U.S. patent number 3,592,473 [Application Number 04/882,511] was granted by the patent office on 1971-07-13 for dice game having truly random number generation.
This patent grant is currently assigned to General Electric Company. Invention is credited to George Jernakoff, Michael J. Moore, Donald B. Sorensen.
United States Patent |
3,592,473 |
Jernakoff , et al. |
July 13, 1971 |
DICE GAME HAVING TRULY RANDOM NUMBER GENERATION
Abstract
A pair of electronic oscillator/feedback shift register/decoding
circuitry combinations are used for a game of dice. Each of these
combinations is arranged to randomly generate numbers in six states
(1--6) and to independently display the numbers so generated by
each combination upon actuation by the player, as by pressing a
button. The states prevailing in the separate feedback shift
registers upon cessation of pulse input are decoded and displayed
to represent the results of a dice throw by the player.
Inventors: |
Jernakoff; George (Loudonville,
NY), Moore; Michael J. (Schenectady, NY), Sorensen;
Donald B. (Scotia, NY) |
Assignee: |
General Electric Company
(N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
25380753 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/882,511 |
Filed: |
December 5, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
463/22 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G07C
15/008 (20130101); G06F 7/588 (20130101); G06F
7/584 (20130101); G06F 2207/583 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G06F
7/58 (20060101); G07C 15/00 (20060101); A63f
005/04 (); A63b 071/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;273/138A |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
"Spots Before Your Eyes" in POPULAR ELECTRONICS, September 1967,
pages 29--34. 273-138 A UX.
|
Primary Examiner: Oechsle; Anton O.
Assistant Examiner: Kramer; Arnold W.
Claims
What we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the
United States is:
1. A simulated dice game for producing truly random die
combinations on each die and reflecting true dice odds for each
play of the dice comprising in combination:
a. a first oscillator having a frequency of electric pulse
generation in excess of about 100,000 cycles per second,
b. a second oscillator having a frequency of electric pulse
generation in excess of about 100,000 cycles per second, pulse
generation in said first oscillator being independent of and at a
different rate than pulse generation in said second oscillator,
c. means electrically connected to said first and second oscillator
for actuation thereof, said means for actuation being adapted for
selective manual activation and deactivation,
d. first means electrically connected to receive the pulse output
from said first oscillator for generating changes in bilevel states
in response to pulse input thereto, the changing states proceeding
in a fixed repetitive sequence of six distinct states,
e. second means electrically connected to receive the pulse output
from said second oscillator for generating changes in bilevel
states in response to pulse input thereto, the changing states
proceeding in a fixed repetitive sequence of six distinct
states,
f. first decoding means electrically connected to said first
generating means for decoding bilevel output signals received
therefrom to reflect the prevailing state therein,
g. second decoding means electrically connected to said second
generating means for decoding bilevel output signals received
therefrom to reflect the prevailing state therein,
h. first display means electrically connected to said first
decoding means, said first display means being driven by said first
decoding means in response to the decoding function conducted
thereby to display at any instant the particular state prevailing
in said first generating means, and
i. second display means electrically connected to said second
decoding means, said second display means being driven by said
second decoding means in response to the decoding function
conducted thereby to display at any instant the particular state
prevailing in said second generating means.
2. The simulated dice game as recited in claim 1 wherein the first
and second oscillators are regenerative oscillators that operate at
frequencies of about one million cycles per second.
3. The simulated dice game as recited in claim 2 wherein each means
for changing bilevel state is a feedback shift register and each
decoding means comprises seven output drivers arranged to decode
the six states of the register connected thereto into four display
conditions taken singly or in combination to cause the display
means connected thereto to sequentially reflect the prevailing
states in said register, each display means comprises seven low
voltage lamps, the arrangement of said output drivers being as
follows:
a. the first, second, fourth and fifth drivers are individually
electrically connected to four separate output terminals of said
register,
b. the third and sixth drivers are electrically connected in common
to a fifth output terminal of said register,
c. the output of said first driver is electrically connected to a
first lamp,
d. the outputs of said second and third drivers are electrically
connected in common to second and third lamps arranged in
parallel,
e. the output of said fourth driver is electrically connected to a
fourth and fifth lamp arranged in parallel and
f. the fifth, sixth and seventh drivers are interconnected with the
outputs of said fifth and sixth drivers being applied in common to
said seventh driver, the output of said seventh driver being
electrically connected to the sixth and seventh lamps arranged in
parallel.
4. The simulated dice game as recited in claim 1 wherein the means
for actuation of the oscillators comprises switches for separately
actuating either oscillator and a switch for simultaneously
actuating both oscillators.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The generation of numbers with varying degrees of randomness has
been accomplished in the prior art with mechanical devices,
electromechanical devices and by the use of electronic means for
generating random signals. Thus, for example, U.S. Pat. No.
2,012,544--O'Neil, and U.S. Pat. No. 3,357,703--Hurley, are
examples of electromechanical apparatus for random generation for
games of chance and U.S. Pat. No. 3,439,281--McGuire et al.,
describes electronic means for generating random signals as part of
a chance amusement device. The latter patent obviates difficulties
encountered with mechanical and electromechanical systems, which
require periodic servicing, are subject to wear by friction between
moving elements and/or operate at relatively high voltages and
currents. The McGuire et al. patent is, however, a very complicated
electronic arrangement for accomplishing random number
generation.
An electronic dice game purported to be truly random and to operate
with true dice odds is disclosed in the article "Spots Before Your
Eyes" in Popular Electronics (Sept. 1967, pages 29--34). A single
3kHz. oscillator is employed to drive a first counter, which has a
dual output (a) an output to a decoder/driver that in turn produces
die combinations on first display means and (b) a divide-by-six
output to a second counter that in turn produces die combinations
on second display means. A special pulse circuit is provided so
that the counters are automatically reset the instant the operating
pushbutton is depressed.
Two features of the Popular Electronics device prevent truly random
operation with true dice odds; namely, the "slave" relationship
between the first counter and the second counter and the automatic
reset to a preset starting state condition. With respect to the
"slave" relationship in this device a run through six states on the
first counter automatically moves the second counter through a
single state, because of this fixed relationship between the
operation of the two counters. With respect to the reset feature,
this device upon being activated always starts from reset fixed
states. These characteristics, particularly in view of the
relatively low (500 Hz.) frequency of operation for the "slave"
die, offer the opportunity for influence of the dice odds by a
practiced operator.
The object of the instant invention is to provide a reliable,
completely random electronic device for independently generating
die combinations on a simulated pair of dice, which device is
greatly simplified in design.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Two separate electronic regenerative oscillator/counter/decoding
and indicia sequences are operable by a single actuating mechanism
to simulate conventional dice play or, if desired, are actuable by
separate actuating mechanisms for a variation of the conventional
dice game. The oscillators operate with slightly different, but
very high, frequencies.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The exact nature of this invention as well as the objects and
advantages thereof will be readily apparent from consideration of
the following specification relating to the annexed drawing in
which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the overall system of random
generation and display;
FIG. 2 is a logic diagram of the system shown in FIG. 1, and
FIG. 3 is a view (partially cut away) showing the arrangement of
lamps and their wiring for each die face.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
As is shown in FIG. 1 high frequency electronic oscillators 31 and
32 (arranged to be actuated either independently or simultaneously)
are electrically connected to feed fixed-frequency pulses generated
thereby to feedback shift registers 33 and 34, respectively. These
feedback shift registers are cycled through six states in a fixed
sequence by these pulses inputs completely independently of each
other. As each of the six states in the feedback shift registers 33
and 34 is attained each succeeding state is detected and decoded by
the decoding drivers 36 and 37, respectively.
Decoding drivers 36, 37 are connected to a common power source and
to a common ground and depending on the states prevailing in their
respective feedback shift registers, each decoder driver permits 1,
2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 lamps of dies X and Y, respectively, to receive
electrical power to light and thereby indicate the particular die
combinations represented by the states prevailing at that instant
in registers 33, 34.
The lamps are arranged in each set (FIG. 3) so that when any given
combination is lit it appears as such a combination would appear on
one face of a conventional die e.g. a showing of "5" would light
lamps H, P, K, M and L. Of course, as long as pulses are fed from
the oscillators 31, 32 to the feedback shift registers 33, 34 the
cycling of register states and lit lamp combinations proceeds much
more rapidly than the eye can discretely detect. The frequency of
each oscillator is at least 100,000 cycles per second. Preferably 1
MHz. regeneration oscillators are used for oscillators 31, 32. The
1 MHz. designation is nominal, because these oscillators do not
(and must not) in fact issue pulses at exactly the same frequency
due to component tolerances. Even though actuated at the same
instant and nominally rated at the same frequency oscillators 31,
32 run completely independent of each other, each cycling the
register to which it is connected through the six states
approximately 165,000 times per second.
When the operator releases pushbutton 38 to open switch 39, which
controls both oscillators 31, 32, the oscillators stop and each
register stops "counting." The state reflected in each register in
response to entry of the last pulse into each respective register
will be indicated by lighting of the proper lights, which will have
been provided with power from the common power source 40 (e.g.
battery or +5v DC source) by the voltage output of decoder drivers
36, 37. These lights reflecting dice combinations remain lit until
the states of both registers are changed by starting up the
oscillators once more.
Alternatively buttons 41, 42 actuating the switches 43, 44 (and
oscillators 31, 32), respectively, may be separately depressed. In
such a situation a single actuated oscillator/decoder
driver/indicator combination may, for example, be cycled through
the fixed sequence of states in a game in which the player seeks to
match the die combination displayed on the second die in the
nonactuated oscillator/decoder driver/indicator combination.
As will be developed in connection with the logic diagram of the
system shown in FIG. 2 the sequence of count of die states by each
register is 1-3-5-4-6-2.
FIG. 2 comprises two regenerative oscillators 31, 32 (each
consisting of three inverters, e.g. single input NAND gates of the
836[Motorola] type, a 0.001 microfarad capacitor and the feedback
loop); feedback shift registers 33, 34 (each consisting of three
D-type 7474 [Texas Instruments] flip-flops with terminals connected
as shown); decoder drivers 36, 37 (e.g. each consisting of five
-844 [Motorola] output drivers and two -836 [Motorola] output
drivers connected to the registers as shown and driving the small
lamps shown in FIG. 3); both separate and common switch means, and
a separate inverter connected in series between the switch means
and each regenerative oscillator. The flip-flops are set and reset
by "0" to "0" and "1" to "0" bilevel transitions, respectively and
all output drivers are inverters providing a "0" output only when
presented with a "1" input (and visa versa). In the device
illustrated the "0" state is slightly positive as compared to 0
volts and the "1" state is equal to +5 volts.
To avoid duplication, operation of the device will be described for
die X only, the operation of die Y being identical therewith and
identical numbers being used for identical parts. Thus, by way of
illustration pulses leave oscillator 31 along line 46 enter
register 33 and are simultaneously applied to terminal 3 of
flip-flop a, terminal 3 of flip-flop b and terminal 11 of flip-flop
c as shown. Assuming a state with each of flip-flops a, b and c of
register 33 in the reset (0) condition terminal 8 of flip-flop c,
terminals 2 and 6 of flip-flop a and terminal 6 of flip-flop b are
all in the "1" state. The first pulse reaching flip-flop a will set
flip-flop a by simultaneously changing the state of terminal 5
thereof from "0" to "1" and also changing the state of terminal 6
thereof from "1" to "0."
In this condition the electrical signal input to driver 47 is "1"
and the output from driver 47 is "0" being, therefore, at about 0
volts. In this condition the +5 volts of the common power source
will light lamp L (note FIG. 3) of die X. The input to driver 48 is
"0" and the output therefrom is "1."
If lamps K and M of die X are to be lit there must be a "0" output
for at least one of the drivers 48, 49. Because terminal 5
(flip-flop b) is in the reset state, the input to driver 49 is "0"
and the output is "1" (+5v). Under these conditions although lamps
K and M are connected to the common power source (+5v), there is no
difference in potential across these lamps and lamps K and M of die
X do not light.
The input to driver 51 is "0"; the output is "1," therefore lamps H
and P are not lit. Because of the "0" state of terminal 5 of
flip-flop b and the "1" state of terminal 8 of flip-flop c, only
driver 53 of the drivers 52, 53 can provide a "1" state input for
driver 54. Therefore, with a "0" input to driver 54 prevailing, the
output therefrom will be "1" whereby lamps J and N are unlit. Thus,
it may be seen that for the 1-0-0 state for flip-flops a, b and c,
respectively, the die reflecting this state will display a die
combination of one.
The second pulse passing along line 46 does not alter the set
condition of flip-flop a (terminal 5 in the "1" state), but places
flip-flop b in the set condition, because terminal 5 thereof will
now be at "1." Flip-flop c is not affected and remains reset. Thus,
register 33 is in the 1-1-0 state. An analysis of driver inputs and
outputs in the manner described above as set forth in the following
table will show that lamps L, K and M are lit to produce a die
combination of three: ##SPC1##
The next pulse reaching register 33 will set flip-flop c (terminal
9 will be placed in the "1" state and terminal 8 will be in the "0"
state) and the state of register 33 will become 1-1-1. At the same
time, therefore, the input to flip-flop a becomes reset to "0" with
the outputs from terminals 5 and 6 thereof remaining at "1" and "0,
" respectively. In state 1-1-1 the outputs from register 33 to
decoder driver 36 cause the lighting of lamps L, K, M, H and P with
the resulting die combination of five for die X as shown in the
following table: ##SPC2##
With input terminal 2 of flip-flop a in the reset state the fourth
pulse along line 46 from oscillator 31 changes the states of
terminals 5 and 6 thereof to "0" and "1," respectively, The state
of register 33 has, therefore, become 0-1-1 and the outputs
therefrom to decoder driver 36 and the new combination showing for
die X will be the number 4 as shown by the following table:
##SPC3##
The subsequently occurring states for register 33 of 0-0-1 and
0-0-0 will produce combinations for die X of six and two,
respectively. Thereafter, the state of register 33 reverts to state
1-0-0 and the sequence is repeated. The rate at which the sequence
is repeated is, of course, extremely rapid being at least 166,000
times/sec. for each oscillator.
Die Y will have its lamps H, K. L, M, N and P lit to present the
same numerical sequence (1-3-5-4-6-2) but at a different rate of
change, because regenerative oscillators 31, 32 operate at
different speeds. The difference in speed is not critical, but for
practical reasons it is advantageous to select oscillators that
have the same nominal rating and rely upon the difference in their
actual speed of operation brought about by the slight differences
in the components of the oscillators within the allowable
manufacturing tolerances.
Capacitors 56 and 57 (e.g. about 100 .mu.fd. and 0.01 .mu.fd.,
respectively) prevent the entry of spurious signals to interfere
with operation of the device and the inventers 58, 59 present the
switch outputs to their respective oscillators in logic form. Faces
61, 62 are transparent colored plastic.
There is no need for resetting registers 33, 34, because regardless
of the states of these registers existing after a previous
operation of the device there is absolutely no dependence of either
register on the other. For the next play the "counting" proceeds
from the states prevailing in the registers. This feature, of
course, simplifies the circuitry, while contributing still further
to the randomness of the dice game of this invention.
Modification may be made in the specific arrangement shown e.g.
employing a ring counter or a binary counter without the necessity
of providing a reset feature. The substitution of a different
counter would, however, require different decoder-driver
arrangements.
* * * * *