U.S. patent number 11,248,886 [Application Number 16/909,020] was granted by the patent office on 2022-02-15 for polymer ammunition and cartridge having a convex primer insert.
This patent grant is currently assigned to TRUE VELOCITY IP HOLDINGS, LLC. The grantee listed for this patent is TRUE VELOCITY IP HOLDINGS, LLC. Invention is credited to Lonnie Burrow, Christopher William Overton.
United States Patent |
11,248,886 |
Burrow , et al. |
February 15, 2022 |
Polymer ammunition and cartridge having a convex primer insert
Abstract
The present invention provides a primer insert for a polymer
ammunition cartridge having a top surface; a bottom surface
opposite the top surface; a coupling element that extends from the
bottom surface, wherein the coupling element comprises an interior
surface and an exterior surface, wherein the interior surface
comprises: a convex transition region that transitions from the
bottom surface to a second segment wherein the transition region
has an overall convex shape; a first segment extending from the
second segment and terminates at a tip, wherein the first segment
has a first segment distance from 0.05 to 0.09 inches and the
second segment has a second segment distance from 0.05 to 0.09
inches, wherein the second segment has a second segment angle from
+3 to -3 degrees relative to the first segment angle and the first
segment has a first segment angle from +6 to -6 degrees from
perpendicular to the top surface; a primer recess in the top
surface that extends toward the bottom surface; a primer flash
aperture positioned in the primer recess through the bottom
surface; and a flash aperture groove in the primer recess and
positioned around the primer flash aperture and adapted to receive
a polymer overmolding through the primer flash aperture.
Inventors: |
Burrow; Lonnie (Carrollton,
TX), Overton; Christopher William (Wylie, TX) |
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
TRUE VELOCITY IP HOLDINGS, LLC |
Garland |
TX |
US |
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Assignee: |
TRUE VELOCITY IP HOLDINGS, LLC
(Garland, TX)
|
Family
ID: |
71838768 |
Appl.
No.: |
16/909,020 |
Filed: |
June 23, 2020 |
Prior Publication Data
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Document
Identifier |
Publication Date |
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US 20210080237 A1 |
Mar 18, 2021 |
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Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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16275976 |
Feb 14, 2019 |
10731957 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F42B
5/307 (20130101); F42B 5/313 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F42B
5/307 (20060101); F42B 5/313 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;102/469,470,464,465,466,467 |
References Cited
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Other References
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Cartridge Case R&D, Available on the Internet URL
https://forum.cartridgecollectors.org/t/pcp-ammo-variation-in-u-s-militar-
y-polyer-metal-cartridge-case-r-d/24400. cited by applicant .
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2015, 28 pages. cited by applicant .
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Ammo, Published Jan. 6, 2014, Available on the Internet URL
https://www.luckygunner.com/lounge/pcp-ammo-review. cited by
applicant .
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applicant .
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.
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applicant.
|
Primary Examiner: Cooper; John
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Singleton Law, PLLC Singleton;
Chainey P.
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a Continuation Application of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 16/275,976 filed Feb. 14, 2019, the contents
of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A primer insert for a polymer ammunition cartridge comprising: a
top surface; a bottom surface opposite the top surface; a coupling
element that extends from the bottom surface, wherein the coupling
element comprises an interior surface and an exterior surface,
wherein the interior surface comprises: a transition region that
transitions from the bottom surface to a second segment wherein the
transition region comprises a first transition segment 512a
extending from the second segment 508 and having a concave shape, a
second transition segment 512c extends from the first transition
segment 512a and having a convex shape and a third transition
segment 512e that extends from the second transition segment 512c
having a concave shape and extends to the bottom surface 34; a
first segment extending from the second segment and terminates at a
tip, wherein the first segment has a first segment distance from
0.05 to 0.09 inches and the second segment has a second segment
distance from 0.05 to 0.09 inches, wherein the second segment has a
second segment angle from +3 to -3 degrees relative to the first
segment angle and the first segment has a first segment angle from
+6 to -6 degrees from perpendicular to the top surface; a primer
recess in the top surface that extends toward the bottom surface; a
primer flash aperture positioned in the primer recess through the
bottom surface; and a flash aperture groove in the primer recess
and positioned around the primer flash aperture and adapted to
receive a polymer overmolding through the primer flash
aperture.
2. The primer insert of claim 1, wherein the convex transition
region comprises one or more straight segments that form a convex
segment that transitions from the bottom surface to the second
segment.
3. The primer insert of claim 1, wherein the convex transition
region comprises one or more curved segments that form a convex
segment that transitions from the bottom surface to the second
segment.
4. The primer insert of claim 3, wherein the second segment has a
second segment angle is about 1 degree and the first segment has a
first segment is about 3 degrees.
5. The primer insert of claim 3, wherein the second segment has a
second segment angle is about 3 degrees and the first segment has a
first segment is about 0 degrees.
6. The primer insert of claim 3, further comprising an insert
height that extends from the top surface to the tip, wherein the
insert height is about 0.36 inches.
7. The primer insert of claim 3, further comprising an insert
height that extends from the top surface to the tip, wherein the
insert height is about 0.38 inches.
8. The primer insert of claim 7, wherein the second segment has a
second segment angle is about 1 degree and the first segment has a
first segment is about 3 degrees.
9. The primer insert of claim 7, wherein the second segment has a
second segment angle is about 3 degrees and the first segment has a
first segment is about 0 degrees.
10. The primer insert of claim 7, further comprising an insert
height that extends from the top surface to the tip, wherein the
insert height is about 0.36 inches.
11. The primer insert of claim 7, further comprising an insert
height that extends from the top surface to the tip, wherein the
insert height is about 0.38 inches.
12. The primer insert of claim 11, wherein the second segment has a
second segment angle is about 1 degree and the first segment has a
first segment is about 3 degrees.
13. The primer insert of claim 11, wherein the second segment has a
second segment angle is about 3 degrees and the first segment has a
first segment is about 0 degrees.
14. The primer insert of claim 7, further comprising an insert
height that extends from the top surface to the tip, wherein the
insert height is about 0.4 inches.
15. The primer insert of claim 3, further comprising an insert
height that extends from the top surface to the tip, wherein the
insert height is about 0.4 inches.
16. The primer insert of claim 1, wherein the convex transition
region comprises one or more straight segments and one or more
curved segments that form a convex segment that transitions from
the bottom surface to the second segment.
17. The primer insert of claim 1, wherein the first segment has a
first segment distance is about 0.07 inches, the second segment has
a second segment distance is about 0.07 inches and the convex
transition region is convex with a radius of about 0.05.
18. The primer insert of claim 1, wherein the first segment has a
first segment distance is about 0.068 inches, the second segment
has a second segment distance is about 0.073 inches and the convex
transition region is convex with a radius of about 0.05.
19. The primer insert of claim 1, wherein the first segment has a
first segment distance is about 0.072 inches, the second segment
has a second segment distance is about 0.068 inches and the convex
transition region is convex with a radius of about 0.05.
20. The primer insert of claim 1, wherein the first segment has a
first segment distance is about 0.066 inches, the second segment
has a second segment distance is about 0.075 inches and the convex
transition region is convex with a radius of about 0.05.
21. The primer insert of claim 1, wherein the first segment has a
first segment distance is about 0.065 inches, the second segment
has a second segment distance is about 0.074 inches and the convex
transition region is convex with a radius of about 0.05.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates in general to the field of
ammunition, specifically to compositions of matter and methods of
making and using polymeric ammunition cartridge primer inserts.
STATEMENT OF FEDERALLY FUNDED RESEARCH
None.
INCORPORATION-BY-REFERENCE OF MATERIALS FILED ON COMPACT DISC
None.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Without limiting the scope of the invention, its background is
described in connection with lightweight polymer cartridge casing
ammunition. Conventional ammunition cartridge casings for rifles
and machine guns, as well as larger caliber weapons, are made from
brass, which is heavy, expensive, and potentially hazardous. There
exists a need for an affordable lighter weight replacement for
brass ammunition cartridge cases that can increase mission
performance and operational capabilities. Lightweight polymer
cartridge casing ammunition must meet the reliability and
performance standards of existing fielded ammunition and be
interchangeable with brass cartridge casing ammunition in existing
weaponry. Reliable cartridge casings manufacture requires
uniformity (e.g., bullet seating, bullet-to-casing fit, casing
strength, etc.) from one cartridge to the next in order to obtain
consistent pressures within the casing during firing prior to
bullet and casing separation to create uniformed ballistic
performance. Plastic cartridge casings have been known for many
years but have failed to provide satisfactory ammunition that could
be produced in commercial quantities with sufficient safety,
ballistic, handling characteristics, and survive physical and
natural conditions to which it will be exposed during the
ammunition's intended life cycle; however, these characteristics
have not been achieved.
For example, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/160,682 discloses
a base for a cartridge casing body for an ammunition article, the
base having an ignition device; an attachment device at one end
thereof, the attachment device being adapted to the base to a
cartridge casing body; wherein the base is made from plastic,
ceramic, or a composite material.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,610,858 discloses an ammunition cartridge assembled
from a substantially cylindrical polymeric cartridge casing body
defining a casing headspace with an open projectile-end and an end
opposing the projectile-end, wherein the casing body has a
substantially cylindrical injection molded polymeric bullet-end
component with opposing first and second ends, the first end of
which is the projectile-end of the casing body and the second end
has a male or female coupling element; and a cylindrical polymeric
middle body component with opposing first and second ends, wherein
the first end has a coupling element that is a mate for the
projectile-end coupling element and joins the first end of the
middle body component to the second end of the bullet-end
component, and the second end is the end of the casing body
opposite the projectile end and has a male or female coupling
element; and a cylindrical cartridge casing head-end component with
an essentially closed base end with a primer hole opposite an open
end with a coupling element that is a mate for the coupling element
on the second end of the middle body and joins the second end of
the middle body component to the open end of the head-end
component; wherein the middle body component is formed from a
material more ductile than the material head-end component is
formed from but equal or less ductile than the material the
bullet-end component is formed from. Methods for assembling
ammunition cartridges and ammunition cartridges having the
headspace length larger than the corresponding headspace length of
the chamber of the intended weapon measured at the same basic
diameter for the cartridge casing without being so large as to jam
the weapon or otherwise interfere with its action are also
disclosed.
Shortcomings of the known methods of producing plastic or
substantially plastic ammunition include the possibility of the
projectile being pushed into the cartridge casing, the bullet pull
being too light such that the bullet can fall out, the bullet pull
being too insufficient to create sufficient chamber pressure, the
bullet pull not being uniform from round to round, and portions of
the cartridge casing breaking off upon firing causing the weapon to
jam or damage or danger when subsequent rounds are fired or when
the casing portions themselves become projectiles. To overcome the
above shortcomings, improvements in cartridge case design and
performance polymer materials are needed.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a primer insert for a polymer
ammunition cartridge having a top surface; a bottom surface
opposite the top surface; a coupling element that extends from the
bottom surface, wherein the coupling element comprises an interior
surface and an exterior surface, wherein the interior surface
comprises: a convex transition region that transitions from the
bottom surface to a second segment wherein the transition region
has an overall convex shape; a first segment extending from the
second segment and terminates at a tip, wherein the first segment
has a first segment distance from 0.05 to 0.09 inches and the
second segment has a second segment distance from 0.05 to 0.09
inches, wherein the second segment has a second segment angle from
+3 to -3 degrees relative to the first segment angle and the first
segment has a first segment angle from +6 to -6 degrees from
perpendicular to the top surface; a primer recess in the top
surface that extends toward the bottom surface; a primer flash
aperture positioned in the primer recess through the bottom
surface; and a flash aperture groove in the primer recess and
positioned around the primer flash aperture and adapted to receive
a polymer overmolding through the primer flash aperture.
The convex transition region comprises one or more straight
segments that form a convex segment that transitions from the
bottom surface to a second segment. The convex transition region
comprises one or more curved segments that form a convex segment
that transitions from the bottom surface to a second segment. The
convex transition region comprises one or more straight segments
and one or more curved segments that form a convex segment that
transitions from the bottom surface to a second segment. The first
segment has a first segment distance is about 0.07 inches, the
second segment has a second segment distance is about 0.07 inches
and the convex transition region is convex with a radius of about
0.05. The second segment has a second segment angle is about 1
degrees and the first segment has a first segment is about 3
degrees. The second segment has a second segment angle is about 3
degrees and the first segment has a first segment is about 0
degrees. The primer insert may further include an insert height
that extends from the top surface to the tip, wherein the insert
height is about 0.36 inches. The primer insert may further include
an insert height that extends from the top surface to the tip,
wherein the insert height is about 0.38 inches. The primer insert
may further include an insert height that extends from the top
surface to the tip, wherein the insert height is about 0.4 inches.
The first segment has a first segment distance is about 0.068
inches, the second segment has a second segment distance is about
0.073 inches and the convex transition region is convex with a
radius of about 0.05. The second segment has a second segment angle
is about 1 degrees and the first segment has a first segment is
about 3 degrees. The second segment has a second segment angle is
about 3 degrees and the first segment has a first segment is about
0 degrees. The primer insert may further include an insert height
that extends from the top surface to the tip, wherein the insert
height is about 0.36 inches. The primer insert may further include
an insert height that extends from the top surface to the tip,
wherein the insert height is about 0.38 inches. The primer insert
may further include an insert height that extends from the top
surface to the tip, wherein the insert height is about 0.4 inches.
The first segment has a first segment distance is about 0.072
inches, the second segment has a second segment distance is about
0.068 inches and the convex transition region is convex with a
radius of about 0.05. The second segment has a second segment angle
is about 1 degrees and the first segment has a first segment is
about 3 degrees. The primer insert of claim 15, wherein the second
segment has a second segment angle is about 3 degrees and the first
segment has a first segment is about 0 degrees. The first segment
has a first segment distance is about 0.066 inches, the second
segment has a second segment distance is about 0.075 inches and the
convex transition region is convex with a radius of about 0.05. The
first segment has a first segment distance is about 0.065 inches,
the second segment has a second segment distance is about 0.074
inches and the convex transition region is convex with a radius of
about 0.05.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
For a more complete understanding of the features and advantages of
the present invention, reference is now made to the detailed
description of the invention along with the accompanying figures
and in which:
FIG. 1 depicts an exploded view of the polymeric cartridge
casing;
FIG. 2 depicts an elevation view of one embodiment of the primer
insert of the present invention;
FIG. 3 depicts a side, cross-sectional view of a polymeric
cartridge case according to one embodiment of the present
invention;
FIG. 4 depicts a side, cross-sectional view of a portion of the
polymeric cartridge case according to one embodiment of the present
invention;
FIGS. 5a-5c depicts side, cross-sectional views of different
embodiments of primer insert according to the present
invention;
FIG. 6 depicts a side, cross-sectional view of a portion of the
polymeric cartridge case displaying ribs according to one
embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 depicts a side, cross-sectional view of a polymeric
cartridge case having a diffuser according to one embodiment of the
present invention;
FIG. 8 depicts a side, cross-sectional view of a portion of the
polymeric cartridge case having a diffuser according to one
embodiment of the present invention; and
FIGS. 9a-9h depict diffuser according to a different embodiment of
the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
While the making and using of various embodiments of the present
invention are discussed in detail below, it should be appreciated
that the present invention provides many applicable inventive
concepts that can be embodied in a wide variety of specific
contexts. The specific embodiments discussed herein are merely
illustrative of specific ways to make and use the invention and do
not delimit the scope of the invention.
To facilitate the understanding of this invention, a number of
terms are defined below. Terms defined herein have meanings as
commonly understood by a person of ordinary skill in the areas
relevant to the present invention. Terms such as "a", "an" and
"the" are not intended to refer to only a singular entity, but
include the general class of which a specific example may be used
for illustration. The terminology herein is used to describe
specific embodiments of the invention, but their usage does not
delimit the invention, except as outlined in the claims.
Reliable cartridge manufacture requires uniformity from one
cartridge to the next in order to obtain consistent ballistic
performance. Among other considerations, proper bullet seating and
bullet-to-casing fit is required. In this manner, a desired
pressure develops within the casing during firing prior to bullet
and casing separation. Historically, bullets employ a cannelure,
which is a slight annular depression formed in a surface of the
bullet at a location determined to be the optimal seating depth for
the bullet. In this manner, a visual inspection of a cartridge
could determine whether or not the bullet is seated at the proper
depth. Once the bullet is inserted into the casing to the proper
depth, one of two standard procedures is incorporated to lock the
bullet in its proper location. One method is the crimping of the
entire end of the casing into the cannelure. A second method does
not crimp the casing end; rather the bullet is pressure fitted into
the casing.
The polymeric ammunition cartridges of the present invention are of
a caliber typically carried by soldiers in combat for use in their
combat weapons. The present invention is not limited to the
described caliber and is believed to be applicable to other
calibers as well. This includes various small and medium caliber
munitions, including 5.56 mm, 7.62 mm, 12.7 mm and 0.50 caliber
ammunition cartridges, as well as medium/small caliber ammunition
such as 380 caliber, 308 caliber, 38 caliber, 9 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm,
25 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm, 45 caliber and the like. The cartridges,
therefore, are of a caliber between about 0.05 and about 5 inches.
Thus, the present invention is also applicable to the sporting
goods industry for use by hunters and target shooters.
FIG. 1 depicts an exploded view of the polymeric ammunition 10. A
polymeric cartridge 12 suitable for use with high velocity rifles
is shown manufactured with a polymeric middle body component 28
having a polymeric nose 18. The polymeric middle body component 28
includes an overmolded primer insert 32 and forms a propellant
chamber 14. The insert 32 also includes a primer recess (not shown)
formed therein for insertion of the primer (not shown). The
polymeric nose 18 has a shoulder 24 connected to a chamber neck 26
terminating in a projectile aperture 16 which accepts a bullet 56
therein.
FIG. 2 depicts an elevation view of one embodiment of the primer
insert 32 of the present invention. The primer insert 32 includes a
coupling element 30 extending from a bottom surface (not shown) and
tapers to a smaller diameter at the tip 44. When the primer insert
32 is overmolded with the middle body component (not shown) over
the substantially cylindrical coupling element 30 and the tip 44 to
form a physical interlock between primer insert 32 and middle body
component (not shown). The primer insert 32 also has a flange 46 at
one end and a primer recess (not shown) formed therein for
insertion of a primer (not shown).
FIG. 3 depicts a side, cross-sectional view of a polymeric
cartridge case according to one embodiment of the present
invention. The ammunition cartridge 10 includes a polymer cartridge
12 overmolding a primer insert 32, a polymeric nose 18, a
propellant/powder chamber 14 and a projectile aperture 16. The
polymeric nose 18 extending from projectile aperture 16 toward the
nose joint 20 which are separated by a neck 26 and a shoulder 24.
The nose joint 20 may be configured in various designs that allow
the joining of the polymeric nose 18 to the middle body component
28. For example, the joint 20 may be a butt joint, a bevel lap
splice joint, a half lap joint, a lap joint, a square joint, a
single bevel joint, double bevel joint, single J joint, double J
joint, single v joint, double v joint, single U joint, double U
joint, flange joint, tee joint, flare joint, edge joint, rabbit
joint, dado and any other joint. In addition, the joint type may be
modified to allow a gap at regions in the joint. For example, a
dado joint may be formed where the fit is not square allowing gaps
to form at the corner of the dado. Similarly, a compound joint may
be used, e.g., rabbit joint transitioning to a butt joint
transitioning to a bevel joint (modified to have a gap in the fit)
transitioning to a butt joint and ending in a lap joint or rabbit
joint. In addition the angle of the joint need not be at 90 and 180
degrees. The joint angle may be at any angle from 0-180 degrees and
may vary along the joint. For instance the joint may start at a 0
degree move to a +45 degree angle transition to a -40 degree angle
and conclude by tapering at a 10 degree angle. The polymeric nose
18 typically has a wall thickness between about 0.003 and about
0.200 inches and preferably between about 0.005 and more preferably
between about 0.150 inches about 0.010 and about 0.050 inches.
The middle body component 28 is formed by molding a case joint 19
at one end and overmolding the primer insert 32 at the other. A
coupling element 30 extending from a bottom surface 34 that is
opposite a top surface 36. The middle body component 28 overmolds
the coupling element 30 of the insert 32. The coupling element 30,
as shown, is configured as a male element, however, all
combinations of male and female configurations are acceptable for
coupling elements 30. Located in the top surface 36 of the primer
insert is a primer recess 38 that extends toward the bottom surface
34. A primer flash aperture 40 is located in the primer recess 38
and extends through the bottom surface 34 into the interior of the
middle body component 28 to form a powder chamber 14. The coupling
end 22 extends the polymer through the primer flash aperture 40 to
form an aperture coating 42 while retaining a passage from the top
surface 36 through the bottom surface 34 and into the powder
chamber 14 to provide support, communication and protection about
the primer flash aperture 40. The middle body component 28 extends
through the flash aperture 40 into the primer recess 38 and into a
primer recess groove 39. The middle body component 28 typically has
a wall thickness between about 0.002 and about 0.400 inches and
between 0.003 and about 0.200 inches more preferably between about
0.005 and more preferably between about 0.150 inches about 0.010
and about 0.050 inches. The projectile aperture 16, the middle body
28 and the overmolded bottom surface 34 define the interior of a
powder/propellant chamber 14 in which the powder charge (not shown)
is contained. The interior volume of powder/propellant chamber 14
may be varied to provide the desired volume of powder/propellant to
achieve the desired goal, e.g., fps, pressure, etc. Any
powder/propellant known to the skilled artisan can be used.
Generally, either a particulate or consolidated propellant is used.
The primer insert 32 also has a flange 46 and a primer recess 38
formed therein for ease of insertion of the primer (not shown). The
primer recess 38 is sized to receive a primer (not shown) in an
interference fit during assembly. A diffuser (not shown) may be
placed between the primer (not shown) and the bottom of the primer
recess 38. The diffuser may be of any diameter, thickness and
material. A primer flash hole 40 communicates through the bottom
surface 34 of primer insert 32 into the powder chamber 14 so that
upon detonation of the primer (not shown), the powder in the powder
chamber 14 will be ignited. The projectile (not shown) is held in
place within the neck 26 at forward the projectile aperture 16 by
an interference fit, mechanical crimping, adhesive, bonding
welding, or etc. to increase the bullet pull force.
In another embodiment, the polymer casing (not shown) includes an
open-ended middle body component (not shown) that terminates in a
projectile aperture (not shown) that fits a projectile (not shown)
directly and does not need a nose (not shown) to reduce the
diameter from the cartridge (not shown) diameter to the projectile
aperture (not shown) diameter. The middle body component (not
shown) extends from a projectile aperture (not shown) to coupling
element (not shown). The bullet (not shown) may be inserted into
the projectile aperture 16 following the insertion of the diffuser
(not shown) and primer (not shown) into the primer recess (not
shown) and the addition of the propellant (not shown) to the
propellant/powder chamber 14. The projectile (not shown) can be
fitted into the projectile aperture 16 prior to welding or bonding
together using solvent, adhesive, spin-welding, vibration-welding,
ultrasonic-welding or laser-welding techniques. The welding or
bonding increases the joint strength between the polymer cartridge
12 and the projectile (not shown) to produce the desired projectile
(not shown) retention (i.e., bullet pull). An optional first and/or
second annular groove (cannelures) may be provided in the neck 26
in the interlock surface of the male coupling element to provide a
snap-fit between the two components. The cannelures (not shown)
formed in a surface of the bullet (not shown) at a location
determined to be the optimal seating depth for the bullet (not
shown). Once the bullet (not shown) is inserted into the polymeric
nose 18 at the proper depth the bullet (not shown) is locked into
the proper location. Another embodiment includes positioning the
bullet (not shown) into the polymeric nose 18 and crimping the neck
26 into the cannelures. The polymeric nose 18 and middle body
component 28 can also be welded or bonded together using solvent,
adhesive, spin-welding, vibration-welding, ultrasonic-welding or
laser-welding techniques at the nose joint 20 and the case joint
19. The welding or bonding increases the joint strength so the
casing can be extracted from the hot gun casing after firing at the
cook-off temperature without failure of the polymer cartridge
12.
FIG. 4 depicts a side, cross-sectional view of a portion of the
polymeric cartridge case according to one embodiment of the present
invention shown in FIG. 3. FIG. 4 shows a portion of a polymer
casing 12 showing a powder chamber 14 and the primer insert 32. The
primer insert 32 includes a coupling element 30 extending from a
bottom surface 34 that is opposite a top surface 36. Located in the
top surface 36 is a primer recess 38 that extends toward the bottom
surface 34. A primer flash aperture 40 is located in the primer
recess 38 and extends through the bottom surface 34 into the powder
chamber 14. The coupling end 22 extends the polymer over the
coupling element 30 and through the primer flash aperture 40 to
form an aperture coating 42 that retains the passage from the top
surface 36 through the bottom surface 34 and into the powder
chamber 14 while providing support and protection about the primer
flash aperture 40. When contacted the middle body component 28
interlocks with the coupling element 30 that extends with a taper
to a smaller diameter at the tip 44 and forms a physical interlock
between the primer insert 32 and middle body component 28. The
middle body component 28 extends through the flash aperture 40 into
the primer recess 38 into a primer recess groove 39 located around
the flash aperture 40 in the primer recess 38. Coupling end 22 is
shown as a female element, but may also be configured as a male
element in alternate embodiments of the invention. A diffuser maybe
placed in the primer recess against the primer recess groove 39 and
the primer (not shown).
FIG. 5a depicts a side, cross-sectional view of a primer insert 32
according to one embodiment of the present invention. The
substantially cylindrical insert 32 includes a substantially
cylindrical coupling element 30 extending from a bottom surface 34
that is opposite a top surface 36. The tip 44 includes an end 502
separated from a first point 504 by a first segment 506 and forms a
first segment angle and first segment length. A second segment 508
is extends from the first point 504 to the second point 510 and
forms a second segment angle and second segment length. A
transition segment 512 extends from the second point 510 to the
third point 514. The transition segment 512 transitions from a
vertical position to a horizontal position. The transition segment
512 is divided into 3 individual segments. The first transition
segment 512a is a concave region that extends from the second point
510 to the first transition point 512b. The second transition
segment 512c extends from the first transition point 512b to a
second transition point 512d in the form of a straight segment. The
third transition segment 512e is a concave region that extends from
the second transition point 512d to the third point 514. The
transition segment 512 and thus individually the first transition
segment 512a, second transition segment 512c, and third transition
segment 512e may be a curve, radius, one or more straight, curved,
free-formed or other segments, e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27,
28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44,
45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 65,
70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or more until it approaches or can be
functionally viewed as a curves surface. A third segment 516
extends from the third point 514 to a fourth point 518 to form a
third segment length with a third segment angle of 80 and 100
degrees relative to the first segment angle. In other embodiments,
the first segment 506, the second segment 508, third segment 516
may be subdivide into multiple segments (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41,
42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58,
59, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or more) with each having
independent angles and provide the same function without departing
from the scope of the instant invention.
The first segment 506 may have a first segment angle between .+-.6
degrees from perpendicular to the top surface 36 and a first
segment distance of 0.10.+-.0.08. The first segment 506 length may
be 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.10, 0.11,
0.12, 0.13, 0.14, 0.15, 0.16, 0.17, 0.18, 0.19, 0.2 and variable
increment of 0.001-0.010. Similarly the first segment 506 may have
an angle of -6, -5.75, -5.5, -5.25, -5.0, -4.75, -4.5, -4.25,
-3.75, -3.5, -3.25, -2.75, -2.5, -2.25, -1.75, -1.5, -1.25, -0.75,
-0.5, -0.25, -0.05, 0, 6, 5.75, 5.5, 5.25, 5.0, 4.75, 4.5, 4.25,
3.75, 3.5, 3.25, 2.75, 2.5, 2.25, 1.75, 1.5, 1.25, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25,
0.05, and incremental variations thereof degrees from perpendicular
to the top surface 36. Individual examples include a first segment
506 length of 0.06, 0.068, 0.07, 0.079, 0.08 0.066, 0.09, 0.095,
0.10, or 0.075.
The second segment 508 may have an angle between -3 and 3 degrees
relative to the first segment angle and a first segment distance of
0.10.+-.0.08. Individual examples include a second segment 508
length of 0.07, 0.073, 0.075, 0.08, 0.083, 0.09, 0.072, 0.1, 0.102,
0.11, 0.116, or 0.12.
The transition segment 512 (segments 512a-512e) may be a transition
equivalent to a radius of 0.02 to 0.2, e.g., 0.02, 0.03, 0.04,
0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.10, 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, 0.14, 0.15,
0.16, 0.17, 0.18, 0.19, 0.2 and variable increment of
0.001-0.010.
The third segment 516 may have an angle between 80-100 degrees
relative to the first segment angle.
In combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.375 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.068 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.073 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.38 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.4 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.35 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.06 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.375 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.068 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.073 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.38 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.4 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.35 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.06 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.375 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.068 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.073 at about 5 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.38 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 5 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.4 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 5 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.35 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.06 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 5 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about
0.05.
In combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.360 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.079 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.083 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.04. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.40 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.08 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.04. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.40 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.08 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.04. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.40 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.08 at about 5 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.04. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.40 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.08 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.04. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.350 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.085 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.04. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.350 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.085 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.04. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.350 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.085 at about 5 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.04. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.350 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.085 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about
0.04.
In combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.375 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.066 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.072 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.37 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.06 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.37 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.06 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.37 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.06 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 5 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.37 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.06 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.38 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.38 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.38 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 5 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.38 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.3 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.3 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.3 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 5 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.3 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about
0.05.
In combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.645 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.095 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.102 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.6 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.1 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.6 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.1 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.6 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.1 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 5 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.6 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.1 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.65 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.09 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.09 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.65 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.09 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.09 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.65 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.09 at about 3 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.09 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.7 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.1 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.7 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.1 at about 3 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.7 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.1 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.7 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.1 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about
0.14.
In combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.644 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.075 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.116 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.644 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.075 at about 3 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.116 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.644 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.075 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.116 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.644 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.075 at about 3 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.116 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.6 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.12 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.6 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 3 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.12 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.6 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.12 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.6 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 3 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.12 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.65 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.65 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.65 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.65 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 3 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.7 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.075 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.7 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.075 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.7 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.075 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.7 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.075 at about 3 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about
0.14.
The primer insert 32 also includes a first outer segment 520 that
extends from the end 502 to a first outer point 522 to define a
first outer segment length and a first outer segment angle. The
first outer segment 520 may be subdivide into multiple segments
(e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,
18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34,
35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51,
52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or
more) with each having independent angles and provide the same
function without departing from the scope of the instant invention.
The first outer angle may be between -15 and 15 degrees from
perpendicular to the top surface 36. An outer transition segment
524 is formed between the first outer point 522 and a side wall
526. The outer transition segment 524 may be one or more segment
that are individually a curve, radius, straight, free-formed or
other segments, e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,
14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47,
48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80,
85, 90, 95 or more to transition from the first outer segment 520
to the side wall 526.
FIG. 5b depicts a side, cross-sectional view of a primer insert 32
according to one embodiment of the present invention. The
substantially cylindrical insert 32 includes a substantially
cylindrical coupling element 30 extending from a bottom surface 34
that is opposite a top surface 36. The tip 44 includes an end 502
separated from a first point 504 by a first segment 506 and forms a
first segment angle and first segment length. A second segment 508
is extends from the first point 504 to the second point 510 and
forms a second segment angle and second segment length. A
transition segment 512 extends from the second point 510 to the
third point 514. The transition segment 512 transitions from a
vertical position to a horizontal position. The transition segment
512 is divided into 3 individual segments. The first transition
segment 512a is a concave region that extends from the second point
510 to the first transition point 512b. The second transition
segment 512c extends from the first transition point 512b to a
second transition point 512d in the form of a convex segment. The
third transition segment 512e is a concave region that extends from
the second transition point 512d to the third point 514. The
transition segment 512 and thus individually the first transition
segment 512a, second transition segment 512c, and third transition
segment 512e may be a curve, radius, one or more straight, curved,
free-formed or other segments, e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27,
28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44,
45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 65,
70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or more until it approaches or can be
functionally viewed as a curves surface. A third segment 516
extends from the third point 514 to a fourth point 518 to form a
third segment length with a third segment angle of 80 and 100
degrees relative to the first segment angle. In other embodiments,
the first segment 506, the second segment 508, third segment 516
may be subdivide into multiple segments (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41,
42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58,
59, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or more) with each having
independent angles and provide the same function without departing
from the scope of the instant invention.
The first segment 506 may have a first segment angle between .+-.6
degrees from perpendicular to the top surface 36 and a first
segment distance of 0.10.+-.0.08. The first segment 506 length may
be 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.10, 0.11,
0.12, 0.13, 0.14, 0.15, 0.16, 0.17, 0.18, 0.19, 0.2 and variable
increment of 0.001-0.010. Similarly the first segment 506 may have
an angle of -6, -5.75, -5.5, -5.25, -5.0, -4.75, -4.5, -4.25,
-3.75, -3.5, -3.25, -2.75, -2.5, -2.25, -1.75, -1.5, -1.25, -0.75,
-0.5, -0.25, -0.05, 0, 6, 5.75, 5.5, 5.25, 5.0, 4.75, 4.5, 4.25,
3.75, 3.5, 3.25, 2.75, 2.5, 2.25, 1.75, 1.5, 1.25, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25,
0.05, and incremental variations thereof degrees from perpendicular
to the top surface 36. Individual examples include a first segment
506 length of 0.06, 0.068, 0.07, 0.079, 0.08 0.066, 0.09, 0.095,
0.10, or 0.075.
The second segment 508 may have an angle between -3 and 3 degrees
relative to the first segment angle and a first segment distance of
0.10.+-.0.08. Individual examples include a second segment 508
length of 0.07, 0.073, 0.075, 0.08, 0.083, 0.09, 0.072, 0.1, 0.102,
0.11, 0.116, or 0.12.
The transition segment 512 (segments 512a-512e) may be a transition
equivalent to a radius of 0.02 to 0.2, e.g., 0.02, 0.03, 0.04,
0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.10, 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, 0.14, 0.15,
0.16, 0.17, 0.18, 0.19, 0.2 and variable increment of
0.001-0.010.
The third segment 516 may have an angle between 80-100 degrees
relative to the first segment angle.
In combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.375 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.068 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.073 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.38 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.4 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.35 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.06 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.375 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.068 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.073 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.38 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.4 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.35 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.06 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.375 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.068 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.073 at about 5 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.38 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 5 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.4 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 5 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.35 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.06 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 5 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about
0.05.
In combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.360 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.079 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.083 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.04. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.40 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.08 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.04. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.40 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.08 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.04. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.40 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.08 at about 5 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.04. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.40 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.08 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.04. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.350 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.085 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.04. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.350 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.085 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.04. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.350 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.085 at about 5 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.04. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.350 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.085 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about
0.04.
In combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.375 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.066 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.072 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.37 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.06 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.37 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.06 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.37 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.06 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 5 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.37 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.06 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.38 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.38 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.38 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 5 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.38 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.3 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.3 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.3 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 5 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.05. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.3 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about
0.05.
In combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.645 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.095 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.102 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.6 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.1 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.6 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.1 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.6 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.1 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 5 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.6 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.1 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.65 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.09 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.09 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.65 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.09 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.09 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.65 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.09 at about 3 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.09 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.7 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.1 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.7 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.1 at about 3 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.7 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.1 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.7 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.1 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about
0.14.
In combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.644 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.075 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.116 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.644 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.075 at about 3 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.116 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.644 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.075 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.116 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.644 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.075 at about 3 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.116 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.6 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.12 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.6 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 3 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.12 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.6 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.12 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.6 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 3 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.12 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.65 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.65 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.65 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.65 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 3 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.7 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.075 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.7 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.075 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.7 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.075 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about 0.14. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.7 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.075 at about 3 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 made
from segments 512a-512e to approximating a radius of about
0.14.
The primer insert 32 also includes a first outer segment 520 that
extends from the end 502 to a first outer point 522 to define a
first outer segment length and a first outer segment angle. The
first outer segment 520 may be subdivide into multiple segments
(e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,
18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34,
35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51,
52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or
more) with each having independent angles and provide the same
function without departing from the scope of the instant invention.
The first outer angle may be between -15 and 15 degrees from
perpendicular to the top surface 36. An outer transition segment
524 is formed between the first outer point 522 and a side wall
526. The outer transition segment 524 may be one or more segment
that are individually a curve, radius, straight, free-formed or
other segments, e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,
14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47,
48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80,
85, 90, 95 or more to transition from the first outer segment 520
to the side wall 526.
FIG. 5c depicts a side, cross-sectional view of a primer insert 32
according to one embodiment of the present invention. The
substantially cylindrical insert 32 includes a substantially
cylindrical coupling element 30 extending from a bottom surface 34
that is opposite a top surface 36. The tip 44 includes an end 502
separated from a first point 504 by a first segment 506 and forms a
first segment angle and first segment length. A second segment 508
is extends from the first point 504 to the second point 510 and
forms a second segment angle and second segment length. A
transition segment 512 extends from the second point 510 to the
fourth point 518. The transition segment 512 transitions from a
vertical position to a horizontal position which is the flash
aperture 40. The transition segment 512 may be a curve, radius, one
or more straight, curved, free-formed or other segments, e.g., 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37,
38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54,
55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or more until it
approaches or can be functionally viewed as a curves surface. In
other embodiments, the first segment 506 and the second segment 508
may be subdivide into multiple segments (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41,
42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58,
59, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or more) with each having
independent angles and provide the same function without departing
from the scope of the instant invention.
The first segment 506 may have a first segment angle between .+-.6
degrees from perpendicular to the top surface 36 and a first
segment distance of 0.10.+-.0.08. The first segment 506 length may
be 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.10, 0.11,
0.12, 0.13, 0.14, 0.15, 0.16, 0.17, 0.18, 0.19, 0.2 and variable
increment of 0.001-0.010. Similarly the first segment 506 may have
an angle of -6, -5.75, -5.5, -5.25, -5.0, -4.75, -4.5, -4.25,
-3.75, -3.5, -3.25, -2.75, -2.5, -2.25, -1.75, -1.5, -1.25, -0.75,
-0.5, -0.25, -0.05, 0, 6, 5.75, 5.5, 5.25, 5.0, 4.75, 4.5, 4.25,
3.75, 3.5, 3.25, 2.75, 2.5, 2.25, 1.75, 1.5, 1.25, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25,
0.05, and incremental variations thereof degrees from perpendicular
to the top surface 36. Individual examples include a first segment
506 length of 0.06, 0.068, 0.07, 0.079, 0.08 0.066, 0.09, 0.095,
0.10, or 0.075.
The second segment 508 may have an angle between -3 and 3 degrees
relative to the first segment angle and a first segment distance of
0.10.+-.0.08. Individual examples include a second segment 508
length of 0.07, 0.073, 0.075, 0.08, 0.083, 0.09, 0.072, 0.1, 0.102,
0.11, 0.116, or 0.12.
In combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.375 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.068 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.073 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.38 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.4 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.35 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.06 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.375 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.068 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.073 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.38 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.4 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.35 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.06 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.375 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.068 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.073 at about 5 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.38 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 5 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.4 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 5 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.35 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.06 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 5 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518.
In combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.360 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.079 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.083 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.40 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.08 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.40 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.08 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.40 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.08 at about 5 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.40 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.08 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.350 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.085 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.350 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.085 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.350 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.085 at about 5 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.350 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.085 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518.
In combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.375 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.066 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.072 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.37 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.06 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.37 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.06 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.37 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.06 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 5 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.37 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.06 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.38 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.38 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.38 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 5 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.38 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.3 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.3 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.3 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 5 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.3 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.07 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.07 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518.
In combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.645 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.095 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.102 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.6 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.1 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.6 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.1 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.6 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.1 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 5 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.6 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.1 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.65 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.09 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.09 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.65 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.09 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.09 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.65 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.09 at about 3 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.09 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.7 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.1 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.7 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.1 at about 3 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.7 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.1 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.7 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.1 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518.
In combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.644 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.075 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.116 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.644 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.075 at about 3 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.116 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.644 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.075 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.116 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.644 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.075 at about 3 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.116 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.6 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.12 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.6 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 3 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.12 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.6 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.12 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.6 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 3 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.12 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.65 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.65 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.65 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.65 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.08 at about 3 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.7 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.075 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.7 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.075 at about 2 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 3 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.7 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.075 at about 0 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518. In
combination, the primer insert 32 may have a height from top
surface 36 to tip 44 of about 0.7 with a first segment 506 length
of about 0.075 at about 3 degrees, a second segment 508 length of
about 0.1 at about 6 degrees with a transition segment 512 that
extends from the second point 510 to the fourth point 518.
The primer insert 32 also includes a first outer segment 520 that
extends from the end 502 to a first outer point 522 to define a
first outer segment length and a first outer segment angle. The
first outer segment 520 may be subdivide into multiple segments
(e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,
18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34,
35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51,
52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or
more) with each having independent angles and provide the same
function without departing from the scope of the instant invention.
The first outer angle may be between -15 and 15 degrees from
perpendicular to the top surface 36. An outer transition segment
524 is formed between the first outer point 522 and a side wall
526. The outer transition segment 524 may be one or more segment
that are individually a curve, radius, straight, free-formed or
other segments, e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,
14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47,
48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80,
85, 90, 95 or more to transition from the first outer segment 520
to the side wall 526.
As used herein the term convex denotes any incursion into the
interior surface of the coupling element extending from the bottom
surface to the tip and may be linear, curved or a combination of
linear and curved. The convex transition region may be a curved
segment more than one curved segment. However the convex transition
region may be a straight segment or more than one straight segment.
Similarly, the convex transition region may be a combination of one
or more curved and one or more straight segment. The incursion may
be the result of a straight segment connecting the bottom surface
and the second segment. The incursion may be the result of more
than one straight segment connected together to connect the bottom
surface and the second segment. The incursion may be the result of
a curved segment connecting the bottom surface and the second
segment. The incursion may be the result of more than one curved
segment connected together to connect the bottom surface and the
second segment. This may be a concave segment connected to a convex
segment or multiple concave segments and convex segments connected
in any variation, e.g., concave segments to convex segments, convex
segments to concave segments, multiple concave segments to convex
segments, convex segments to multiple concave segments, multiple
concave segments to multiple convex segments in block or random
patterns. The incursion may be the result of more than one curved
segment connected together to connect the bottom surface and the
second segment. This may be a concave segment connected to a convex
segment or multiple concave segments and convex segments connected
in any variation, e.g., concave segments to convex segments, convex
segments to concave segments, multiple concave segments to convex
segments, convex segments to multiple concave segments, multiple
concave segments to multiple convex segments in block or random
patterns, e.g., concave segment-concave segment-convex segments;
concave segment-convex segments-concave segment; convex
segments-concave segment-concave segment; one or more concave
segments--one or more concave segments--one or more convex
segments; one or more concave segments--one or more convex
segments--one or more concave segments; one or more convex
segments--one or more concave segments--one or more concave
segments. The incursion may be the result of more than one curved
segment connected to one or more straight segments to connect the
bottom surface and the second segment. The curved segments may be
one or more concave segments and/or one or more convex segments.
This may be a curved segment (concave and/or convex) connected to a
straight segment or multiple curved segments (concave and/or
convex) and multiple straight segments connected in any variation,
e.g., one or more convex segments to one or more straight segments
to one or more concave segments; one or more concave segments to
one or more straight segments to one or more convex segments; one
or more convex segments to one or more straight segments to one or
more convex segments; one or more concave segments to one or more
straight segments to one or more concave segments; one or more
straight segments to one or more concave segments; one or more
straight segments to one or more convex segments; one or more
convex segments to one or more straight segments; one or more
concave segments to one or more straight segments; one or more
convex segments to one or more straight segments to one or more
concave segments to one or more straight segments; one or more
concave segments to one or more straight segments to one or more
convex segments to one or more straight segments; one or more
convex segments to one or more straight segments to one or more
convex segments to one or more straight segments; one or more
concave segments to one or more straight segments to one or more
concave segments to one or more straight segments; one or more
straight segments to one or more convex segments to one or more
straight segments to one or more concave segments; one or more
straight segments to one or more concave segments to one or more
straight segments to one or more convex segments; one or more
straight segments to one or more convex segments to one or more
straight segments to one or more convex segments; one or more
straight segments to one or more concave segments to one or more
straight segments to one or more concave segments; or any variation
thereof. The one or more straight segments may be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,
24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40,
41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57,
58, 59, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or more segments. The one or
more curved segments may be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29,
30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46,
47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 65, 70, 75,
80, 85, 90, 95 or more segments. The one or more convex segments
may be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,
18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34,
35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51,
52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or
more segments. The one or more concave segments may be 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22,
23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39,
40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56,
57, 58, 59, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or more segments.
FIG. 6 depicts a side, cross-sectional view of a portion of the
polymeric cartridge case displaying ribs according to one
embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 depicts a portion of a
polymer casing having a shortened insert, angled coupling elements
and internal ribs. The primer insert 32 includes a coupling element
30 extending from a bottom surface 34 that is opposite a top
surface 36. Located in the top surface 36 is a primer recess 38
that extends toward the bottom surface 34. A primer flash aperture
40 is located in the primer recess 38 and extends through the
bottom surface 34 into the powder chamber 14. The coupling end 22
extends the polymer over the coupling element 30 and through the
primer flash aperture 40 to form an aperture coating 42 that
retains the passage from the top surface 36 through the bottom
surface 34 and into the powder chamber 14 while providing support
and protection about the primer flash aperture 40. When contacted
the middle body component 28 interlocks with the coupling element
30 that extends with a taper to a smaller diameter at the tip 44
and forms a physical interlock between the primer insert 32 and
middle body component 28. The middle body component 28 extends
through the flash aperture 40 into the primer recess 38 into a
primer recess groove 39 located around the flash aperture 40 in the
primer recess 38. Coupling end 22 is shown as a female element, but
may also be configured as a male element in alternate embodiments
of the invention. A diffuser maybe placed in the primer recess
against the primer recess groove 39 and the primer (not shown). The
substantially cylindrical opposite end 20 or anywhere within the
powder chamber 14 may include one or more ribs 48 on the surface.
The number of ribs 48 will depend on the specific application and
desire of the manufacture but may include 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 6, 7, 8, 9,
10, or more ribs. In the counter bore, the polymer was having
difficulty filling this area due to the fact that the polymer used
has fillers in it, and needed to be reblended during molding. One
embodiment includes six ribs 48 to create turbulence in the flow of
the polymer, thus allowing the material to fill the counter bore.
Another embodiment of the instant invention is a shortened insert
and angled coupling element 30 inside of the insert. In addition,
raised portions of the polymer at the flash hole, lowered and
angled the internal polymer wall to match the insert and lengthened
the internal ribs.
FIG. 7 depicts a side, cross-sectional view of a polymeric
cartridge case having a diffuser according to one embodiment of the
present invention. The diffuser 50 is a device that is used to
divert the effects of the primer off of the polymer and directing
it to the flash hole. The affects being the impact from igniting
the primer as far as pressure and heat. The ammunition cartridge 10
is shown with a polymer casing 12 having a powder/propellant
chamber 14 with a projectile aperture 16 at one end and an
overmolded primer insert 32 at the other. The polymeric nose 18
extending from projectile aperture 16 toward the nose joint 20
which are separated by a neck 26 and a shoulder 24. The nose joint
20 may be configured in various designs that allow the joining of
the polymeric nose 18 to the middle body component 28. For example,
the joint 20 may be a butt joint, a bevel lap splice joint, a half
lap joint, a lap joint, a square joint, a single bevel joint,
double bevel joint, single J joint, double J joint, single v joint,
double v joint, single U joint, double U joint, flange joint, tee
joint, flare joint, edge joint, rabbit joint, dado and any other
joint. In addition, the joint type may be modified to allow a gap
at regions in the joint. For example, a dado joint may be formed
where the fit is not square allowing gaps to form at the corner of
the dado. Similarly, a compound joint may be used, e.g., rabbit
joint transitioning to a butt joint transitioning to a bevel joint
(modified to have a gap in the fit) transitioning to a butt joint
and ending in a lap joint or rabbit joint. In addition the angle of
the joint need not be at 90 and 180 degrees. The joint angle may be
at any angle from 0-180 degrees and may vary along the joint. For
instance the joint may start at a 0 degree move to a +45 degree
angle transition to a -40 degree angle and conclude by tapering at
a 10 degree angle. The polymeric nose 18 typically has a wall
thickness between about 0.003 and about 0.200 inches and preferably
between about 0.005 and more preferably between about 0.150 inches
about 0.010 and about 0.050 inches. The middle body component 28 is
formed by molding a case joint 19 at one end and overmolding the
primer insert 32 at the other. A coupling element 30 extending from
a bottom surface 34 that is opposite a top surface 36. The middle
body component 28 overmolds the coupling element 30 of the insert
32. The coupling element 30, as shown, is configured as a male
element, however, all combinations of male and female
configurations are acceptable for coupling elements 30. Located in
the top surface 36 of the primer insert is a primer recess 38 that
extends toward the bottom surface 34. A primer flash aperture 40 is
located in the primer recess 38 and extends through the bottom
surface 34 into the interior of the middle body component 28 to
form a powder chamber 14. The coupling end 22 extends the polymer
through the primer flash aperture 40 to form an aperture coating 42
while retaining a passage from the top surface 36 through the
bottom surface 34 and into the powder chamber 14 to provide
support, communication and protection about the primer flash
aperture 40. The middle body component 28 extends through the flash
aperture 40 into the primer recess 38 and into a primer recess
groove 39. The middle body component 28 typically has a wall
thickness between about 0.002 and about 0.400 inches and between
0.003 and about 0.200 inches more preferably between about 0.005
and more preferably between about 0.150 inches about 0.010 and
about 0.050 inches. The projectile aperture 16, the middle body 28
and the overmolded bottom surface 34 define the interior of a
powder/propellant chamber 14 in which the powder charge (not shown)
is contained. The interior volume of powder/propellant chamber 14
may be varied to provide the desired volume of powder/propellant to
achieve the desired goal, e.g., fps, pressure, etc. Any
powder/propellant known to the skilled artisan can be used.
Generally, either a particulate or consolidated propellant is used.
The primer insert 32 also has a flange 46 and a primer recess 38
formed therein for ease of insertion of the primer (not shown). The
primer recess 38 is sized to receive a primer (not shown) in an
interference fit during assembly. A diffuser 50 may be placed
between the primer (not shown) and the bottom of the primer recess
38. The diffuser 50 includes a diffuser aperture 52 that aligns
with the primer flash aperture 40. The diffuser 50 is a device that
is used to divert the affects of the primer (not shown) off of the
polymer. The affects being the impact from igniting the primer as
far as pressure and heat to divert the energy of the primer off of
the polymer and directing it to the flash hole. The diffuser 50 may
be of any diameter, thickness and material. A primer flash hole 40
communicates through the bottom surface 34 of primer insert 32 into
the powder chamber 14 so that upon detonation of the primer (not
shown), the powder in the powder chamber 14 will be ignited. The
projectile (not shown) is held in place within the neck 26 at
forward the projectile aperture 16 by an interference fit,
mechanical crimping, adhesive, bonding welding, or etc. to increase
the bullet pull force.
FIG. 8 depicts a side, cross-sectional view of a portion of the
polymeric cartridge case having a diffuser according to one
embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 shows a portion of a
polymer casing 12 showing a powder chamber 14 and the primer insert
32. The primer insert 32 includes a coupling element 30 extending
from a bottom surface 34 that is opposite a top surface 36. Located
in the top surface 36 is a primer recess 38 that extends toward the
bottom surface 34. A primer flash aperture 40 is located in the
primer recess 38 and extends through the bottom surface 34 into the
powder chamber 14. The coupling end 22 extends the polymer over the
coupling element 30 and through the primer flash aperture 40 to
form an aperture coating 42 that retains the passage from the top
surface 36 through the bottom surface 34 and into the powder
chamber 14 while providing support and protection about the primer
flash aperture 40. When contacted the middle body component 28
interlocks with the coupling element 30 that extends with a taper
to a smaller diameter at the tip 44 and forms a physical interlock
between the primer insert 32 and middle body component 28. The
middle body component 28 extends through the flash aperture 40 into
the primer recess 38 into a primer recess groove 39 located around
the flash aperture 40 in the primer recess 38. Coupling end 22 is
shown as a female element, but may also be configured as a male
element in alternate embodiments of the invention. A diffuser 50
maybe placed in the primer recess against the primer recess groove
39 and the primer (not shown). The diffuser 50 includes a diffuser
aperture 52 and a diffuser aperture extension 54 that aligns with
the primer flash aperture 40. The diffuser 50 is a device that is
used to divert the affects of the primer (not shown) off of the
polymer. The affects being the impact from igniting the primer as
far as pressure and heat to divert the energy of the primer off of
the polymer and directing it to the flash hole. The diffuser 50 can
be between 0.004 to 0.010 inches in thickness and made from half
hard brass. For example, the diffuser 50 can be between 0.005
inches thick for a 5.56 diffuser 50. The OD of the diffuser for a
5.56 or 223 case is 0.173 and the ID is 0.080. The Diffuser could
be made of any material that can withstand the energy from the
ignition of the primer. This would include steel, stainless,
cooper, aluminum or even an engineered resin that was injection
molded or stamped. The Diffuser can be produce in T shape by
drawing the material with a stamping and draw die. In the T
Diffuser the center ring can be 0.005 to 0.010 tall and the OD is
0.090 and the ID 0.080.
FIGS. 9a-9h depict different embodiment of the diffuser of the
present invention.
The polymeric and composite casing components may be injection
molded. Polymeric materials for the bullet-end and middle body
components must have propellant compatibility and resistance to gun
cleaning solvents and grease, as well as resistance to chemical,
biological and radiological agents. The polymeric materials must
have a temperature resistance higher than the cook-off temperature
of the propellant, typically about 320.degree. F. The polymeric
materials must have elongation-to-break values that to resist
deformation under interior ballistic pressure as high as 60,000 psi
in all environments (temperatures from about -65 to about
320.degree. F. and humidity from 0 to 100% RH). According to one
embodiment, the middle body component is either molded onto or
snap-fit to the casing head-end component after which the
bullet-end component is snap-fit or interference fit to the middle
body component. The components may be formed from high-strength
polymer, composite or ceramic.
Examples of suitable high strength polymers include composite
polymer material including a tungsten metal powder, nylon 6/6,
nylon 6, and glass fibers; and a specific gravity in a range of
3-10. The tungsten metal powder may be 50%-96% of a weight of the
bullet body. The polymer material also includes about 0.5-15%,
preferably about 1-12%, and most preferably about 2-9% by weight,
of nylon 6/6, about 0.5-15%, preferably about 1-12%, and most
preferably about 2-9% by weight, of nylon 6, and about 0.5-15%,
preferably about 1-12%, and most preferably about 2-9% by weight,
of glass fibers. It is most suitable that each of these ingredients
be included in amounts less than 10% by weight. The cartridge
casing body may be made of a modified ZYTEL resin, available from
E.I. DuPont De Nemours Co., a modified 612 nylon resin, modified to
increase elastic response.
Examples of suitable polymers include polyurethane prepolymer,
cellulose, fluoro-polymer, ethylene inter-polymer alloy elastomer,
ethylene vinyl acetate, nylon, polyether imide, polyester
elastomer, polyester sulfone, polyphenyl amide, polypropylene,
polyvinylidene fluoride or thermoset polyurea elastomer, acrylics,
homopolymers, acetates, copolymers,
acrylonitrile-butadinen-styrene, thermoplastic fluoro polymers,
inomers, polyamides, polyamide-imides, polyacrylates,
polyatherketones, polyaryl-sulfones, polybenzimidazoles,
polycarbonates, polybutylene, terephthalates, polyether imides,
polyether sulfones, thermoplastic polyimides, thermoplastic
polyurethanes, polyphenylene sulfides, polyethylene, polypropylene,
polysulfones, polyvinylchlorides, styrene acrylonitriles,
polystyrenes, polyphenylene, ether blends, styrene maleic
anhydrides, polycarbonates, allyls, aminos, cyanates, epoxies,
phenolics, unsaturated polyesters, bismaleimides, polyurethanes,
silicones, vinylesters, or urethane hybrids. Examples of suitable
polymers also include aliphatic or aromatic polyamide,
polyeitherimide, polysulfone, polyphenylsulfone, poly-phenylene
oxide, liquid crystalline polymer and polyketone. Examples of
suitable composites include polymers such as polyphenylsulfone
reinforced with between about 30 and about 70 wt %, and preferably
up to about 65 wt % of one or more reinforcing materials selected
from glass fiber, ceramic fiber, carbon fiber, mineral fillers,
organo nanoclay, or carbon nanotube. Preferred reinforcing
materials, such as chopped surface-treated E-glass fibers provide
flow characteristics at the above-described loadings comparable to
unfilled polymers to provide a desirable combination of strength
and flow characteristics that permit the molding of head-end
components. Composite components can be formed by machining or
injection molding. Finally, the cartridge case must retain
sufficient joint strength at cook-off temperatures. More
specifically, polymers suitable for molding of the projectile-end
component have one or more of the following properties: Yield or
tensile strength at -65.degree. F.>10,000 psi
Elongation-to-break at -65.degree. F.>15% Yield or tensile
strength at 73.degree. F.>8,000 psi Elongation-to-break at
73.degree. F.>50% Yield or tensile strength at 320.degree.
F.>4,000 psi Elongation-to-break at 320.degree. F.>80%.
Polymers suitable for molding of the middle-body component have one
or more of the following properties: Yield or tensile strength at
-65.degree. F.>10,000 psi Yield or tensile strength at
73.degree. F.>8,000 psi Yield or tensile strength at 320.degree.
F.>4,000 psi.
Commercially available polymers suitable for use in the present
invention thus include polyphenylsulfones; copolymers of
polyphenylsulfones with polyether-sulfones or polysulfones;
copolymers and blends of polyphenylsulfones with polysiloxanes;
poly(etherimide-siloxane); copolymers and blends of polyetherimides
and polysiloxanes, and blends of polyetherimides and
poly(etherimide-siloxane) copolymers; and the like. Particularly
preferred are polyphenylsulfones and their copolymers with
poly-sulfones or polysiloxane that have high tensile strength and
elongation-to-break to sustain the deformation under high interior
ballistic pressure. Such polymers are commercially available, for
example, RADEL R5800 polyphenylesulfone from Solvay Advanced
Polymers. The polymer can be formulated with up to about 10 wt % of
one or more additives selected from internal mold release agents,
heat stabilizers, anti-static agents, colorants, impact modifiers
and UV stabilizers.
The polymers of the present invention can also be used for
conventional two-piece metal-plastic hybrid cartridge case designs
and conventional shotgun shell designs. One example of such a
design is an ammunition cartridge with a one-piece substantially
cylindrical polymeric cartridge casing body with an open
projectile-end and an end opposing the projectile-end with a male
or female coupling element; and a cylindrical metal cartridge
casing head-end component with an essentially closed base end with
a primer hole opposite an open end having a coupling element that
is a mate for the coupling element on the opposing end of the
polymeric cartridge casing body joining the open end of the
head-end component to the opposing end of the polymeric cartridge
casing body. The high polymer ductility permits the casing to
resist breakage.
One embodiment includes a 2 cavity prototype mold having an upper
portion and a base portion for a 5.56 case having a metal insert
over-molded with a Nylon 6 (polymer) based material. In this
embodiment the polymer in the base includes a lip or flange to
extract the case from the weapon. One 2-cavity prototype mold to
produce the upper portion of the 5.56 case can be made using a
stripper plate tool using an Osco hot spur and two subgates per
cavity. Another embodiment includes a subsonic version, the
difference from the standard and the subsonic version is the walls
are thicker thus requiring less powder. This will decrease the
velocity of the bullet thus creating a subsonic round.
The extracting inserts is used to give the polymer case a tough
enough ridge and groove for the weapons extractor to grab and pull
the case out the chamber of the gun. The extracting insert is made
of 17-4 ss that is hardened to 42-45rc. The insert may be made of
aluminum, brass, cooper, steel or even an engineered resin with
enough tensile strength.
The insert is over molded in an injection molded process using a
nano clay particle filled Nylon material. The inserts can be
machined or stamped. In addition, an engineered resin able to
withstand the demand on the insert allows injection molded and/or
even transfer molded.
One of ordinary skill in the art will know that many propellant
types and weights can be used to prepare workable ammunition and
that such loads may be determined by a careful trial including
initial low quantity loading of a given propellant and the well
known stepwise increasing of a given propellant loading until a
maximum acceptable load is achieved. Extreme care and caution is
advised in evaluating new loads. The propellants available have
various burn rates and must be carefully chosen so that a safe load
is devised.
The description of the preferred embodiments should be taken as
illustrating, rather than as limiting, the present invention as
defined by the claims. As will be readily appreciated, numerous
combinations of the features set forth above can be utilized
without departing from the present invention as set forth in the
claims. Such variations are not regarded as a departure from the
spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications are
intended to be included within the scope of the following
claims.
It is contemplated that any embodiment discussed in this
specification can be implemented with respect to any method, kit,
reagent, or composition of the invention, and vice versa.
Furthermore, compositions of the invention can be used to achieve
methods of the invention.
It will be understood that particular embodiments described herein
are shown by way of illustration and not as limitations of the
invention. The principal features of this invention can be employed
in various embodiments without departing from the scope of the
invention. Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to
ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, numerous
equivalents to the specific procedures described herein. Such
equivalents are considered to be within the scope of this invention
and are covered by the claims.
All publications and patent applications mentioned in the
specification are indicative of the level of skill of those skilled
in the art to which this invention pertains. All publications and
patent applications are herein incorporated by reference to the
same extent as if each individual publication or patent application
was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by
reference.
The use of the word "a" or "an" when used in conjunction with the
term "comprising" in the claims and/or the specification may mean
"one," but it is also consistent with the meaning of "one or more,"
"at least one," and "one or more than one." The use of the term
"or" in the claims is used to mean "and/or" unless explicitly
indicated to refer to alternatives only or the alternatives are
mutually exclusive, although the disclosure supports a definition
that refers to only alternatives and "and/or." Throughout this
application, the term "about" is used to indicate that a value
includes the inherent variation of error for the device, the method
being employed to determine the value, or the variation that exists
among the study subjects.
As used in this specification and claim(s), the words "comprising"
(and any form of comprising, such as "comprise" and "comprises"),
"having" (and any form of having, such as "have" and "has"),
"including" (and any form of including, such as "includes" and
"include") or "containing" (and any form of containing, such as
"contains" and "contain") are inclusive or open-ended and do not
exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps.
The term "or combinations thereof" as used herein refers to all
permutations and combinations of the listed items preceding the
term. For example, "A, B, C, or combinations thereof" is intended
to include at least one of: A, B, C, AB, AC, BC, or ABC, and if
order is important in a particular context, also BA, CA, CB, CBA,
BCA, ACB, BAC, or CAB. Continuing with this example, expressly
included are combinations that contain repeats of one or more item
or term, such as BB, AAA, MB, BBC, AAABCCCC, CBBAAA, CABABB, and so
forth. The skilled artisan will understand that typically there is
no limit on the number of items or terms in any combination, unless
otherwise apparent from the context.
All of the compositions and/or methods disclosed and claimed herein
can be made and executed without undue experimentation in light of
the present disclosure. While the compositions and methods of this
invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it
will be apparent to those of skill in the art that variations may
be applied to the compositions and/or methods and in the steps or
in the sequence of steps of the method described herein without
departing from the concept, spirit and scope of the invention. All
such similar substitutes and modifications apparent to those
skilled in the art are deemed to be within the spirit, scope and
concept of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
* * * * *
References