can extend to units
of higher value, and the choice of materials suitable for automatic
sale can be substantially broadened.
If bank notes are to be accepted by automatic machines, then, in
similar fashion to coin checking, these must be tested for
genuineness. Bank notes are essentially printed pieces of paper;
compared to coins they have wholly different recognition features,
and as a result, require different testing methods.
It has already been suggested to test the printed image on bank
notes for genuineness at several individually chosen places about
of the size of a pencil lead cross section by photoelectric means
by light transmitted through the bank note. However this does not
always give satisfactory results since in the case of bank notes
which have been much used, substantial differences between bank
notes are present and difficulty arises due to the fact that the
light transmission of bank note paper undergoes large variations.
On careful comparison of a large number of bank notes of the same
value, both differences of paper format and differences in the
fitting of the various printing inks can be found of an order of
size of about 2-3mm. On top of this there are color changes which
can arise if bank notes are manufactured in printing series
separated from one another in time.
One must therefore start with the fact that even new bank notes
have no ideal test properties. Once these bank notes have been in
circulation then, by virtue of this use, they become dirty, creased
and are otherwise worn. At least 90 percent of the real bank notes
in circulation should be adjudged as genuine by the test apparatus,
i.e. accepted, and yet forgeries should be rejected with
certainty.
If bank notes are illuminated from one side with light and on the
other side there are arranged in irregular order a plurality of
photocells, which measure the light values transmitted, which are
each different according to the bank notes image printed on both
sides thereon, then the defects of bank notes mentioned above, such
as format and printed image deviations or spots, already give
substantial differences from the expected value, which according to
the adjusted error tolerance field would in many cases lead to non
acceptance of the bank note by the testing apparatus, although it
was genuine.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a bank note
testing method and device in which the inherent defects in the bank
notes have only little a very small effect on the measuring result
in a photoelectric sensing system, but which nevertheless gives a
high reliability for the genuineness testing.
SUBJECT MATTER OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
Briefly, the bank note is illuminated from one side from a light
source through a mask, whereby the printed image on the bank note
is divided by the mask into several test fields, the reflected
light from each test field is evaluated to form an electrical
measured value. The departures from the expected measured value are
then added to give an error signal.
The apparatus comprises a light source, a mask for dividing the
printed image on the bank note into a plurality of test fields.
Value generators are associated with each test field and receive
reflected light from the image on the bank note for the purpose of
forming a measured value, the measured value generators being so
connected that departures from a given value are added together to
form an error signal, so that a high certainty of judgement can be
obtained in respect of the bank notes to be tested, but wherein the
insufficiences of bank notes only have a very small effect on the
test result and on the other hand variations determined by the
addition nevertheless give a very high certainty of the genuineness
testing.
The invention will be better understood, and objects other than
those set forth above will become apparent, when consideration is
given to the following detailed description thereof.
The invention will be described by way of example, with reference
to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a view of a bank note, divided by a mask into four
equally sized testing areas,
FIG. 2 is a view from the top of the bank note testing device
according to the invention, in schematic illustration,
FIG. 3 is an electric circuit diagram of the testing device,
FIG. 4 is a detail of the electric circuit of a discriminator,
FIG. 5 is a side view of the apparatus, and
FIG. 6 is a front view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 5.
Referring to the drawings, a bank note 1 to be tested is divided by
means of a mask or grate into four equally sized test areas a, b, c
and d, as can be seen in FIG. 1. The central crossing dashed lines
2 show the normal folds present in used bank notes. These folds, as
well as the two narrow edges of a bank note are more liable to
damage and are covered over for the measurement by means of a mask
6 having the form of a frame or grid with crossed strips of about
6-10mm width. The thus remaining four surfaces a, b, c and d of the
bank note image which are used for the measurement are shown
hatched in FIG. 1 and together form a surface, which in comparison
to the whole of the surface of the bank note amounts to at least 50
percent, preferably at least 75 percent, thereof. These surfaces a,
b, c and d are used for one sided photoelectric testing by
reflected light.
The photocells 10 used have a relatively large surface area,
preferably of the type of silicon photo elements, which receive the
light reflected from the bank note paper without optical aids such
as lenses or the like, and which generate the measured value.
The bank note 1 to be tested arrives from above via a funnel 52
(FIGS. 4, 5) into the testing apparatus behind a glass window 7. By
two electromagnets 49, the bank note 1 is pressed by a plate 48
against the receptor surface of the glass plate or window 7.
Adjacent glass window 7 but on the other side from bank note 1
there is the mask 6 which bears thick walled, horizontal frame
plates 3, 5, 8 (FIG. 1) and a vertical frame plate 15 of opaque
plastics material, which separate the four test fields a, b, c and
d of the bank note from one another. The center vertical frame
plate 15 is provided on both sides with cavities in each of which
in depressed position a photocell 10 or another light-sensitive
organ lies. Thus this plate 15 of the mask 6 is provided in all
with four photocells 10 which lie opposite one another in pairs and
right-angled to the bank note 1 (FIG. 2). The photocells 10 are
constructed as comparatively thin discs and are arranged in such a
fashion that light beams 13, 14 coming from an electrical glow lamp
11 do not fall directly onto these photocells 10. Onto these
photocells 10 which act as value generators there thus falls only
the diffuse light reflected at an angle from the bank note fields
a, b, c and d. In the beam of glow lamp 11, a filter glass 12 is
provided which stops the infra-red portion of light so that the
bank note 1 is really only illuminated with the visible part of the
spectrum. The reflected light from the bank note which falls on the
photocells 10 gives, according to the printed image and the printed
colors, an electric signal which can be evaluated as a measured
value.
As is evident from FIG. 3, to each of the photocells 10 belonging
to bank notes fields a, b, c and d, an amplifier 18, 19, 20, 21 is
connected. The outputs are processed in pairs by differentially
measuring discriminators 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 and 30.
The outputs of these discriminators are again combined additively
with one another, i.e. connected in parallel electrically, so that
a relatively high number of logical results are obtained concerning
the test result of the bank note, although in all only four fields
are measured.
Thereby, since for the differential measurement always two
photocells are combined together in pairs, there arises in total a
combination of six connection pairs. Each connection pair is fed to
a differentially working discriminator 25-30. Since the four
photocell amplifiers 18-21 are each provided with a trim
potentiometer, the amplifier outputs which are generated when an
average bank note is laid in the testing device can be adjusted
against a fixed reference voltage to a null value. The differential
evaluation has the advantage that a regular use of the bank note or
regular coloration changes will not be noted as an error for all
the four fields. By this also, better stability is imparted to the
device itself against external influences, such as ageing of the
glow lamp 11 of or the photocells 10.
The outputs of the six discriminators 25-30 are connected together
in parallel and this connection is fed across an adjustable
resistance 35, an amplifier stage 33 and a switching stage 34. This
switching stage 34 can either be a relay, an electromagnet or a
transistor for accepting of rejecting a bank note after testing.
The sensitivity of acceptance of the device can be adjusted by
altering the variable resistance 35 within fixed limits, since the
differential devices work as current generators and give a current
proportional in size to the faults of the bank note present, which
is translated to a voltage by resistance 35.
If this voltage rises to a given or predetermined value then the
threshold of the amplifier is exceeded and this then operates the
switching stage 34 which leads by further means the switch tongue
37 to the acceptance or rejection of the bank notes submitted. In
the simplest case even the difference between a single pair of
photocells 10 can be so great that the current is sufficient to
make the device respond and to reject the bank note. It can however
also be that several pairs each register relatively small
deviations and this results in the individual error currents being
relatively small. These partial currents add, however, in their
path through resistance 35 to a height of the threshold voltage
which likewise leads to rejection of the bank note. Since each of
the bank note fields, a, b, c and d is combined or compared with
each of the others, it is possible to stop attempts at cheating
with substantial security; on the other hand at least 90 percent of
the genuine bank notes in circulation of the chosen value will be
accepted by the testing device.
In FIG. 4 the components used in a discriminator and the
corresponding circuit are described in more detail. Only a single
discriminator 25 having a pair of photocells connected thereto with
the circuit means as illustrated will be described; the other
discriminators 26-30 are likewise constructed.
As is already evident from FIG. 3, each of the photocells 10 is
connected to an amplifier 18-21. One amplifier 18 is connected via
a lead 38 with the base of a transistor 39. The collector of this
transistor is connected via a lead 40 to the lead 32 common to all
discriminators. The emitter of this transistor 39 is connected via
a lead 42 to the output 23 of the other amplifier 19, with the
interposition of a resistance 43. This amplifier output 23 of the
second amplifier 19 is connected to the base of a second transistor
44, the collector of which is connected via a lead 45 with the lead
32. The emitter of this second transistor 44 is connected via a
lead 46 in which is located a resistance 47 to the first amplifier
output 38.
If a bank note 1 is pushed by hand in direction of arrow D into the
funnel 52 (FIGS. 5, 6), it falls by gravity along a vertical
channel 54 into the testing apparatus behind a glass window 7. The
channel 54 is laterally limited by guide plates 69 and at the
bottom by a stop member 59. A pair of upper and a lower light
barriers 55, 56 and 57 are arranged in the path of motion of the
bank note 1, with the effect that the two electromagnets 49 are
energized if the light beams of the light barriers are interrupted.
Each of the electromagnets 49 -- which are acting parallel -- are
connected by rod 50 with a pressure plate 48 so that the bank note
1 is pressed against the glass window 7 after moving the pressure
plate 18 in direction of arrow C. The bank note 1 pushes with the
lower narrow edge 16 against the stop member 59 which is a part of
a rocker or switch tongue 58 pivotally supported by a horizontal
pin 60. This switch tongue 58 is connected by a push rod 61 with
two electromagnets 62, 63 acting in opposite direction each other.
Depending on the result of the testing operation of the testing
device described, the switching stage 64 acts in such manner that
either electromagnet 62 or electromagnet 63 is energized. If
electromagnet 62 is energized the switch tongue is pivoted in
direction of arrow A and the bank note 1 is falling by gravity
along a sheet metal guide 67 into a magazine or cashbox 65 arranged
inside the apparatus. If one the other hand the electromagnet 63 is
energized, the switch tongue 58 is swivelled in direction of arrow
B if the bank note 1 is to be rejected. In this case the bank note
1 is falling into the return channel 64 after the pressure plate 48
has released the bank note 1.
While there is shown and described present preferred embodiments of
the invention, it is to be distinctly understood that the invention
is not limited thereto but may be otherwise variously embodied and
practised within the scope of the following claims.
* * * * *