U.S. patent number 3,709,499 [Application Number 05/101,265] was granted by the patent office on 1973-01-09 for electronic amusement device.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Electronic Data Controls Corporation. Invention is credited to Samuel C. Lukens, Jr..
United States Patent |
3,709,499 |
Lukens, Jr. |
January 9, 1973 |
ELECTRONIC AMUSEMENT DEVICE
Abstract
Electronic apparatus for simulating the throwing of a pair of
dice including two counters each of which is operable to count
continuously in sequence through six operating states. The counters
are each caused to count by high frequency triggering pulses from
respective pulse generators. The particular operating state of each
counter is indicated on a suitable display. A single push-button
switch is depressed momentarily to actuate the two pulse generators
thus causing the counters to switch continuously through the six
operating states. When the push-button switch is released, the
counters stop and the operating states at which they remain can be
determined from their respective displays.
Inventors: |
Lukens, Jr.; Samuel C.
(Needham, MA) |
Assignee: |
Electronic Data Controls
Corporation (Forsyth County, NC)
|
Family
ID: |
22283762 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/101,265 |
Filed: |
December 24, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
463/22 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63F
9/0468 (20130101); G07C 15/006 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A63F
9/04 (20060101); G07C 15/00 (20060101); A63f
005/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;273/138A |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
"Spots Before Your Eyes," Popular Electronics, September 1967.
Pages 29-34. .
"Electronic Dice," Electronics World, October, 1968. Pages
82-84..
|
Primary Examiner: Oechsle; Anton O.
Assistant Examiner: Kramer; Arnold W.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An amusement device for producing one of a plurality of possible
output indications selected by chance including in combination
counter circuit means operable to be switched through a
predetermined recurring sequence of operating states by triggering
pulses applied at the input thereto, and operable to remain in an
operating state in the absence of triggering pulses;
pulse generating means connected to the input of the counter
circuit means and operable to produce triggering pulses during the
occurrence of an energizing signal at a control connection;
manually-operated switch means connected to the control connection
of the pulse generating means and operable to produce said
energizing signal when actuated; and
output means connected to the counter circuit means and operable to
provide an indication of the operating state of the counter circuit
means;
said pulse generating means including
Schmitt trigger circuit means operable to produce a continuous
train of pulses at its output in response to a first voltage
condition being present at its input and operable to cease
producing said continuous train of pulses at its output in response
to a second voltage condition being present at its input,
resistance-capacitance delay means coupled to the Schmitt trigger
circuit means and operable to cause a delay in the operation of the
Schmitt trigger circuit means in producing said pulses at its
output in response to the occurrence of said first voltage
condition at its input, and
inverting gate means having a first input connection connected to
the output of the Schmitt trigger circuit means and a second input
connection constituted by said control connection, and an output
connection connected to the input of said Schmitt trigger circuit
means, said inverting gate means being operable while said
energizing signal is present at its control connection as a result
of said switch means actuation to produce the first voltage
condition at its output connection, said inverting gate means being
operable while said energizing signal is absent at its control
connection as a result of said switch means deactuation to produce
the second voltage condition at its output; whereby actuation of
the manually-operated switch means causes the counter circuit means
to be switched continuously through the predetermined recurring
sequence of operating states by triggering pulses from the pulse
generating means, and termination of actuation of the
manually-operated switch means causes the counter circuit means to
stop switching and the output means to provide an indication of the
particular operating state of the counter circuit means upon
termination of actuation of the manually-operated switch means.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to amusement devices for generating numbers
by chance. More particularly, it is concerned with electronic
apparatus for selecting numbers by chance from a set of numbers;
for example, in order to simulate the throwing of dice.
Many games and pastimes which employ chance as a factor require the
generation of numbers by chance from a set of numbers. One common
method of generating these numbers is by shaking and rolling out
two ivory cubes with a different number of spots, from one through
six, marked on each of the six faces of each cube. These cubes,
called dice, have been widely used for centuries.
There are various problems in employing dice to generate numbers by
chance. Mechanical imperfections in a die may alter the probability
that each of the six faces has an equal chance of being turned up.
In addition, it is difficult to throw dice in a confined space
which permits only limited physical movement, and it is extremely
difficult to employ dice when undergoing motion as when in
automotive vehicles or aircraft.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Many of the problems associated with the chance selection of
numbers by throwing dice are eliminated by employing apparatus in
accordance with the present invention. An amusement device in
accordance with the invention includes a counter circuit means
which is operable to be switched through a predetermined recurring
sequence of operating states by triggering pulses applied at its
input. A pulse generating means is connected to the input of the
counter circuit means and operates to produce triggering pulses
during the occurrence of an energizing signal at its control
connection. A manually-operated switch means is connected to the
control connection of the pulse generating means and is operable to
produce this energizing signal when it is actuated. An output means
is connected to the counter circuit means to provide an indication
of the operating state of the counter circuit means.
Thus, actuation of the manually-operated switch means causes the
counter circuit means to be switched continuously through the
predetermined recurring sequence of operating states by triggering
pulses from the pulse generating means. Upon termination of the
actuation of the manually-operated switch means, the counter
circuit means stops switching, and the output means provides an
indication of the particular opening state in which the counter
circuit means remains upon termination of actuation of the
manually-operated switch means.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Additional objects, features, and advantages of amusement devices
in accordance with the present invention will be apparent from the
following detailed discussion together with the accompanying
drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a logic diagram of an amusement device in accordance with
the invention for simulating the throwing of a pair of dice;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an amusement device for
incorporating circuitry corresponding to the logic diagram of FIG.
1 showing the operating controls and an arrangement for displaying
the readout from the circuitry;
FIG. 3 is a logic diagram of a modification of the logic diagram of
FIG. 1 employing an alternative form of the display of the
readout;
FIG. 4 is a detailed circuit diagram of a pulse generating circuit
which may be employed in the devices of FIGS. 1 and 3; and
FIG. 5 is a detailed circuit diagram of a circuit which may be
employed in driving incandescent lamps employed as indicators in
the displays of FIGS. 1 and 3.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is a logic diagram illustrating electronic apparatus in
accordance with the invention for simulating the throwing of a pair
of dice. The apparatus includes two counters 10 and 11 each of
which is caused to switch through a recurring sequence of six
different possible operating states by triggering pulses applied at
its input from a respective pulse generator 12 and 13. The two
pulse generators 12 and 13 are actuated by depressing a single
push-button switch 14.
As shown in FIG. 1, each of the counters 10 and 11 provides a
binary readout of its operating state. As is well understood, a
binary readout of six possible states requires three binary
indicators. As shown, the readout for each counter 10 and 11 is a
display of three incandescent lamps 15, 16, and 17, and 18, 19, and
20 having assigned values of "1," "2," and "4," respectively. The
lamps are operated by driving circuits 21, 22, and 23, and 24, 25,
and 26 connected to output connections from the counters 10 and 11,
respectively. The decimal value of each counter state is determined
by adding together the values of each of the lighted indicator
lamps associated with that counter.
The device is operated by momentarily depressing the push-button
switch 14 causing pulse generators 12 and 13 each to produce a
train of triggering pulses to the respective counters 10 and 11.
The counters switch continuously through the sequences of the six
operating states and upon termination of the pulse trains remain
operating in the last operating states to which they were switched.
Since the frequency of the trigger pulses is extremely high, it is
impossible to control or predict the particular operating states at
which the counters stop. Thus, these states are determined solely
by chance. The values of the lighted lamps of each set of indicator
lamps 15, 16, and 17 and 18, 19, and 20 are individually added to
provide numbers simulating numbers obtainable from each of the two
dice of a pair.
The logic arrangement of each counter 10 and 11 is the same.
Counter 10, for example, includes three bistable circuits 31, 32,
and 33. The bistable circuits includes J-K flip-flops having two
AND gates connected through an OR gate to each of the J and K
inputs, respectively. As is well understood, a J-K flip-flop is
switched from one stable condition during which an output signal is
produced at its Q output to another stable condition during which
an output signal is produced at its Q output by a triggering pulse
if input signals at its input logic provide a signal at its J
input. Similarly, it is switched from the other stable condition to
the one stable condition by a triggering pulse if input signals at
its input logic provide a signal at its K input.
The connections as shown between the Q and Q outputs of the
bistable circuits and the AND gate inputs are such that the J-K
flip-flops are conditioned to switch continuously through six
combinations of operating conditions. As shown, the bistable
circuits 31, 32, and 33 are designated as having values of 1, 2,
and 4, respectively. The bistable circuits may be considered as
producing these respective values when their respective Q outputs
are at the more positive or higher of two voltage levels. The
driving circuits 21, 22, and 23 are inverters in a logic sense and
thus a relatively high voltage level at a Q output causes the
respective incandescent lamp to light. The counter 10 as shown
counts in repetitive sequence from 1 through 6, as indicated by
summing the values of the lighted lamps 15, 16, and 17. The count
advances a value of 1 for each triggering pulse.
The pulse generator 12 for producing the triggering pulses to the
counter 10 includes a Schmitt trigger circuit 35 having a delay in
its switching characteristic caused by an RC network R1 and C1. A
NAND gate 36 has its output connected to the input of the Schmitt
trigger circuit 35. A feedback connection 37 from the output of the
Schmitt trigger circuit is connected to one of the input
connections of the NAND gate 36. Another input to the NAND gate 36
is connected through the normally-closed push-button switch 14 to
ground.
While the normally-closed push-button switch 14 remains closed, the
low voltage at the control input connection of the NAND gate 36
holds the output of the NAND gate 36 and thus the output of the
Schmitt trigger circuit relatively high. When the push-button
switch 14 is actuated, the pulse generator becomes a free-running
multivibrator. That is, when a relatively high voltage level occurs
at the output of the Schmitt trigger circuit 35, it is inverted by
the NAND gate 36 producing a relatively low voltage level at the
input to the Schmitt trigger circuit. After a delay caused by the
RC network R1 and C1 the Schmitt trigger circuit switches states to
produce a relatively low level voltage at its output. This voltage
level is applied to the NAND gate 36 and inverted to produce the
relatively high voltage level at the input to the Schmitt trigger
circuit. After a delay, the Schmitt trigger circuit switches and
the voltage at its output again becomes relatively high. Thus, the
pulse-generator 12 produces a continuous train of triggering pulses
to the counter 10 while the push-button switch 14 is depressed.
Whenever the push-button switch 14 is released, the control input
connection to the NAND gate 36 is grounded, and the input to the
Schmitt trigger circuit 35 and also the output of the Schmitt
trigger circuit remains at the relatively high voltage level thus
terminating the train of triggering pulses.
Apparatus in accordance with the logic diagram of FIG. 1 has been
fabricated by assembling standard integrated circuits. Each of the
bistable circuits 31, 32, and 33, and 41, 42, and 43 of the two
counters 10 and 11 was a Sylvania SF-60 series J-K flip-flop with
OR inputs. The two Schmitt trigger circuits 35 and 45 were the two
separate circuits of a Sylvania SG-80 series dual
pulse-shaper/delay AND gate. Each of these circuits has an internal
resistance R1 and R2 of 4000 ohms and external capacitors C1 and C2
of 1 microfarad were employed. The NAND gates 36 and 46 of the
pulse generators 12 and 13 were each one of the gate circuits of a
Sylvania SG-140 series quad 2-input NAND/NOR gate. The inverter
driving circuits 21, 22, and 23, and 24, 25, and 26 were individual
circuits of Sylvania SG-350 series quad 2-input/lamp drivers.
The logic circuitry of the apparatus of FIG. 1 together with four
D-size batteries connected in series to provide the Vcc operating
voltage for the apparatus may be mounted within an enclosure 51
such as that illustrated in FIG. 2. The logic circuitry is
connected to the batteries by means of an on-off switch 52. The
push-button switch 14 is depressed causing the pulse generators 12
and 13 to produce triggering pulses. The counters 10 and 11 switch
continuously through their sequences of six possible operating
states until the push-button switch 14 is released terminating the
trains of triggering pulses. The indicator lamps 15, 16, and 17,
and 18, 19, and 20 may be located within a suitable light
transmitting display arrangement 53 which represents the spots on
dice. Thus, a simulated throw of the dice is accomplished by
momentarily depressing the push-button switch 14 and adding
together the number of spots on the lighted simulated dice of each
set of three dice.
A modifications of the apparatus of FIG. 1 is illustrated in the
logic diagram of FIG. 3. The apparatus of FIG. 3 employs the same
counters 10 and 11, pulse generators 12 and 13, and push-button
switch 14 as the apparatus of FIG. 1. However, a different form of
display 61 and 62 is employed requiring a different decoding
arrangement 63 and 64 between the Q and Q outputs of the bistable
circuits 31, 32, and 33 and 41, 42, and 43 of the counters and the
incandescent lamps of the displays 61 and 62. Each display, 61 for
example, includes seven incandescent lamps 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76,
and 77 arranged in a pattern which corresponds to all six of the
possible arrangements of spots on the six faces of a die.
The decoder 63 includes an arrangement of NAND gates and inverting
driver circuits for causing appropriate lamps of the display to be
lighted in response to each particular combination of operating
conditions of the bistable circuits 31, 32, and 33. The six
possible combinations of operating conditions and the corresponding
lamps which are lighted are summarized in the following table.
Bistable Circuits Display Output Terminals Having Relatively High
Output Voltage Lighted Lamps 1 F/F 2 F/F 4 F/F 1 Q Q Q 74 2 Q Q Q
71, 77 3 Q Q Q 71, 74, 77 4 Q Q Q 71, 73, 75, 77 5 Q Q Q 71, 73,
74. 75, 77 6 Q Q Q 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77
thus, the display simulates the familiar pattern of spots on the
faces of a die.
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a Schmitt trigger circuit 35
employed in the pulse generators 12 and 13 of FIGS. 1 and 3. The
circuit illustrated within the dashed lines 80 is one of the
circuits in a Sylvania SG-80 series dual pulse-shaper/delay AND
gate. An external capacitance C1 is connected as shown to provide
with the internal resistance R1 and RC delay network. In the pulse
generators 12 and 13 employed, the AND arrangement of inputs to the
Schmitt trigger circuit is not required and only a single input to
the input transistor T1 is used.
In brief, the Schmitt trigger circuit 35 operates as follows. When
the voltage applied at the input of transistor T1 increases from a
relatively low level toward a relatively high level, current flow
through resistance R1 and across the base-emitter junction of
transistor T1 is reduced and the voltage at its collector
increases. This action is delayed because of the RC network R1 and
C1 connected between the base of transistor T1 and ground. Current
flow increases in transistor T2 causing the previously conducting
transistors T3 and T4 to become non-conducting. Transistors T5 and
T6 then conduct to establish the relatively high voltage level at
the output terminal.
When the voltage at the input of transistor T1 decreases, current
flow through the resistance R1 and across the base-emitter junction
of transistor T1 increases and the voltage at its collector
decreases. This action is also delayed because of the RC network R1
and C1 connected to the base of the transistor T1. Current flow
decreases in the collector circuit of transistor T2 causing
transistor T3 to be biased heavily into conduction. Transistor T4
is thereby caused to conduct heavily reducing the voltage at the
output terminal to the low level.
The Sylvania SG-80 series gate has an internal resistance R1 of
4000 ohms. When an external capacitor C1 of 1 microfarad is
employed, the pulse generator 12 produces triggering pulses at a
rate of approximately 1,000 pulses per seconds. It should be noted
that because of minute circuit differences, particularly in the
capacitors, the two pulse generators 12 and 13 will not operate at
precisely the same rate.
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of one of the driver inverter gates
employed in the decoding arrangements of FIG. 1 and FIG. 3. The
gate illustrated is one of the circuits in a Sylvania SG-350 series
quad 2-input line/lamp driver. The circuit has two inputs to
transistor T7 thus providing a NAND arrangement. When only a single
input is used, the circuit is an inverter. As shown in FIGS. 1 and
3 an indicator lamp is connected between the output terminal of the
driver circuit and the supply voltage Vcc. Thus, when a low voltage
level is present at any one of the inputs to transistor T7, the
output transistor T8 is non-conducting presenting a high impedance
to current flow through the lamp and thus the lamp is not lighted.
When a high voltage level is present at all of the inputs being
used, the output transistor T8 is biased into conduction and the
lamp is lighted.
Although in the disclosed embodiments the counters count upward and
numerical values are displayed in order from 1 through 6, different
sequences of counting and of displaying are possible. Two different
forms of displays are illustrated. However, by the use of suitable
decoding arrangements other forms of output indicia may be
employed. For example, separate indicators of various types may be
employed to designate each of the six states of each counter, or a
single standard seven-segment numeric display may be employed for
each counter. Furthermore, although apparatus for simulating the
throwing of a pair of dice has been described in detail herein, the
set of numbers, as determined by the possible combination of
operating states of a counter, from which a number is to be
selected by chance may be increased or decreased.
Thus, while there has been shown and described what are considered
preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be obvious
to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications
may be made therein without departing from the invention as defined
in the appended claims.
* * * * *