U.S. patent number 11,050,482 [Application Number 16/689,758] was granted by the patent office on 2021-06-29 for active repeater device shared by multiple service providers to facilitate communication with customer premises equipment.
This patent grant is currently assigned to SILICON VALLEY BANK. The grantee listed for this patent is Movandi Corporation. Invention is credited to Michael Boers, Sam Gharavi, Ahmadreza Rofougaran, Maryam Rofougaran, Donghyup Shin, Farid Shirinfar, Kartik Sridharan, Stephen Wu, Seunghwan Yoon.
United States Patent |
11,050,482 |
Gharavi , et al. |
June 29, 2021 |
Active repeater device shared by multiple service providers to
facilitate communication with customer premises equipment
Abstract
An active repeater device including a first antenna array, a
controller, and one or more secondary sectors receives or transmits
a first beam of input RF signals from or to, respectively, a first
base station operated by a first service provider and a second beam
of input RF signals from or to, respectively, a second base station
operated by a second service provider. A controller assigns a first
beam setting to a first group of customer premises equipment (CPEs)
and a second beam setting to a second group of CPEs, based on one
or more corresponding signal parameters associated with the each
corresponding group of CPEs. A second antenna array of the second
RH unit concurrently transmits or received a first beam of output
RF signals to or from the first group of CPEs and a second beam of
output RF signals to the second group of CPEs.
Inventors: |
Gharavi; Sam (Irvine, CA),
Rofougaran; Ahmadreza (Newport Beach, CA), Boers;
Michael (South Turramurra, AU), Yoon; Seunghwan
(Irvine, CA), Sridharan; Kartik (San Diego, CA), Shin;
Donghyup (Irvine, CA), Shirinfar; Farid (Granada Hills,
CA), Wu; Stephen (Fountain Valley, CA), Rofougaran;
Maryam (Rancho Palos Verdes, CA) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Movandi Corporation |
Irvine |
CA |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
SILICON VALLEY BANK (Santa
Clara, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
1000005643317 |
Appl.
No.: |
16/689,758 |
Filed: |
November 20, 2019 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20200091992 A1 |
Mar 19, 2020 |
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Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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16032668 |
Jul 11, 2018 |
10630373 |
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62531161 |
Jul 11, 2017 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04B
7/1555 (20130101); H04B 7/15 (20130101); H04B
7/165 (20130101); H04W 52/245 (20130101); H04B
17/318 (20150115); H04W 52/46 (20130101); H04B
7/2041 (20130101); H04B 7/0413 (20130101); H04B
7/0617 (20130101); H04B 7/15514 (20130101); H04L
5/14 (20130101); H04L 5/0023 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H04B
7/0413 (20170101); H04B 7/165 (20060101); H04W
52/24 (20090101); H04B 7/155 (20060101); H04L
5/00 (20060101); H04W 52/46 (20090101); H04B
7/06 (20060101); H04L 5/14 (20060101); H04B
7/204 (20060101); H04B 17/318 (20150101); H04B
7/15 (20060101) |
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Primary Examiner: Wong; Linda
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Chip Law Group
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS/INCORPORATION BY
REFERENCE
This patent application makes reference to, claims priority to,
claims the benefit of, and is a Continuation Application of U.S.
patent application Ser. No. 16/032,668, filed Jul. 11, 2018, which
claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.
62/531,161 filed on Jul. 11, 2017.
The above referenced application is hereby incorporated herein by
reference in its entirety.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An active repeater device, comprising: a primary sector that
includes a baseband signal processor and a first radio head (RH)
unit, wherein a first antenna array of the first RH unit is
configured to receive a first beam of input RF signals from a first
base station operated by a first service provider and a second beam
of input RF signals from a second base station operated by a second
service provider or transmit the first beam of input RF signals to
the first base station and the second beam of input RF signals to
the second base station; a controller of the baseband signal
processor is configured to assign a first beam setting from a
plurality of beam settings to a first group of customer premises
equipment (CPEs) of a plurality of groups of CPEs and a second beam
setting from the plurality of beam settings to a second group of
CPEs of the plurality of groups of CPEs, wherein the first beam
setting is different than the second beam setting; and at least a
secondary sector that is communicatively coupled to the primary
sector and includes a second RH unit, wherein a second antenna
array of the second RH unit is configured to concurrently transmit
a first beam of output RF signals to the first group of CPEs
associated with the first service provider and a second beam of
output RF signals to the second group of CPEs associated with the
second service provider or receive the first beam of output RF
signals from the first group of CPEs and the second beam of output
RF signals from the second group of CPEs, wherein the first beam of
output RF signals and the second beam of output RF signals are
transmitted or received based on the first beam setting or the
second beam setting, the received first beam of input RF signals
for the first group of CPEs, and the received second beam of input
RF signals for the second group of CPEs.
2. The active repeater device of claim 1, wherein the first antenna
array is further configured to concurrently receive the first beam
of input RF signals and the second beam of input RF signals via a
network of other active repeater devices, wherein the second
antenna array is further configured to concurrently transmit the
first beam of output RF signals to the first group of CPEs and the
second beam of output RF signals to the second group of CPEs via
the network of other active repeater devices, and wherein one or
both of the first base station and the second base station and one
or more CPEs of the plurality of groups of CPEs are located at a
distance greater than a maximum transmission range of the active
repeater device.
3. The active repeater device of claim 1, wherein the first beam
setting and the second beam setting are assigned based on one or
more corresponding signal parameters associated with the first
group of CPEs and the second group of CPEs, wherein the one or more
signal parameters corresponds to received signal strength indicator
(RSSI) associated with the plurality of groups of CPEs, wherein the
RSSI indicates a location or a distance of each group of the
plurality of groups of CPEs from the active repeater device.
4. The active repeater device of claim 1, further comprising a
plurality of second antenna arrays including the second antenna
array of the second RH unit, wherein the first beam of input RF
signals includes a first full-bandwidth signal intended for the
first group of CPEs, wherein the second beam of input RF signals
includes a second full-bandwidth signal intended for the second
group of CPEs, and wherein the plurality of second antenna arrays
are configured to transmit the first beam of output RF signals to
the first group of CPEs and the second beam of output RF signals to
the second group of CPEs by a switch of the first beam of output RF
signals and the second beam of output RF signals, wherein the first
beam of output RF signals and the second beam of output RF signals
are switched based on assigned different timeslot and the first
beam setting or the second beam setting.
5. The active repeater device of claim 4, wherein the first
full-bandwidth signal received from the first base station is
re-transmitted to the first group of CPEs over the first beam of
output RF signals, and wherein the second full-bandwidth signal
received from the second base station is re-transmitted to the
second group of CPEs over the second beam of output RF signals.
6. The active repeater device of claim 1, wherein each of the
plurality of beam settings correspond to a different beam profile
of a plurality of different beams transmitted by the second antenna
array in the second RH unit.
7. The active repeater device of claim 1, wherein the active
repeater device comprises a memory configured to store a database
comprising the plurality of beam settings, and wherein each of the
plurality of beam settings comprises a set of beamforming
coefficients.
8. The active repeater device of claim 1, wherein the first antenna
array comprises a first set of antenna elements and the second
antenna array comprises a second set of antenna elements, and
wherein the controller is further configured to partition the
second set of antenna elements of the second antenna array into a
plurality of spatially separated antenna sub-arrays.
9. The active repeater device of claim 8, wherein the second
antenna array is configured to generate a plurality of beams of
output RF signals based on the partition, wherein the first beam of
output RF signals is generated by super-position of a first set of
beams of output RF signals from the plurality of beams of output RF
signals with each other, and wherein the second beam of output RF
signals is generated by the super-position of a second set of beams
of output RF signals from the plurality of beams of output RF
signals with each other.
10. The active repeater device of claim 1, wherein the second RH
unit further comprises a cascading transmitter chain that includes
a second set of power dividers, a second set of phase shifters, a
second set of power amplifiers, and the second antenna array that
includes a second set of antenna elements.
11. The active repeater device of claim 10, wherein the controller
is further configured to adjust phase shifts of output RF signals
using the second set of phase shifters to generate the first beam
of output RF signals and the second beam of output RF signals,
wherein the phase shifts of output RF signals are adjusted based on
a predefined criteria, wherein the first beam of output RF signals
and the second beam of output RF signals have a second beam pattern
generated based on the adjustment of the phase shifts of the output
RF signals using the second set of phase shifters independent of
changes in amplitude of the output RF signals, and wherein the
second beam pattern is wider than a first beam pattern of the first
beam of input RF signals and the second beam of input RF
signals.
12. The active repeater device of claim 10, wherein the controller
is further configured to adjust phase shifts of output RF signals
using the second set of phase shifters to generate the first beam
of output RF signals and the second beam of output RF signals,
wherein the phase shifts of output RF signals are adjusted based on
a quadratic phase distribution scheme.
13. The active repeater device of claim 1, wherein the primary
sector and the at least secondary sector of the active repeater
device, after installation at a defined location, are configured to
cover a portion of a 360-degree scan range for communication among
a plurality of base stations including the first base station and
the second base station, the plurality of groups of CPEs, or
another active repeater device.
14. The active repeater device of claim 1, further comprises a
plurality of first antenna arrays, wherein the plurality of first
antenna arrays are further configured to receive different input RF
signals from different CPEs of the plurality of groups of CPEs
through different beam patterns and distances, wherein the received
different input RF signals from the different CPEs are superimposed
by the primary sector and the received different input RF signals
are transmitted to a corresponding base station in an uplink
communication as a single stream with a first beam pattern, and
wherein the single stream includes full frequency channel that
corresponds to the different input RF signals received from at
least one group of CPEs of the plurality of groups of CPEs.
15. The active repeater device of claim 1, wherein the baseband
signal processor is configured to support multi-band millimeter
wave (mm Wave) spectrum and sub-30 GHz spectrum concomitantly.
16. A method, comprising: in an active repeater device comprising a
primary sector that includes a baseband signal processor and a
first radio head (RH) unit, and at least a secondary sector that is
communicatively coupled to the primary sector and includes a second
RH unit: receiving a first beam of input RF signals from a first
base station operated by a first service provider and a second beam
of input RF signals from a second base station operated by a second
service provider or transmitting the first beam of input RF signals
to the first base station and the second beam of input RF signals
to the second base station; assigning, by a controller of the
baseband signal processor, a first beam setting from a plurality of
beam settings to a first group of customer premises equipment
(CPEs) of a plurality of groups of CPEs and a second beam setting
from the plurality of beam settings to a second group of CPEs of
the plurality of groups of CPEs, wherein the first beam setting is
different than the second beam setting; and concurrently
transmitting a first beam of output RF signals to the first group
of CPEs associated with the first service provider and a second
beam of output RF signals to the second group of CPEs associated
with the second service provider or receiving the first beam of
output RF signals from the first group of CPEs and the second beam
of output RF signals from the second group of CPEs, wherein the
first beam of output RF signals and the second beam of output RF
signals are transmitted or received based on the first beam setting
or the second beam setting, the received first beam of input RF
signals for the first group of CPEs, and the received second beam
of input RF signals for the second group of CPEs.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the first beam setting and the
second beam setting are assigned based on one or more corresponding
signal parameters associated with the first group of CPEs and the
second group of CPEs, wherein the one or more signal parameters
corresponds to received signal strength indicator (RSSI) associated
with the plurality of groups of CPEs, wherein the RSSI indicates a
location or a distance of each group of the plurality of groups of
CPEs from the active repeater device.
18. The method of claim 16, further comprising concurrently
transmitting, by a plurality of second antenna arrays, the first
beam of output RF signals to the first group of CPEs and the second
beam of output RF signals to the second group of CPEs by switching
the first beam of output RF signals and the second beam of output
RF signals, wherein the first beam of output RF signals and the
second beam of output RF signals are switched based on assigned
different timeslot and the first beam setting or the second beam
setting.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first beam of input RF
signals includes a first full-bandwidth signal intended for the
first group of CPEs, wherein the second beam of input RF signals
includes a second full-bandwidth signal intended for the second
group of CPEs, wherein the first full-bandwidth signal received
from the first base station is re-transmitted to the first group of
CPEs over the first beam of output RF signals, and wherein the
second full-bandwidth signal received from the second base station
is re-transmitted to the second group of CPEs over the second beam
of output RF signals.
20. The method of claim 16, further comprising storing by the
controller, a database comprising the plurality of beam settings in
a memory, wherein each of the plurality of beam settings comprises
a set of beamforming coefficients.
Description
FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
Certain embodiments of the disclosure relate to an active repeater
device in a wireless system. More specifically, certain embodiments
of the disclosure relate to an active repeater device that can be
shared by multiple service providers to facilitate communication
with multiple customer premises equipment (CPEs).
BACKGROUND
Wireless telecommunication in modern times has witnessed advent of
various signal processing and transmission techniques and methods,
such beam forming techniques, for enhancing capacity of radio
channels. A conventional repeater device may be configured to relay
one or more RF signals received from a particular base station
(associated with a particular service provider) to one or more
customer premises equipment (CPE) registered with the particular
service provider. The conventional repeater device may only receive
input RF signals from the particular base station. Hence, the
conventional repeater devices may only serve the particular service
provider and the one or more CPEs which may be registered with the
particular service provider.
In certain scenarios, a plurality of service providers may operate
in a particular geographical region. In such cases, each of the
plurality of service providers may require different repeater
devices to operate in the particular geographical region.
Installation and maintenance costs of each of the plurality of
repeater devices may be exclusively borne by a corresponding
service provider which may be served by the respective repeater
device. Hence, use of conventional RF repeater devices in such
scenarios may not be economical. Thus, an advanced active repeater
device may be desired that may efficiently share its resources
between multiple service providers and multiple CPEs without
affecting quality level of bidirectional communication to- and from
the CPEs.
Further limitations and disadvantages of conventional and
traditional approaches will become apparent to one of skill in the
art, through comparison of such systems with some aspects of the
present disclosure as set forth in the remainder of the present
application with reference to the drawings.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
An active repeater device shareable by multiple service providers
to facilitate communication with multiple customer premises
equipment (CPEs) is provided and, substantially as shown in and/or
described in connection with at least one of the figures, as set
forth more completely in the claims.
These and other advantages, aspects and novel features of the
present disclosure, as well as details of an illustrated embodiment
thereof, will be more fully understood from the following
description and drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1A is a network environment diagram that illustrates an
exemplary active repeater device shareable by multiple service
providers, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the
disclosure.
FIG. 1B is a first graph that illustrates a timing profile of
resource block utilization of an exemplary active repeater device
to facilitate communication with different CPEs, in accordance with
an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.
FIG. 1C is a second graph that illustrates a timing profile of
beams of an exemplary active repeater device to facilitate
communication with CPEs, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment
of the disclosure.
FIG. 2A is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary one-sector
active repeater device, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment
of the disclosure.
FIG. 2B is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary two-sector
active repeater device, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment
of the disclosure.
FIG. 2C is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary three-sector
active repeater device, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment
of the disclosure.
FIG. 3 depicts a circuit diagram illustrating various components of
an exemplary radio head unit in an exemplary active repeater, in
accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.
FIG. 4 depicts a block diagram illustrating various components of
an exemplary baseband signal processor in an exemplary active
repeater device, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the
disclosure.
FIG. 5A illustrates a second antenna array in a secondary sector of
an exemplary active repeater device, for logical partitioning of
antenna elements to generate separate beams of output RF signals
based on superposition of antenna sub-arrays, in accordance with an
exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.
FIG. 5B depicts a first graph illustrating variation of effective
isotropic radiated power (EIRP) with respect to azimuth angle of a
second antenna array in an exemplary active repeater device to
facilitate communication with CPEs, in accordance with an exemplary
embodiment of the disclosure.
FIG. 5C depicts a second graph illustrating variation of effective
isotropic radiated power (EIRP) with respect to azimuth angle of a
second antenna array in an exemplary active repeater device to
facilitate communication with CPEs, in accordance with an exemplary
embodiment of the disclosure.
FIG. 5D depicts a block diagram illustrating a second antenna array
of an exemplary active repeater device configured to generate a
plurality of beams of output RF signals based on phase-only
excitation of antenna elements, in accordance with an exemplary
embodiment of the disclosure.
FIG. 6A illustrates a first exemplary scenario for implementation
of the active repeater device, in accordance with an embodiment of
the disclosure.
FIG. 6B illustrates a second exemplary scenario for implementation
of the active repeater device, in accordance with an embodiment of
the disclosure.
FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary scenario for implementation of a
network of active repeater devices, in accordance with an exemplary
embodiment of the disclosure.
FIGS. 8A and 8B, collectively, depict a flow chart that illustrates
an exemplary method of operating an exemplary active repeater
device to facilitate communication with CPEs, in accordance with an
embodiment of the disclosure.
FIGS. 9A and 9B, collectively, depict a flow chart that illustrates
exemplary operations in an exemplary active repeater device to
facilitate communication with CPEs, in accordance with an
embodiment of the disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE
Certain embodiments of the disclosure may be found in an active
repeater device for beam widening to communicate with a plurality
of customer premises equipment. Emergence of 5G networks in cm-wave
and mm-wave bands is introducing new opportunities as well as new
technical challenges. 5G networks may provide orders of magnitude
improvement in throughput and capacity complimented by the
availability of wider spectrum bands, for example, in 28/39/60 GHz
frequencies (or between 28-300 GHz) and massive frequency reuse
through utilization of highly directional antennas. However,
deployment of 5G networks is conditioned on overcoming challenges
for example: 1. Higher propagation loss at high frequencies with a
single antenna of size .about..lamda./2. This is a well understood
challenge with a well-analyzed solution, where use of steerable
phased arrays may overcome this challenge by building large antenna
apertures through co-phasing of many small antenna elements. 2.
Need for trackable line-of-sight (LOS) path or strong reflective
path between transmitter and receiver. Lack of refraction and
diffraction in high radio frequencies also limits availability of
links to LOS path or strong mirror-like reflective paths. This may
be a constraint to deliver wireless connections that are to be made
available anywhere and anytime. 3. High transmittance loss through
the signal-obstructing physical objects or material at high radio
frequencies. The high radio frequencies, such as the cm-wave and
mm-wave radio signals, demonstrate high transmittance losses when
propagating through typical signal-obstructing physical objects or
materials, such as tinted glass, wood, drywall, other glasses etc,
when compared to sub-5 GHz radio signals. This may be a constraint
to availability of connections, anywhere and anytime.
The first challenge is well understood and successfully mitigated
by use of large phased array antennas. However, currently, there
are no widely-agreed-on and/or standard mitigation techniques to
the second and the third challenges as given above. The disclosed
active repeater device not only mitigates at least the two
remaining challenges, but also enables efficient sharing of its
beamforming resources with multiple service providers without
affecting quality level of bidirectional communication between
different base stations and customer premises equipment (CPEs), or
other active repeater devices. The disclosed active repeater device
may serve a plurality of service providers as opposed to a
conventional active repeater device which may only serve a single
service provider. Hence, use of the active repeater device may be
more cost efficient in comparison with use of the conventional
active repeater device. In some embodiments, the disclosed active
repeater device has an ability to group a plurality of CPEs into
different groups, which significantly increases its transmission
range by concurrent multi-beam transmission with the different
groups of CPEs. In the following description, reference is made to
the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which
is shown, by way of illustration, various embodiments of the
present disclosure.
FIG. 1A is a network environment diagram that illustrates an
exemplary active repeater device in communication with a plurality
of base stations and a plurality of customer premises equipment, in
accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. With
reference to FIG. 1A, there is shown a network environment 100 that
may include an active repeater device 102, a plurality of base
stations 104 and a plurality of customer premises equipment (CPEs)
106A to 106J. The plurality of base stations 104 may be located at
a certain distance from each CPE of the plurality of CPEs 106A to
106J. The plurality of base stations 104 may comprise a first base
station 104A, a second base station 104B, and a third base station
104C. The plurality of base station 104 may be associated with a
plurality of different service providers.
The active repeater device 102 may be installed at a defined
location and may be stationary. There is also shown a
signal-obstructing physical object 108 that may partially block or
impair a plurality of beams 110 (such as a first beam 110A, a
second beam 110B, a third beam 110C, and a fourth beam 110D) of
output RF signals communicated between the active repeater device
102 and the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J.
The plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J may be grouped into a plurality
of groups of CPEs 112 (such as a first group of CPEs 112A, a second
group of CPEs 112B, a third group of CPEs 112C, and a fourth group
of CPEs 112D). The plurality of base stations 104 may be configured
to transmit a plurality of beams 114 of input RF signals to the
active repeater device 102. In certain scenarios, the active
repeater device 102 may be positioned in a vicinity of a signal
obstructing object, such as a tall building which may partially
block the path of the plurality of beams 114 of input RF signals.
The active repeater device 102 may be realized by various
components, such as transmitter front-ends, receiver front-ends, a
plurality of low-noise amplifiers, a plurality of phase shifters, a
plurality of power combiners, a plurality of power dividers, and a
plurality of power amplifiers, logical control units, controllers
and mixers.
Each of the plurality of base stations 104, for example, an Evolved
Node B (eNB) or gNB, may be a fixed point of communication that may
relay information, in form of the plurality of beams 110 of RF
signals, to and from communication devices, such as the active
repeater device 102 and the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J.
Multiple base stations corresponding to multiple service providers,
may be geographically positioned to cover specific geographical
areas. Typically, bandwidth requirements serve as a guideline for a
location of the plurality of base stations 104 based on relative
distance between the plurality of base stations 104 and the
plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J. The count of base stations may be
dependent on population density and geographic irregularities, such
as buildings and mountain ranges, which may interfere with the
plurality of beams 110 of output RF signals.
Each of the plurality of base stations 104 may be configured to
transmit the plurality of beams 114 of input RF signals to the
active repeater device 102. In one example, each of the plurality
of beams 114 of input RF signals may have a first beam pattern,
such as a narrow beam, may be received by the active repeater
device 102. Each of the plurality of base stations 104 may be
configured to generate the narrow beams of the input RF signals to
achieve a high transmission range so that the narrow beam of the
input RF signals reaches the known location of the active repeater
device 102. Since the active repeater device 102 may be stationary
at the defined location, each of the plurality of base stations 104
may not need to track location of the active repeater device 102
periodically or constantly.
Each of the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J may correspond to a
telecommunication hardware that may be used by an end-user to
communicate. Alternatively stated, each of the plurality of CPEs
106A to 106J may refer to a combination of mobile equipment and
subscriber identity module (SIM). Each of the plurality of CPEs
106A to 106J may be configured to communicate with the active
repeater device 102 by use of RF signals. Examples of the plurality
of CPEs 106A to 106J may include, but are not limited to a wireless
modem, a home router, a cable or satellite television set-top box,
a VoIP base station, or any other customized hardware for
telecommunication. The active repeater device 102 may be deployed
between the plurality of base stations 104 (e.g. an eNB) and the
plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J to mitigate lack of line-of-sight
(LOS) between the plurality of base stations 104 and the plurality
of CPEs 106A to 106J.
In operation, the active repeater device 102 may be configured to
receive the plurality of beams 114 of input RF signals having a
first beam pattern. The plurality of beams 114 of input RF signals
may be received by the active repeater device 102 from the
plurality of base stations 104. Each of the plurality of beams 114
of input RF signals may correspond to a narrow beam such as a
pencil beam which may cover a first geographical area. Since the
active repeater device 102 and the plurality of base stations 104
may be stationary, each of the plurality of base stations 104 may
be configured to direct the narrow beam to the active repeater
device 102 at the known location of the active repeater device
102.
The plurality of base stations 104 may be associated with a
plurality of different service providers. The active repeater
device 102 may be configured to serve the plurality of different
service providers. Therefore, cost of implementation of the active
repeater device 102 may be borne collectively by the plurality of
different service providers. A conventional active repeater device
may only serve a single service provider. Cost of installation of
the conventional active repeater device may be borne by the single
service provider which may be served by the conventional active
repeater device. Hence, use of the active repeater device 102 may
be more cost efficient in comparison with use of the conventional
active repeater device.
The active repeater device 102 may be configured to receive the
plurality of beams 114 of input RF signals via a first antenna
array comprising a first set of antenna elements. In certain
scenarios, the active repeater device 102 may be configured to
receive the plurality of beams 114 of input RF signals from another
active repeater device which may be a part of a non-line-of-sight
(NLOS) transmission path. The NLOS transmission path may be between
each of the plurality of base stations 104 and the plurality of
CPEs 106A to 106J. The active repeater device 102 exhibits a
demodulator-less architecture to avoid introduction of latency
through the active repeater device 102. As a result of the
demodulator-less architecture, the plurality of beams 110 of output
RF signals may be transmitted by one or more antenna arrays of the
active repeater device 102 to the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J
without demodulation of the data portion of the received plurality
of beams 114 of input RF signals to minimize the latency for
transmission of the plurality of beams 110 of output RF signals
while maintaining a final error vector magnitude (EVM) target at
end destination point (i.e. the plurality of CPEs 106A to
106J).
The active repeater device 102 may comprise a digital modem
circuitry, for example, an embedded 5G modem. The digital modem
circuitry may utilize the received plurality of beams 114 of input
RF signals for control and monitoring operations, such as
configuring and monitoring beamforming functions. Conventional
active repeaters are simply digital signal amplifiers, which may
decode both the header portion and the data portion for
amplification, which adds to latency in communication. However, the
active repeater device 102 does not process (i.e., demodulate) data
stream in the received signal intended for end destination (i.e.
the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J). The data stream may also be
referred to as the data portion of the received first beam of input
RF signals. Only the header portion of the received signal may be
decoded by the active repeater device 102 to extract control
information.
The data stream may also be referred to as the data portion of the
received plurality of beams 114 of input RF signals. For example,
some subcarriers in the waveform of a received signal (i.e. the
received plurality of beams 114 of input RF signals) may be
dedicated for active repeater device 102 internal consumption,
while the rest of subcarriers are assigned to other end users (i.e.
the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J). In this case, the digital
modem circuitry selectively decodes only the subcarriers assigned
for the consumption of the active repeater device 102 and the full
received RF signal is still relayed towards the destination without
demodulation of full waveform to achieve near-zero-latency while
maintaining a final error vector magnitude (EVM) target at end
destination point (i.e. the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J) without
relying on demodulation or re-modulation at an intermediate point,
such as the deployment location of the active repeater device 102,
for boosting EVM. Although this sets a higher limit on
signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) quality for signal propagation through
the active repeater device 102, the active repeater device 102
still achieves target final RX SNR (i.e. signal quality at the
plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J is greater than a defined threshold
SNR, for example, .about.22 dB) as a result of the modular
architecture of the active repeater device 102. Further, a
conventional baseband unit (BBU) is voluminous, and is typically
placed in an equipment room in mobile telecommunications systems
and connected with remote radio head unit (RRU), via optical fiber.
In contrast, a baseband signal processor of the primary sector of
the active repeater device 102 may be implemented as the baseband
signal processor card or chip, which is smaller in size and
consumes less power in comparison with the conventional BBU. Thus,
the baseband signal processor of the primary sector may also be
referred to as a light baseband unit (LBU) or a simplified baseband
unit (BBU) that may be smaller in size as compared to a
conventional BBU.
The plurality of beams 114 of input RF signals may include one or
more full-bandwidth signals intended for the plurality of CPEs 106A
to 106J. For example, the plurality of beams 114 of input RF
signals may comprise input RF signals intended for each of the
plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J. The plurality of beams 114 of the
input RF signals may further comprise a different input RF signals
intended for different corresponding CPEs of the plurality of CPEs
106A to 106J. For example, the plurality of beams 114 of the input
RF signals may comprise a first input RF signal intended for the
first CPE 106A.
In accordance with an embodiment, the active repeater device 102
may be configured to receive a plurality of RF signals from each of
the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J. The active repeater device 102
may be configured to measure Received Signal Strength Indicator
(RSSI) associated with each of the plurality of RF signals received
from the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J. The active repeater device
102 may be configured to estimate a location of each of the
plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J with respect to the active repeater
device 102.
In accordance with an embodiment, the active repeater device 102
may be configured to estimate a distance of each of the plurality
of CPEs 106A to 106J based on the measured RSSI. The active
repeater device 102 may not be required to constantly or too
frequently, (such as less than a specified time period) to measure
the RSSI associated with each of the plurality of RF signals
received from the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J. The measured RSSI
associated with the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J, in combination
with the location or a distance of each of the plurality of CPEs
106A to 106J may be also referred to as one or more signal
parameters associated with the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J.
In accordance with an embodiment, the active repeater device 102
may be configured to classify the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J
into the plurality of groups of CPEs 112 based on the one or more
signal parameters. The active repeater device 102 may be configured
to classify the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J into the plurality
of groups of CPEs 112 based on location or distance of the
plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J. In cases where locations of a first
number of CPEs of the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J, are within
vicinity of each other, the active repeater device 102 may be
configured to classify and group the first number of CPEs together.
For example, the active repeater device 102 may be configured to
classify the first CPE 106A and the second CPE 106B into the first
group of CPEs 112A of the plurality of groups of CPEs 112. The
active repeater device 102 may be configured to classify the third
CPE 106C, the fourth CPE 106D, and the fifth CPE 106E together into
the second group of CPEs 112B. The active repeater device 102 may
be configured to classify the sixth CPE 106F and the seventh CPE
106G into the third group of CPEs 112C of the plurality of groups
of CPEs 112. The active repeater device 102 may be configured to
classify the eighth CPE 106H, the ninth CPE 106I and the tenth CPE
106J as the fourth group of CPEs 112D of the plurality of groups of
CPEs 112. The measured RSSI associated with the plurality of CPEs
106A to 106J, in combination with the location or a distance of
each of the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J may also be referred to
as the one or more signal parameters associated with the plurality
of groups of CPEs 112.
In accordance with an embodiment, the active repeater device 102
may be configured to store a database comprising a plurality of
beam settings. Each of the plurality of beam settings may
correspond to a different beam profile of the plurality of beams
110 of output RF signals which may be generated by a second antenna
array of a second RH unit of the active repeater device 102. Each
of the plurality of beam settings comprises a set of beamforming
coefficients. The active repeater device 102 may be configured to
assign a different beam setting from the plurality of beam settings
to each of the plurality of groups of CPEs 112. The active repeater
device 102 may be configured to assign the different beam setting
based on the one or more signal parameters associated with the
plurality of groups of CPEs 112. The active repeater device 102 may
be configured to assign a first set of beam settings (comprising a
first beam setting, a second beam setting, a third beam setting,
and a fourth beam setting) of the plurality of beam settings to the
plurality of groups of CPEs 112.
In accordance with an embodiment, the active repeater device 102
may be configured to generate output RF signals based on the
plurality of beams 114 of input RF signals. Further, the active
repeater device 102 may be configured to generate the plurality of
beams 110 of output RF signals, based on the assignment of the
first set of beam settings to the plurality of groups of CPEs 112.
The generated plurality of beams 110 of output RF signals may
comprise a first beam 110A of output RF signals, a second beam 110B
of output RF signals, a third beam 110C of output RF signals, and a
fourth beam 110D of output RF signals. The first beam 110A, the
second beam 110B, the third beam 110C and the fourth beam 110D of
output RF signals may be generated based on the first beam setting,
the second beam setting, the third beam setting and the fourth beam
setting respectively. One or more second antenna arrays of the
plurality of second antenna arrays may be configured to
concurrently transmit the plurality of beams 110 of output RF
signals to the plurality of groups of CPEs 112. The one or more
second antenna arrays may be configured to concurrently transmit
the plurality of beams 110 of output RF signals based on the
assigned different beam settings to each group of the plurality of
groups of CPEs 112.
In other embodiments, the active repeater device 102 may be
configured to transmit the plurality of beams 110 of output RF
signals during a plurality of available timeslots of a particular
transmission time period. The active repeater device 102 may be
configured to assign a different set of beam settings (such as the
first set of beam settings) to the plurality of groups of CPEs 112
for each of the plurality of available timeslots. The active
repeater device 102 may be configured to transmit the plurality of
beams 110 of output RF signals based on the assignment of the
different sets of beam settings to the plurality of groups of CPEs
112 for the plurality of available timeslots. For example, at a
first timeslot "Ts1" of the plurality of available timeslots, the
one or more second antenna arrays may be configured to transmit the
plurality of beams 110 of output signals based on the first set of
beam settings. Similarly, the one or more second antenna arrays may
be configured to transmit the plurality of beams 110 of output
signals at a second timeslot "Ts2", a third timeslot "Ts3", a
fourth timeslot "Ts4", and a fifth timeslot "Ts5", based on a
second set of beam settings, a third set of beam settings, a fourth
set of beam settings, and a fifth set of beam settings
respectively.
Each beam of the plurality of beams 110 of output RF signals may be
transmitted exclusively to a corresponding group of the plurality
of groups of CPEs 112. For example, the active repeater device 102
may be configured to transmit the first beam 110A to the first
group of CPEs 112A. Similarly, the active repeater device 102 may
be configured to transmit the second beam 110B, the third beam
110C, and the fourth beam 110D to the second group of CPEs 112B,
the third group of CPEs 112C and the fourth group of CPEs 112D
respectively. Unlike the active repeater device 102, a conventional
active repeater may transmit a single wide beam to communicate with
the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J. However, the single wide beam
used by the conventional active repeater device may be wider in
comparison with each of the plurality of beams 110 of output RF
signals transmitted to the plurality of groups of CPEs 112. A
person with ordinary skill in art may understand that wide beams of
RF signals have lesser transmission range than narrow beams of RF
signals. Hence, each of the plurality of beams 110 of output RF
signals may have a transmission range which may be larger in
comparison with transmission range of the single wide beam
transmitted by the conventional active repeater device. Hence, the
active repeater device 102 may have larger transmission range in
comparison to the conventional active repeater device.
In accordance with an embodiment, each beam of the plurality of
beams 110 of output RF signals may be transmitted exclusively to a
corresponding group of the plurality of groups of CPEs 112 based on
an association of a corresponding group CPEs with a service
provider.
In accordance with one embodiment, the active repeater device 102
may comprise a cascading receiver chain comprising a first set of
power dividers, a first set of phase shifters, a first set of low
noise amplifiers, and the first antenna array. The active repeater
device 102 may comprise a cascading transmitter chain comprising a
first set of power combiners, a second set of phase shifters, a
first set of power amplifiers, and the second antenna array. The
first antenna array may comprise a first set of antenna elements.
The second antenna array may comprise a second set of antenna
elements. The active repeater device 102 may be configured to
partition the second set of antenna elements of the second antenna
array into a plurality of spatially separated antenna
sub-arrays.
In accordance with an embodiment, the second antenna array may be
configured to generate a first set of beams of output RF signals
based on the partition. Each of the plurality of spatially
separated antenna sub-arrays may generate one or more beams of the
first set of beams. Further, each beam of the plurality of beams
110 may be generated by super-position of the first set of beams of
output RF signals with each other. In accordance with an
embodiment, a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) based
communication may be established between the plurality of base
stations 104 and the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J by the active
repeater device 102. The active repeater device 102 may establish
the MIMO communication in a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) transmission
path based on the receipt of the plurality of beams 114 of input RF
signals having the first beam pattern from the plurality of base
stations 104. Further, the active repeater device 102 may be
configured to establish the MIMO communication based on
transmission of the plurality of beams 110 of output RF signals to
the plurality of groups of CPEs 112.
FIG. 1B is a graph that illustrates a timing profile of resource
block utilization of an exemplary active repeater device to
facilitate communication with multiple CPEs, in accordance with an
exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. With reference to FIG. 1B,
there is shown a graph 100B which depicts resource block allocation
to each group of the plurality of groups of CPEs 112 in frequency
domain, with respect to the plurality of timeslots (such as the
first timeslot "Ts1", the second timeslot "Ts2", the third timeslot
"Ts3", the fourth timeslot "Ts4" and the fifth timeslot "Ts5") in
the transmission time period, as discussed in FIG. 1. A progress of
time may be represented by the "X" axis of the first graph 100B, as
shown. Frequency spectrum corresponding to a plurality of resource
blocks allocated to each of the plurality of groups of CPEs 112 at
different timeslots (such as the first timeslot "Ts1", the second
timeslot "Ts2", the third timeslot "Ts3", the fourth timeslot "Ts4"
and the fifth timeslot "Ts5") may be represented by the "Y" axis of
the first graph 100B.
The active repeater device 102 may be configured to allocate one or
more of a first set of resource blocks to the plurality of groups
of CPEs 112, at the first timeslot "Ts1" (frequency spectrum
allocated to the plurality of groups of CPEs 112 as the first set
of resource blocks is represented as graph component 116A). The
active repeater device 102 may be configured to allocate one or
more of a second set of resource blocks to the plurality of groups
of CPEs 112, at the second timeslot "Ts2" (frequency spectrum
allocated to the plurality of groups of CPEs 106 as the second set
of resource blocks is represented as graph component 116B). The
active repeater device 102 may be configured to allocate one or
more of a third set of resource blocks to the plurality of groups
of CPEs 112, at the third timeslot "Ts3" (frequency spectrum
allocated to the plurality of groups of CPEs 112 as the third set
of resource blocks is represented as graph component 116C). The
active repeater device 102 may be configured to allocate one or
more of a fourth set of resource blocks to the plurality of groups
of CPEs 112, at the fourth timeslot "Ts1" (frequency spectrum
allocated to the plurality of groups of CPEs 112 as the fourth set
of resource blocks is represented as graph component 116D). The
active repeater device 102 may be configured to allocate one or
more of a fifth set of resource blocks to the plurality of groups
of CPEs 112, at the fifth timeslot "Ts5" (frequency spectrum
allocated to the plurality of groups of CPEs 112 as the fifth set
of resource blocks is represented as graph component 116E).
FIG. 1C is a second graph that illustrates a timing profile of
beams of an exemplary active repeater device, in accordance with an
exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. With reference to FIG. 1C,
there is shown a graph 100C which depicts beam allocation to each
group of the plurality of groups of CPEs 112, with respect to the
plurality of timeslots (such as the first timeslot "Ts1", the
second timeslot "Ts2", the third timeslot "Ts3", the fourth
timeslot "Ts4" and the fifth timeslot "Ts5") in the transmission
time period as discussed in FIG. 1A.
Time may be represented by the "X" axis of the second graph 100C,
as shown. Beams allocated to each of the plurality of groups of
CPEs 112 may be represented by the "Y" axis of the graph 100C. In
accordance with an embodiment, the active repeater device 102 may
be configured to transmit the plurality of beams 110 of output RF
signals to the plurality of groups of CPEs 112 based on the first
set of beam settings during the first timeslot "Ts1" (as
represented by graph component 118A). Similarly, the active
repeater device 102 may be configured to transmit the plurality of
beams 110 of output RF signals to the plurality of groups of CPEs
112 based on the second set of beam settings during the second
timeslot "Ts2" (as represented by graph component 118B). The active
repeater device 102 may be configured to transmit the plurality of
beams 110 of output RF signals to the plurality of groups of CPEs
112 based on the third set of beam settings during the third
timeslot "Ts3" (as represented by graph component 118C). The active
repeater device 102 may be configured to transmit the plurality of
beams 110 of output RF signals to the plurality of groups of CPEs
112 based on the fourth set of beam settings during the fourth
timeslot "Ts4" (as represented by graph component 118D). The active
repeater device 102 may be configured to transmit the plurality of
beams 110 of output RF signals to the plurality of groups of CPEs
112 based on the fifth set of beam settings during the fifth
timeslot "Ts5" (as represented by graph component 118E).
FIG. 2A is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary one-sector
active repeater device, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment
of the disclosure. FIG. 2A is explained in conjunction with
elements from FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C. With reference to FIG. 2A,
there is shown a one-sector active repeater device that includes a
primary sector 202 of the active repeater device 102. The primary
sector 202 of the active repeater device 102 comprises a first
radio head (RH) unit 204 and a baseband signal processor 206.
In some embodiments, the first RH unit 204 may be implemented in
the active repeater device 102 as a radio head (RH) card.
Similarly, the baseband signal processor 206 may be implemented in
the active repeater device 102 as a baseband signal processor card.
Other examples of implementations of the RH card and the baseband
signal processor card may include, but is not limited to an
integrated circuit using a single or separate printed circuit
boards (PCBs) as substrates, a radio frequency integrated chip
(RFIC) and a system on a chip (SoC) device. The first RH unit 204
and the baseband signal processor 206 may be housed within the
primary sector 202 of the active repeater device 102. The first RH
unit 204 and the baseband signal processor 206 may be
communicatively coupled with each other via a wired or wireless
communication medium. The first RH unit 204 and the baseband signal
processor 206 may communicate control signals and analog baseband
signals with each other.
The baseband signal processor 206 of the primary sector 202 of the
active repeater device 102 does not process (i.e., demodulate) data
stream in the received signal intended for end destination (i.e.
the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J). The data stream may also be
referred to as the data portion of the received plurality of beams
114 of input RF signals. The baseband signal processor 206 may
decode only the header portion of the received plurality of beams
114 to extract control information. Conventional active repeaters
are simply digital signal amplifiers, which may decode both the
header portion and the data portion for amplification, which adds
to latency in communication. Further, a conventional baseband unit
(BBU) is voluminous, and is typically placed in an equipment room
in mobile telecommunications systems and connected with remote
radio head unit (RRU), via optical fiber.
In contrast, the baseband signal processor 206 of the primary
sector 202 of the active repeater device 102 may be implemented as
the baseband signal processor card or chip, which is smaller in
size and consumes less power in comparison with the conventional
BBU. Thus, the baseband signal processor 206 may also be referred
to as a light baseband unit (LBU) or a simplified baseband unit
(BBU) that may be smaller in size as compared to a conventional
BBU. The baseband signal processor 206 may thus be housed in the
primary sector 202 of the active repeater device 102, as shown.
The active repeater device 102 has a modular architecture that
includes the primary sector 202, which includes the baseband signal
processor 206 and the first RH unit 204. A first antenna array in
the first RH unit 204 may be configured to receive a first beam of
input RF signals. Thereafter, the first RH unit 204 may be
configured to generate a first set of analog baseband signals based
on the received first beam of input RF signals. The baseband signal
processor 206 may be configured to convert the first set of analog
baseband signals received from the first RH unit 204 to a first set
of coded data signals.
A digital modem circuitry in the baseband signal processor may be
configured to extract control information from the first set of
coded data signals by decoding only the header portion of the first
set of coded data signals without demodulation of data portion of
the first set of coded data signals. Further, the active repeater
device 102 may include one or more secondary sectors (such as
secondary sectors 208 and 212). Each of the one or more secondary
sectors may be communicatively coupled to the primary sector 202
and includes a second RH unit (such as the RH unit 210 and
214).
The second RH unit may be configured to transmit the first set of
coded data signals as one or more beams of output RF signals by one
or more second antenna arrays of the one or more secondary sectors
to the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J), based on the extracted
control information from the first set of coded data signals. The
one or more beams of output RF signals may be transmitted without
demodulation of the data portion of the first set of coded data
signals within the active repeater device 102 to reduce latency for
transmission of the first set of coded data signals. Thus, the
baseband signal processor 206 of the primary sector 202 of the
active repeater device 102 does not process (i.e., demodulate) data
stream in the received signal intended for end destination (i.e.
the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J) to reduce latency in
communication to the end destination without compromise in signal
quality. For example, a target final Rx SNR may be achieved (i.e.
signal quality at the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J may be greater
than a defined threshold SNR, for example, .about.22 dB).
FIG. 2B is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary two-sector
active repeater device, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment
of the disclosure. FIG. 2B is explained in conjunction with
elements from FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, and 2A. With reference to FIG. 2B,
there is shown a two-sector active repeater device that includes
the primary sector 202 of the active repeater device 102 (of FIG.
2A) and a secondary sector 208. The secondary sector 208 may
include a second RH unit 210. The second RH unit 210 may be similar
to the first RH unit 204. The secondary sector 208 may be
communicatively coupled with the primary sector 202 via one or more
signal cables (e.g. a control signal cable and two baseband (IQ)
signal cables).
FIG. 2C is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary three-sector
active repeater device, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment
of the disclosure. FIG. 2C is explained in conjunction with
elements from FIGS. 1, 2A, and 2B. With reference to FIG. 2C, there
is shown a three-sector active repeater device that includes an
additional secondary sector, such as a secondary sector 212,
connected to the two-sector active repeater device of FIG. 2B. The
secondary sector 212 may include a second RH unit 214 similar to
the second RH unit 210. The secondary sector 212 may be
communicatively coupled to the primary sector 202 via the one or
more signal cables. As a result of this modular architecture, the
active repeater device 102 may be upgradable or re-configurable to
at least one of a base station (gNB), a small cell access point, or
a remote radio head (RRH). The active repeater device 102 may be
upgraded by replacing the baseband signal processor 206 with a
suitable baseband unit (BBU) known in the art. The baseband signal
processor 206 of the primary sector 202 may be configured to
support multi-band millimeter wave (mm Wave) spectrum and sub-30
GHz spectrum concomitantly.
The baseband signal processor 206 of the primary sector 202 of the
active repeater device 102 does not process (i.e., demodulate) data
stream in the received signal intended for end destination (i.e.
the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J). The data stream may also be
referred to as the data portion of the received first beam of input
RF signals. The baseband signal processor 206 may decode the header
portion of the received signal to extract control information. The
baseband signal processor 206 may decode the header portion of the
received signal to further extract scheduling information
associated with a TDMA wireless signal transmission scheme.
Conventional active repeaters are simply digital signal amplifiers,
which may decode both the header portion and the data portion for
amplification, which adds to latency in communication. Further, a
conventional baseband unit (BBU), is typically placed in an
equipment room in mobile telecommunications systems and connected
with remote radio head unit (RRU), via optical fiber. The baseband
signal processor 206 of the primary sector 202 of the active
repeater device 102 may be implemented as the baseband signal
processor card, which is smaller in size and consumes less power in
comparison with the conventional BBU.
FIG. 3 depict circuit diagrams illustrating various components of
an exemplary radio head unit in the active repeater device to
facilitate communication between multiple service providers and
CPEs, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.
FIG. 3 is explained in conjunction with elements from FIGS. 1A, 1B,
1C, 2A, 2B, and 2C. With reference to FIG. 3, there is shown a
radio head (RH) unit 302. The RH unit 302 may be one of the first
RH unit 204, the second RH unit 210, the second RH unit 214 or any
other radio head units in the active repeater device 102. The RH
unit 302 comprises a receiver (Rx) phased array 338 and a
transmitter (TX) phased array 340. The Rx phased array 338 may
include a cascading receiver chain 334 comprising a first antenna
array 304, a first set of low noise amplifiers (LNA) 306, a first
set of phase shifters 308, and a first set of power combiners 310.
The Tx phased array 340 may include a cascading transmitter chain
336 comprising a first set of power dividers 326, a first set of
phase shifters 328, a first set of power amplifiers (PA) 330, and a
second antenna array 332. There are is also shown a first power
combiner 312, a first mixer 318, a second mixer 320, a first phase
locked loop (PLL) 314, a second PLL 316, a first controller 322,
and a first power divider 324 in the RH unit 302.
In accordance with an embodiment, the first antenna array 304 may
be configured to receive the plurality of beams 114 of input RF
signals from the plurality of base stations 104. The plurality of
base stations 104 may be associated with a plurality of different
service providers. The active repeater device 102 may be configured
to serve the plurality of service providers. Therefore, cost of
implementation of the active repeater device 102 may be borne
collectively by the plurality of service providers. A conventional
active repeater device may only serve a single service provider.
Cost of installation of the conventional active repeater device may
be borne by the single service provider which may be served by the
conventional active repeater device. Hence, use of the active
repeater device 102 may be more economical in comparison with use
of the conventional active repeater device.
The first antenna array 304 may comprise a first set of antenna
elements. The first antenna array 304 may be configured to receive
the plurality of beams 114 of input RF signals using the first set
of antenna elements. The plurality of beams 114 of input RF signals
may include one or more full-bandwidth signals intended for the
plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J. Examples of implementations of the
first antenna array 304 may include, but is not limited to a linear
phased array antenna, a planar phased array antenna, a frequency
scanning phased array antenna, and a dynamic phased array antenna.
The plurality of antenna elements in the first antenna array 304
may be communicatively coupled to one or more LNAs in the first set
of LNAs 306.
The first set of LNAs 306 may be configured to amplify input RF
signals received at the first antenna array 304. The first set of
LNAs 306 may be configured to amplify input RF signals, which may
have low-power, without significantly degrading corresponding
signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio. Each of the first set of LNAs 306 may
be communicatively coupled to phase shifters in the first set of
phase shifters 308. The first set of phase shifters 308 may perform
an adjustment in phase values of the input RF signals, till
combined signal strength value of the received input RF signals, is
maximized. In one example, the first set of phase shifters 308 may
perform an adjustment in the phase value till each of the received
input RF signals are in-phase with each other. Phase shifters in
the first set of phase shifters 308 may be communicatively coupled
to power combiners, such as a 4:1 power combiner, in the first set
of power combiners 310. Further, each of the first set of power
combiners 310 may be coupled to the first power combiner 312.
Each of the first set of power combiners 310 may be configured to
combine each of the phase shifted input RF signals into a first set
of RF signals. The first set of power combiners 310 may be
configured to transmit the first set of RF signals to the first
power combiner 312. The first power combiner 312 may be configured
to combine the first set of RF signals to a first RF signal. The
first power combiner 312 and the first set of power combiners 310
may comprise both active and passive combiners. Examples of
implementation of the first power combiner 312 and the first set of
power combiners 310 may include, but is not limited to resistive
power combiners, and solid-state power combiners. The first power
combiner 312 may be further configured to communicate the first RF
signal to the first mixer 318.
The first mixer 318 may be configured to down convert the first RF
signal to an output analogue baseband (IQ) signal. The first mixer
318 may be configured to down convert the first RF signal with a
first frequency to the baseband signal based on mixing of a second
frequency generated by a local oscillator with the first RF signal.
The first mixer 318 may be communicatively coupled with the first
PLL 314. The first PLL 314 in combination with the first mixer 318
may be configured to down convert the first Signal into an analog
baseband quadrature (IQ) output signal. The first mixer 318 may be
configured to communicate the IQ output signal to the baseband
signal processor 206 via a first IQ signal cable.
The second mixer 320 may be configured to receive an analog
baseband (IQ) input signal from the baseband signal processor 206
via the second IQ signal cable. Further, the second mixer 320 and
the second PLL 316 may be configured to up convert the received IQ
input signal to a second RF signal. The second mixer 320 may be
configured to up convert the IQ input signal to the second RF
signal based on mixing of a third frequency generated by a local
oscillator with the IQ input signal. The second mixer 320 may be
communicatively coupled to the first power divider 324. Further,
each of the first set of power dividers 326 may be communicatively
coupled to the first power divider 324. The combination of the
second mixer 320 and the second PLL 316 may be configured to
transmit the second RF signal to the first power divider 324.
The first controller 322 may be communicatively coupled to the
baseband signal processor 206 via a control signal cable. The first
controller 322 may be configured to receive one or more control
signals from the baseband signal processor 206. The first
controller 322 may be configured to adjust one or more parameters
(e.g., amplifier gains, and phase responses) associated with the
receiver (Rx) phased array 338 and the transmitter (Tx) phased
array 340 based on the received one or more control signals. In one
example, the first controller 322 may be configured to adjust
amplifier gains of each of the first set of LNAs 306 and the first
set of PAs 330 in the active repeater device 102. In another
example, the first controller 322 may be configured to control each
of the first set of phase shifters 308 and the second set of phase
shifters 328, based on the received control signal.
Further, the first controller 322 may be configured to receive
beamforming coefficients from the baseband signal processor 206.
The first controller 322, in association with the first set of
phase shifters 308 and the first antenna array 304 may be
configured to receive the plurality of beams 114 of input RF
signals based on the received beamforming coefficients. The first
controller 322 in association with the second set of phase shifters
328 and the second antenna array 332 may be configured to generate
each beam of the plurality of beams 110 of output RF signals in the
second antenna array 332 based on the received beamforming
coefficients. In accordance with an embodiment, the first
controller 322 may be configured to adjust phase shifts of a
plurality of output RF signals using the second set of phase
shifters 328 to generate each beam of the plurality of beams 110 of
the output RF signals, based on the received control signal from
the baseband signal processor 206 (FIG. 4).
In other embodiments, the first controller 322 may be configured to
assign a different beam setting of a plurality of beam settings to
each of the plurality of groups of CPEs 112. The first controller
322 may be configured to assign a first set of beam settings
(comprising a first beam setting, a second beam setting, a third
beam setting, and a fourth beam setting) of the plurality of beam
settings to the plurality of groups of CPEs 112.
The first power divider 324 may be configured to split the second
RF signal received from the second mixer 320. In one example, the
first power divider 324 may comprise one or more input differential
pair and two cascode pairs that may split output current into two
or more branches. In another example, the first power divider 324
may further compensate for RF signal loss to achieve an efficient
RF power transfer. In another example, the first power divider 324
may be configured to split the second RF signal into a second set
of RF signals. The first power divider 324 may be configured to
communicate the second set of RF signals into the first set of
power dividers 326. The first set of power dividers 326 may be
configured to further split the second set of RF signals into a
plurality of RF signals. The first set of power dividers 326 may be
communicatively coupled to the second set of phase shifters
328.
The second set of phase shifters 328 may be configured to receive
the plurality of RF signals from the first set of power dividers
326. The second set of phase shifters 328 may be configured to
perform a phase shift on each of the plurality of RF signals for
beam forming (e.g. synthesis of a wider beam) of the plurality of
RF signals based on beamforming coefficients received from the
baseband signal processor 206. The control information may be
received by the first controller 322 and processed in conjunction
with the second set of phase shifters 328. The second set of phase
shifters 328 may be configured to transmit the plurality of phase
shifted RF signals to the first set of PAs 330 The second set of
phase shifters 328 may be configured to transmit the plurality of
phase shifted RF signals to the first set of PAs 330.
The first set of PAs 330 may be configured to adjust an
amplification gain of each of the plurality of RF signals on which
phase shift has been performed by the second set of phase shifters
328. The amplification gain of each of the plurality of RF signals
may be adjusted based on the control signal received from the first
controller 322. The amplification gain of each of the plurality of
RF signals may be adjusted based on the control signal received
from the first controller 322. The first set of PAs 330 may be
configured to transmit the plurality of RF signals to the second
antenna array 332.
In accordance with an embodiment, the second antenna array 332 may
be configured to transmit the plurality of beams 110 having a
second beam pattern of the plurality of output RF signals to the
plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J. In accordance with an embodiment,
the second antenna array 332 may be a phased array antenna. The
second antenna array 332 may comprise a second set of antenna
elements. The second antenna array 332 may be configured to
transmit the plurality of output RF signals by use of the second
set of antenna elements. The second antenna array 332 may be
configured to relay the plurality of output RF signals to the
plurality of base stations 104 in the first beam pattern in the
uplink communication. Examples of implementations of the first
antenna array 304 may include, but is not limited to a linear
phased array antenna, a planar phased array antenna, a frequency
scanning phased array antenna, a dynamic phased array antenna, and
a passive phased array antenna.
In operation, the first antenna array 304 may be configured to
receive the plurality of beams 114 of input RF signals. In one
example, the first antenna array 304 may be configured to receive
the plurality of beams 114 of input RF signals from the plurality
of base stations 104. In one example, the active repeater device
102 may be configured to be activated when the first antenna array
304 receives the plurality of beams 114 of input RF signals from
the plurality of base stations 104 (or another active repeater
device 102). In such a case, the second antenna array 332 of the TX
phased array 340 may transmit the plurality of beams 110 of one or
more output RF signals based on the received input RF signals, to
the plurality of groups of CPEs 112.
The first set of LNAs 306 in the RH unit 302 may be configured to
adjust a first amplification gain of each of the received input RF
signals. The first set of phase shifters 308 may be configured to
perform a first phase shift on each of the input RF signals with
the adjusted first amplification gain. It may be noted that the
first amplification gain of the first set of LNAs 306 may be
adjusted by the first controller 322 based on the received control
signal from the baseband signal processor 206. Similarly, the first
phase shifts of input RF signals may be adjusted by the first
controller 322 using the first set of phase shifters 308 based on
the received control signal from the baseband signal processor 206.
In accordance with an embodiment, the first set of power combiners
310, and the first power combiner 312 in combination, may be
configured to combine the input RF signals to generate the first RF
signal. The first RF signal may be down converted by the
combination of the first mixer 318 and the first PLL 314 to an IQ
output signal. The IQ output signal may be communicated by the
combination of the first mixer 318 and the first PLL 314 to the
baseband signal processor 206 via an IQ signal cable.
In accordance with an embodiment, the second mixer 320 may be
configured to receive the IQ input signal from the baseband signal
processor 206 via a second IQ signal cable. In accordance with an
embodiment, the IQ input signal may be up converted by the
combination of the second mixer 320 and the second PLL 316 to a
second RF signal. The first power divider 324 may be configured to
split the second RF signal into a second set of RF signals. The
first set of power dividers 326 may be configured to further split
the second set of RF signals into one or more output RF signals. In
accordance with an embodiment, the second set of phase shifters 328
may be configured to adjust phase values of each of the output RF
signals. Furthermore, the first set of PAs 330 may be configured to
adjust an amplification gain of each of the output RF signals on
which phase shift has been performed by the second set of phase
shifters 328.
The second antenna array 332 may be configured to generate the
plurality of beams 110 of output RF signals, based on the adjusted
phase shifts and the adjusted amplification gains of each of the
output RF signals. The generated plurality of beams 110 of output
RF signals may comprise the first beam 110A of output RF signals,
the second beam 110B of output RF signals, the third beam 110C of
output RF signals, and the fourth beam 110D of output RF
signals.
The second antenna array 332 may be configured to concurrently
transmit the plurality of beams 110 of output RF signals to the
plurality of groups of CPEs 112. The full-bandwidth signal received
from the plurality of base stations 104 may be re-transmitted
concurrently to the plurality of groups of CPEs 112 over the
plurality of beams 110 of output RF signals. The second antenna
array 332 may be configured to concurrently transmit the plurality
of beams 110 based on the assigned different beam setting to each
of the plurality of groups of CPEs 112.
Each beam of the plurality of beams 110 of output RF signals may be
transmitted exclusively to a corresponding group of the plurality
of groups of CPEs 112. For example, the active repeater device 102
may be configured to transmit the first beam 110A to the first
group of CPEs 112A. Similarly, the active repeater device 102 may
be configured to transmit the second beam 110B, the third beam
110C, and the fourth beam 110D to the second group of CPEs 112B,
the third group of CPEs 112C and the fourth group of CPEs 112D
respectively. Unlike the active repeater device 102, a conventional
active repeater may transmit a single wide beam to communicate with
the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J. However, the single wide beam
used by the conventional active repeater device may be wider in
comparison with each of the plurality of beams 110 of output RF
signals transmitted to the plurality of groups of CPEs 112. A
person with ordinary skill in art may understand that wide beams of
RF signals have lesser transmission range than narrow beams of RF
signals. Hence, each of the plurality of beams 110 of output RF
signals may have a transmission range which may be larger in
comparison with a transmission range of the single wide beam
transmitted by the conventional active repeater device. Hence, the
active repeater device 102 may have larger transmission range in
comparison to the conventional active repeater device.
In accordance with an embodiment, the active repeater device 102
may function in a phase-only excitation beamforming mode. In the
phase-only excitation beamforming mode, the generation of each of
the plurality of beams 110 by the second antenna array 332 may be
based on the adjustment of the phase shifts of the output RF
signals using the second set of phase shifters 328 by the first
controller 322. The first controller 322 may be configured to
generate each of the plurality of beams 110 of output RF signals
independent of amplitude tapering of the second antenna array 332.
The active repeater device 102 may be configured to generate each
of the plurality of beams 110 of output RF signals exclusively
based on adjusting phase shifts of output RF signals using the
second set of phase shifters 328 and independent of changes in
amplitude of the RF output signals. The first controller 322 may be
configured to adjust the phase shifts based on a quadratic phase
distribution scheme.
In accordance with an embodiment, the active repeater device 102
may function in a superposition mode. In the superposition mode,
the first controller 322 may be configured to partition the second
set of antenna elements of the second antenna array 332 into a
plurality of spatially separated antenna sub-arrays. The second
antenna array 332 may be configured to generate a first set of
beams of output RF signals based on the partition. Each of the
plurality of spatially separated antenna sub-arrays may generate
one or more of the first set of beams. Each beam of the plurality
of beams 110 of output RF signals may be generated by
super-position of the first set of beams of output RF signals with
each other.
In accordance with an exemplary aspect, the active repeater device
102 may be configured to transmit the plurality of beams 110 of
output RF signals during a plurality of available timeslots of a
particular transmission time period. In such cases, the first
controller 322 may be configured to assign a different set of beam
settings (such as the first set of beam settings) to the plurality
of groups of CPEs 112 for each of the plurality of available
timeslots. The second antenna array 332 may be configured to
transmit the plurality of beams 110 of output RF signals based on
the assignment of the different sets of beam settings to the
plurality of groups of CPEs 112 for the plurality of available
timeslots. For example, at a first timeslot "Ts1" of the plurality
of available timeslots, the second antenna array 332 may be
configured to transmit the plurality of beams 110 of output signals
based on the first set of beam settings. Similarly, the second
antenna array 332 may be configured to transmit the plurality of
beams 110 of output RF signals at a second timeslot "Ts2", a third
timeslot "Ts3", a fourth timeslot "Ts4", and a fifth timeslot
"Ts5", based on a second set of beam settings, a third set of beam
settings, a fourth set of beam settings, and a fifth set of beam
settings, respectively.
FIG. 4 depicts a block diagram illustrating various components of
an exemplary baseband signal processor in the active repeater
device to facilitate communication between multiple service
providers and customer premises equipment (CPEs), in accordance
with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. FIG. 4 is explained
in conjunction with elements from FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 2A, 2B, 2C, and
3. With reference to FIG. 4, there is shown the baseband signal
processor 206.
The baseband signal processor 206 comprises a first set of analog
to digital converters (ADC) 402, a second controller 404, a memory
406, a transmitter receiver control sector-sector routing
multiplexer logic control unit (hereafter referred to as Logical
control unit 408 (LCU)), a channel-select filter bank 410, a
digital modem circuitry 412, and a first set of digital to analog
circuitry (DAC) 414. In some embodiments, the baseband signal
processor 206 may also include a Long Term Evolution (LTE) modem
416. In some embodiments, the baseband signal processor 206 may not
include the LTE modem 416. In accordance with an embodiment, the
second controller 404 may be a digital signal processor. In
accordance with an embodiment, the memory 406 may store code and
logic which may correspond to a plurality of digital filters, a
plurality of signal processing algorithms, a plurality of signal
encoding algorithms, and a plurality of signal decoding algorithms.
Further, the channel select filter bank 410 may comprise a
plurality of channel select filters. The memory 406 may be
configured to store a database 418 comprising a plurality of beam
settings. Each of the plurality of beam settings comprises a set of
beamforming coefficients. Each of the plurality of beam settings
may correspond to a different beam profile of the plurality of
different beams transmitted by a second antenna array (e.g. the
second antenna array 332) in a second RH unit (such as the RH unit
302).
The baseband signal processor 206 may be communicatively coupled
with one or more RH units (referred to as a first set of RH units)
based on the implementation of the active repeater device 102 as
the one-, two-, or three-sector active repeater device as discussed
in FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 2C. An example of RH units in the first set of
RH units may include, but is not limited to the first RH unit 204,
the second RH unit 210, and the second RH unit 214. The baseband
signal processor 206 may be communicatively coupled to RH units in
the first set of RH units via one or more IQ signal cables and
control signal cables.
In operation, the baseband signal processor 206 may be configured
to receive a first set of IQ analog signals from the first set of
RH units. Each IQ signal of the first set of IQ signals may be
received by the baseband signal processor 206, from a corresponding
RH unit in the first set of RH units. Thereafter, the first set of
ADCs 402 may be configured to convert the first set of analog IQ
signals to the first set of coded data signals. Thus, in other
words, the first set of coded data signals may correspond to input
RF signals received from the plurality of base stations 104 and the
plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J. The digital modem circuitry 412 may
be configured to extract control information from the first set of
coded data signals. It has been mentioned that the first set of
coded data signal comprises a sequence of frames. The sequence of
frames may comprise data frames and control frames. The digital
modem circuitry 412 may be configured to demodulate header portions
of frames in the first set of coded data signals to extract the
control information, as discussed in FIG. 1.
In accordance with an embodiment, the second controller 404 may be
configured to analyze the extracted control information to
determine destination receivers for each of the first set of coded
data signals. The destination receivers may be receivers of RF
devices, to which the input RF signals associated with the first
set of coded data signals are intended to be transmitted from a
source transmitter. Examples of such RF devices may include, but is
not limited to the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J, the plurality of
base stations 104, and/or any other active repeater devices.
Further, the LCU 408 may be configured to assign each of the first
set of coded data signals to one or more of the first set of RH
units (the first RH unit 204, the second RH unit 210, and the
second RH unit 214) based on the determined destination receivers.
In accordance with an embodiment, the first set of DACs 414 may be
configured to convert the first set of coded data signals to a
second set of IQ analog signals. Each of the second set of IQ
analog signals may correspond to a coded data signal in the first
set of coded data signals. The baseband signal processor 206 may be
configured to transmit each of the second set of IQ analog signals
to one or more of the first set of RH units based on assignment of
the first set of coded data signals by the LCU 408.
In certain scenarios where the input RF signals are received from
the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J, a first set of coded data
signals may be generated similar to input RF signals received from
the plurality of base stations 104, as discussed. In such cases,
the second controller 404 in the baseband signal processor 206 may
be configured to measure a received signal strength indicator
(RSSI) of each of the first set of coded digital signals in digital
domain. The second controller 404 may be further configured to
filter the first set of coded data signals based on one or more
channel select filters in the channel-select filter bank 410. The
second controller 404 may be configured to suppress adjacent
channel signals in the first set of coded data signals by applying
the channel select filters on the first set of coded data signals.
By suppression of the adjacent channel signals in the first set of
coded data signals, the second controller 404 may be configured to
increase accuracy of the RSSI measurement in digital domain.
In accordance with an embodiment, the second controller 404 may be
configured to assign a different beam setting from the plurality of
beam settings stored in the memory 406 to each of the plurality of
groups of CPEs 112, based on one or more signal parameters (such as
the measured RSSI) associated with the plurality of groups of CPEs
112. The active repeater device 102 may be configured to assign a
first set of beam settings (comprising a first beam setting, a
second beam setting, a third beam setting, and a fourth beam
setting) to the plurality of groups of CPEs 112. For example, the
first beam setting, the second beam setting, the third beam
setting, and the fourth beam setting of the plurality of beam
settings, may be assigned to the first group of CPEs 112A, the
second group of CPEs 112B, the third group of CPEs 112C, and the
fourth group of CPEs 112D of the plurality of groups of CPEs 112
respectively.
In certain scenarios, the active repeater device 102 may be
configured to transmit the plurality of beams 110 of output RF
signals during a plurality of available timeslots of a particular
transmission time period. In such cases, the second controller 404
may be configured to assign a different set of beam settings (such
as the first set of beam settings) to the plurality of groups of
CPEs 112 for each of the plurality of available timeslots. The
active repeater device 102 may be configured to transmit the
plurality of beams 110 of output RF signals based on the assignment
of the different sets of beam settings to the plurality of groups
of CPEs 112 for the plurality of available timeslots. For example,
at a first timeslot "Ts1" of the plurality of available timeslots,
the active repeater device 102 may be configured to transmit the
plurality of beams 110 of output signals based on the first set of
beam settings. Similarly, the active repeater device 102 may be
configured to transmit the plurality of beams 110 of output signals
at a second timeslot "Ts2", a third timeslot "Ts3", a fourth
timeslot "Ts4", and a fifth timeslot "Ts5", based on a second set
of beam settings, a third set of beam settings, a fourth set of
beam settings, and a fifth set of beam settings respectively.
In accordance with an embodiment, the second controller 404 may
generate one or more control signals based on the extracted control
information and the measured RSSI. The control signals may be
further generated based on the assignment of the different beam
setting to each group of the plurality of groups of CPEs 112. The
second controller 404 may transmit the generated control signals to
one or more of the first set of RH units (the first RH unit 204,
the second RH unit 210, and the second RH unit 214). The one or
more control signals may be received by the first controller 322 in
an RH unit (such as the RH unit 302) in the first set of RH units
(the first RH unit 204, the second RH unit 210, and the second RH
unit 214). The first controller 322 may be configured to adjust
amplification gains of the first set of LNAs 306 of the Rx phased
array 338 based on the received one or more control signals from
the second controller 404. The second controller 404 may thereby,
adjust gain distribution within the Rx phased array 338 based on
the measured RSSI. Further, the first controller 322 may be
configured to adjust amplitude gains of the first set of PAs 330 in
the cascading transmitter chain 336, based on the received one or
more control signals from the second controller 404. Alternatively
stated, the second controller 404 in association with the first
controller 322 may adjust gain distribution within the cascading
receiver chain 334 based on the measured RSSI.
In accordance with an embodiment, the second controller 404 may
acquire beamforming coefficients which may correspond to the
plurality of beam setting stored in the memory 406. The second
controller 404 may transmit the acquired beamforming coefficients
to one or more of the first set of RH units (the first RH unit 204,
the second RH unit 210, and the second RH unit 214). The
beamforming coefficients may be received by the first controller
322 in an RH unit (such as the RH unit 302) in the first set of RH
units (the first RH unit 204, the second RH unit 210, and the
second RH unit 214). The first controller 322 in association with
the first set of phase shifters 308 and the first antenna array 304
may be configured to reconfigure the first antenna array 304 to
receive the plurality of beam 114 of input RF signals in the first
antenna array 304 based on the received beamforming
coefficients.
In accordance with an embodiment, the second antenna array 332 may
be configured to concurrently transmit the plurality of beams 110
of output RF signals to the plurality of groups of CPEs 112. The
full-bandwidth signal received from the plurality of base stations
104 may be re-transmitted concurrently to the plurality of groups
of CPEs 112 over the plurality of beams 110 of output RF
signals.
In accordance with an embodiment, the first controller 322 may be
configured to adjust phase shifts of a plurality of output RF
signals using the second set of phase shifters 328 to generate a
second beam of the plurality of output RF signals, based on the
received beamforming coefficients. In some embodiments, the second
controller 404 and the first controller 322 may be implemented as a
single controller.
In accordance with an embodiment, the LTE modem 416 may be
configured to perform one or more tasks such as configuring and
monitoring beamforming functions of the active repeater device 102.
The LTE modem 416 may be further configured to perform timing
synchronization and frequency synchronization with each of the
plurality of base stations 104 and the plurality of CPEs 106A to
106J.
FIG. 5A illustrates an exemplary antenna array in an exemplary
active repeater device for logical partitioning of antenna elements
to generate separate beams of output RF signals based on
superposition of antenna sub-arrays, in accordance with an
exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. FIG. 5A is explained in
conjunction with elements from FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 2A, 2B, 2C, 3, and
4. With reference to FIG. 5A, there is shown an antenna array 502
of the active repeater device 102. In one example, the antenna
array 502 may correspond to the second antenna array 332 (FIG.
3).
The antenna array 502 may comprise a set of antenna elements. The
first controller 322 may be configured to partition the set of
antenna elements of the antenna array 502 into a plurality of
spatially separated antenna sub-arrays 504A, 504B, 504C, and 504D.
The plurality of spatially separated antenna sub-arrays 504A, 504B,
504C, and 504D may comprise a first antenna sub-array 504A, a
second antenna sub-array 504B, a third antenna sub-array 504C, and
a fourth antenna sub-array 504D. In one example, the antenna array
502 may comprise 256 antenna elements and has 16 rows and 16
columns. Each of the plurality of spatially separated antenna
sub-arrays 504A, 504B, 504C, and 504D comprises 64 elements each.
The antenna array 502 may be configured to generate a first set of
beams of output RF signals based on the partition. Each of the
first set of beams may be generated by a corresponding antenna sub
array of the plurality of spatially separated antenna sub-arrays
504. Further, each beam of the plurality of beams 110 of output RF
signals may be generated by super-position of the first set of
beams of output RF signals with each other. Generation of the each
beam of the plurality of beams 110 of output RF signals has been
explained in detail, for example, in FIG. 5B and FIG. 5C.
FIG. 5B is a first graph illustrating effective isotropic radiated
power (EIRP) of an exemplary antenna array in an exemplary active
repeater device to facilitate communication with multiple CPEs, in
accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. FIG. 5B
is explained in conjunction with elements from FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C,
2A, 2B, 2C, 3, 4, and 5A. With reference to FIG. 5B, there is shown
a first graph which depicts EIRP of the antenna array 502 with
respect to azimuth angle of the antenna array 502 of FIG. 5A.
The azimuth angle with respect to a horizontal plane of the antenna
array 502 may be represented by the "X" axis of the first graph as
shown. The EIRP may be represented by the "Y" axis of the first
graph as shown. In certain scenarios, the antenna array 502 may be
configured to generate a narrow beam (as represented by graph
component 506). In other scenarios, the first controller 322 may be
configured to partition the antenna array 502 into the plurality of
spatially separated antenna sub-arrays 504A, 504B, 504C, and 504D.
The antenna array 502 may be configured to generate the first set
of beams 508A, 508B, 508C, and 508D based on the partition. The
first antenna sub-array 504A (FIG. 5A) may be configured to
generate a beam (EIRP of the generated beam is represented by graph
component 508A) of the first set of beams. Similarly, the second
antenna sub-array 504B, the third antenna sub-array 504C, and the
fourth antenna sub-array 504D may be configured to generate
respective beams (EIRP of the respective beams are represented by
graph components 508B, 508C, and 508D respectively) of the first
set of beams.
FIG. 5C is a second graph illustrating effective isotropic radiated
power (EIRP) of an exemplary antenna array in an exemplary active
repeater device to facilitate communication between multiple
service providers and customer premises equipment (CPEs), in
accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. The
first set of beams (represented by graph components 508A, 508B,
508C, and 508D (FIG. 5B)) may superpose with each other to generate
each beam of the plurality of beams 110 (as represented by graph
component 510) of output RF signals.
FIG. 5D illustrates an exemplary antenna array in an exemplary
active repeater device to facilitate communication with multiple
CPEs, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.
FIG. 5D is explained in conjunction with elements from FIGS. 1A,
1B, 1C, 2A, 2B, 2C, 3, 4, 5A, 5B, and 5C. With reference to FIG.
5D, there is shown the antenna array 502 of the active repeater
device 102. The antenna array 502 may comprise a plurality of
antenna elements 512. Each of the plurality of antenna elements 512
may be coupled with the second set of phase shifters 328 (of FIG.
3). The first controller 322 may be configured to adjust phase
shifts of output RF signals using the second set of phase shifters
328 to generate each beam of the plurality of beams 110 of output
RF signals, based on a predefined criterion. The generation of each
beam of the plurality of beams 110 by the second antenna array 332
is based on the adjustment of the phase shifts of the output RF
signals using the second set of phase shifters 328 independent of
changes in amplitude of the output RF signals.
FIG. 6A illustrates a first exemplary scenario for implementation
of the active repeater device, in accordance with an embodiment of
the disclosure. FIG. 6A is explained in conjunction with elements
from FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 2A, 2B, 2C, 3, 4, and 5A to 5D. The active
repeater device 102 may comprise one or more sectors, such as a
primary sector 602, and one or more secondary sectors 604, 606, and
608. The primary sector 602 may correspond to the primary sector
202. The one or more secondary sectors 604, 606, and 608 may
correspond to the secondary sectors 208 and 212. (FIGS. 2B and
2C).
The primary sector 602 and each of the one or more secondary
sectors 604, 606, and 608, after installation at a defined location
(e.g. around a post or pillar), may be configured to cover a
portion of a 360-degree scan range for communication among the
plurality of base stations 104, the plurality of groups of CPEs
112, or another repeater device. The active repeater device 102 may
receive the plurality of beams 114 of input RF signals having a
first beam pattern 610 from the plurality of base stations 104 (as
discussed in FIG. 1). Each of the plurality of beams 114 of input
RF signals may be a narrow beam or a pencil-beam. The plurality of
beams 114 of input RF signals includes a full-bandwidth signal
intended for the plurality of groups of CPEs 112 (as discussed in
FIG. 1).
The plurality of base stations 104 may be associated with a
plurality of different service providers. The active repeater
device 102 may be shareable by the plurality of different service
providers in a cost-effective manner in comparison with use of the
conventional active repeater device.
The second controller 404 of the baseband signal processor 206 may
be configured to assign a different beam setting from the plurality
of beam settings to each of the plurality of groups of CPEs 112,
based on one or more signal parameters associated with the
plurality of groups of CPEs 112. Each of the one or more secondary
sectors 604, 606, and 608 may be communicatively coupled to the
primary sector 602. The one or more secondary sectors 604, 606, and
608 may be configured to generate the plurality of beams 110 of
output RF signals based on the received input RF signals (as
discussed in FIG. 1). The one or more secondary sectors 604, 606,
and 608 may be configured to concurrently transmit the plurality of
beams 110 of output RF signals to the plurality of groups of CPEs
112 based on the assigned different beam setting to each of the
plurality of groups of CPEs 112, and the received plurality of
beams 114 of input RF signals from the plurality of base stations
104. The full-bandwidth signal received from the plurality of base
stations 104 may be re-transmitted concurrently to the plurality of
groups of CPEs 112 over the plurality of beams 110 of output RF
signals. Each of the plurality of beams 110 may have a second beam
pattern 612.
Each beam of the plurality of beams 110 of output RF signals may be
transmitted exclusively to a corresponding group of the plurality
of groups of CPEs 112. For example, the active repeater device 102
may be configured to transmit the first beam 110A to the first
group of CPEs 112A. Similarly, the active repeater device 102 may
be configured to transmit the second beam 110B, the third beam
110C, and the fourth beam 110D to the second group of CPEs 112B,
the third group of CPEs 112C and the fourth group of CPEs 112D
respectively. Unlike the active repeater device 102, a conventional
active repeater may transmit a single wide beam to communicate with
the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J. However, the single wide beam
used by the conventional active repeater device may be wider in
comparison with each of the plurality of beams 110 of output RF
signals transmitted to the plurality of groups of CPEs 112. A
person with ordinary skill in art may understand that wide beams of
RF signals have lesser transmission range than narrow beams of RF
signals. Hence, each of the plurality of beams 110 of output RF
signals may have a transmission range which may be larger in
comparison with a transmission range of the single wide beam
transmitted by the conventional active repeater device. Hence, the
active repeater device 102 may have larger transmission range in
comparison to the conventional active repeater device.
FIG. 6B illustrates a second exemplary scenario for implementation
of the active repeater device, in accordance with an embodiment of
the disclosure. FIG. 6B is explained in conjunction with elements
from FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 2A, 2B, 2C, 3, 4, 5A to 5D, and 6A. The
active repeater device 102 may comprise a plurality of first
antenna arrays (e.g. the first antenna array 304 in FIG. 3) and a
plurality of second antenna arrays (e.g. the second antenna array
332 in FIG. 3) in primary sector 602 and the one or more secondary
sectors (such as the secondary sector 604, the secondary sector
606, and the secondary sector 608). The plurality of first antenna
arrays in the one or more secondary sectors 604, 606, and 608 may
be configured to receive different input RF signals from the
plurality of groups of CPEs 112 through different beam patterns and
distances in an uplink communication, as shown. The received
different input RF signals from the plurality of groups of CPEs 112
may be superimposed by the primary sector 602. The primary sector
602 (e.g. the second antenna array 332 in the primary sector 602)
may be configured to transmit the received different input RF
signals to the plurality of base stations 104 in the uplink
communication as two streams, one each for one base station, i.e.,
one stream for the first base station 104a and another stream for
the second base station 104b, in the first beam pattern 610 to
achieve higher transmission range between the plurality of base
stations 104 and the active repeater device 102. The single stream
may include full frequency channel that corresponds to the
different input RF signals received from the plurality of groups of
CPEs 112.
FIG. 7 depicts an exemplary scenario for implementation of an
exemplary network of active repeater devices to facilitate
communication between multiple service providers and CPEs, in
accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. FIG. 7
is explained in conjunction with elements from FIGS. 1A to 1C, 2A
to 2C, 3, 4 5A to 5D, 6A, and 6B. With reference to FIG. 7, there
is shown the exemplary scenario 700 comprising a plurality of
active repeater devices 702, 704, and 706, a plurality of base
stations 708A, 708B, 708C, and 708D, and a plurality of CPEs 710A,
710B, 710C, 710D, 710E, and 710F.
Each of the plurality of active repeater devices 702, 704, and 706
may correspond to the active repeater device 102 (FIG. 1). The
plurality of base stations 708A, 708B, 708C, and 708D may
correspond to the plurality of base stations 104 (FIG. 1). The
plurality of CPEs 710A, 710B, 710C, 710D, 710E, and 710F may
correspond to the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J (FIG. 1). The
plurality of active repeater devices 702, 704, and 706 may comprise
a first active repeater device 702, a second active repeater device
704, and a third active repeater device 706. The plurality of base
stations 708A, 708B, 708C, and 708D may comprise a first base
station 708A, a second base station 708B, a third base station
708C, and a fourth base station 708D. The plurality of CPEs 710A,
710B, 710C, 710D, 710E, and 710F may comprise a first CPE 710A, a
second CPE 710B, a third CPE 710C, a fourth CPE 710D, a fifth CPE
710E, and a sixth CPE 710E.
In accordance with an embodiment, the plurality of active repeater
devices 702, 704, and 706 may be communicatively coupled with each
other via one or more beamformed radio frequency (RF) links 712A
and 712B. For example, the first active repeater device 702 may
communicate with the second active repeater device 704 via a first
beamformed link 712A. Similarly, the second active repeater device
704 may communicate with the third active repeater device 706 via a
second beamformed link 712B.
In some embodiments, the plurality of active repeater devices 702,
704, and 706 may be interconnected with each other in accordance
with various wireless communication protocols. Examples of such
wired and wireless communication protocols may include, but are not
limited to, at least one of a Transmission Control Protocol and
Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), IEEE 802.11 protocol, multi-hop
communication, various cellular communication protocols, or a
combination or variants thereof. In accordance with an embodiment,
the first active repeater device 702 concurrently provides coverage
to the second active repeater device 704 and the first CPE 710A and
the second CPE 710B. The second active repeater device 704
concurrently provides coverage to the third active repeater device
706, the third CPE 710C and the fourth CPE 710D. The plurality of
active repeater devices 702, 704, and 706 which are communicatively
coupled to each other, may be collectively referred to as a network
of active repeater devices 714.
In accordance with an embodiment, each active repeater device (e.g.
the active repeater device 102 (FIG. 1)) of the network of active
repeater devices 714 may comprise a first antenna array (e.g. the
first antenna array 304 (FIG. 3)). The first antenna array may be
configured to concurrently receive a plurality of beams 716A, 716B,
716C, and 716D of input RF signals from the plurality of base
stations 708A, 708B, 708C, and 708D. The plurality of beams 716A,
716B, 716C, and 716D of input RF signals may correspond to the
plurality of beams 114 of input RF signals (FIG. 1).
The plurality of base stations 708A, 708B, 708C, and 708D may be
associated with a plurality of different service providers. The
active repeater device 102 may be configured to serve the plurality
of different service providers. The first antenna array of the may
receive the plurality of beams 716A, 716B, 716C, and 716D of input
RF signals from the plurality of base stations 708A, 708B, 708C,
and 708D via the network of active repeater devices 714. The
plurality of beams 716A, 716B, 716C, and 716D of input RF signals
may comprise a first beam 716A of input RF signals (from the first
base station 708A), a second beam 716B of input RF signals (from
the second base station 708B), a third beam 716C of input RF
signals (from the third base station 708C), and a fourth beam 716D
of input RF signals (from the fourth base station 708D).
In the exemplary scenario, one or more of the plurality of base
stations 708A, 708B, 708C, and 708D may be outside of a
transmission range of one or more of the plurality of active
repeater devices 702, 704, and 706. In certain scenarios, the
plurality of base stations 708A, 708B, 708C, and 708D may be
outside of a transmission range of the second active repeater 704.
In such scenarios, the second active repeater 704 may receive the
plurality of beams 716A, 716B, 716C, and 716D via the first active
repeater device 702 and the third active repeater device 706 of the
network of active repeater devices 714.
The second active repeater device 704 may receive the first beam
716A of input RF signals from the first base station 708A via the
first active repeater device 702. For example, the first active
repeater device 702 may receive the first beam 716A of input RF
signals from the first base station 708A. The first active repeater
device 702 may further re-transmit the first beam 716A of input RF
signals to the second active repeater 704 via the first beam formed
link 712A. Similarly, the second active repeater device 704, may
receive the fourth beam 716D of input RF signals via the third
active repeater device 706. The third active repeater device 706
may receive the fourth beam 716D from the fourth base station 708D.
The third active repeater device 706 may further re-transmit the
fourth beam 716D of input RF signals to the second active repeater
704 via the second beam formed link 712D. Similarly, each active
repeater device of the network of active repeater devices 714 may
be configured to receive the plurality of beams 716A, 716B, 716C,
and 716D from the plurality of base stations 708A, 708B, 708C, and
708D via the network of active repeater devices 714.
In accordance with an embodiment, each active repeater device (e.g.
the active repeater device 102 (FIG. 1)) of the network of active
repeater devices 714 may comprise a second antenna array (e.g. the
second antenna array 332 (FIG. 3)). The second antenna array of
each of the plurality of active repeater devices 702, 704, and 706
may be configured to concurrently transmit a plurality of beams
718A, 718B, and 718C of output RF signals to the plurality of CPEs
710A, 710B, 710C, 710D, 710E, and 710F via the network of active
repeater devices 714. The plurality of beams 718A, 718B, and 718C
of output RF signals may correspond to the plurality of beams 110
of output RF signals. The plurality of beams 718A, 718B, and 718C
of output RF signals may comprise a first beam 718A of output RF
signals, a second beam 718B of output RF signals, and a third beam
718C of output RF signals. The first active repeater device 702 may
be configured to transmit the first beam 718A of output RF signals
to the first CPE 710A and the second CPE 710B. The second active
repeater device 704 may be configured to transmit the second beam
718B of output RF signals to the third CPE 710C and the fourth CPE
710D. The third active repeater device 706 may be configured to
transmit the third beam 718C of output RF signals to the fifth CPE
710E and the sixth CPE 710F.
In the exemplary scenario, one or more of the plurality of CPEs
710A, 710B, 710C, 710D, 710E, and 710F may be outside of a
transmission range of one or more of the plurality of active
repeater devices 702, 704, and 706. For example, the first CPE 710A
may be outside of a transmission range of the third active repeater
device 706. In such scenarios, the third active repeater device 706
may be configured to transmit one or more of the plurality of beams
716A, 716B, 716C, and 716D of input RF signals to the first CPE
710A via the second active repeater device 704 and the first active
repeater device 702.
The third active repeater device 706 may receive the fourth beam
716D of input RF signals from the fourth base station 708D. The
third active repeater device 706 may retransmit the fourth beam
716D of input RF signals to the second active repeater device 704
via the second beam formed link 712B. The second active repeater
device 704 may retransmit the fourth beam 716D of input RF signals
to the first active repeater device 702 via the first beam formed
link 712A. The first active repeater device 702 may be configured
to generate the first beam 718A of output RF signals based on the
received fourth beam 716D of input RF signals. The first active
repeater device 702 may be configured to transmit the first beam
718A of output RF signals to the first CPE 710A. Hence, the third
active repeater device 706 may be configured to communicate with
the first CPE 710A via the network of active repeater devices 714.
Similarly, each active repeater device of the network of active
repeater devices 714 may be configured to communicate with the
plurality of CPEs 710A, 710B, 710C, 710D, 710E, and 710F via the
network of active repeater devices 714.
FIGS. 8A and 8B, collectively, depict a flow chart that illustrates
an exemplary method of operating an active repeater device, in
accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. With reference to
FIG. 8A, there is shown a flow chart 800. The flow chart 800 is
described in conjunction with FIGS. 1A to 1B, 1C, 2A to 2C, 3, 4,
5A to 5D, 6A, 6B, and 7. Referring to FIG. 8A, there is shown a
flow chart 800 comprising exemplary operations 802 through 838.
At 802, a first plurality of beams of input RF signals (e.g. the
plurality of beams of input RF signals 114 (FIG. 1)) may be
received by a first antenna array (e.g. the first antenna array
304) in the first RH unit 204 of the primary sector 202. In certain
scenarios, the first plurality of beams of input RF signals having
the first beam pattern 610 may be received from the plurality of
base stations 104. The plurality of base stations 104 may be
associated with a plurality of different service providers. The
first plurality of beams of input RF signals may include a
full-bandwidth signal intended for the plurality of CPEs 106A to
106J. One or more operations 804 and 806 may be executed
concurrently to one or more operations 808 and 810, as shown.
Therefore, the control may pass concurrently to 804 and 808.
At 804, the first set of analog baseband (IQ) signals may be
generated based on the received first plurality of beams of input
RF signals. The first RH unit 204 in the primary sector 202 may be
configured to generate the first set of IQ signals. The first RH
unit 204 may down convert the input RF signals to generate the
first set of IQ signals. The first set of IQ signals may be
received by the baseband signal processor 206 in the primary sector
202. The first set of IQ signals received from the first RH unit
204 may be converted to a first set of coded data signals by the
baseband signal processor 206. The baseband signal processor 206
unit may be configured to convert the first set of coded data
signals to the second set of IQ signals using the first set of DACs
414.
At 806, one or more output RF signals may be generated based on the
first set of IQ signals. The one or more output RF signals may be
generated by a second RH unit (such as the second RH unit 210 and
the second RH unit 214). The second RH unit 210 may be configured
to up convert the second set of IQ signals to generate the one or
more output RF signals.
At 808, one or more RF signals may be received by the active
repeater device 102 from the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J. The
active repeater device 102 may be configured to receive different
input RF signals from the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J through
different beam patterns and distances.
At 810, RSSI of the one or more RF signals received from each of
the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J may be measured. The RSSI may be
measured in the digital domain. The baseband signal processor 206
may be configured to measure the RSSI in digital domain using the
second controller 404. Further, the second controller 404 may be
configured to detect a location of each of the plurality of CPEs
106A to 106J based on the measured RSSI.
At 812, the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J may be grouped into the
plurality of groups of CPEs 112 based on one or more signal
parameters associated with the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J. The
second controller 404 may be configured to classify the plurality
of CPEs 106A to 106J into the plurality of groups of CPEs 112 based
on the measured RSSI of the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J. In
other embodiments, the second controller 404 may be configured to
classify the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J into the plurality of
groups of CPEs 112 based on location of the plurality of CPEs 106A
to 106J. For example, the active repeater device 102 may be
configured to classify the first CPE 106A and the second CPE 106B
into the first group of CPEs 112A of the plurality of groups of
CPEs 112. In some embodiments, the grouping or the classification
is based on an association (a subscription or registration) of a
CPE with a particular service provider. Thus, the CPEs that belong
to a particular service provider may be grouped together. The
measured RSSI associated with the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J,
in combination with the location or a distance of each of the
plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J may be also referred to as the one
or more signal parameters associated with the plurality of groups
of CPEs 112.
At 814, a different beam setting from the plurality of beam
settings may be assigned to each of the plurality of groups of CPEs
112, based on the one or more signal parameters associated with the
plurality of groups of CPEs 112. Each of the plurality of beam
settings may correspond to a different beam profile of the
plurality of beams 110 of output RF signals. Each of the plurality
of beam settings comprises a set of beamforming coefficients. In
accordance with an embodiment, the active repeater device 102 may
be configured to assign a first set of beam settings (comprising a
first beam setting, a second beam setting, a third beam setting,
and a fourth beam setting) to the plurality of groups of CPEs 112.
For example, the first beam setting, the second beam setting, the
third beam setting, and the fourth beam setting of the plurality of
beam settings, may be assigned to the first group of CPEs 112A, the
second groups of CPEs 112B, the third group of CPEs 112C, and the
fourth group of CPEs 1112D of the plurality of groups of CPEs 112
respectively. The active repeater device 102 may be configured to
assign the first set of beam settings to the plurality of groups of
CPEs 112 for a first timeslot "Ts1" of a plurality of available
timeslots in a transmission time period of a time division multiple
access (TDMA) scheme. Similarly, the active repeater device 102 may
be configured to assign a second set of beam settings, a third set
of beam settings, and a fourth set of beam settings to the
plurality of groups of CPEs 112 for a second timeslot "Ts2", a
third timeslot "Ts3", and a fourth timeslot "Ts4" respectively.
At 816, beamforming coefficients may be generated based on the
plurality of beam settings. The second controller 404 in the
baseband signal processor 206 may be configured to generate the
beamforming coefficients based on the detected location of each of
the plurality of CPEs 106. In other embodiments, the second
controller 404 may be configured to acquire the beamforming
coefficients from the memory 406 of the baseband signal processor
206 based on the plurality of beam settings.
At 818, it may be determined whether a beamforming mode of the
active repeater device 102 is a superposition mode. The beamforming
mode of the active repeater device 102 may be checked by the second
controller 404. In cases where the beamforming mode is the
superposition mode, the control passes to step 820. In cases where
the beamforming mode is a phase-only excitation mode, the control
passes to step 826.
At 820, the second set of antenna elements of the second antenna
array 332 may be partitioned into a plurality of spatially
separated antenna sub-arrays. The second controller 404 of the
baseband signal processor 206 may partition the second antenna
array 332 into the plurality of spatially separated antenna
sub-arrays. In one example, the second set of antenna elements may
comprise 256 elements. Further, each of the plurality of spatially
separated antenna sub-arrays may comprise 64 elements each. An
example of the partitioning is shown in FIG. 5A.
At 822, the first set of beams of RF output signals may be
generated based on the partition. The second antenna array (e.g.
the second antenna array 332) of the first RH unit 204, the second
RH unit 210 or the second RH unit 214 may be configured to generate
the first set of beams of RF output signals. Each of the first set
of beams may be generated by a corresponding antenna sub-array in
the plurality of spatially separated antenna sub-arrays. An example
of the first set of beams of RF output signals by partitioning is
shown in FIG. 5B.
At 824, each beam of the plurality of beams 110 of output RF
signals may be generated based on superposition of the first set of
beams of RF output signals. Each beam of the plurality of beams 110
of output RF signals may have the second beam pattern 612. An
example of the generation of the second beam pattern 612 by
superposition of the first set of beams of RF output signals is
shown and described in FIGS. 5A and 6A.
At 826, phase shifts of the output RF signals may be adjusted. A
first controller (e.g., the first controller 322) of the first RH
unit 204, the second RH unit 210 or the second RH unit 214 may be
configured to adjust phase shifts of the output RF signals using
the second set of phase shifters (e.g. the second set of phase
shifters 328) of the second RH unit 210 or the second RH unit 214.
In certain scenarios, phase shifts of output RF signals may be
adjusted based on a quadratic phase distribution scheme. Further,
the phase shifts of the output RF signals may be adjusted based on
the generated beamforming coefficients.
At 828, each beam of the plurality of beams 110 of output RF
signals may be generated based on the adjustment of phase shifts of
the output RF signals. The second antenna array (e.g. the second
antenna array 332) in the one or more secondary sectors (such as
the secondary sector 208, 212, 604, 606, or 608) may be configured
to generate the second beam pattern 612. The second beam pattern
612 may be generated by the cascading transmitter chain (e.g. the
cascading transmitter chain 336) in the one or more secondary
sectors (such as the secondary sector 208, and the secondary sector
212).
At 830, each beam of the plurality of beams 110 of the output RF
signals may be transmitted to the plurality of groups of CPEs 112
based on the assigned different beam setting and received plurality
of beams of input RF signals from the plurality of base stations.
The second antenna array (e.g. the second antenna array 332) in the
one or more secondary sectors (such as the secondary sector 208,
and the secondary sector 212) may be configured to generate each
beam of the plurality of beams 110 in the second beam pattern 612
based on the generated beamforming coefficients and the received
plurality of beams 114 of input RF signals. The full-bandwidth
signal received from the plurality of base stations 104 may be
re-transmitted concurrently to the plurality of groups of CPEs over
the plurality of beams of output RF signals.
At 832, different input RF signals from the plurality of groups of
CPE 112 may be received by through different beam patterns and
distances. The first antenna array (e.g. the first antenna array
304) in the primary sector 202 and the one or more secondary
sectors (such as the secondary sector 208, and the secondary sector
212) may be configured to receive different input RF signals from
the plurality of groups of CPEs 112. An example of receipt of
different input RF signals from the plurality of groups of CPEs 112
through different beam patterns and distances, is shown in FIG.
6A.
At 834, the received different input RF signals from the plurality
of groups of CPEs 112 may be superimposed. The received different
input RF signals may be superimposed as a single stream, one stream
each for one base station. The primary sector 202 may be configured
to superimpose the received different input RF signals as the
single stream having the first beam pattern 610 for uplink
transmission. The single stream may include full frequency channel
that corresponds to the different input RF signals received from
the plurality of groups of CPEs 112.
At 836, the superimposed input RF signals may be transmitted to the
plurality of base station 104 in an uplink communication as a
single stream in the first beam pattern 610. In this regard, the
superimposed input RF signals may be transmitted to the plurality
of base station 104 in an uplink communication as a single stream
in the first beam pattern 610 by the second antenna array (e.g. the
second antenna array 332) in the primary sector 202. An example of
transmission of the superimposed input RF signals to the plurality
of base station 104 in an uplink communication in the first beam
pattern 610 by the second antenna array (e.g. the second antenna
array 332) in the primary sector 202, is shown in FIG. 6B.
At 838, a MIMO based communication may be established between the
plurality of base stations 104 and the plurality of groups of CPEs
112 in an NLOS transmission path. The active repeater device 102
may be configured to establish the MIMO based communication. The
MIMO based communication may be established based on the receipt of
the first beam of input RF signals having the first beam pattern
610 from the base station 104 and transmission of each beam of
plurality of beams 110 of output RF signals in the second beam
pattern to the plurality of CPEs 106.
FIGS. 9A and 9B, collectively, depict a flow chart that illustrates
exemplary operations in an exemplary active repeater device, in
accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. With reference to
FIGS. 9A and 9B, there is shown a flow chart 900. The flow chart
900 is described in conjunction with FIGS. 1A to 1B, 1C, 2A to 2C,
3, 4, 5A to 5D, 6A, 6B, and 7. The flow chart 800 comprises
exemplary operations 902 through 922.
At 902, a first beam of input RF signals from a first base station
(e.g., the first base station 104A operated by a first service
provider and a second beam of input RF signals from a second base
station (e.g., the second base station 104B) operated by a second
service provider, may be received. The first antenna array 304 of
the first RH unit 204 of the primary sector 202 may be configured
to receive the first beam of input RF signals from the first base
station 104A operated by the first service provider and the second
beam of input RF signals from the second base station 104B operated
by the second service provider.
At 904, one or more RF signals may be received from plurality of
CPEs 106A to 106J. The active repeater device 102 may be configured
to receive different input RF signals from the plurality of CPEs
106A to 106J through different beam patterns and distances.
At 906, RSSI of the one or more RF signals received from each of
the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J may be measured. The baseband
signal processor 206 may be configured to measure the RSSI in
digital domain using the second controller 404.
At 908, a distance from the active repeater device 102 to the
plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J may be determined. The second
controller 404 may be configured to detect a location of each of
the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J based on the measured RSSI, and
accordingly determine corresponding distances from the active
repeater device 102 to each of the plurality of CPEs 106A to
106J.
At 910, the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J may be grouped into the
first group of CPEs 112A and the second group of CPEs 112B of the
plurality of groups of CPEs 112, based on the measured RSSI and an
association of each CPE of the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J, with
either the first service provider or the second service provider.
In some cases, one CPE may be associated with both the first
service provider or the second service provider. The second
controller 404 may be configured to classify the plurality of CPEs
106A to 106J into the plurality of groups of CPEs 112 based on the
measured RSSI of the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J, and
association with corresponding service provider.
At 912, a first beam setting from a plurality of beam settings may
be assigned to the first group of CPEs 112A and a second beam
setting from the plurality of beam settings may be assigned to the
second group of CPEs 112B of the plurality of groups of CPEs 112,
based on one or more corresponding signal parameters associated
with the first group of CPEs 112A and the second group of CPEs 112B
and the grouping. The first beam setting may be different from the
second beam setting.
At 914, it may be determined whether the distance of the plurality
of CPEs 106A to 106J from the active repeater device 102 is greater
than a maximum transmission range of the active repeater device. In
cases where the distance of the plurality of CPEs or one or more
CPEs of the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J, is greater than the
maximum transmission range of the active repeater device 102, the
control passes to 916, or else to 918.
At 916, the first beam of output RF signals and the second beam of
output RF signals may be concurrently transmitted to the first
group of CPEs 112A and to the second group of CPEs 112B via a
network of other active repeater devices. One or both of the first
base station 104A and the second base station 104B and one or more
CPEs of the plurality of groups of CPEs 12 may be are located at a
distance greater than the maximum transmission range of the active
repeater device 102.
At 918, a dynamic switching may be executed between a concurrent
multi-beam mode (also simply referred to as concurrent mode) and a
multi-beam switching mode (also simply referred to as switching
mode) based on distances of the plurality of CPEs 106A to 106J from
the active repeater 102
At 920, for the concurrent multi-beam mode, a first beam of output
RF signals may be concurrently transmitted to the first group of
CPEs 112A associated with the first service provider and second
beam of output RF signals to the second group of CPEs 112B
associated with the second service provider based on the assigned
different beam setting to each group of the plurality of groups of
CPEs 112, the received first beam of input RF signals for the first
group of CPEs 112A, and the received second beam of input RF
signals for the second group of CPEs 112B. A second antenna array
of the second RH unit may be configured to execute the concurrent
transmission.
At 922, for the multi-beam switching mode, the first beam of output
RF signals and may be transmitted to the first group of CPEs 112A
and the second beam of output RF signals to the second group of
CPEs 112B respectively by switching the first beam of output RF
signals and the second beam of output RF signals based on assigned
different timeslot and the assigned different beam setting to the
first group of CPEs 112A and the second group of CPEs 112B. The
first full-bandwidth signal received from the first base station
104A is re-transmitted to the first group of CPEs 112A over the
first beam of output RF signals. Similarly, the second
full-bandwidth signal received from the second base station 104B is
re-transmitted to the second group of CPEs 112B over the second
beam of output RF signals.
Various embodiments of the disclosure may provide a non-transitory
computer-readable medium having stored thereon, computer
implemented instruction that when executed by one or more circuits'
causes an active repeater device to receive a first plurality of
beams of input RF signals from a plurality of base stations. A
different beam setting from a plurality of beam settings may be
assigned to each of a plurality of groups of CPEs, based on one or
more signal parameters associated with the plurality of groups of
CPEs. A second plurality of beams of output RF signals may be
transmitted to the plurality of groups of CPEs based on the
assigned different beam setting to each group of the plurality of
groups of CPEs and the received first plurality of beams of input
RF signals.
In accordance with an embodiment, the active repeater device 102
may include a primary sector that includes a baseband signal
processor and a first radio head (RH) unit. A first antenna array
of the first RH unit may be configured to receive a first beam of
input RF signals from a first base station operated by a first
service provider and a second beam of input RF signals from a
second base station operated by a second service provider. A
controller of the baseband signal processor may be configured to
assign a first beam setting from a plurality of beam settings to a
first group of customer premises equipment (CPEs) and a second beam
setting from the plurality of beam settings to a second group of
CPEs of a plurality of groups of CPEs, based on one or more
corresponding signal parameters associated with the first group of
CPEs and the second group of CPEs, wherein the first beam setting
is different than the second beam setting. The active repeater
device 102 may also include at least a secondary sector that is
communicatively coupled to the primary sector and includes a second
RH unit. A second antenna array of the second RH unit may be
configured to concurrently transmit a first beam of output RF
signals to the first group of CPEs associated with the first
service provider and a second beam of output RF signals to the
second group of CPEs associated with the second service provider,
based on the assigned different beam setting to each group of the
plurality of groups of CPEs, the received first beam of input RF
signals for the first group of CPEs, and the received second beam
of input RF signals for the second group of CPEs.
In accordance with an embodiment, the first antenna array may be
further configured to concurrently receive the first beam of input
RF signals and the second beam of input RF signals via a network of
other active repeater devices, where the second antenna array may
be further configured to concurrently transmit the first beam of
output RF signals to the first group of CPEs and the second beam of
output RF signals to the second group of CPEs via the network of
other active repeater devices. One or both of the first base
station and the second base station and one or more CPEs of the
plurality of groups of CPEs may be located at a distance greater
than a maximum transmission range of the active repeater
device.
In accordance with an embodiment, the one or more signal parameters
corresponds to received signal strength indicator (RSSI) associated
with the plurality of groups of CPEs that indicates a location or a
distance of each group of the plurality of groups of CPEs from the
active repeater device. The active repeater device 102 may also
include a plurality of second antenna arrays including the second
antenna array of the second RH unit, where the first beam of input
RF signals includes a first full-bandwidth signal intended for the
first group of CPEs. The second beam of input RF signals includes a
second full-bandwidth signal intended for the second group of CPEs.
The plurality of second antenna arrays are configured to transmit
the first beam of output RF signals to the first group of CPEs and
the second beam of output RF signals to the second group of CPEs by
switching the first beam of output RF signals and the second beam
of output RF signals based on assigned different timeslot and the
assigned different beam setting to the first group of CPEs and the
second group of CPEs,
In accordance with an embodiment, the first full-bandwidth signal
received from the first base station may be re-transmitted to the
first group of CPEs over the first beam of output RF signals, and
where the second full-bandwidth signal received from the second
base station is re-transmitted to the second group of CPEs over the
second beam of output RF signals. Each of the plurality of beam
settings correspond to a different beam profile of the plurality of
different beams transmitted by the second antenna array in the
second RH unit.
In accordance with an embodiment, the active repeater device may
also include a memory configured to store a database comprising the
plurality of beam settings, wherein each of the plurality of beam
settings comprises a set of beamforming coefficients. The first
antenna array may include a first set of antenna elements and the
second antenna array includes a second set of antenna elements,
where the controller may be further configured to partition the
second set of antenna elements of the second antenna array into a
plurality of spatially separated antenna sub-arrays. The second
antenna array may be configured to generate a plurality of beams of
output RF signals based on the partition, and wherein the first
beam of output RF signals is generated by super-position of a first
set of beams of output RF signals from the plurality of beams of
output RF signals with each other, and wherein the second beam of
output RF signals is generated by the super-position of a second
set of beams of output RF signals from the plurality of beams of
output RF signals with each other.
In accordance with an embodiment, the second RH unit further may
include a cascading transmitter chain that includes a second set of
power dividers, a second set of phase shifters, a second set of
power amplifiers, and the second antenna array that includes a
second set of antenna elements. The controller may be further
configured to adjust phase shifts of output RF signals using the
second set of phase shifters to generate the first beam of output
RF signals and the second beam of output RF signals, based on a
predefined criteria, wherein the first beam of output RF signals
and the second beam of output RF signals have a second beam pattern
generated based on the adjustment of the phase shifts of the output
RF signals using the second set of phase shifters independent of
changes in amplitude of the output RF signals. The second beam
pattern may be wider than a first beam pattern of the first beam of
input RF signals and the second beam of input RF signals.
In accordance with an embodiment, the controller may be further
configured to adjust phase shifts of output RF signals using the
second set of phase shifters to generate the first beam of output
RF signals and the second beam of output RF signals, based on a
quadratic phase distribution scheme. The primary sector and each of
one or more secondary sectors that includes the at least secondary
sector of the active repeater device, after installation at a
defined location, may be configured to cover a portion of a
360-degree scan range for communication among a plurality of base
stations including the first base station and the second base
station, the plurality of groups of CPEs, or another active
repeater device.
In accordance with an embodiment, the active repeater device 102
may be further configured to a plurality of first antenna arrays,
where the plurality of first antenna arrays may be further
configured to receive different input RF signals from different
CPEs of the plurality of groups of CPEs through different beam
patterns and distances. The received different input RF signals
from the different CPEs are superimposed by the primary sector and
transmitted to a corresponding base station and the in an uplink
communication as a single stream with a first beam pattern. The
single stream includes full frequency channel that corresponds to
the different input RF signals received from at least one group of
CPEs of the plurality of groups of CPEs. The baseband signal
processor may be configured to support multi-band millimeter wave
(mm Wave) spectrum and sub-30 GHz spectrum concomitantly.
While various embodiments described in the present disclosure have
been described above, it should be understood that they have been
presented by way of example, and not limitation. It is to be
understood that various changes in form and detail can be made
therein without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
In addition to using hardware (e.g., within or coupled to a central
processing unit ("CPU"), microprocessor, micro controller, digital
signal processor, processor core, system on chip ("SOC") or any
other device), implementations may also be embodied in software
(e.g. computer readable code, program code, and/or instructions
disposed in any form, such as source, object or machine language)
disposed for example in a non-transitory computer-readable medium
configured to store the software. Such software can enable, for
example, the function, fabrication, modeling, simulation,
description and/or testing of the apparatus and methods describe
herein. For example, this can be accomplished through the use of
general program languages (e.g., C, C++), hardware description
languages (HDL) including Verilog HDL, VHDL, and so on, or other
available programs. Such software can be disposed in any known
non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as semiconductor,
magnetic disc, or optical disc (e.g., CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, etc.). The
software can also be disposed as computer data embodied in a
non-transitory computer-readable transmission medium (e.g., solid
state memory any other non-transitory medium including digital,
optical, analogue-based medium, such as removable storage media).
Embodiments of the present disclosure may include methods of
providing the apparatus described herein by providing software
describing the apparatus and subsequently transmitting the software
as a computer data signal over a communication network including
the internet and intranets.
It is to be further understood that the system described herein may
be included in a semiconductor intellectual property core, such as
a microprocessor core (e.g., embodied in HDL) and transformed to
hardware in the production of integrated circuits. Additionally,
the system described herein may be embodied as a combination of
hardware and software. Thus, the present disclosure should not be
limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but
should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and
their equivalents.
* * * * *