U.S. patent application number 11/307304 was filed with the patent office on 2007-09-20 for systems and methods for deploying electrodes for electronic weaponry.
This patent application is currently assigned to Milan Cerovic. Invention is credited to Milan Cerovic, David K. DuBay, Magne H. Nerheim.
Application Number | 20070214993 11/307304 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 37583747 |
Filed Date | 2007-09-20 |
United States Patent
Application |
20070214993 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Cerovic; Milan ; et
al. |
September 20, 2007 |
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DEPLOYING ELECTRODES FOR ELECTRONIC
WEAPONRY
Abstract
An electronic weapon impedes locomotion by a target by
conducting a current through an electrode and through the target to
produce contractions in skeletal muscles of the target that impede
locomotion by the target. The weapon may include a deployment unit
to deploy one or more electrodes away from the apparatus toward the
target. The deployment unit may include an electrically fired
primer, a first cavity, a second cavity, and a partition. The first
cavity may include a pyrotechnic charge that produces a gas at an
increasing pressure when ignited by the primer. The partition
between the first cavity and the second cavity opens, in response
to the pressure increasing to a threshold magnitude in the first
cavity, to propel the electrode from the second cavity by a sudden
release of the pressure.
Inventors: |
Cerovic; Milan; (Scottsdale,
AZ) ; Nerheim; Magne H.; (Paradise Valley, AZ)
; DuBay; David K.; (Casper, WY) |
Correspondence
Address: |
TASER INTERNATIONAL, INC.
17800 N. 85TH STREET
SCOTTSDALE
AZ
85255-9603
US
|
Assignee: |
Cerovic; Milan
Scottsdale
AZ
Nerheim; Magne H.
Paradise Valley
AZ
DuBay; David K.
Phoenix
AZ
|
Family ID: |
37583747 |
Appl. No.: |
11/307304 |
Filed: |
January 31, 2006 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60716809 |
Sep 13, 2005 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
102/502 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F41H 13/0025 20130101;
F41H 13/0087 20130101; F41H 13/0018 20130101; F41A 17/066 20130101;
H05C 1/06 20130101; F41A 17/063 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
102/502 |
International
Class: |
F42B 14/06 20060101
F42B014/06; F42B 10/00 20060101 F42B010/00 |
Claims
1. A deployment unit for use with a provided electronic weapon to
deploy a provided electrode, the deployment unit comprising: an
electrically fired primer; a first cavity comprising a pyrotechnic
charge that produces a gas at an increasing pressure when ignited
by the primer, the gas contained by the first cavity for a period
of time; a second cavity; and a partition between the first cavity
and the second cavity that opens in response to the pressure
increasing to a threshold magnitude, to propel the electrode from
the second cavity by a sudden release of the pressure.
2. An electronic weapon for conducting a current through a target,
the weapon comprising: the deployment unit of claim 1; a relatively
low voltage circuit for operating the primer; and a relatively high
voltage circuit that provides the current through the electrode to
produce contractions in skeletal muscles of the target that impede
locomotion by the target.
3. A method performed by an apparatus for impeding locomotion by a
target, the method comprising: increasing a pressure of a first
cavity of the apparatus; in response to the first pressure reaching
a threshold magnitude, increasing fluid communication between the
first cavity and a second cavity of the apparatus; and in response
to the increased fluid communication, deploying an electrode from
the second cavity away from the apparatus; and conducting a current
through the electrode and through the target to produce
contractions in skeletal muscles of a target that impede locomotion
by the target.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein increasing a pressure of the first
cavity comprises releasing a gas into the first cavity.
5. The method of claim 3 wherein increasing a pressure of the first
cavity comprises igniting a pyrotechnic charge in the first
cavity.
6. The method of claim 3 wherein increasing fluid communication
comprises rupturing a partition between the first cavity and the
second cavity.
7. The method of claim 3 wherein increasing fluid communication
comprises causing a seal between the first cavity and the second
cavity to fail.
8. A method performed by a deployment unit of an electronic weapon,
the deployment unit having an electrode, a first cavity, and a
second cavity, the method comprising: increasing a pressure of the
first cavity; in response to the first pressure reaching a
threshold magnitude, increasing fluid communication between the
first cavity and the second cavity; and in response to the
increased fluid communication, deploying the electrode from the
second cavity.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein increasing a pressure of the first
cavity comprises releasing a gas into the first cavity.
10. The method of claim 8 wherein increasing a pressure of the
first cavity comprises igniting a pyrotechnic charge in the first
cavity.
11. The method of claim 8 wherein increasing fluid communication
comprises rupturing a partition between the first cavity and the
second cavity.
12. The method of claim 8 wherein increasing fluid communication
comprises causing a seal between the first cavity and the second
cavity to fail.
13. A deployment unit for use with a provided electronic weapon to
deploy a provided electrode, the deployment unit comprising: a
first cavity that contains a fluid for a period of time; a second
cavity; means for increasing a differential fluid pressure between
the first cavity and the second cavity; and a partition between the
first cavity and the second cavity that opens in response to the
pressure increasing to a threshold magnitude, to propel the
electrode from the second cavity by a sudden release of the
pressure.
14. The deployment unit of claim 13 wherein the deployment unit
cooperates with the electronic weapon as a magazine having a
plurality of electrodes for a plurality of independent deployment
operations, each deployment operation deploying a particular
electrode of the plurality of electrodes.
15. The deployment unit of claim 13 wherein the second cavity
comprises a pair of electrodes propelled by the sudden release of
pressure.
16. The deployment unit of claim 13 for producing contractions in
skeletal muscles of a target to impede locomotion by the target,
the electrode for conducting a current through the target, the
deployment unit further comprising a tether wire that conducts the
current from the electronic weapon to the electrode.
17. The deployment unit of claim 13 wherein the fluid comprises a
gas.
18. The deployment unit of claim 13 wherein release comprises fluid
communication from the first cavity to the second cavity.
19. The deployment unit of claim 13 wherein the partition opens by
being ruptured.
20. The deployment unit of claim 13 wherein the partition opens by
failing to maintain a seal between the first cavity and the second
cavity.
21. The deployment unit of claim 13 wherein the partition comprises
a thin sheet.
22. The deployment unit of claim 21 wherein the sheet has a
thickness of from about 0.001 inch to about 0.004 inch.
23. The deployment unit of claim 13 wherein the partition comprises
a disc.
24. The deployment unit of claim 13 wherein the disc has a
thickness of from about 0.001 inch to about 0.004 inch.
25. The deployment unit of claim 13 wherein the partition comprises
a seal.
26. The deployment unit of claim 13 wherein the means for
increasing comprises a gas released into the first cavity.
27. The deployment unit of claim 13 wherein the means for
increasing comprises a gas generated in the first cavity.
28. The deployment unit of claim 13 wherein the means for
increasing comprises a pyrotechnic charge in the first cavity.
29. The deployment unit of claim 13 wherein: the deployment unit
propels a plurality of provided electrodes comprising the
electrode; and the second cavity comprises a manifold to propel the
plurality of electrodes.
30. The deployment unit of claim 29 wherein the second cavity is
bounded by plastic and the manifold comprises metal.
31. An electronic weapon comprising the deployment unit of claim
13.
32. An electronic weapon for conducting a current through a target,
the weapon comprising: the deployment unit of claim 13; a
relatively low voltage circuit for operating the means for
increasing; and a relatively high voltage circuit that provides the
current through the electrode to produce contractions in skeletal
muscles of the target that impede locomotion by the target.
33. An electronic weapon for conducting a current through a target,
the weapon comprising: a staging cavity; a delivery cavity
comprising a manifold coupled to a plurality of delivery tubes; a
gas that increases a differential fluid pressure between the first
cavity and the second cavity; and a partition, comprising a thin
sheet, between the staging cavity and the delivery cavity that
opens in response to the pressure increasing to a threshold
magnitude, to propel from each delivery tube an electrode to the
target by a sudden release of the pressure; a relatively low
voltage circuit that enables release of the gas into the staging
cavity for increasing the pressure; and a relatively high voltage
circuit that provides the current through the electrode to produce
contractions in skeletal muscles of the target that impede
locomotion by the target.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Patent Application 60/716,809 filed Sep. 13, 2005 by Nerheim, et
al., incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Embodiments of the present invention relate to weaponry
including electronic control devices.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Conventional electronic weaponry includes, for example,
contact stun devices, batons, shields, stun guns, hand guns,
rifles, mortars, grenades, projectiles, mines, and area protection
devices among other apparatus generally suitable for ensuring
compliance with security and law enforcement. This type of weaponry
when used against a human or animal target causes an electric
current to flow through part of the target's tissue to interfere
with the target's use of its skeletal muscles. All or part of an
electronic circuit may be propelled toward the target. In an
important application of electronic weaponry, terrorists may be
stopped in assaults and prevented from completing acts involving
force to gain unlawful control of facilities, equipment, operators,
innocent citizens, and law enforcement personnel. In other
important applications of electronic weaponry, suspects may be
arrested by law enforcement officers, and the cooperation of
persons in custody may be maintained by security officers. An
electronic weapon generally includes a circuit that generates a
stimulus signal and one or more electrodes. In operation, for
example to stop a terrorist act, the electrodes are propelled from
the electronic weaponry toward the person to be stopped or
controlled. After impact, a pulsing electric current is conducted
between the electrodes sufficient for interfering with the person's
use of his or her skeletal muscles. Interference may include
involuntary, repeated, intense, muscle contractions at a rate of 5
to 20 contractions per second.
[0004] Research has shown that the intensity of the muscle
contractions and the extent of the body affected with muscle
contractions depend on several factors including the extent of the
body conducting, charged, or discharged by the pulsing electric
current. The extent is generally greater with increased distance
between the electrodes. A minimum suitable distance is typically
about 7 inches. Prior to propulsion, electrodes are typically
stored much closer together and spread apart in flight toward the
target. It is desirable to improve the accuracy with which the
electrodes strike the target.
[0005] Conventional electronic weaponry has limited application,
limited useful range, and limited accuracy. Without the present
invention, more accurate and reliable electronic weaponry having
longer range, and multiple functionality cannot be produced within
existing economic limitations.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] An apparatus for use by an electronic weapon, according to
various aspects of the present invention, includes a body, an
electrode storage cavity in the body, and a cover for covering the
cavity. The cover includes a first door joined to a second door,
each door having a hook. The cover is coupled to the body by the
respective hooks. To uncover the cavity, the first door disjoins
from the second door before the first door disjoins from its
hook.
[0007] Another apparatus further includes a ram to make impact with
the cover to disjoin the first door from the second door.
[0008] In another apparatus, the ram abuts an electrode stored in
the cavity so that the electrode drives the ram into contact with
the cover. For a period of time when the ram is in contact with the
cover, the electrode is not in contact with the cover.
[0009] Another apparatus for use by an electronic weapon, according
to various aspects of the present invention, includes a body, an
electrode within a cavity of the body, a cover that covers the
cavity, and a ram. The ram is located within the cavity to make
impact with the cover to uncover the cavity.
[0010] Use of the hooks and ram provides more repeatable opening of
the cavity and more uniform propulsion and direction of the
electrodes. Consequently, greater accuracy results.
[0011] Another apparatus, according to various aspects of the
present invention, for use by a provided electronic weapon that
deploys an electrode away from the weapon, includes a body, an
electrode storage cavity in the body, a terminal, and a barrier.
The terminal conducts current in a circuit with the electronic
weapon, the terminal, and a provided electrode. The electrode is
located in the cavity prior to deployment. The barrier interferes
with conduction of current in the circuit, the interference effect
of the barrier being reduced during deployment of the
electrode.
[0012] In another apparatus, the barrier includes a joined
plurality of segments that are disjoined during deployment of the
electrode. Still another apparatus further includes a ram that
during deployment of the electrode makes impact with the barrier to
disjoin at least two segments of the plurality. In yet another
apparatus, the terminal conducts the current via ionized air
between the terminal and the electronic weapon.
[0013] Another apparatus, according to various aspects of the
present invention, uses the terminals and barrier discussed above
and provides a local stun function and a remote stun function
without physical reconfiguration.
[0014] Another apparatus for use by a provided electronic weapon
that deploys an electrode away from the weapon, according to
various aspects of the present invention, includes an electrode, a
first cavity enclosing a first volume having a first pressure, and
a second cavity enclosing a second volume having a second pressure.
The electrode is located in the second cavity. In operation of the
apparatus, increasing a differential magnitude between the first
pressure and the second pressure is accomplished without change in
a capacity for fluid coupling between the first cavity and the
second cavity. After a threshold differential magnitude has been
obtained, the capacity for fluid coupling between the first cavity
and the second cavity is increased. Propulsion of the electrode
dissipates an energy of the second volume and the second
pressure.
[0015] Another apparatus further includes a partition and/or a seal
for interfering with fluid coupling between the first cavity and
the second cavity until ruptured and/or unsealed to relieve the
threshold differential magnitude.
[0016] Still another apparatus further includes a second electrode
and a manifold. The second cavity has a first delivery tube and a
second delivery tube. The first electrode is located in the first
delivery tube, while the second electrode is located in the second
delivery tube. The manifold provides fluid communication from the
first cavity to the first delivery tube, and from the first cavity
to the second delivery tube. In yet another apparatus, the delivery
tubes are formed in plastic and the manifold is made of metal.
[0017] By limiting fluid communication until a threshold
differential magnitude is reached, more uniform propulsion of
electrodes from the delivery cavities results. Consequently,
greater accuracy is obtained.
[0018] Another apparatus for use by a provided electronic weapon
that deploys an electrode away from the weapon, according to
various aspects of the present invention, includes a propulsion
system for propelling the electrode, a conductive tether that
maintains the electrode in electrical communication with the
weapon, an interface to the weapon comprising a conductor that
receives a relatively low voltage signal to activate the propulsion
system, and a spark gap for conducting a relatively high voltage
signal from the weapon to the tether. The interface is electrically
isolated from the spark gap.
[0019] Another apparatus has a front face and a rear face wherein
the rear face comprises the interface and the front face comprises
the spark gap.
[0020] Another apparatus for use by a provided electronic weapon,
according to various aspects of the present invention deploys an
electrode away from the weapon. The apparatus includes a propulsion
system for propelling the electrode, a conductive tether that
maintains the electrode in electrical communication with the
weapon, a low voltage interface, and a high voltage interface. The
low voltage interface to the weapon includes a conductor that
receives a relatively low voltage signal to activate the propulsion
system. The high voltage interface to the weapon includes a
conductor that receives a relatively high voltage signal for the
tether. The low voltage interface is electrically isolated from the
high voltage interface.
[0021] By not using high voltage energy for activating the
propulsion system, the inefficiencies of generating high voltage
energy are not encountered for the energy needed to activate the
propulsion system. Longer periods between charging rechargeable
batteries in a weapon using this technique results.
[0022] An electronic weapon, according to various aspects of the
present invention, includes a receiver that receives a provided
deployment unit, and a terminal. The deployment unit includes a
tether coupled to an electrode. The tethered electrode is to be
launched away from the weapon. The terminal before launching
conducts a stimulus signal from the terminal through a portion of
tissue of the target proximate to the terminal (e.g., a local stun
function). The terminal after launching conducts the stimulus
signal through the tether to the electrode when the electrode is
away from the weapon.
[0023] An electronic weapon system, according to various aspects of
the present invention, includes a terminal for a local stun
function, and a deployment unit for one or more remote stun
functions with one or more targets. The deployment unit does not
interfere with use of the local stun function.
[0024] Because suitable separation of the electrodes is
accomplished in flight, a target that advances toward the operator
may not be suitable for a remote stun function. The terminal
provides a local stun function without removal of the deployment
unit from the weapon system.
[0025] An electronic weapon system, according to various aspects of
the present invention, includes a terminal and a body. The terminal
is for a local stun function. The body has a face for limiting
contact between the terminal and the target for the local stun
function. The terminal is recessed behind a plane defined by points
of contact between the face and the target for the local stun
function.
[0026] Conduction in a large area of tissue tends to burn more than
conduction between an arc to the tissue. Recessing the electrode
makes formation of an arc to the target more likely. Reduced risk
of injury of the target results.
[0027] According to various aspects of the present invention, an
apparatus is used by a provided electronic weapon and is removed
from the weapon after use by the weapon. The apparatus includes an
electrode launched away from the weapon. The apparatus further
includes an indicator having indicia for automatic detection by the
weapon. In various embodiments, the indicia indicate to the weapon
any one or more of the following: a capability of the apparatus, an
incapability of the apparatus, a range of an electrode of the
apparatus, a model identifier of the apparatus, a date of
manufacture of the apparatus, a serial number of the apparatus, and
an installation orientation of the apparatus. The apparatus may
include in any combination: an impedance and/or magnetic
permeability in accordance with the indicia, a source of magnetic
flux in accordance with the indicia, a magnitude of flux in
accordance with the indicia, a position of flux in accordance with
the indicia, and/or a light reflectance in accordance with the
indicia.
[0028] The apparatus may further include an antenna and
communication circuitry for communicating and/or storing the
indicia. The apparatus may further include a memory from which the
indicia are read.
[0029] Data communication between an apparatus discussed above and
an electronic weapon's launch device improves system reliability
when inappropriate combinations of launch device and apparatus are
detected by the launch device. Notice may be given to an operator
to correct unintended combinations. Automatic accommodation of the
characteristics of the apparatus by the launch device may result
with commensurate improvements in accuracy and effectiveness of the
weapon. Based on such communication, the launch device may select
which of several cartridges of a deployment device to use. Multiple
applications may be addressed with a single launch device.
[0030] An apparatus for use by a provided electronic weapon and for
removal from the weapon after use by the weapon, according to
various aspects of the present invention includes: an electrode
launched away from the weapon, and a memory that stores information
received from the weapon.
[0031] The information may include any of the following: an
identification of an operator of the weapon with the apparatus, an
identification and/or description of the weapon used with the
apparatus, a time and/or place of use of the weapon with the
apparatus, video, audio, or data suitable to the application.
[0032] By associating recorded information with the apparatus as
opposed to association with the weapon, a potentially greater
quantity and variety of recorded information may be obtained in a
complex application. Greater utility of the weapon and apparatus
result.
[0033] Another apparatus for use by an electronic weapon, according
to various aspects of the present invention, includes a body, and
an electrode storage cavity in the body. The weapon has a first
axis for aiming the weapon at a desired target. The apparatus
further includes a wire storage cavity in the body. The electrode
storage cavity has a second axis along which the electrode will be
propelled. The second axis differs from the first axis to
compensate for a drag force of provided wire supplied from the wire
storage cavity.
[0034] Another apparatus for use by an electronic weapon, according
to various aspects of the present invention, includes a body, a
generally cylindrical storage cavity in the body for storing a
provided electrode, and a wire storage cavity in the body. The
weapon has a first axis for aiming the weapon at a desired target.
The storage cavity has an axis of cylindrical symmetry. The storage
cavity has a variation in radius to compensate for a drag force of
provided wire supplied from the wire storage cavity.
[0035] Use of axis compensation and/or variation in radius improves
accuracy of propelled electrodes.
[0036] Any apparatus as discussed above may be implemented as a
deployment unit having any suitable number of deployable
electrodes, terminals, cartridges, and indicators.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
[0037] Embodiments of the present invention will now be further
described with reference to the drawing, wherein like designations
denote like elements, and:
[0038] FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of an electronic weapon
system according to various aspects of the present invention;
[0039] FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of another electronic
weapon system according to various aspects of the present
invention;
[0040] FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of a launch device and
a deployment unit according to various aspects of the present
invention;
[0041] FIG. 4 is a is a front plan view of a weapon with two
cartridges according to various aspects of the present
invention;
[0042] FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of a cartridge for use
with the weapon of FIG. 1, 2, 3, or 4;
[0043] FIG. 6 is a cross section view of a cartridge of the type
described in FIG. 5;
[0044] FIG. 7 is a perspective plan view of another cartridge
according to various aspects of the present invention;
[0045] FIG. 8 is a perspective plan view of yet another cartridge
according to various aspects of the present invention; and
[0046] FIG. 9 is an expanded view of a portion of FIG. 8.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0047] Greater utility and improved accuracy of electronic weapon
systems can be obtained by eliminating several problems exhibited
by conventional electronic weapon systems. A conventional
electronic weapon may perform a contact (or proximate) stun
function (herein called a local stun function) of subduing an
animal or person (herein called a target) by abutting (or bringing
proximate) at least two terminals of the weapon to the skin or
clothing of the target. Another conventional electronic weapon may
perform a remote stun function of subduing a target by launching
one or more wire tethered electrodes from the weapon to the target
so that the electrodes are proximate to or impale the skin or
clothing of the target. In either the local stun function or the
remote stun function, an electric circuit is formed for passing a
pulsing current through a portion of the tissue of the target to
interfere with skeletal muscle control by the target. When a
terminal or an electrode is proximate to the tissue of the target,
an arc is formed in the air to complete a circuit for current to
flow through the tissue of the target.
[0048] An electronic weapon system according to various aspects of
the present invention may perform alternatively the local stun
function and the remote stun function without operator intervention
to mechanically reconfigure the electronic weapon system. The local
stun function may be available at a front face of any loaded,
spent, or unspent cartridge. Multiple unspent cartridges may be
loaded individually, by a clip, or by a magazine prior to use of
the electronic weapon system to provide multiple operations of the
remote stun function.
[0049] Electrodes, tether wires, and a propellant system are
conventionally packaged as a cartridge that is mounted on the
electronic weapon to form an electronic weapon system for a single
remote stun use. After deployment of the electrodes, the spent
cartridge is removed from the electronic weapon and replaced with
another cartridge. A cartridge may include several electrodes
launched at once as a set, launched at various times as sets, or
individually launched. A cartridge may have several sets of
electrodes each for independent launch in a manner similar to a
magazine.
[0050] An electronic weapon system according to various aspects of
the present invention maintains several cartridges ready for use.
If, for example, a first attempted remote stun function is not
successful (e.g., an electrode misses the target or the electrodes
short together), a second cartridge may be used without operator
intervention to mechanically reconfigure the electronic weapon
system. Several cartridges may be mounted simultaneously (e.g., as
a clip or magazine), or sequentially (e.g., any cartridge may be
removed and replaced independently of the other cartridges).
[0051] Accuracy of a remote stun function is dependent on, among
other things, a repeatable trajectory of each electrode launched
away from the electronic weapon. A conventional cartridge includes
a delivery cavity for holding the electrode prior to delivery and
for guiding the electrode during the early moments of deployment.
Deployment is conventionally accomplished by a sudden release of
gas (e.g., pyrotechnic gas production or rupture of a cylinder of
compressed gas). The electrode and the delivery cavity are kept
free of contamination by being tightly covered. When the electrode
is deployed, it pulls its wire tether from a wire store so that the
wire tether extends behind the electrode to the weapon during
flight.
[0052] Cartridges, according to various aspects of the present
invention, exhibit improved accuracy by providing a more repeatable
opening of the covered delivery cavity and/or compensation for drag
due to the wire tether. Compensation may be accomplished by
orienting the axis of the delivery cavity in a preferred direction
and/or using a particular shape for the delivery cavity.
[0053] A conventional cartridge may be constructed to provide a
suitable range of effective distance. The range of effective
distance provides a suitable spread of electrodes (e.g., greater
than about 6 inches (15 cm)) on impact with the target when the
target exists at a specified range of distances from the weapon
(e.g., from about 6 to about 15 feet (2 m to 5 m)).
[0054] An electronic weapon system, according to various aspects of
the present invention, supports use of a set of cartridges each
having a different range of effective distance in part due to each
cartridge (or magazine) providing to the weapon various indicia of
its capabilities (or codes from which capabilities may be
determined). A cartridge, a clip, and a magazine are particular
examples of apparatus generally referred to herein as a deployment
unit. The electronic weapon system may be operated to launch a
particular cartridge (or particular electrode set of a cartridge
having several sets of electrodes) suitable for a particular
application of the remote stun function.
[0055] Greater utility and/or improved accuracy as discussed above
are accomplished by an electronic weapon system constructed and
operated according to various aspects of the present invention. For
example, electronic weapon systems may be constructed in accordance
with one or more of FIGS. 1 through 9. In particular, for clarity
of presentation, consider electronic weapon system 100 of FIG. 1.
Electronic weapon system 100 includes launch device 102 cooperating
with a set (or plurality) 106 of cartridges 108 (110) that may be
mounted to launch device individually or as a set, for example, in
one or more clips 104. Set 106 may include 2 or more cartridges
(e.g., 3, 4, 5, 6, or more). When each cartridge is spent, the
cartridge may be replaced individually. Cartridges in set 106 may
be identical or may vary (e.g., inter alia in capabilities,
manufacturer, manufacturing date).
[0056] Launch device 102 communicates with each cartridge 108 (110)
of set 106 via an interface 107. Launch device 102 provides power,
launch control signals, and stimulus signals to each cartridge.
Various ones of these signals may be in common or (preferably)
unique to each cartridge. Each cartridge 108 (110) provides signals
to launch device 102 that convey indicia, for example, of
capabilities, as discussed above and further below.
[0057] A launch device includes any device for operating one or
more deployment units. A launch device may be packaged as a contact
stun device, baton, shield, stun gun, hand gun, rifle, mortar,
grenade, projectile, mine, or area protection device. For example,
a gun type launch device may be hand-held by an operator to operate
one or more cartridges at a time from a set or magazine of
cartridges. A mine type launch device (also called an area denial
device) may be remotely operated (or operated by a sensor such as a
trip wire) to launch one or more cartridges substantially
simultaneously. A grenade type launch device may be operated from a
timer to launch one or more cartridges substantially
simultaneously. A projectile type launch device may be operated
from a timer or target sensor to launch plural electrode sets at
multiple targets.
[0058] A cartridge includes one or more wire tethered electrodes, a
wire store for each electrode, and a propellant. The thin wire is
sometimes referred to as a filament. Upon installation to launch
device 102 of a deployment unit having a cartridge, launch device
102 determines the capabilities of at least one and preferably all
cartridges of the deployment unit. Launch device 102 may write
information to be stored by the cartridge (e.g., inter alia,
identity of the launch device, identity of the operator,
configuration of the launch device, GPS position of the launch
device, date/time, primary function performed).
[0059] On operation of a control 120 of launch device 102, launch
device 102 provides a stimulus signal for a local stun function. On
operation of another control 120 of launch device 102, launch
device 102 provides a launch signal to one or more cartridges of a
deployment unit 104 to be launched and may provide a stimulus
signal to each cartridge to be used for a remote stun function.
Determination of which cartridge(s) to launch may be accomplished
by launch device 102 with reference to capabilities of the
installed cartridges and/or operation of controls by an operator.
According to various aspects of the present invention, the launch
signal has a voltage substantially less than a voltage of the
stimulus signal; and, the launch signal and stimulus signal may be
provided simultaneously or independently according to controls 120
of launch device 102 and/or according to a configuration of launch
device 102.
[0060] A cartridge includes any expendable package having one or
more wire tethered electrodes. As such, a magazine or a clip is a
type of cartridge. According to various aspects of the present
invention, cartridge 108 (110) of FIG. 1 includes an interface 107
for signals 132 (134), a contactor 112, a propellant 114, an
indicator 116, and a memory 118. In another implementation,
indicator 116 is omitted and memory 118 performs functions of
providing any or all of the indications discussed below with
reference to indicator 116. In another implementation, memory 118
is omitted for decreasing the cost and complexity of the
cartridge.
[0061] Interface 107 supports communication in any conventional
manner and as discussed herein. Interface 107 may include
mechanical and/or electrical structures for communication.
Communication may include transmitting and/or receiving radio
frequency signals, conducting electrical signals (e.g., connectors,
spark gaps), supporting magnetic circuits, and passing optical
signals.
[0062] A contactor brings the stimulus signal into proximity or
contact with tissue of the target (e.g., an animal or person).
Contactor 112 performs both the local stun function and the remote
stun function as discussed above. For the remote stun function,
contactor 112 includes electrodes that are propelled by propellant
114 away from cartridge 108. Contactor 112 provides electrical
continuity between a stimulus signal generator in launch device 102
and terminals for the local stun function. Contractor 112 also
provides electrical continuity between the stimulus signal
generator in launch device 102 and the captive end of the wire
tether for each electrode for the remote stun function. Contactor
112 receives stimulus control signals 132 from interface 107 and
may further include a stimulus signal generator.
[0063] A propellant propels electrodes away from cartridge 108. For
example, propellant 114 may include a compressed gas container that
is opened to drive electrodes via expanding gas escaping the
container. Propellant 114 may in addition or alternatively include
conventional pyrotechnic gas generation capability (e.g., gun
powder, a smokeless pistol powder). Preferably, propellant 114
includes an electrically enabled pyrotechnic primer that operates
at a relatively low voltage (e.g., less than 1000 volts) compared
to the stimulus signal delivered via contactor 112.
[0064] An indicator includes any apparatus that provides
information to a launch device. An indicator cooperates with a
launch device for automatic communication of indicia conveying
information from the indicator to the launch device. Information
may be communicated in any conventional manner including sourcing a
signal by the indicator or modulating by the indicator a signal
sourced by the launch device. Information may be conveyed by any
conventional property of the communicated signal. For example,
indicator 116 may include a passive electrical, magnetic, or
optical circuit or component to affect an electrical charge,
current, electric field, magnetic field, magnetic flux, or
radiation (e.g., light) sourced by launch device 102. Presence (or
absence) of the charge, current, field, flux, or radiation at a
particular time or times may be used to convey information via
interface 107. Relative position of the indicator with respect to
detectors in launch device 102 may convey information. In various
implementations, the indicator may include one or more of any of
the following: resistances, capacitances, inductances, magnets,
magnetic shunts, resonant circuits, filters, optical fiber,
reflective surfaces, and memory devices.
[0065] In one implementation, indicator 116 includes a conventional
passive radio frequency identification tag circuit (e.g., having an
antenna or operating as an antenna). In another implementation,
indicator 116 includes a mirrored surface or lens that diverts
light sourced by launch device 102 to predetermined locations of
detectors or sensitive areas in launch device 102. In another
implementation, indicator 116 includes a magnet, the position and
polarity thereof being detected by launch device 102 (e.g., via one
or more reed switches). In still another implementation, indicator
116 includes one or more portions of a magnetic circuit, the
presence and/or relative position of which are detectable by the
remainder of the magnetic circuit in launch device 102. In another
implementation, indicator 116 is coupled to launch device 102 by a
conventional connector (e.g., pin and socket). Indicator 116 may
include an impedance through which a current provided by launch
device 102 passes. This latter approach is preferred for simplicity
but may be less reliable in contaminated environments.
[0066] Indicator 116 in various embodiments includes any
combination of the above communication technologies. Indicator 116
may communicate using analog and/or digital techniques. When more
than one bit of information is to be conveyed, communication may be
in serial, time multiplexed, frequency multiplexed, or communicated
in parallel (e.g., multiple technologies or multiple channels of
the same technology).
[0067] The information indicated by indicator 116 may be
communicated in a coded manner (e.g., an analog value conveys a
numerical code, a communicated value conveys an index into a table
in the launch device that more fully describes the meaning of the
code). The information may include a description of cartridge 108,
including for example, the quantity of uses (e.g., one, plural,
quantity remaining) available from this cartridge (e.g., may
correspond to the quantity of electrode pairs in the cartridge), a
range of effective distance for each remote stun use, whether or
not the cartridge is ready for a next remote stun use (e.g.,
indication of a fully spent cartridge), a range of effective
distance for all or the next remote stun use, a manufacturer of the
cartridge, a date of manufacture of the cartridge, a capability of
the cartridge, an incapability of the cartridge, a cartridge model
identifier, a serial number of the cartridge, a compatibility with
a model of launch device, an installation orientation of the
cartridge (e.g., where plural orientations may be used with
different capabilities (e.g., effective distances) in each
orientation), and/or any value(s) stored in memory 118 (e.g.,
stored at the manufacturer, stored by any launch device upon
installation of the cartridge with that particular launch
device).
[0068] A memory includes any analog or digital information storage
device. For example, memory 118 may include any conventional
nonvolatile semiconductor, magnetic, or optical memory. Memory 118
may include any information as discussed above and may further
include any software to be performed by launch device 102. Software
may include a driver for this particular cartridge to facilitate
suitable (e.g., plug and play) operation of indicator 116,
propellant 114, and/or contactor 112. Such functionality may
include a stimulus signal particular to the use the cartridge is
supplied to fulfill. For example, one launch device may be
compatible with four types of cartridges: military, law
enforcement, commercial security, and civilian personal defense,
and apply a particular launch control signal or stimulus signal in
accordance with software read from memory 118.
[0069] Another embodiment of an electronic weapon system according
to various aspects of the present invention operates with a
magazine as discussed above. For example, electronic weapon system
200 of FIG. 2 includes launch device 202 cooperating with magazine
204. Signals in interface 232 between launch device 202 and
magazine 204 may be identical, substantially similar, or analogous
to communication between a launch device and a cartridge as
discussed above with reference to FIG. 1.
[0070] A magazine provides mechanical support and may further
provide communication support for a plurality of cartridges. For
example, magazine 204 includes plurality of cartridges 206 having
cartridge 208 through 210, indicator 216 and memory 218. Cartridge
208 comprising contactor 212 and propellant 214 may be identical in
structure and function to cartridge 108 discussed above except that
indicator 116 and memory 118 are omitted. Indicator 216 performs
functions with respect to magazine 204 and its cartridges 206 that
are analogous to the functions of indicator 116 discussed above
with respect to cartridge 108. Memory 218 performs functions with
respect to magazine 204 and its cartridges 206 that are analogous
to the functions of memory 118 discussed above with respect to
cartridge 108. Indicator 216 and/or memory 218 may store or convey
information regarding multiple installations, cartridges, and uses.
For example, since magazine 204 may be reloaded with cartridges and
installed/removed/reinstalled on several launch devices, the date,
time, description of cartridge, and description of launch device
may be detected, indicated, stored, and/or recalled when change is
detected or at a suitable time (e.g., recorded at time of use for a
remote stun function). The quantity of uses may be recorded to
facilitate periodic maintenance, warranty coverage, failure
analysis, or replacement.
[0071] An electronic weapon system according to various aspects of
the present invention may include independent electrical interfaces
for launch control and stimulus signaling. The launch control
interface to a single shot cartridge may include one signal and
ground. The launch control signal may be a relatively low voltage
binary signal. The stimulus signal may be independently available
for local stun functions without and with a cartridge installed in
the launch device. The stimulus signal may be available for remote
stun functions after the cartridge propellant has been activated.
For example, electronic weapon system 300 of FIG. 3 includes a
launch device 302 and a deployment unit comprising any number of
cartridges 304 (one shown for clarity of presentation).
[0072] Launch device 302 includes processor 312, controls 314,
stimulator 316, launch circuit 318, detector 320, terminals 324 and
325. Cartridge 304 includes cover 306, propellant 340, electrodes
342 and 343, rams 344 and 345, wire stores 346 and 347, terminals
348 and 349, electrical interface 360, and indicator 362. These
components cooperate to provide all of the functions discussed
above. Other combinations of less than all of these functions may
be implemented according to the present invention.
[0073] A processor includes any circuit for performing functions in
accordance with a stored program. For example, processor 312 may
include memory and a conventional sequential machine that executes
microcode, or assembly language instructions from memory. A
microprocessor, microcontroller, application specific integrated
circuit, or digital signal processor may be used.
[0074] Launch device 302 in various forms as discussed above
includes controls operated by the target (e.g., an area denial
device), by an operator (e.g., a handgun type device), or by timing
or sensor circuits (e.g., a grenade type device). A control
includes any conventional manual or automatic interface circuit,
such as a manually operated switch or relay. For a handgun type
device, controls (not shown) may include any one or more of a
safety switch, a trigger switch, a range priority switch, and a
repeat stimulus switch. The safety switch may be read by the
processor and effect a general enablement or disablement of the
trigger and stimulus circuitry. The trigger switch may be read by
the processor to effect operation of the propellant in a particular
cartridge. The range priority switch may be read by the processor
and effect selection by the processor of the cartridge to operate
in response to a next operation of the trigger switch in accordance
with a range of effective distance for the intended use indicated
by the range priority switch. The repeat stimulus switch, when
operated, may initiate another delivery of one or more stimulus
signals for a local stun function or remote stun function via one
or more cartridges 304.
[0075] A stimulator includes a circuit for generating a stimulus
signal for passing a current through tissue of the target to
interfere with operation of skeletal muscles of the target. Any
conventional stimulus signal may be used. For example, stimulator
316 in one embodiment delivers about 5 seconds of 19 pulses per
second, each pulse transferring about 100 microcoulombs of charge
through the tissue in about 100 microseconds. Stimulator 316 may
have a common interface to all cartridges 304 in parallel (e.g.,
simultaneous operation), or may have an individual independently
operating interface to each cartridge 304 (as shown).
[0076] A launch circuit provides a signal sufficient to activate a
propellant. For example, launch circuit 318 provides an electrical
signal for operation of an electrically fired pyrotechnic primer.
Interface 360 may be implemented with one conductor to propellant
340 (e.g., a pin) and a return electrical path through the body of
propellant 340, the body of cartridge 304, and/or the body of
launch device 302. Interface 360 may include conductive paths from
stimulator 316 to wire stores 346 and 347 when terminals 348 and
349 are omitted. Use of terminals 348 and 349 reduces the
possibility of unintentional activation of propellant 340 and
destructive short circuits within cartridge 304 when performing the
local stun function. A propellant suitably presents a relatively
low resistance to launch circuit 318 to reduce the possibility of
unintended activation of the propellant by electrostatic discharge
through the propellant.
[0077] Launch device 302 in configurations according to various
aspects of the present invention launches any one or more
electrodes of a deployment unit and provides the stimulus signal to
any combination of local stun function terminals and remote stun
function electrodes. For example, launch circuit 318 may provide a
unique signal to each of several interfaces 360, each cartridge of
the deployment unit having one independently operated interface
360. Stimulator 316 may provide a unique signal to each of several
sets of terminals 324 and 325, each cartridge of the deployment
unit having one independently operated set of terminals. Operation
of an electronic weapon system having such a launch device and
deployment unit facilitates multiple function operation. For
instance, a set of electrodes may first be deployed for a remote
stun function and subsequently a set of terminals (e.g., of or for
an unspent cartridge) may then be used for a local stun function or
for displaying an arc (e.g., as an audible and visible warning).
When more than one set of electrodes have been deployed for remote
stun functions, the remote stun functions may be performed on both
targets together (e.g., in rapid sequence or simultaneously) or on
a selected target.
[0078] A deployment unit may include several (e.g., 2 or more) sets
of terminals for display and/or local stun function, and several
(e.g., 2 or more) sets of electrodes, each set for a remote stun
function. A set may include two or more terminals or electrodes.
Launch of electrodes may be individual (e.g., for effective
placement when the target is too close for adequate separation of
electrodes in flight) or as a set (e.g., in rapid succession or
simultaneous). In one implementation, a set of terminals and a set
of electrodes is packaged as a cartridge, the deployment unit
comprising several such cartridges. Before the electrodes of the
cartridge are launched, a set of terminals of the electronic weapon
(e.g., part of the launch device or part of a cartridge) may
perform a display (e.g., a warning) function or a local stun
function. In one implementation, after launch, only the remote stun
function is performed from the spent cartridge; and other
cartridges are available for the local stun or display functions.
Because the deployment unit includes more than one cartridge each
with an independent interface or interfaces, the deployment unit
facilitates multiple functions as discussed herein.
[0079] For instance, after a first cartridge of such a deployment
unit has been deployed toward a first target, stimulator 316 may be
operated to provide a display or a local stun function with other
terminals of the deployment unit. A second target may be engaged
for a second remote stun function. Subsequently, other terminals of
the deployment unit may be used for another display or local stun
function. In one implementation, the deployment unit includes
terminals for the local stun function independent of cartridge
configurations (e.g., none, some or all installed; none, some or
all spent).
[0080] A detector communicates with one or more indicators as
discussed above. For example, detector 320 includes a sensor for
detecting indicator 362 of each cartridge of a deployment unit. In
one implementation, detector 320 includes a circuit having a reed
relay to sense the existence of a magnet (or flux circuit) of
suitable polarity and strength at one or more positions proximate
to cartridge 304. The positions define a code as discussed above
that is detected by detector 320 and read by processor 312 for
governing operation of electronic weapon system 300. A deployment
unit may have multiple indicators (e.g., one set of indicators for
each cartridge). A detector may have a corresponding plurality of
sensors (e.g., reed relays).
[0081] Terminals 324 and 325 provide multiple functions that may
include a warning function and a local stun function. When
cartridge 304 is not installed, the distance between terminals 324
and 325 may be short enough to allow a relatively high voltage
stimulus signal to ionize the air between terminals 324 and 325 so
that a spark is conducted between them. The noise and/or visual
display of the spark may act as a warning to the target and promote
cooperation. When terminals 324 and 325 are brought close to the
tissue of a target (e.g., less than about 3 inches without heavy
clothing), the stimulus signal may ionize air between the terminal
and the tissue and pass through the tissue of the target. In
another implementation, terminals 324 and 325 cooperate to
accomplish a remote stun function.
[0082] When a face of electronic weapon system 300 is pressed into
abutting contact with the tissue of the target, terminals for a
local stun function do not come into abutting contact with the
tissue of the target because these terminals are recessed from the
face of system 300. By recessing the terminals, the possibility and
extent of burn wounds on the target may be avoided or reduced.
Recessing may be from about 0.1 inch to about 1.0 inch from a plane
that includes the facial features of the electronic weapon.
Recessing may be increased to account for the possibility that the
target may be pliable and, consequently, a portion of the target's
clothing or tissue may cross the plane at the face of the
electronic weapon. For example, terminals 325 and 326 are recessed
a distance 370 from a plane 372 defined by a set of points that in
use may come into abutting contact with the target (shown in
arbitrary cross-section as contour 380). An allowance may be made
in distance 370 for use of system 300 against a pliable surface of
the target (e.g., loose clothing, skin) that may move across plane
372 in response to the force of abutting system 300 against the
target.
[0083] When a cartridge 304 is installed, cover 306 prevents
conduction between terminals 324 and 325 through cartridge 304.
Terminals 324 and 325 are still available for operation for warning
and local stun functions as discussed above. In addition, when
cover 306 is removed, terminals 324 and 325 operate in a circuit
for the remote stun function.
[0084] A terminal 324 and/or 325 may be formed as a solid geometric
object (e.g., a hexahedron, cylinder, sphere) or as a shape having
a plurality of prongs or surfaces. In one implementation, terminals
324 and 325 are each formed with two prongs or surfaces. The first
prong or surface is directed toward a face of the electronic weapon
system 300 for performing a local stun function. The second prong
or surface is directed toward terminal 348 for performing a remote
stun function as discussed below.
[0085] Propellant 340 is of the type described above with reference
to propellant 114. When activated by launch circuit 318, propellant
340 violently propels electrode 342 (and 343) out of cartridge 304.
Each electrode 342 (343) mechanically urges a ram 344 (345) to push
and or impact cover 306, pushing cover 306 away from cartridge 304
and ultimately falling away from the trajectory of the electrode
342 (343). Each electrode 342 and 343 is connected to a respective
wire tether stored in wire stores 346 and 347. Each wire store 346
(347) is connected to a terminal 348 (349) in proximity to a
terminal 324 (325) of launch device 302.
[0086] When propellant 340 is activated, cover 306 is removed,
electrodes are propelled away from cartridge 304 on wire tethers,
and a circuit is ready for conducting the stimulus signal. This
circuit includes stimulator 316, terminal 324, terminal 348, wire
of store 346, electrode 342, tissue of the target (presuming
electrodes are successfully delivered proximate the target's
tissue), electrode 343, wire of store 347, terminal 349, terminal
325 and back to stimulator 316. This circuit performs the remote
stun function at a distance up to the length of the wire in stores
346 and 347. Wire may be about 9 feet to about 40 feet (3 m to 13
m) and consist of conventional materials (e.g., copper filament
insulated with a suitable polymer for high voltage insulation).
[0087] A ram communicates a propulsion force against a cover to
remove the cover. For example, ram 344 (345) is pushed by electrode
342 and/or gas from propellant 340 to impact cover 306 so as to
push cover 306 away from cartridge 304. Preferably, ram 344 (345)
is assembled into abutting contact between electrode 342 (343) and
cover 306. Ram 344 (345) improves the effectiveness of an electrode
342 (343) to remove cover 306 in a repeatable manner with little or
no change to the orientation and energy of the electrode,
facilitating accurate delivery of the electrode.
[0088] Indicator 362 is of the type discussed above with reference
to indicator 116. For example, for operation with detector 320
discussed above, indicator 362 may include one or more permanent
magnets arranged within cartridge 304 to permit reliable operation
of detector 320.
[0089] Cover 306 may be made of any insulating material, for
example, plastic (e.g., polystyrene, polycarbonate).
[0090] Terminals of a launch device and of a cartridge may be
located to facilitate use of multiple cartridges with the launch
device. For example, the front face of a launch device (or
magazine) of the type discussed above with reference to FIGS. 1
through 3 may be implemented with an insulating barrier between
adjacent cartridges. For example, front face layout 400 of FIG. 4.
includes two identical cartridges 402 and 404 separated by a
barrier 406. Cartridge 402 is shown with its cover 410 in place.
Cartridge 404 is shown with its cover removed for clarity of
description. An electrode stored in delivery cavity 446 may draw
wire from wire store cavity 462. An electrode stored in delivery
cavity 448 may draw wire from wire store cavity 464. Delivery
cavities and wire store cavities are formed in cartridge body 409
in any conventional manner (e.g., plastics molding technologies).
All terminals are of durable conductive material to resist pitting
due to arcing (e.g., brass, steel, stainless steel).
[0091] With cover 410 in place, terminals 422 and 424 may cooperate
to perform warning and local stun functions as discussed above.
Barrier 406 has dimensions and is made of conventional insulating
material to prevent arcing between terminal 426 and terminal
424.
[0092] Without a cover, terminals 442 and 444 of cartridge 404 may
cooperate with launch device terminals 426 and 428 to perform a
remote stun function as discussed above.
[0093] A propellant, according to various aspects of the present
invention, includes structures that control the application of
pressurized gas to the electrodes and/or rams. For example,
cartridge 108 of FIGS. 1 and 5 includes propellant 114 and a
delivery cavity 522. Relatively high pressure gas is released by
propellant 114 into delivery cavity 522 in a manner that exhibits
desirable repeatability across conventional tolerances for
manufacturing processes. Propellant 114 includes electrical
interface 501, primer 502, first partition 504, charge 506, staging
cavity 508, and second partition 510. A delivery cavity may store
any quantity of electrodes to be propelled. For example, delivery
cavity 522 stores electrodes 524 and 526 for cartridge 108.
Propellant 114 and electrodes 524 and 526 cooperate in a manner as
described above with reference to propellant 340 and electrodes 342
and 343 of FIG. 3.
[0094] A primer includes any conventional electrically fired
pyrotechnic primer. A primer fired by a relatively low voltage and
current is preferred to conserve power (e.g., for launch devices
operating from battery power). Primer 502 is activated by a signal
of interface 501, for example, as provided by a launch circuit of
the type described above with reference to launch circuit 318 of
FIG. 3.
[0095] A first partition provides separation of the primer from the
charge to promote repeatable activation of the entire charge. For
example, first partition 504 is formed of a perforated brass disc.
In another implementation, first partition 504 prevents an anvil of
a conventional primer from proceeding into or lodging within
staging cavity 508, puncturing second partition 510, or interfering
with fluid communication between cavities 508 and 522.
[0096] A charge includes any pyrotechnic material for generating
sufficient gas pressure and volume to propel electrodes. For
example, charge 506 includes from 2 to 10 grains of conventional
smokeless pistol powder. A range of effective distances of from 0
to about 40 feet (about 12 meters) can be obtained using from about
0.5 to about 1.5 grains (preferably about 0.75 grain). For this
effective distance, conventional electrodes and wire are used with
conventional delivery cavity dimensions (e.g., of the type
represented by conventional cartridges marketed by TASER
International for the model X26 electronic weapon system).
[0097] A staging cavity provides a restricted volume to receive gas
produced when the charge burns. For example, charge 506 may be
located in staging cavity 508, preferably thermally proximate to
first partition 504. Staging cavity 508 is assembled within
propellant 114 so that staging cavity 508 exhausts gas primarily
(e.g., entirely) through second partition 510.
[0098] A second partition substantially prevents the flow of
pressurized gas from a staging cavity to a delivery cavity until a
differential magnitude between the pressure in the staging cavity
and the pressure in the delivery cavity is obtained. In other
words, fluid communication between a staging cavity and a delivery
cavity is not increased until the differential pressure is
obtained. The differential pressure effects a sudden change in
fluid coupling between the staging cavity and the delivery cavity
in any conventional manner, for example, by rupturing a seal of the
second partition or rupturing the second partition. For example,
second partition 510 may be formed as a thin brass sheet or disc
that is ruptured.
[0099] An example of a cartridge according to various aspects of
the present invention manufactured using conventional materials and
processes is shown in cross section in FIG. 6. Cartridge 600 of
FIG. 6 is of the type discussed above with reference to cartridge
108, 208, 304, and 404. Cartridge 600 includes cartridge body 602,
propellant assembly 604, and manifold 612. When cartridge body 602
and manifold 612 are assembled, a delivery cavity (522) is formed
that includes bore 606 (446) for a first electrode (524, 342), bore
608 in manifold 612, and bore 610 (448) for a second electrode
(526, 343). The dimensions in FIG. 6 are to scale; relative
dimensions may be obtained by comparison to the largest diameter of
bore 606 at 0.213 inches (5.41 mm).
[0100] A delivery cavity may include a manifold to provide fluid
coupling from a single staging cavity to one or more delivery
cavities. Here, manifold 612 couples staging cavity 634 to bores
606 and 610. Manifold 612 is cast and/or machined brass and may
have an opening 614 that is closed by assembly with cartridge body
602. Cartridge body 602 is formed of plastic.
[0101] Propellant assembly 604 includes propellant body 626, stop
624, primer 628, screen 630 (504), o-ring 632, and disc 636 (510).
Propellant body 626 and manifold 612 have screw threads (not shown)
for fastening propellant body 626 into manifold 612. Other
conventional fastening techniques may be used. Disc 636 operates as
a second partition 510 as discussed above. Disc 636 seals staging
cavity 634 by being mechanically pinched between propellant body
626 and manifold 612. Disc 636 has a thickness of from about 0.001
to about 0.004 inches (0.025 mm to 0.102 mm). O-ring 632 provides a
fluid seal between propellant body 626 and manifold 612. Staging
cavity 634 is formed within propellant body 626 by conventional
machining, and may include a relatively small diameter exit facing
disc 636. Screen 630 and primer 628 are held in place by stop 624.
Stop 624 and the interior of propellant body 626 have screw threads
(not shown) for fastening stop 624 into propellant body 626. Other
conventional fastening techniques may be used (e.g., crimping a
portion of propellant body 626 over a face of primer 628). Stop 624
has an opening 622 through which an electrical contact may be
introduced for butt contact to primer 628. Propellant body 626
forms the return current path to complete the firing circuit for
primer 628 which may also include manifold 612.
[0102] An electrode that pulls wire from a wire store is affected
by the drag of the wire at an angle to the direction of flight of
the electrode. Consequently, a population of test firings of the
electrode may exhibit a center of distribution at the target that
is apart from the intended point of impact. To reduce the distance
between the center of distribution and the intended point of
impact, the shape of the delivery cavity from which the electrode
is propelled may be modified from a purely cylindrical shape aimed
in a plane that includes the intended point of impact. For clarity
of presentation, consider a cartridge body 700 of FIG. 7 which is a
generally rectangular structure with planar faces and 90 degree
corners. Cartridge body 700 includes rear face 701, top face 702,
front face 703, and side face 704. A reference direction toward the
target is represented by axis 710. Cartridge body 700 further
includes openings 722, 724, 726 and 728 in front face 703. Opening
722 locates a first bore of a delivery cavity (not shown) that is
generally cylindrical having an axis in the plane ABCD where points
A and B are in rear face 701 and points C and D are in front face
703. Opening 724 locates a second bore of a delivery cavity (not
shown) that is generally cylindrical having an axis in the plane
EFGH where points E and F are in rear face 701 and points G and H
are in front face 703. Opening 726 and 728 locate the first and
second wire stores for bores behind openings 722 and 724
respectively. Plane ABCD has an angle to axis 710 so that the
distance between axis 710 and an electrode propelled from opening
722 would initially increase above axis 710. Plane EFGH has an
angle to axis 710 so that the distance between axis 710 and an
electrode propelled from opening 724 would initially increase below
axis 710. Either of planes ABCD and EFGH may be suitably located
parallel to axis 710 to accomplish a desired electrode trajectory
(e.g., a desired range of effective distance).
[0103] According to various aspects of the present invention, the
axis of the bore behind opening 722 is included in both planes ABCD
and IJKL. Points I and L are in rear face 701, points I and J are
in top face 702, and points J and K are in front face 703. In one
implementation, plane IJKL differs from a normal with respect to
rear face 701 by about 2 degrees. A distance between axis 710 and
an electrode propelled from opening 722 would initially increase
away from the wire store behind opening 726, thereby compensating
for drag that pulls the electrode toward a vertical plane (not
shown) through the wire store behind opening 726. The axis of the
bore behind opening 724 may be located similarly by analogy and
symmetry.
[0104] According to various aspects of the present invention, the
delivery cavity for an electrode does not have a uniform
cylindrical shape. A conventional delivery cavity may have a
generally cylindrical shape with a slight widening from rear to
face to allow a draft for the plastic mold by which the delivery
cavity is formed. Consequently, a cylindrical electrode may be
wedged slightly at its base when assembled into the delivery
cavity. Further, as the electrode proceeds out of the cavity, it is
not in contact with the walls of the cavity. After leaving the
cavity, the electrode is subject to drag toward an axis through the
wire store. It has been found that reducing the radius of the
delivery cavity to produce a "D"-shaped cross section improves
electrode accuracy. The flat of the "D" is preferably on the side
of the delivery cavity that is closest to the wire store. The flat
of the "D" may extend from the front face of the deployment unit
rearward at least half the distance of the tube. Use of axis
compensation and/or variation in radius improves accuracy of
propelled electrodes.
[0105] According to various aspects of the present invention, a
cartridge may include a segmented cover and fasteners so that it is
easily assembled to the cartridge body and is reliably removed by
operation of rams as discussed above. For example, cartridge 800
for delivering two electrodes (only one shown) includes body 802,
cover 804. Cartridge 800 is shown in partial cross section to
reveal cavities and fastener structures discussed below.
[0106] Body 802 includes delivery cavity 806, electrode 807, ram
808, wire store cavity 810, recessed button 812, and fastener 814.
Fastener 814 allows cartridge 800 to be releasably attached to a
launch device (not shown). Depressing recessed button 812 releases
cartridge from the launch device.
[0107] Cover 804 includes door 822 and door 824 joined at groove
826. An impact by ram 808 (and a similar ram for the other
electrode not shown) will urge the material of cover 804 in groove
826 to break and thereby disjoin door 822 from door 824.
[0108] Cover 804 as shown is rectangular, having four corners.
Cover 804 also includes a fastener at each of its corners. For
example, fastener 828 of FIG. 9 at one corner of cover 804 is
typical of all four corner fasteners. On installation of cover 804
to cartridge body 802, fastener 828 snaps around post 830 of
cartridge body 802. Fastener 828 is joined to door 824 at groove
832. An impact by ram 808 (and similar ram for the other electrode
not shown) will urge the material of cover 804 in groove 832 to
break and thereby disjoin door 824 from body 802.
[0109] In operation, a propellant activated to propel electrode 807
will drive ram 808 against cover 804. First groove 826 will break.
Then, each door 822 and 824 will flex away from and apart from the
other door. Finally, groove 832 (and other similar grooves in the
three other fasteners, not identified) will break. Electrode 807
does not touch either door 822 or 824 during a period of time
before one or more segments of the segmented cover have disjoined.
Consequently, opening cover 804 is accomplished with a more
repeatable quantity of energy than in cartridges of the prior art
that use an adhesive seal or plastic weld between the cover and the
cartridge body. The energy remaining is spent delivering the
electrode to the target in a more repeatable fashion as discussed
above.
[0110] The foregoing description discusses preferred embodiments of
the present invention which may be changed or modified without
departing from the scope of the present invention as defined in the
claims. While for the sake of clarity of description, several
specific embodiments of the invention have been described, the
scope of the invention is intended to be measured by the claims as
set forth below. Embodiments of the claimed invention include all
practical combinations of the structures and methods discussed
above.
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