U.S. patent application number 16/861101 was filed with the patent office on 2020-08-13 for multi-amplifier repeater system for wireless communication.
The applicant listed for this patent is Wilson Electronics, LLC. Invention is credited to Christopher Ken ASHWORTH.
Application Number | 20200259552 16/861101 |
Document ID | 20200259552 / US20200259552 |
Family ID | 1000004786555 |
Filed Date | 2020-08-13 |
Patent Application | download [pdf] |
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United States Patent
Application |
20200259552 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
ASHWORTH; Christopher Ken |
August 13, 2020 |
MULTI-AMPLIFIER REPEATER SYSTEM FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
Abstract
Technology for a multi-repeater system including wireless
transmission of power from a first repeater to a second repeater is
disclosed. A first and second repeater can be disposed opposite
each other about a structural element. Wireless power can be
transmitted from the first repeater through the structural element
to the second repeater for use by the second repeater.
Inventors: |
ASHWORTH; Christopher Ken;
(Toquerville, UT) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
Wilson Electronics, LLC |
St. George |
UT |
US |
|
|
Family ID: |
1000004786555 |
Appl. No.: |
16/861101 |
Filed: |
April 28, 2020 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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15947684 |
Apr 6, 2018 |
10637557 |
|
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16861101 |
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62482828 |
Apr 7, 2017 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04B 7/15507 20130101;
H04B 10/2589 20200501; H04B 10/807 20130101; H04B 7/15535 20130101;
H04B 7/2606 20130101 |
International
Class: |
H04B 7/155 20060101
H04B007/155; H04B 10/25 20060101 H04B010/25; H04B 7/26 20060101
H04B007/26; H04B 10/80 20060101 H04B010/80 |
Claims
1. A system comprising: a first repeater including, a first
wireless power unit having a first wireless power coupler
configured to wirelessly transmit a portion of Direct Current (DC)
or Alternating Current (AC) electrical power received from a power
source; and a first bi-directional amplifier, configured to amplify
one or more RF communication signals, wherein the first
bi-directional amplifier is powered by the power source; a second
repeater including, a second wireless power unit having a second
wireless power coupler configured to receive the wireless power,
and the second wireless power unit is configured to convert the
wireless power to DC or AC electrical power, and a second
bi-directional amplifier, configured to amplify the one or more RF
communication signals, wherein the second bi-directional amplifier
is powered by the DC or AC electrical power from the second
wireless power unit; a structural element disposed between the
first repeater and the second repeater; and a conductive material
integral to the structural element configured to be disposed
between the first repeater and the second repeater, wherein the
conductive material includes one or more openings configured to be
disposed between the first wireless power coupler and the second
wireless power coupler.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the conductive material comprises
one or more of a film, a glazing, or a wired mesh.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein, the first wireless power unit
includes, a wireless power transmitter configured to convert the
portion of DC or AC electrical power received from the power source
to a RF power signal; and the first power coupler, coupled to the
wireless power transmitter, configured to transmit the RF power
signal; the second wireless power unit includes, the second power
coupler configured to receive the RF power signal; and a wireless
power receiver, coupled to the second power coupler, configured to
convert the received RF power signal to the DC or AC electrical
power.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein, the first power coupler includes
an inductive coil or a capacitive electrode; and the second power
coupler includes an inductive coil or a capacitive electrode.
5. The system of claim 1, further comprising: a first shielding
path between the first power coupler and the structural element;
and a second shielding path between the second power coupler and
the structural element.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the first shielding path and the
second shielding path have a substantially similar shape as the
opening disposed between the first wireless power coupler and the
second wireless power coupler to form a communication path between
the first power coupler and the second power coupler.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein, the first wireless power unit
includes an optical power transmitter configured to convert the
portion of DC or AC electrical power received from the power source
to an optical signal and transmit the optical signal; and the
second wireless power unit includes an optical power receiver
configured to receive the optical signal and convert the optical
signal to the DC or AC electrical power.
8. The system of claim 1, further comprising: the first repeater
further including, a first RF coupling antenna coupled to the first
bi-directional amplifier; the second repeater further including, a
second RF coupling antenna coupled to the second bi-directional
amplifier.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the conductive material includes
one or more openings configured to be disposed between the first RF
coupling antenna and the second RF coupling antenna.
10. The system of claim 9, further comprising: a first shielding
path between the first RF coupling antenna and the structural
element; and a second shielding path between the second RF coupling
antenna and the structural element.
11. The system of claim 10, wherein the first shielding path and
the second shielding path have a substantially similar shape as the
opening disposed between the first RF coupling antenna and the
second RF coupling antenna to form a communication path between the
first RF coupling antenna and the second RF coupling antenna.
12. The system of claim 1, wherein the conductive material is
attached to a structural element disposed between the first
repeater and the second repeater.
13. The system of claim 1, wherein the conductive material is
substantially transparent.
14. The system of claim 1, wherein the conductive material
comprises a material comprised of thin metal wires.
15. The system of claim 1, further comprising: the first repeater
further including, a first transmission antenna coupled to a
transmission port of the first bi-directional amplifier; the second
repeater further including, a second transmission antenna coupled
to a transmission port of the second bi-directional amplifier.
16. The system of claim 1, wherein, the first transmission antenna
is a directional antenna; and the second transmission antenna is a
directional antenna.
17. The system of claim 1, wherein, the first transmission antenna
is an omni-directional antenna; and the second transmission antenna
is a directional antenna.
18. The system of claim 1, wherein, the first repeater comprises a
first Single-Input-Single-Output (SISO) repeater; and the second
repeater comprises a second SISO repeater.
19. The system of claim 1, wherein the first bi-directional
amplifier is configured to compensate for RF transmission loss
across a structural element disposed between the first and second
repeaters.
20. The system of claim 1, wherein the second bi-directional
amplifier is configured to compensate for RF transmission loss
across a structural element disposed between the first and second
repeaters.
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 15/947,684 filed Apr. 6, 2018 with a docket
number of 3969-106.NP which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Patent Application No. 62/482,828 filed Apr. 7, 2017 with a docket
number of 106.PROV.US, the entire specifications of which are
hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety for all
purposes.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Wireless communication systems, such as cellular telephone
systems, have become common throughout the world. A wireless
repeater or booster is a radio frequency (RF) device used to
amplify wireless communication signals in both uplink and downlink
communication channels, as illustrated in FIG. 1. The uplink
channel is generally referred to as the direction from one or more
user equipment (UE) 110 to a base station (BS) 120. The downlink
channel is generally referred to as the direction from the base
station 120 to the user equipment 110. For a wireless telephone
system, the base station 120 may be a cell tower, and the user
equipment 110 may be one or more smart phones, tablet, laptop and
desktop computers, multimedia devices such as a television or
gaming system, cellular internet of things (CIoT) devices, or other
types of computing devices. The repeater 130 typically includes a
signal amplifier 140 coupled between two antennas, a user-side
antenna 150 and a service-side antenna 160. The user equipment 110
may be operating within a structure, while the repeater 130 may be
located inside or outside the structure 170. The structure 170 may
introduce signal losses that deleteriously affect the user
equipment 110 and/or the repeater 130. In addition, constraints
imposed by government agencies, industry standards, or similar
regulatory entities may limit the amount of amplification (gain),
the maximum output power, the output noise, and other parameters
associated with the operation of the repeater 130. Therefore, there
is a continuing need for improved wireless repeaters.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0003] Features and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent
from the detailed description which follows, taken in conjunction
with the accompanying drawings, which together illustrate, by way
of example, features of the disclosure; and, wherein:
[0004] FIG. 1 depicts a wireless system, in accordance with an
example;
[0005] FIGS. 2A and 2B depict a wireless system, in accordance with
an example;
[0006] FIGS. 3A-3C depict a wireless system, in accordance with
another example;
[0007] FIGS. 4A and 4B depict a wireless system, in accordance with
yet another example;
[0008] FIGS. 5A-5C depict a wireless system, in accordance with yet
another example;
[0009] FIG. 6 depicts a wireless system, in accordance with yet
another example;
[0010] FIG. 7 depicts a wireless system, in accordance with yet
another example;
[0011] FIG. 8 depicts a wireless system, in accordance with yet
another example;
[0012] FIG. 9 depicts a wireless system, in accordance with yet
another example;
[0013] FIG. 10 depicts a wireless system, in accordance with yet
another example;
[0014] FIG. 11 depicts a wireless system, in accordance with yet
another example;
[0015] FIG. 12 depicts a wireless system, in accordance with yet
another example;
[0016] FIG. 13 depicts a wireless system, in accordance with yet
another example;
[0017] FIG. 14 depicts a wireless system, in accordance with yet
another example; and
[0018] FIG. 15 depicts a wireless system, in accordance with yet
another example.
[0019] Reference will now be made to the exemplary embodiments
illustrated, and specific language will be used herein to describe
the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of
the scope of the technology is thereby intended.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0020] Before the present technology is disclosed and described, it
is to be understood that this technology is not limited to the
particular structures, process actions, or materials disclosed
herein, but is extended to equivalents thereof as would be
recognized by those ordinarily skilled in the relevant arts. It
should also be understood that terminology employed herein is used
for the purpose of describing particular examples only and is not
intended to be limiting. The same reference numerals in different
drawings represent the same element. Numbers provided in flow
charts and processes are provided for clarity in illustrating
actions and operations and do not necessarily indicate a particular
order or sequence.
[0021] An initial overview of technology embodiments is provided
below and then specific technology embodiments are described in
further detail later. This initial summary is intended to aid
readers in understanding the technology more quickly but is not
intended to identify key features or essential features of the
technology nor is it intended to limit the scope of the claimed
subject matter.
[0022] In one aspect, a multi-repeater system may include first and
second repeaters configured to automatically receive, amplify and
retransmit on a bi-directional basis the signals received from
base, fixed, mobile, or portable stations, with no change in
frequency or authorized bandwidth. The repeaters can provide
improved wireless coverage within a limited area such as a home,
car, boat or recreational vehicle (RV). The repeaters can operate
on the frequencies and in the market areas of a specified licensee
service provider, or on the frequencies or in the market areas of
multiple licensee service providers. The repeaters can operate in a
fixed location, such as a house or building, or in a moving vehicle
such as a car or boat.
[0023] In one aspect, the first and second repeaters can include
respective first and second wireless power units. In one aspect,
the first wireless power unit includes a wireless power transmitter
and a first power coupler, and the second wireless power unit
includes a wireless power receiver and a second power coupler. The
wireless power transmitter can be configured to convert a portion
of DC or AC electrical power received from a power source to a RF
power signal. The first power coupler can be configured to transmit
the RF power signal through a structural element to the second
power coupler. The wireless power receiver can be configured to
convert the received RF power signal to DC or AC electrical power.
The second repeater can be configured to be powered by the DC or AC
electrical power from the wireless power receiver.
[0024] In another aspect, the first wireless power unit can include
an optical power transmitter and the second wireless power unit can
include an optical power receiver. The optical power transmitter
can be configured to convert a portion of DC or AC electrical power
received from a power source to an optical signal and transmit the
optical signal through a structural element. The optical power
receiver can be configured to receive the optical signal and
convert the optical signal to the DC or AC electrical power. The
second repeater can be configured to be powered by DC or AC
electrical power from the optical power receiver.
[0025] FIGS. 2A and 2B depict a wireless system, in accordance with
an example. In one aspect, the wireless system includes a first
repeater 202 and a second repeater 204. The first and second
repeaters 202, 204 are adapted for disposition opposite each other
about a structural element 206, such as a wall, window or similar
element. In one instance, the first repeater 202 can be an inside
repeater adapted for placement within a structure, and the second
repeater 204 can be an outside repeater adapted for placement
outside the structure. The first repeater 202 may also be referred
to as a device/client repeater, subscriber side repeater or service
side repeater, while the second repeater 204 may also be referred
to as a wireless network repeater, provider side repeater or donor
side repeater. In one aspect, the various functions of the
repeaters 202, 204, can be implemented in hardware, firmware,
software stored in memory and executed by one or more processing
units, and/or any combination thereof.
[0026] In one aspect, the first repeater 202 can include a wireless
power transmitter (WPT) 210, a power coupler 212, one or more
bi-directional amplifiers (BDA) 214, a RF coupling antenna 216, and
one or more optional transmission antennas 218. In one aspect, the
second repeater 204 can include a wireless power receiver (WPR)
224, a power coupler 226, one or more bi-directional amplifiers
(BDA) 228, one or more RF coupling antennas 230, and one or more
optional transmission antennas 232. The wireless system may
optionally include one or more conductive films 208 for disposition
between the first and second repeaters 202, 204.
[0027] In one aspect, the one or more bi-directional amplifiers 214
of the first repeater 202 can be configured to amplify one or more
RF communication signals. In one instance, the RF communication
signals can be cellular telephone RF signals, such as a
Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolved (LTE)
signals. In one instance, the one or more bi-direction amplifier
214 can be configured to amplify both uplink and downlink 3GPP LTE
signals of one or more carrier bands. In one instance, the uplink
3GPP LTE signals may operate at a first frequency band and the
downlink 3GPP LTE signal may operate at a second frequency band. In
one instance the operating bands of the RF communication signals
may include:
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Bands of Operation Uplink Downlink Band Fmin
(MHz) Fmax (MHz) Fc (MHz) Fmin (MHz) Fmax (MHz) Fc (MHz) II
1850.0-1910.0 1880.0 1930.0-1990.0 1960.0 IV 1710.0-1755.0 1732.5
2110.0-2155.0 2132.5 V 824.0-849.0 836.5 869.0-894.0 881.5 XII
699.0-716.0 707.5 729.0-746.0 737.5 XIII 776.0-787.0 781.5
746.0-757.0 751.5
[0028] In one aspect, the one or more transmission antennas 218 can
be integral to the first repeater 214 (e.g., internal or directly
coupled external transmission antenna). Alternatively, the one or
more transmission antennas 218 may be separate from the first
repeater 202, but removably coupled to the bi-directional amplifier
214 (e.g., remote external transmission antenna), optionally by one
or more wired communication links (e.g., coaxial cable). The
transmission antennas 218 may be a directional antenna or an
omni-directional antenna.
[0029] In one aspect, the one or more bi-directional amplifiers 214
of the first repeater 202 can include one or more RF transmission
ports 220 and one or more RF coupling ports 222. The one or more
transmission antennas 218 can be coupled to the respective one or
more RF transmission ports 220, and the one or more RF coupling
antennas 216 can be coupled to the respective one or more RF
coupling ports 222 of the one or more bi-directional amplifiers 214
of the first repeater 202.
[0030] In one aspect, the one or more bi-directional amplifiers 228
of the second repeater 204 can be configured to amplify one or more
RF communication signals. In one instance, the one or more
bi-direction amplifiers 228 can be configured to amplify both
uplink and downlink 3GPP LTE signals.
[0031] In one aspect, the one or more transmission antennas 232 can
be integral to the second repeater 204 (e.g., internal or directly
coupled external transmission antenna). Alternatively, the one or
more transmission antennas 232 may be separate from the second
repeater 204, but coupled to the bi-directional amplifier 228
(e.g., remote external transmission antenna), optionally by one or
more wired communication links (e.g., coaxial cable). The
transmission antennas 232 may be a directional antenna or an
omni-directional antenna.
[0032] In one aspect, the bi-directional amplifier 228 can include
one or more RF transmission port 234 and one or more RF coupling
ports 236. The one or more transmission antennas 232 can be coupled
to the respective one or more RF transmission ports 234, and the
one or more power couplers 226 can be coupled to the respective one
or more RF coupling ports 236 of the bi-directional amplifier 228
of the second repeater 204.
[0033] In one aspect, the bi-directional amplifier 228 of the
second repeater can boost one or more RF communication signal
received from and transmitted to a Base Station (BS) (e.g., service
provider cellphone tower). The base station can be a node of a
mobile phone network, such as a 3GPP LTE evolved NodeB (eNB). In
one aspect, the second repeater 204 and the one or more
transmission antennas 232 set the noise figure and increase
performance. The bi-directional amplifier 228 can improve the gain
and/or noise-power on uplink and/or downlink communication RF
signals, at the RF transmission port 236 of the bi-directional
amplifier 228, to increase the range and/or increase the signal
strength of RF communication signal between the second repeater 204
and the base station of a service provider. On the downlink path
the second repeater 204 can preserve the signal-to-noise ratio and
can set the noise figure for the system at a much lower level than
otherwise. On the uplink, the second repeater 204 enables a much
stronger signal to be transmitted and therefore reach the base
station in more cases. In some instances, the gain or noise power
as measured at the RF transmission port 234 or transmission antenna
232 of the second repeater 204 can be constrained by a government
agency, an industry standard, or similar regulatory entity.
Accordingly, the bi-directional amplifier 228 of the second
repeater 204 can be configured to provide a gain or noise power
level as measured at the RF transmission port 234 or transmission
antenna 232 of the second repeater 204 to comply with such
constrains. In one aspect, the bi-directional amplifier 228 can be
configured to control the uplink and downlink power supplied by the
bi-directional amplifier 228 independently.
[0034] In one aspect, the structural element 206, such as a wall,
door, window or similar element can appreciably reduce the signal
strength of RF signals entering a structure such as a home, office
building, or car. Therefore, in one aspect, the bi-directional
amplifier 214 of the first repeater 202 and/or the bi-directional
amplifier 228 of the second repeater 204 can boost the one or more
RF communication signals transmitted through the structural element
206. The bi-directional amplifier 214 of the first repeater 202
and/or the bi-directional amplifier 228 of the second repeater 204
can improve the gain and/or noise power on uplink and/or downlink
communication RF signals, at the RF coupling port 222 of the
bi-directional amplifier 214 and/or at the RF coupling port 236 of
the bi-directional amplifier 228, to compensate for the loss
through the structural element 206 which can exceed 20-30 dB. The
gain or noise power of at the RF coupling port 222 of the
bi-directional amplifier 214 and/or at the RF coupling port 236 of
the bi-directional amplifier 228 can be selected such that the
losses introduced by the structural element 206 reduces feedback
through the one or more transmission antennas 218 of the first
repeater 202 and/or the transmission antenna 232 of the second
repeater 204.
[0035] In one aspect, the bi-directional amplifier 214 of the first
repeater 202 can transmit the RF communication signals, with little
or no boost, to one or more User Equipment (UE) within the
structure. Optionally, the bi-directional amplifier 214 of the
first repeater 202 can boost the one or more RF communication
signals for transmission to the one or more UEs. The UEs can
include smart phones, tablet computing devices, laptop computers,
multimedia devices such as televisions or gaming systems, internet
of things (TOT) devices, or other types of computing devices that
are configured to provide text, voice, data, or other types of
digital or analog communication over wireless communication. The
bi-directional amplifier 214 can improve the gain and/or noise
power on uplink and/or downlink communication RF signals, at the RF
transmission port 220 of the bi-directional amplifier 214, to
increase the range and/or increase the signal strength of RF
communication signal between the first repeater 202 and one or more
UEs within the structure. In some instances, the gain or noise
power as measured at the RF transmission port 220 or transmission
antenna 218 of the first repeater 202 can be constrained by a
government agency, an industry standard, or similar regulatory
entity. Accordingly, the bi-directional amplifier 214 of the first
repeater 202 can be configured to provide a gain or noise power
level as measured at the RF transmission port 220 or transmission
antenna 218 of the first repeater 202 to comply with such
constrains. In one aspect, the bi-directional amplifier 214 can be
configured to control the uplink and downlink power supplied by the
bi-directional amplifier 214 independently.
[0036] In one instance, the bi-directional amplifier 228 of the
second repeater 204 can provide approximately 30-40 dB of gain. In
addition, the one or more transmission antennas 232 of the second
repeater 204 can be an antenna integral to the second repeater 204.
The integral antenna can be a directional panel antenna. The
bi-directional amplifier 214 of the first repeater can provide
approximately 50-60 dB of gain. In addition, the transmission
antenna of the first repeater 202 can be an external antenna
coupled to the first repeater 202 by a wired communication link
240. A directional transmission antenna 232 can be placed on the
structure 206 pointing toward the base station of the service
provider to improve the transmission and reception of the RF
communication signal by the second repeater 204. In addition, a
directional transmission antenna 232 can be pointed away from the
first repeater 202 to reduce the feedback between the transmission
antennas 218, 232, between the coupling antenna 216 of the first
repeater and the transmission antenna 232 of the second repeater,
and/or between the coupling antenna 230 of the second repeater 204
and the transmission antenna 218 of the first repeater 202. In
addition, by placing the transmission antenna 218 coupled to the
first repeater 202 spaced apart from the first repeater 202 (e.g.,
in another room of a house or office building) feedback between the
transmission antennas 218, 232, between the coupling antenna 216 of
the first repeater and the transmission antenna 232 of the second
repeater, and/or between the coupling antenna 230 of the second
repeater 204 and the transmission antenna 218 of the first repeater
202 can be reduced.
[0037] In another instance, the bi-directional amplifier 228 of the
second repeater 204 can provide approximately 30-50 dB of gain, and
the bi-directional amplifier 214 of the first repeater can provide
approximately 30-50 dB of gain. In addition, the transmission
antennas 218, 232 of the first and second repeaters 202, 204 can be
integral antennas. The integral antennas can both be directional
antennas that can reduce the feedback between the transmission
antennas 218, 232, between the coupling antenna 216 of the first
repeater and the transmission antenna 232 of the second repeater,
and/or between the coupling antenna 230 of the second repeater 204
and the transmission antenna 218 of the first repeater 202.
[0038] In yet another instance, the bi-directional amplifier 228 of
the second repeater 204 can provide approximately 30-40 dB of gain.
In addition, the one or more transmission antennas 232 of the
second repeater 204 can be an antenna integral to the second
repeater 204. The integral antenna can be a directional panel
antenna. The bi-directional amplifier 214 of the first repeater 202
can provide approximately 50-60 dB of gain. In addition,
bi-directional amplifier 214 of the first repeater 202 can be
coupled to a third repeater 238 by a wired RF communication link
240. The third repeater 238 can provide an additional 30-50 dB of
gain. The gain of the first repeater 202 and/or third repeater 238
can also compensate for transmission loss across the wired RF
communication link 240.
[0039] In one aspect, the amount of gain provided by the first
repeater 202 and/or the second repeater 204 can be based upon the
transmission loss across the structural element 206. In one aspect,
the first and second repeater 202, 204 can use Radio Frequency (RF)
reference signals or RF communication signals to determine the
transmission loss across the structural element 206 coupling the
repeaters. In one aspect, the second repeater 204 can further
include a signal generator. The first repeater 202 can further
include a transmission loss detector and a gain controller. The
signal generator of the second repeater 204 can generate RF
reference signals at a predetermined amplitude or power for
transmission across the structural element 206 to the first
repeater 202. The transmission loss detector of the first repeater
202 determines a transmission loss across the structural element
206 based on the amplitude or power of the received RF reference
signals. The gain controller of the first repeater 202 can adjust a
gain or noise power of the amplifier of one or both of the
repeaters 202, 204 to compensate for the determined transmission
loss across the structural element 206. The RF reference signals
can advantageously be used to calibrate one or both of the
amplifiers, while the repeaters can continuously amplify the RF
communication signals.
[0040] In another aspect, the second repeater 204 can further
include a signal detector. The first repeater 202 can further
include a transmission loss detector and a gain controller. The
signal detector of the second repeater 204 can determine the
amplitude or power of the RF communication signals as received at
the second repeater 204. The transmission loss detector of the
first repeater 202 can determine the transmission loss across the
structural element 206 based upon the amplitude or power of the RF
communication signals as received at the second repeater 204 and
the first repeater 202. The gain controller of the first repeater
202 can adjust the gain or noise power of one or both of the
repeaters 202, 204 to compensate for the determined transmission
loss across the structural element 206. The RF communication
signals can again be used advantageously to calibrate one or both
of the amplifiers, while the repeaters can continuously amplify the
RF communication signals.
[0041] In one aspect, the wireless power transmitter 210 and the
power coupler 212 of the first repeater 202 make up a first
wireless power unit, and the wireless power receiver 224 and the
power coupler 226 of the second repeater 202 make up a second
wireless power unit. The wireless power transmitter 210 of the
first repeater 202 can be coupled to the power coupler 212. In one
aspect, the wireless power receiver 224 of the second repeater 204
can be coupled to the power coupler 226. In one aspect, the power
couplers 212, 226 of the first and second repeaters 202, 204 can be
inductive coils for non-radiative techniques using magnetic fields.
In another aspect, the power couplers 212, 226 of the first and
second repeaters 202, 204 can be capacitive electrodes for
radiative techniques using electric fields.
[0042] In one aspect, the wireless power transmitter 210 can
convert a portion of Direct Current (DC) or Alternating Current
(AC) electrical power received from a power source of the first
repeater 202 to wireless power. The term wireless power is used
herein as a generic term that refers to a number of different power
transmission technologies that use time-varying electric, magnetic,
or electromagnetic fields, or photon energy. In one aspect, the DC
or AC power can be converted to a RF power signal. The RF power
signal can be transmitted from the power coupler 212 of the first
repeater 202 through the structural element 206 and received by the
power coupler 226 of the second repeater 204. A first shielding
path can be between the power coupler 212 of the first repeater 202
and the structural element 206. A second shielding path can be
between the power coupler 226 of the second repeater 204 and the
structural element 206. The first or second shielding path can
substantially limit electromagnetic waves passing through the one
or more openings in the conductive film to the electromagnetic
signal or photon energy associated with the wireless power
transfer. The use of the openings in the conductive films, combined
with the shielding paths, enables an increased efficiency in
passing the wireless power between the first and second repeaters,
while maintaining an increased isolation between the transmission
antennas of the first and second repeaters due to the conductive
film. In one example, the shielding path can be comprised of a
material that substantially blocks electromagnetic waves. For
example, an opaque metallic tape can be used to form the first
shielding path or the second shielding path. The first or second
shielding path can be shaped based on the beam shape formed by the
power coupler 212 of the first repeater 202 or the power coupler
226 of the second repeater 204. The wireless power receiver 224 can
convert the RF power signal received by the power coupler 226 into
DC or AC electrical power. The DC or AC electrical power from the
wireless power receiver 224 can power the second repeater 204. In
one instance, the wireless power transmitter 210 can transmit power
to the wireless power receiver 224 to enable generation of
approximately 500 mA of steady state current, 1000 mA of peak
current draw, and approximately 5-7.5 W of total power for use by
the circuits of the second repeater 204.
[0043] As discussed above, the bi-directional amplifier 228 of the
second repeater 204 can be configured to control the uplink and
downlink power supplied by the bi-directional amplifier 228
independently. In one aspect, the power supplied by the
bi-directional amplifier 228 can be configured to provide
respective power levels for the uplink and downlink signal
transmission within applicable limits that may be set by one or
more regulatory entities. In other aspects, it is to be appreciated
that the uplink transmission power level typically is greater than
the downlink transmission power level. In addition, the size of the
wireless power transmitter 210, wireless power receiver 224 and
power couplers 212, 226 tend to increase as the amount of power
needed by the second repeater 204 increases. Therefore, the
bi-directional amplifier 228 of the second repeater 204 can be
operated in a passive mode, whereby the bi-directional amplifier
228 supplies little or no additional power during transmission of
uplink signals.
[0044] In one aspect, the wireless power transfer between the first
and second repeaters 202, 204 provided by the powerless power
transmitter 210, wireless power receiver 224 and power couplers
212, 226 enable easy installation of the second repeater 204 on the
outside of the structure. Installation can be simplified because
one or more cables coupling the first and second repeaters 202, 204
are not used, and therefore do not need to be routed through or
around structural elements such as walls, windows, or doors.
Eliminating the need to route cables coupling the first and second
repeaters 202, 204, provided by the present technology, may be
particularly advantageous for consumers doing their own
installation, and/or deployment in structures that may be rented or
leased such as apartments or leased cars. The outside second
repeater 204 of the present technology also advantageously sets the
noise figure and increases performance as compared to a single
inside repeater or locating both the first and second repeaters
inside a structure.
[0045] In one aspect, the one or more conductive films 208 can be
transparent films or substantially transparent films. A conductive
film 208 can be substantially transparent when it has a visible
light transmittance of 70% or more. In one instance, the
transparent conductive films may be a film of thin metal wires or
other types of metallic coating that can be used to reflect desired
wavelengths. Window coatings and films typically are designed to
reflect ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths and infrared (IR) wavelengths.
However, the same coatings and films can also substantially
attenuate radio frequency signals. The visibility of the one or
more conductive films 208 can be relatively low such that
individuals can readily see through the conductive films 208. In
one instance, a conductive film 208 disposed between the first and
second repeaters 202, 204 can be placed on one side or the other of
the structural element 206. In another instance, conductive films
disposed between the first and second repeaters 202, 204 can be
placed on both side of the structural element 206. In one aspect,
the one or more conductive films 208 include openings that can be
disposed between the power couplers 212, 226, and between the RF
coupling antennas 216, 230 to permit RF communications signal and
power transmission signals to readily couple between the first and
second repeaters 202, 204. The conductive film 208 can, however,
block other conductive paths of the RF signals between the first
and second repeater 202, 204 thereby reducing feedback. The
conductive film 208 therefore can be utilized to increase
antenna-to-antenna isolation between the transmission antennas 218,
232, between the coupling antenna 216 of the first repeater and the
transmission antenna 232 of the second repeater, and/or between the
coupling antenna 230 of the second repeater 204 and the
transmission antenna 218 of the first repeater 202. In another
aspect, the one or more conductive films 208 may not include
openings to increase antenna-to-antenna isolation between the
transmission antennas 218, 232, between the coupling antenna 216 of
the first repeater and the transmission antenna 232 of the second
repeater, and/or between the coupling antenna 230 of the second
repeater 204 and the transmission antenna 218 of the first repeater
202. A first shielding path can be between the coupling antenna 216
of the first repeater and the structural element 206. A second
shielding path can be between the coupling antenna 230 of the
second repeater 204 and the structural element 206. The first or
second shielding path can substantially limit electromagnetic waves
passing through the one or more openings in the conductive film to
the electromagnetic signal or photonic energy associated with the
coupling antennas of the first and second repeater. The use of the
openings in the conductive films, combined with the shielding
paths, enables an increased efficiency in passing the wireless
signal between the coupling antennas of the first and second
repeaters, while maintaining an increased isolation between the
transmission antennas of the first and second repeaters due to the
conductive film. In one example, the shielding path can be
comprised of a material that substantially blocks electromagnetic
waves. For example, metallic tape can be used to form the first
shielding path or the second shielding path. The first or second
shielding path can be shaped based on the beam shape formed by the
coupling antenna 216 of the first repeater 202 or the coupling
antenna 230 of the second repeater 204.
[0046] In one aspect, the first repeater 202 and/or the second
repeater 204 can be affixed to the structural element 206 by an
adhesive such as glue or tape. In another aspect, the first
repeater 202 and/or the second repeater 204 can be affixed to the
structural element 206 by a magnet, if the structural element 206
is non-metallic. The magnets may also be utilized to align the
power couplers 212, 226 of the first and second repeaters 202, 204.
In yet other aspects, other fastening means or combinations thereof
can be used to affix the first and second repeater 202, 204 to the
structural element, such as nails, screws, adhesive backed hook and
loop fasteners, or the like.
[0047] FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C depict a wireless system, in accordance
with another example. In one aspect, the wireless system includes a
first repeater 302 and a second repeater 304. The first and second
repeaters 302, 304 are adapted for disposition opposite each other
about a structural element 306, such as a window, non-metallic car
body panel or similar element. In one instance, the first repeater
302 can be an inside repeater adapted for placement within a
vehicle 306 or similar structure, and the second repeater 304 can
be an outside repeater adapted for placement outside the vehicle
306. In one aspect, the various functions of the repeaters 302,
304, can be implemented in hardware, firmware, software stored in
memory and executed by one or more processing units, and/or any
combination thereof.
[0048] In one aspect, the first repeater 302 can include a wireless
power transmitter (WPT) 310, a power coupler 312, one or more
bi-directional amplifiers (BDA) 314, one or more RF coupling
antennas 316, and one or more optional transmission antennas 318.
In one aspect, the second repeater 304 can include a wireless power
receiver (WPR) 324, a power coupler 326, one or more bi-directional
amplifiers (BDA) 328, one or more RF coupling antennas 330, and one
or more optional transmission antennas 332. The wireless system may
optionally include one or more conductive films 308 for disposition
between the first and second repeaters 302, 304.
[0049] In one aspect, the one or more bi-directional amplifiers 314
of the first repeater 302 can be configured to amplify one or more
RF communication signals. In one aspect, the one or more
bi-directional amplifiers 328 of the second repeater 304 can be
configured to amplify the one or more RF communication signals. In
one instance, the one or more bi-directional amplifiers 314, 328
can be configured to amplify both uplink and downlink 3GPP LTE
signals.
[0050] In one aspect, the transmission antenna 332 of the second
repeater 304 can be an omni-directional antenna. An
omni-directional antenna may advantageously be utilized with
vehicles that move about with respect base stations of the service
provider. In one aspect, the transmission antenna 332 of the second
repeater 304 can be directly or indirectly coupled to the second
repeater 304. In one instance, the transmission antenna 332 of the
second repeater may be located adjacent to or on a metallic body
panel of the vehicle to increase antenna-to-antenna isolation
between the transmission antennas 318, 332. In one aspect, the
transmission antenna 318 of the first repeater 302 can be a
directional antenna to reduce feedback between the transmission
antennas 318, 332, between the transmission antenna 318 and the RF
coupling antenna 330, or between the transmission antenna 318 and
the RF coupling antenna 316.
[0051] In one aspect, the one or more bi-directional amplifiers 314
of the first repeater 302 can include one or more RF transmission
ports 320 and one or more RF coupling ports 322. The one or more
transmission antennas 318 can be coupled to the respective one or
more RF transmission ports 320, and the one or more RF coupling
antennas 316 can be coupled to the respective one or more RF
coupling ports 322 of the first repeater 302. In one aspect, the
one or more bi-directional amplifiers 328 of the second repeater
304 can include one or more RF transmission ports 334 and one or
more RF coupling ports 336. The one or more transmission antennas
332 can be coupled to the respective one or more RF transmission
ports 334, and the one or more RF coupling antennas 330 can be
coupled to the respective one or more RF coupling ports 336 of the
second repeater 304.
[0052] In one aspect, the bi-directional amplifier 328 of the
second repeater can boost one or more RF communication signal
received from and transmitted to a base station. The bi-directional
amplifier 328 can improve the gain and/or noise-power on uplink
and/or downlink communication RF signals, at the RF transmission
port 334 of the bi-directional amplifier 328, to increase the range
and/or increase the signal strength of RF communication signal
between the second repeater 304 and base stations of a service
provider. On the downlink path the second repeater 304 can preserve
the signal-to-noise ratio and can set the noise figure for the
system at a much lower level than otherwise. On the uplink, the
second repeater 304 enables a much stronger signal to be
transmitted and therefore reach the BS in more cases. In some
instances, the gain or noise power as measured at the RF
transmission port 334 or transmission antenna 332 of the second
repeater 304 can be constrained by a government agency, an industry
standard, or similar regulatory entity. Accordingly, the
bi-directional amplifier 328 of the second repeater 304 can be
configured to provide a gain or noise power level as measured at
the RF transmission port 334 or transmission antenna 332 of the
second repeater 304 to comply with such constrains. In one aspect,
the bi-directional amplifier 328 can be configured to control the
uplink and downlink power supplied by the bi-directional amplifier
328 independently.
[0053] In one aspect, the structural element 306, such as a
windshield or similar element can appreciable reduce the signal
strength of RF signals entering the vehicle. Therefore, in one
aspect, the bi-directional amplifier 314 of the first repeater 302
and/or the bi-directional amplifier 328 of the second repeater 304
can boost the one or more RF communication signals transmitted
through the windshield or similar structural element. The
bi-directional amplifier 314 of the first repeater 302 and/or the
bi-directional amplifier 328 of the second repeater can improve the
gain and/or noise power on uplink and/or downlink communication RF
signals, at the RF coupling port 322 of the bi-directional
amplifier 314 and/or at the RF coupling port 336 of the
bi-directional amplifier 328, to compensate for the loss through
the structural element 306. The gain or noise power of at the RF
coupling port 322 of the bi-directional amplifier 314 and/or at the
RF coupling port 336 of the bi-directional amplifier 328 can be
selected such that the losses introduced by the structural element
306 reduces feedback through the one or more transmission antennas
318 of the first repeater 302 and/or the one or more transmission
antenna 332 of the second repeater 304.
[0054] In one aspect, the bi-directional amplifier 314 of the first
repeater 302 can transmit, with little or no boost, the RF
communication signals to one or more UEs within the vehicle 306.
Optionally, the bi-directional amplifier 314 of the first repeater
302 can boost the one or more RF communication signals for
transmission to the one or more UEs. The bi-directional amplifier
314 can improve the gain and/or noise power on uplink and/or
downlink communication RF signals, at the RF transmission port 320
of the bi-directional amplifier 314, to increase the range and/or
increase the signal strength of RF communication signal between the
first repeater 302 and one or more UEs within the structure. In
some instances, the gain or noise power as measured at the RF
transmission port 320 or transmission antenna 218 of the first
repeater 302 can be constrained by a government agency, an industry
standard, or similar regulatory entity. Accordingly, the
bi-directional amplifier 314 of the first repeater 302 can be
configured to provide a gain or noise power level as measured at
the RF transmission port 320 or transmission antenna 318 of the
first repeater 302 to comply with such constrains. In one aspect,
the bi-directional amplifier 314 can be configured to control the
uplink and downlink power supplied by the bi-directional amplifier
314 independently.
[0055] In one instance, the bi-directional amplifier 228 of the
first and second repeaters 302, 304 can provide approximately 30-40
dB of gain. In addition, the transmission antenna 318 of the first
repeater 302 can be an internal integral directional antenna, while
the transmission antenna 332 of the second repeater 304 can be an
external integral omnidirectional antenna.
[0056] In one aspect, the amount of gain provided by the first
repeater 302 and/or the second repeater 304 can be based upon the
transmission loss across the structural element 306. In one aspect,
the first and second repeater 302, 304 can use RF reference signals
or RF communication signals to determine the transmission loss
across the structural element 306 coupling the repeaters. In one
aspect, the second repeater 304 can further include a signal
generator. The first repeater 302 can further include a
transmission loss detector and a gain controller. The signal
generator of the second repeater 304 can generate RF reference
signals at a predetermined amplitude or power for transmission
across the structural element 306 to the first repeater 302. The
transmission loss detector of the first repeater 302 determines a
transmission loss across the structural element 306 based on the
amplitude or power of the received RF reference signals. The gain
controller of the first repeater 302 can adjust a gain or noise
power of the amplifier of one or both of the repeaters 302, 304 to
compensate for the determined transmission loss across the
structural element 306. The RF reference signals can advantageously
be used to calibrate one or both of the amplifiers, while the
repeaters can continuously amplify the RF communication
signals.
[0057] In another aspect, the second repeater 304 can further
include a signal detector. The first repeater 302 can further
include a transmission loss detector and a gain controller. The
signal detector of the second repeater 304 can determine the
amplitude or power of the RF communication signals as received at
the second repeater 304. The transmission loss detector of the
first repeater 302 can determine the transmission loss across the
structural element 306 based upon the amplitude or power of the RF
communication signals as received at the second repeater 304 and
the first repeater 302. The gain controller of the first repeater
302 can adjust the gain or noise power of one or both of the
repeaters 302, 304 to compensate for the determined transmission
loss across the structural element 306. The RF communication
signals can again be used advantageously to calibrate one or both
of the amplifiers, while the repeaters can continuously amplify the
RF communication signals.
[0058] In one aspect, the wireless power transmitter 310 and the
power coupler 312 of the first repeater 302 make up a first
wireless power unit, and the wireless power receiver 324 and the
power coupler 326 of the second repeater 302 make up a second
wireless power unit. The wireless power transmitter 310 of the
first repeater 302 can be coupled to the power coupler 312. In one
aspect, the wireless power receiver 324 of the second repeater 304
can be coupled to the power coupler 326. In one aspect, the power
couplers 312, 326 of the first and second repeaters 302, 304 can be
inductive coils for non-radiative techniques using magnetic fields.
In another aspect, the power couplers 312, 326 of the first and
second repeaters 302, 304 can be capacitive electrodes for
radiative techniques using electric fields.
[0059] In one aspect, the wireless power transmitter 310 can
convert a portion of DC or AC power received from a power source of
the first repeater 302 to a RF power signal. The RF power signal
can be transmitted from the power coupler 312 of the first repeater
302 through the structural element of the vehicle 306, such as the
windshield, and received by the power coupler 326 of the second
repeater 304. The wireless power receiver 324 can convert the RF
power signal received by the power coupler 326 into a DC or AC
power. The DC or AC power from the wireless power receiver 324 can
power the second repeater 304.
[0060] As discussed above, the bi-directional amplifier 328 of the
second repeater 304 can be configured to control the uplink and
downlink power supplied by the bi-directional amplifier 328
independently. In one aspect, the power supplied by the
bi-directional amplifier 328 can be configured to provide
respective power levels for the uplink and downlink signal
transmission within applicable limits that may be set by one or
more regulatory entities. In other aspects, it is to be appreciated
that the uplink transmission power level typically is greater than
the downlink transmission power level. In addition, the size of the
wireless power transmitter 310, wireless power receiver 324 and
power couplers 312, 326 tend to increase as the amount of power
needed by the second repeater 304 increases. Therefore, the
bi-directional amplifier 328 of the second repeater 304 can be
operated in a passive mode, whereby the bi-directional amplifier
328 supplies little or no additional power during transmission of
uplink signals.
[0061] In one aspect, the wireless power transfer between the first
and second repeaters 302, 304 provided by the wireless power
transmitter 310, wireless power receiver 324 and power couplers
312, 326 enable easy installation of the second repeater 304 on the
outside of the structure. Installation can be simplified because
one or more cables coupling the first and second repeaters 302, 304
are not used, and therefore do not need to be routed through or
around structural elements such as windows, doors or body panels.
Eliminating the need to route cables coupling the first and second
repeaters 302, 304, provided by the present technology, may be
particularly advantageous for consumers doing their own
installation, and/or deployment in structures that may be rented or
leased such as apartments or leased cars. The outside second
repeater 304 of the present technology also advantageously sets the
noise figure and increases performance as compared to a single
inside repeater or locating both the first and second repeaters
inside a structure.
[0062] In one aspect, the one or more conductive films 308 can be
transparent films or substantially transparent films. A conductive
film 308 can be substantially transparent when it has a visible
light transmittance of 70% or more. In one instance, the
transparent conductive films may be a film of thin metal wires. The
visibility of the one or more conductive films 308 can be
relatively low such that individuals can readily see through the
conductive film 308. In one instance, a conductive film 308,
disposed between the first and second repeaters 302, 304, can be
placed on one side or the other of the windshield of the vehicle
306. In another instance, conductive films, disposed between the
first and second repeaters 302, 304, can be placed on both side of
the windshield of the vehicle 306. In one aspect, the conductive
film 308 includes openings that can be disposed between the power
coupler 312, 326, and between the RF coupling antennas 316, 330 to
permit RF communications signal and power transmission signals to
readily couple between the bi-directional amplifiers 314, 328 of
the first and second repeaters 302, 304. The conductive film 308
can, however, block other conductive paths of the RF signals
between the first and second repeaters 302, 304 thereby reducing
feedback. The conductive film 308 therefore can be utilized to
increase antenna-to-antenna isolation between the transmission
antennas 318, 332, between the coupling antenna 316 of the first
repeater and the transmission antenna 332 of the second repeater,
and/or between the coupling antenna 330 of the second repeater 304
and the transmission antenna 318 of the first repeater 302. In
another aspect, the one or more conductive films 308 may not
include openings to increase antenna-to-antenna isolation between
the transmission antennas 318, 332, between the coupling antenna
316 of the first repeater and the transmission antenna 332 of the
second repeater, and/or between the coupling antenna 330 of the
second repeater 304 and the transmission antenna 318 of the first
repeater 302.
[0063] In one aspect, the first repeater 302 and/or the second
repeater 304 can be affixed to the structural element 306 by an
adhesive such as glue or tape. In another aspect, the first
repeater 302 and/or the second repeater 304 can be affixed to the
structural element 306 by a magnet. If the structural element 306
is non-metallic, the magnets may also be utilized to align the
power couplers 312, 326 of the first and second repeaters 302, 304.
In yet other aspects, other fastening means or combinations thereof
can be used to affix the first and second repeater 302, 304 to the
structural element, such as nails, screws, adhesive backed hook and
loop fasteners, or the like.
[0064] FIGS. 4A and 4B depict a wireless system, in accordance with
another example. In one aspect, the wireless system includes a
first repeater 402 and a second repeater 404. In one aspect, the
first repeater 402 can include an optical power transmitter (OPT)
406, one or more bi-directional amplifiers (BDA) 408, one or more
RF coupling antennas 410, and one or more optional transmission
antennas 412. In one aspect, the second repeater 404 can include an
optical power receiver (OPR) 414, one or more bi-directional
amplifiers (BDA) 416, one or more RF coupling antennas 418, and one
or more optional transmission antennas 420. The wireless system may
optionally include one or more conductive films 422 for disposition
on a structural element 424 between the first and second repeaters
402, 404. The one or more bi-directional amplifiers 408, one or
more RF coupling antennas 410 and one or more transmission antennas
412 of the first repeater 402, and the one or more bi-directional
amplifiers 416, one or more RF coupling antennas 418 and one or
more transmission antennas 420 of the second repeater 404 can
function as described above with regard to FIG. 2.
[0065] In one aspect, the optical power transmitter 406 can convert
a portion of DC or AC power received from a power source of the
first repeater 402 to optical energy. The optical energy can be
transmitted from optical power transmitter 406 of the first
repeater 402 through a transparent or substantially transparent
structural element 424, such as a window, and received by the
optical power receiver 414 of the second repeater 404. A structural
element 424 can be substantially transparent when it has a visible
light transmittance of 70% or more. The wireless power receiver 414
can convert the received optical energy into DC or AC power. The DC
or AC power from the optical power receiver 414 can power the
bi-directional amplifier 416 or any other circuits, as necessary,
of the second repeater 404. In one instance, the optical power
transmitter 406 can transmit power to the optical power receiver
414 to enable generation of approximately 500 mA of steady state
current, 1000 mA of peak current draw, and approximately 5-7.5 W of
total power for use by the circuits of the second repeater 404.
[0066] In one instance, the optical power transmitter 406 may
transmit the power as laser light to the optical power receiver
414. The laser light may be defocused in the optical power
transmitter 406 to prevent the laser light from damaging the
structural element 424 or harming individuals. Alternatively or in
addition, the optical power transmitter 406 may initially transmit
a relatively low power level of laser light. The relatively low
power laser light received at the optical power receiver 414 can be
measured to determine, as a safety mechanism, if the optical power
transmitter 406 and the optical power receiver 414 are aligned. If
the optical power transmitter 406 and optical power receiver 414
are determined to be aligned, the output power level of the laser
light may be increase to a higher power level to power the second
repeater 404.
[0067] FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C depict a wireless system, in accordance
with another example. In one aspect, the wireless system includes a
first repeater 502 and a second repeater 504. In one aspect, the
first repeater 502 can include an optical power transmitter 506,
one or more bi-directional amplifiers 508, one or more RF coupling
antennas 510, and one or more optional transmission antennas 512.
In one aspect, the second repeater 504 can include an optical power
receiver 514, one or more bi-directional amplifiers 516, one or
more RF coupling antennas 518, and one or more optional
transmission antennas 520. The wireless system may optionally
include one or more conductive films 522 for disposition on a
structural element 524 between the first and second repeaters 502,
504. The one or more bi-directional amplifiers 508, one or more RF
coupling antennas 510 and one or more transmission antennas 512 of
the first repeater 502, and the one or more bi-directional
amplifiers 516, one or more RF coupling antennas 518 and one or
more transmission antennas 520 of the second repeater 504 can
function as described above with regard to FIG. 3.
[0068] In one aspect, the optical power transmitter 506 can convert
a portion of power received from a power source of the first
repeater 502 to optical energy. The optical energy can be
transmitted from optical power transmitter 506 of the first
repeater 502 through a transparent or substantially transparent
structural element 524, such as a windshield, and received by the
optical power receiver 514 of the second repeater 504. A structural
element 524 can be substantially transparent when it has a visible
light transmittance of 70% or more. The optical power receiver 514
can convert the received optical energy into a direct current (DC)
power. The DC power from the optical power receiver 514 can power
the second repeater 504. In one instance, the optical power
transmitter 506 can transmit power to the optical power receiver
514 to enable generation of approximately 500 mA of steady state
current, 1000 mA of peak current draw, and approximately 5-7.5 W of
total power for use by the circuits of the second repeater 504.
[0069] In one instance, the optical power transmitter 506 may
transmit the power as laser light to the optical power receiver
514. The laser light may be defocused in the optical power
transmitter 506 to prevent the laser light from damaging the
structural element 524 or harming individuals. Alternatively or in
addition, the optical power transmitter 506 may initially transmit
a relatively low power level of laser light. The relatively low
power laser light received at the optical power receiver 514 can be
measured to determine, as a safety mechanism, if the optical power
transmitter 506 and the optical power receiver 514 are aligned. If
the optical power transmitter 506 and optical power receiver 514
are determined to be aligned, the output power level of the laser
light may be increase to a higher power level to power the second
repeater.
[0070] FIG. 6 depicts a wireless system, in accordance with another
example. In one aspect, the wireless system includes a first
repeater 602 and a second repeater 604. The first and second
repeaters 602, 604 are adapted for disposition opposite each other
about a structural element 606, such as a wall, window, windshield
or similar element.
[0071] In one aspect, the first and second repeaters 602, 604 can
include one or more RF channels. The RF channels can include one or
more uplink (UL) channels 608, 610 and one or more downlink (DL)
channels 612, 614. In one instance, the uplink (UL) channels 608,
611 can include one or more high band (HB) channels 616, 618 and
one or more low band (LB) channels 620, 624. Similarly, the
downlink (DL) channels 612, 614 can include one or more high band
(HB) channels 624, 626 and one or more low band (LB) channels 628,
630.
[0072] In one aspect, the first and second repeater 602, 604 can
include one or more splitters 632-638 and one or more diplexers
640-654, or similar circuits, to separate and recombine the RF
communication signals received on respective one or more
transmission antennas 656, 658 and one or more coupling antennas
660, 662. In another aspect, the splitter and diplexers, as
illustrated in FIG. 6, can be switched to allow for narrow-band
splitters. In another aspect, the splitters, as illustrated in FIG.
6, can be replaced with circulators or separate antennas. Each
channel of the first and second repeater 602, 604 can include one
or more amplifier stages 664-678. In one aspect, the one or more
amplifier stages 664-678 can be configured to amplify respective
uplink and downlink 3GPP LTE signals. In one aspect, internal
oscillations can be less likely due to the separate coupling paths
of the uplink and downlink channels.
[0073] In one aspect, the first repeater 602 also includes a
wireless power transmitter 680 and a power coupler 682. The second
repeater 604 also includes a wireless power receiver 684 and a
power coupler 686. In one aspect, the power couplers 682, 686 of
the first and second repeaters 602, 604 can be inductive coils for
non-radiative techniques using magnetic fields. In another aspect,
the power couplers 682, 686 of the first and second repeaters 602,
604 can be capacitive electrodes for radiative techniques using
electric fields.
[0074] In one aspect, the wireless power transmitter 680 can
convert a portion of DC or AC power received from a power source of
the first repeater 602 to a RF power signal. The RF power signal
can be transmitted from the power coupler 682 of the first repeater
602 through the structural element 606 and received by the power
coupler 686 of the second repeater 604. The wireless power receiver
684 can convert the RF power signal received by the power coupler
686 into DC or AC power. The DC or AC power from the wireless power
receiver 684 can power the circuitry of the second repeater 604. In
one instance, the wireless power transmitter 680 can transmit power
to the wireless power receiver 684 to enable generation of
approximately 500 mA of steady state current, 1000 mA of peak
current draw, and approximately 5-7.5 W of total power for use by
the circuits of the second repeater 604.
[0075] In one aspect, the Single-Input-Single-Output (SISO)
architecture of the first and second repeater 602, 604 may be
characterized by lower current draw, as compared to conventional
repeater architectures. The reduced current draw in the second
repeater 604 may advantageously enable a reduction of the amount of
power needed to be transferred between the wireless power
transmitter 680 and wireless power receiver 684, and also enable a
reduction in the size of the power couplers 682, 686.
[0076] In another aspect, the first repeater 602 can include an
optical power transmitter and the second repeater 604 can include
an optical power receiver. In one aspect, the optical power
transmitter can convert a portion of power received from a power
source of the first repeater 602 to optical energy. The optical
energy can be transmitted from optical power transmitter of the
first repeater 602 through a transparent or substantially
transparent structural element 606, such as a window, and received
by the optical power receiver of the second repeater 604. A
structural element 606 can be substantially transparent when it has
a visible light transmittance of 70% or more. The optical power
receiver can convert the received optical energy into DC or AC
power. The DC or AC power from the optical power receiver can power
the circuitry of the second repeater 604. In one instance, the
optical power transmitter can transmit power to the optical power
receiver to enable generation of approximately 500 mA of steady
state current, 1000 mA of peak current draw, and approximately
5-7.5 W of total power for use by the circuits of the second
repeater 604.
[0077] In one aspect, the wireless system may optionally include
one or more conductive films for disposition between the first and
second repeaters 602, 604. In one aspect, the one or more
conductive films can be transparent or substantially transparent
films. A conductive film can be substantially transparent when it
has a visible light transmittance of 70% or more. In one instance,
the transparent conductive films may be a film of thin metal wires.
The visibility of the one or more conductive films can be
relatively low such that individuals can readily see through the
conductive films. In one instance, a conductive film disposed
between the first and second repeaters 602, 604 can be placed on
one side or the other of the structural element 606. In another
instance, conductive films disposed between the first and second
repeaters 602, 604 can be placed on both side of the structural
element 606. In one aspect, the one or more conductive films
include openings that can be disposed between the power couplers
682, 686, and between the RF coupling antennas 660, 662 to permit
RF communications signal and power transmission signals to readily
couple between the first and second repeaters 602, 604. The
conductive film can, however, block other conductive paths of the
RF signals between the first and second repeater 602, 604 thereby
reducing feedback. The conductive film therefore can be utilized to
increase antenna-to-antenna isolation between the transmission
antennas 656, 658, between the coupling antenna 660 of the first
repeater 602 and the transmission antenna 658 of the second
repeater 604, and/or between the coupling antenna 662 of the second
repeater 604 and the transmission antenna 656 of the first repeater
602. In another aspect, the one or more conductive films may not
include openings to increase antenna-to-antenna isolation between
the transmission antennas 656,658, between the coupling antenna 660
of the first repeater 602 and the transmission antenna 658 of the
second repeater 604, and/or between the coupling antenna 662 of the
second repeater 604 and the transmission antenna 656 of the first
repeater 602.
[0078] FIG. 7 depicts a wireless system, in accordance with another
example. In one aspect, the wireless system includes a first
repeater 702 and a second repeater 704. The first and second
repeaters 702, 704 are adapted for disposition opposite each other
about a structural element 706, such as a wall, a window, a
windshield or similar element.
[0079] In one aspect, the first and second repeaters 702, 704 can
include one or more RF channels. The RF channels can include one or
more uplink (UL) channels 708, 710 and one or more downlink (DL)
channels 712, 714. In one instance, the uplink (UL) channels 708,
710 can include one or more high band (HB) channels 716, 718 and
one or more low band (LB) channels 720, 722. Similarly, the
downlink (DL) channels 712, 714 can include one or more high band
(HB) channels 724, 726 and one or more low band (LB) channels 728,
730.
[0080] In one aspect, the first and second repeater 702, 704 can
include one or more splitters 732, 734 and one or more diplexers
736-750, or similar circuits, to separate and recombine the RF
communication signals received on respective one or more
transmission antennas 752, 754 and one or more coupling antennas
756-762. In another aspect, the splitter and diplexers, as
illustrated in FIG. 7, can be switched to allow for narrow-band
splitters. In another aspect, the splitters, as illustrated in FIG.
7, can be replaced with circulators or separate antennas. Each
channel of the first and second repeater 702, 704 can include one
or more amplifier stages 764-778. In one aspect, the one or more
amplifier stages 764-778 can be configured to amplify respective
uplink and downlink 3GPP LTE signals. In one aspect, internal
oscillations can be less likely due to the separate coupling paths
of the uplink and downlink channels.
[0081] In one aspect, the first repeater 702 also includes a
wireless power transmitter 780 and a power coupler 782. The second
repeater 704 also includes a wireless power receiver 784 and a
power coupler 786. In one aspect, the power couplers 782, 786 of
the first and second repeaters 702, 704 can be inductive coils for
non-radiative techniques using magnetic fields. In another aspect,
the power couplers 782, 786 of the first and second repeaters 702,
704 can be capacitive electrodes for radiative techniques using
electric fields.
[0082] In one aspect, the wireless power transmitter 780 can
convert a portion of DC or AC power received from a power source of
the first repeater 702 to a RF power signal. The RF power signal
can be transmitted from the power coupler 782 of the first repeater
702 through the structural element 706 and received by the power
coupler 786 of the second repeater 704. The wireless power receiver
784 can convert the RF power signal received by the power coupler
786 into DC or AC power. The DC or AC power from the wireless power
receiver 784 can power the circuitry of the second repeater 704. In
one instance, the wireless power transmitter 780 can transmit power
to the wireless power receiver 786 to enable generation of
approximately 500 mA of steady state current, 1000 mA of peak
current draw, and approximately 5-7.5 W of total power for use by
the circuits of the second repeater 704.
[0083] In one aspect, the SISO architecture of the first and second
repeater 702, 704 may be characterized by lower current draw, as
compared to conventional repeater architectures. The reduced
current draw in the second repeater 704 may advantageously enable a
reduction of the amount of power needed to be transferred between
the wireless power transmitter 780 and wireless power receiver 784,
and also enable a reduction in the size of the power couplers 782,
786.
[0084] In another aspect, the first repeater 702 can include an
optical power transmitter and the second repeater 704 can include
an optical power receiver. In one aspect, the optical power
transmitter can convert a portion of power received from a power
source of the first repeater 702 to optical energy. The optical
energy can be transmitted from optical power transmitter of the
first repeater 702 through a transparent or substantially
transparent structural element 706, such as a window, and received
by the optical power receiver of the second repeater 704. A
structural element 706 can be substantially transparent when it has
a visible light transmittance of 70% or more. The optical power
receiver can convert the received optical energy into DC power. The
DC power from the optical power receiver can power the circuitry of
the second repeater 704. In one instance, the optical power
transmitter can transmit power to the optical power receiver to
enable generation of approximately 500 mA of steady state current,
1000 mA of peak current draw, and approximately 5-7.5 W of total
power for use by the circuits of the second repeater 704.
[0085] In one aspect, the wireless system may optionally include
one or more conductive films for disposition between the first and
second repeaters 702, 704. In one aspect, the one or more
conductive films can be transparent or substantially transparent
films. A conductive film can be substantially transparent when it
has a visible light transmittance of 70% or more. In one instance,
the transparent conductive films may be a film of thin metal wires.
The visibility of the one or more conductive films can be
relatively low such that individuals can readily see through the
conductive films. In one instance, a conductive film, disposed
between the first and second repeaters 702, 704, can be placed on
one side or the other of the structural element 706. In another
instance, conductive films, disposed between the first and second
repeaters 702, 704, can be placed on both side of the structural
element 706. In one aspect, the one or more conductive films
include openings that can be disposed between the power couplers
782, 786, and between the RF coupling antennas 756-762 to permit RF
communications signal and power transmission signals to readily
couple between the first and second repeaters 702, 704. The
conductive film can, however, block other conductive paths of the
RF signals between the first and second repeater 702, 704 thereby
reducing feedback. The conductive film therefore can be utilized to
increase antenna-to-antenna isolation between the transmission
antennas 752, 754, between the coupling antennas 756, 760 of the
first repeater 702 and the transmission antenna 754 of the second
repeater 704, and/or between the coupling antennas 758, 762 of the
second repeater 704 and the transmission antenna 752 of the first
repeater 702. In another aspect, the one or more conductive films
may not include openings to increase antenna-to-antenna isolation
between the transmission antennas 752, 754, between the coupling
antenna 756,760 of the first repeater 702 and the transmission
antenna 754 of the second repeater 704, and/or between the coupling
antenna 758, 762 of the second repeater 704 and the transmission
antenna 752 of the first repeater 702.
[0086] FIG. 8 depicts a wireless system, in accordance with another
example. In one aspect, the wireless system includes a first
repeater 802 and a second repeater 804. The first and second
repeaters 802, 804 are adapted for disposition opposite each other
about a structural element 806, such as a wall, a window, a
windshield or similar element.
[0087] In one aspect, the first and second repeaters 802, 804 can
include one or more RF channels. The RF channels can include one or
more uplink (UL) channels 808, 810 and one or more downlink (DL)
channels 812, 814. In one instance, the uplink (UL) channels 808,
810 can include one or more high band (HB) channels 816, 818 and
one or more low band (LB) channels 820, 822. Similarly, the
downlink (DL) channels 812, 814 can include one or more high band
(HB) channels 824, 826 and one or more low band (LB) channels 828,
830.
[0088] In one aspect, the first and second repeater 802, 804 can
include one or more splitters 832-842 and one or more diplexers
844-850, or similar circuits, to separate and recombine the RF
communication signals received on respective one or more
transmission antennas 852, 854 and one or more coupling antennas
856-862. In another aspect, the splitter and diplexers, as
illustrated in FIG. 8, can be switched to allow for narrow-band
splitters. In another aspect, the splitters, as illustrated in FIG.
8, can be replaced with circulators or separate antennas. Each
channel of the first and second repeater 802, 804 can include one
or more amplifier stages 864-878. In one aspect, the one or more
amplifier stages 864-878 can be configured to amplify respective
uplink and downlink 3GPP LTE signals. In one aspect, internal
oscillations can be less likely due to the separate coupling paths
of the uplink and downlink channels.
[0089] In one aspect, the first repeater 802 also includes a
wireless power transmitter 880 and a power coupler 882. The second
repeater 804 also includes a wireless power receiver 884 and a
power coupler 886. In one aspect, the power couplers 882, 886 of
the first and second repeaters 802, 804 can be inductive coils for
non-radiative techniques using magnetic fields. In another aspect,
the power couplers 882, 886 of the first and second repeaters 802,
804 can be capacitive electrodes for radiative techniques using
electric fields.
[0090] In one aspect, the wireless power transmitter 880 can
convert a portion of DC or AC power received from a power source of
the first repeater 002 to a RF power signal. The RF power signal
can be transmitted from the power coupler 882 of the first repeater
802 through the structural element 806 and received by the power
coupler 886 of the second repeater 804. The wireless power receiver
884 can convert the RF power signal received by the power coupler
886 into DC or AC power. The DC or AC power from the wireless power
receiver 884 can power the circuitry of the second repeater 804. In
one instance, the wireless power transmitter 880 can transmit power
to the wireless power receiver 884 to enable generation of
approximately 500 mA of steady state current, 1000 mA of peak
current draw, and approximately 5-7.5 W of total power for use by
the circuits of the second repeater 804.
[0091] In one aspect, the SISO architecture of the first and second
repeater 802, 804 may be characterized by lower current draw, as
compared to conventional repeater architectures. The reduced
current draw in the second repeater 804 may advantageously enable a
reduction of the amount of power needed to be transferred between
the wireless power transmitter 880 and wireless power receiver 884,
and also enable a reduction in the size of the power couplers 882,
886.
[0092] In another aspect, the first repeater 802 can include an
optical power transmitter and the second repeater 804 can include
an optical power receiver. In one aspect, the optical power
transmitter can convert a portion of DC or AC power received from a
power source of the first repeater 802 to optical energy. The
optical energy can be transmitted from optical power transmitter of
the first repeater 802 through a transparent or substantially
transparent structural element 806, such as a window, and received
by the optical power receiver of the second repeater 804. A
structural element 806 can be substantially transparent when it has
a visible light transmittance of 70% or more. The optical power
receiver can convert the received optical energy into DC or AC
power. The DC or AC power from the optical power receiver can power
the circuitry of the second repeater 804. In one instance, the
optical power transmitter can transmit power to the optical power
receiver to enable generation of approximately 500 mA of steady
state current, 1000 mA of peak current draw, and approximately
5-7.5 W of total power for use by the circuits of the second
repeater 804.
[0093] In one aspect, the wireless system may optionally include
one or more conductive films for disposition between the first and
second repeaters 802, 804. In one aspect, the one or more
conductive films can be transparent or substantially transparent
films. A conductive film can be substantially transparent when it
has a visible light transmittance of 70% or more. In one instance,
the transparent conductive films may be a film of thin metal wires.
The visibility of the one or more conductive films can be
relatively low such that individuals can readily see through the
conductive films. In one instance, a conductive film, disposed
between the first and second repeaters 802, 804, can be placed on
one side or the other of the structural element 806. In another
instance, conductive films, disposed between the first and second
repeaters 802, 804, can be placed on both side of the structural
element 806. In one aspect, the one or more conductive films
include openings that can be disposed between the power couplers
882, 886, and between the RF coupling antennas 856-862 to permit RF
communications signal and power transmission signals to readily
couple between the first and second repeaters 802, 784. The
conductive film can, however, block other conductive paths of the
RF signals between the first and second repeater 802, 804 thereby
reducing feedback. The conductive film therefore can be utilized to
increase antenna-to-antenna isolation between the transmission
antennas 852, 854, between the coupling antennas 856, 860 of the
first repeater 802 and the transmission antenna 854 of the second
repeater 804, and/or between the coupling antennas 858, 862 of the
second repeater 804 and the transmission antenna 852 of the first
repeater 802. In another aspect, the one or more conductive films
may not include openings to increase antenna-to-antenna isolation
between the transmission antennas 852, 854, between the coupling
antenna 856, 860 of the first repeater 802 and the transmission
antenna 854 of the second repeater 804, and/or between the coupling
antenna 858, 862 of the second repeater 804 and the transmission
antenna 852 of the first repeater 802.
[0094] FIG. 9 depict a wireless system, in accordance with another
example. In one aspect, the wireless system includes a first
repeater 902, a first wireless power unit 904, a second repeater
906, and a second wireless power unit 908. The wireless system may
optionally include one or more conductive films 910 for disposition
on a structural element 912 between the first and second wireless
power units 904, 906.
[0095] In one aspect, the first repeater 902 can include one or
more bi-directional amplifiers (BDA) 914, one or more RF coupling
antennas 916, and one or more optional transmission antennas 918.
In one aspect, the second repeater 906 can include one or more
bi-directional amplifiers 920, one or more RF coupling antennas
922, and one or more optional transmission antennas 924. The one or
more bi-directional amplifiers 914, one or more RF coupling
antennas 916 and one or more transmission antennas 916 of the first
repeater 902, and the one or more bi-directional amplifiers 920,
one or more RF coupling antennas 922 and one or more transmission
antennas 924 of the second repeater 906 can function as described
above with regard to FIGS. 2A-8.
[0096] In one aspect, the first wireless power unit 904 can be
coupled to the first repeater 902 by one or more conductive power
links 926, and the second wireless power unit 908 can be coupled to
the second repeater 906 by one or more conductive power links 928.
In one instance, the conductive power links 926, 928 may be one or
more cables configured to electrically couple the first and second
wireless power units 904, 908 to the respective first and second
repeaters 902, 906. In one aspect, the first wireless power unit
904 can include a wireless power transmitter (WPT) 930 and a power
coupler 932. In one aspect, the second wireless power unit 908 can
include a wireless power receiver (WPR) 934 and a power coupler
936. In one aspect, the wireless power transmitter 930 can convert
a portion of Direct Current (DC) or Alternating Current (AC)
electrical power received from a power source of the first repeater
902 to a RF power signal. The RF power signal can be transmitted
from the power coupler 932 of the first wireless power unit 904
through the structural element 912 and received by the power
coupler 936 of the second wireless power unit 908. The wireless
power receiver 908 can convert the RF power signal received by the
power coupler 936 into DC or AC electrical power. The DC or AC
electrical power from the wireless power receiver 934 can power the
second repeater 906. In one instance, the wireless power
transmitter 930 can transmit power to the wireless power receiver
934 to enable generation of approximately 500 mA of steady state
current, 1000 mA of peak current draw, and approximately 5-7.5 W of
total power for use by the circuits of the second repeater 906.
[0097] In another aspect, the first wireless power unit 904 can
include an optical power transmitter, and the second wireless power
unit 908 can include an optical power receiver. In one aspect, the
optical power transmitter can convert a portion of DC or AC power
received from a power source of the first repeater 902 to optical
energy. The optical energy can be transmitted from optical power
transmitter through a transparent or substantially transparent
structural element 912, such as a window or windshield, and
received by the optical power receiver. A structural element 912
can be substantially transparent when it has a visible light
transmittance of 70% or more. The wireless power receiver can
convert the received optical energy into DC or AC power. The DC or
AC power from the optical power receiver can power the second
repeater 906. In one instance, the optical power transmitter 930
can transmit power to the optical power receiver 934 to enable
generation of approximately 500 mA of steady state current, 1000 mA
of peak current draw, and approximately 5-7.5 W of total power for
use by the circuits of the second repeater 906.
[0098] In one instance, the optical power transmitter 930 may
transmit the power as laser light to the optical power receiver
934. The laser light may be defocused in the optical power
transmitter 930 to prevent the laser light from damaging the
structural element 912 or harming individuals. Alternatively or in
addition, the optical power transmitter 930 may initially transmit
a relatively low power level of laser light. The relatively low
power laser light received at the optical power receiver 934 can be
measured to determine, as a safety mechanism, if the optical power
transmitter 930 and the optical power receiver 934 are aligned. If
the optical power transmitter 930 and optical power receiver 934
are determined to be aligned, the output power level of the laser
light transmitted by the optical power transmitter 930 may be
increase to a higher power level to power the second repeater
906.
[0099] In one aspect, the combination of the first wireless power
unit 904 coupled to the first repeater 902 by one or more
conductive power links 926, and the second wireless power unit 908
coupled to the second repeater 906 by one or more conductive power
links 928 advantageously enables the first and second wireless
power units 904, 908 to be placed on a structural element 912 such
as a window or windshield adapted for transferring power between
the wireless power units 904, 908. The first and second repeaters
902, 906 in turn can be place on a different structural element
adapted for transferring RF signals between the repeaters 902, 906
or desired placement of the transmission antennas 918, 924 of the
repeaters 902, 906. The separate first and second wireless power
units 904, 908, will typically have a reduced form factor which may
advantageously reduce the visible obstruction of the first and
second wireless power unit 904, 908 when placed for example on a
windshield and the first and second repeaters 902, 906 are placed
on a car body panel. The separate first and second wireless power
units 904, 908 may also advantageously be sold separately from the
first and second repeaters 902, 906 so that customers can choose
the wireless power function as a peripheral depending upon the
particular customer's application for example, and also
advantageously be added later as a particular customer's
application changes.
[0100] FIG. 10 depict a wireless system, in accordance with another
example. In one aspect, the wireless system includes a first
repeater 1005 and a second repeater 1010. In one aspect, the first
repeater 1005 is configured to compensate for RF transmission loss
across a structural element 1015 disposed between the first and
second repeaters 1005, 1010. In another aspect, the second repeater
1010 is configured to compensate for RF transmission loss across
the structural element 1015. In yet another aspect, the first
repeater 1005 is configured to compensate for a first portion of
the RF transmission loss and the second repeater 1010 is configured
to compensate for a second portion of the RF transmission loss
across the structural element 1015.
[0101] In one aspect, the first repeater 1005 can be disposed
outside a structure and the second repeater 1010 can be disposed
inside the structure. In one instance, the structure can be a
residential or commercial building. In one instance, the structural
element 1015 can be a wall, door or window of the building. In
another instance, the structure can be a vehicle such as a car,
bus, train, truck, boat, or recreational vehicle (RV). In one
aspect, the first repeater is coupled to power outside the
structure. In one instance, the structural element 1015 can be a
windshield or window of the vehicle.
[0102] In one aspect, the first repeater 1005 can be coupled to
power outside the structure, and the second repeater 1010 can be
coupled to power inside the structure. In one instance, the first
repeater 1005 can be plugged into an outside electrical outlet
1020, and the second repeater 1010 can be plugged into an inside
electrical outlet 1025 of the structure. In another instance, the
first repeater 1005 can be wired to a battery of the vehicle, and
the second repeater 1010 can be plugged into a power outlet within
the vehicle.
[0103] In one aspect, the first repeater 1005 can include one or
more bi-directional amplifiers (BDA) 1030, one or more RF coupling
antennas 1035, and one or more optional transmission antennas 1040.
In one aspect, the second repeater 1010 can include one or more
bi-directional amplifiers 1045, one or more RF coupling antennas
1050, and one or more optional transmission antennas 1055. The one
or more bi-directional amplifiers 1030, one or more RF coupling
antennas 1035 and one or more transmission antennas 1040 of the
first repeater 1005, and the one or more bi-directional amplifiers
1045, one or more RF coupling antennas 1050 and one or more
transmission antennas 1055 of the second repeater 1010 can function
as described above with regard to FIGS. 2A-8.
[0104] The wireless system may optionally include one or more
conductive films for disposition on a structural element 1015
between the first and second repeater 1005, 1010. In one aspect,
the one or more conductive films can be transparent or
substantially transparent films. A conductive film can be
substantially transparent when it has a visible light transmittance
of 70% or more. In one instance, the transparent conductive films
may be a film of thin metal wires. The visibility of the one or
more conductive films can be relatively low such that individuals
can readily see through the conductive films. In one instance, a
conductive film disposed between the first and second repeaters
1005, 1010 can be placed on one side or the other of the structural
element 1015. In another instance, conductive films disposed
between the first and second repeaters 1005, 1010 can be placed on
both side of the structural element 1015. In one aspect, the one or
more conductive films include openings that can be disposed between
the RF coupling antennas 1035, 1050 to permit RF communications
signal to readily couple between the first and second repeaters
1005, 1010. The conductive film can, however, block other
conductive paths of the RF signals between the first and second
repeater 1005, 1010 thereby reducing feedback. The conductive film
therefore can be utilized to increase antenna-to-antenna isolation
between the transmission antennas 1040, 1055, between the coupling
antenna 1035 of the first repeater 1005 and the transmission
antenna 1055 of the second repeater 1010, and/or between the
coupling antenna 1050 of the second repeater 1010 and the
transmission antenna 1040 of the first repeater 1005. In another
aspect, the one or more conductive films may not include openings
to increase antenna-to-antenna isolation between the transmission
antennas 1040, 1055, between the coupling antenna 1035 of the first
repeater 1005 and the transmission antenna 1055 of the second
repeater 1010, and/or between the coupling antenna 1050 of the
second repeater 1010 and the transmission antenna 1040 of the first
repeater 1010.
[0105] FIG. 11 depict a wireless system, in accordance with another
example. In one aspect, the wireless system includes a first
repeater 1105 and a second repeater 1110. In one aspect, the first
repeater 1105 is configured to compensate for RF transmission loss
across a structural element 1115 disposed between the first and
second repeaters 1105, 1110. In another aspect, the second repeater
1110 is configured to compensate for RF transmission loss across
the structural element 1115. In yet another aspect, the first
repeater 1105 is configured to compensate for a first portion of
the RF transmission loss and the second repeater 1110 is configured
to compensate for a second portion of the RF transmission loss
across the structural element 1115.
[0106] In one aspect, the first repeater 1105 can be disposed
outside a structure and the second repeater 1110 can be disposed
inside the structure. In one instance, the structure can be a
residential or commercial building. In one instance, the structural
element 1115 can be a wall, door or window of the building. In
another instance, the structure can be a vehicle such as a car,
bus, train, truck, boat, or recreational vehicle (RV). In one
instance, the structural element 1115 can be a windshield or window
of the vehicle.
[0107] In one aspect, the first repeater 1105 can be power by a
solar panel, and the second repeater 1110 can be coupled to power
inside the structure. In one instance, the first repeater 1105 can
be wired to a solar panel 1120 on the outside of the structure, and
the second repeater 1110 can be plugged into an inside electrical
outlet 1125 of the structure. In another instance, the first
repeater 1105 can be wired to a solar panel mounted on a vehicle,
and the second repeater 1110 can be plugged into a power outlet
within the vehicle.
[0108] In one aspect, the first repeater 1105 can include one or
more bi-directional amplifiers (BDA) 1130, one or more RF coupling
antennas 1135, and one or more optional transmission antennas 1140.
In one aspect, the second repeater 1110 can include one or more
bi-directional amplifiers 1145, one or more RF coupling antennas
1150, and one or more optional transmission antennas 1155. The one
or more bi-directional amplifiers 1130, one or more RF coupling
antennas 1135 and one or more transmission antennas 1140 of the
first repeater 1105, and the one or more bi-directional amplifiers
1145, one or more RF coupling antennas 1150 and one or more
transmission antennas 1155 of the second repeater 1110 can function
as described above with regard to FIGS. 2A-8.
[0109] The wireless system may optionally include one or more
conductive films for disposition on a structural element 1115
between the first and second repeater 1105, 1110. In one aspect,
the one or more conductive films can be transparent or
substantially transparent films. A conductive film can be
substantially transparent when it has a visible light transmittance
of 70% or more. In one instance, the transparent conductive films
may be a film of thin metal wires. The visibility of the one or
more conductive films can be relatively low such that individuals
can readily see through the conductive films. In one instance, a
conductive film disposed between the first and second repeaters
1105, 1110 can be placed on one side or the other of the structural
element 1115. In another instance, conductive films disposed
between the first and second repeaters 1105, 1110 can be placed on
both side of the structural element 1115. In one aspect, the one or
more conductive films include openings that can be disposed between
the RF coupling antennas 1135, 1150 to permit RF communications
signal to readily couple between the first and second repeaters
1105, 1110. The conductive film can, however, block other
conductive paths of the RF signals between the first and second
repeater 1105, 1110 thereby reducing feedback. The conductive film
therefore can be utilized to increase antenna-to-antenna isolation
between the transmission antennas 1140, 1155, between the coupling
antenna 1135 of the first repeater 1105 and the transmission
antenna 1155 of the second repeater 1110, and/or between the
coupling antenna 1150 of the second repeater 1110 and the
transmission antenna 1140 of the first repeater 1105. In another
aspect, the one or more conductive films may not include openings
to increase antenna-to-antenna isolation between the transmission
antennas 1140, 1155, between the coupling antenna 1135 of the first
repeater 1105 and the transmission antenna 1155 of the second
repeater 1110, and/or between the coupling antenna 1150 of the
second repeater 1110 and the transmission antenna 1140 of the first
repeater 1105.
[0110] FIG. 12 depicts a wireless system, in accordance with
another example. In one aspect, the wireless system includes a
first repeater 1202 and a second repeater 1204. In one aspect, the
first repeater 1202 can include an optical power transmitter (OPT)
1206, one or more bi-directional amplifiers (BDA) 1208, one or more
RF-optical converters (ROC) 1210, one or more optical signal
transceivers 1212, and one or more optional transmission antennas
1214. In one aspect, the second repeater 1204 can include an
optical power receiver (OPR) 1216, one or more bi-directional
amplifiers (BDA) 1218, one or more RF-optical converters (ROC)
1220, one or more optical signal transceivers 1222, and one or more
optional transmission antennas 1224. The first and second repeaters
1202 and 1204 can be disposed about a structural element 1226. The
one or more bi-directional amplifiers 1208 of the first repeater
1202, and the one or more bi-directional amplifiers 1218 of the
second repeater 1204 can function as described above with regard to
FIG. 2.
[0111] In one aspect, the one or more RF-optical converters (ROC)
1210 can be coupled between the one or more bi-direction amplifiers
(BDA) 1208 and the one or more optical signal transceivers 1212 of
the first repeater 1202. The RF-optical converters (ROC) 1210 can
convert one or more RF communication signals from the one or more
bi-directional amplifiers (BDA) 1208 to one or more optical
communication signals for the one or more optical signal
transceivers 1212. The RF-optical converters (ROC) 1210 can also
convert one or more optical communication signals from the one or
more optical transceivers 1212 to one or more RF communication
signals for the one or more bi-directional amplifiers (BDA) 1208.
Similarly, one or more RF-optical converters (ROC) 1220 can be
coupled between the one or more bi-direction amplifiers (BDA) 1218
and the one or more optical signal transceivers 1222 of the second
repeater 1204. The RF-optical converters (ROC) 1220 can convert one
or more RF communication signals from the one or more
bi-directional amplifiers (BDA) 1218 to one or more optical
communication signals for the one or more optical signal
transceivers 1222. The RF-optical converters (ROC) 1220 can also
convert one or more optical communication signals from the one or
more optical transceivers 1222 to one or more RF communication
signals for the one or more bi-directional amplifiers (BDA)
1218.
[0112] In one aspect, the structural element 1226, such as a
window, windshield or similar transparent element can appreciably
reduce the signal strength of RF communication signals, such as
uplink and downlink 3GPP LTE signals. Therefore, the RF-optical
converters (ROC) 1210, 1220 can up-convert RF signals to optical
signals and down-convert optical signal to RF signals. The optical
signals can then be readily transmitted between the optical
transceivers 1212, 1222 through one or more transparent or
substantially transparent structural elements 1226. A structural
element 1226 can be substantially transparent when it has a visible
light transmittance of 70% or more. The term optical signal is not
intended to be limiting. In one example, an optical signal, as used
herein, can include a microwave frequency, a millimeter wave
frequency, a terahertz frequency, or an optical frequency.
Typically, a radio frequency is selected that has a lower loss
through glass relative to a loss of the RF communication signals
communicated between the device 110 and the base station 120 tower
(see FIG. 1), when transmitted through glass.
[0113] In one aspect, the optical power transmitter 1206 can
convert a portion of DC or AC power received from a power source of
the first repeater 1202 to optical energy. The optical energy can
be transmitted from optical power transmitter 1206 of the first
repeater 1202 through a transparent or substantially transparent
structural element 1226, such as a window, and received by the
optical power receiver 1216 of the second repeater 1204. A
structural element 1226 can be substantially transparent when it
has a visible light transmittance of 70% or more. The wireless
power receiver 1216 can convert the received optical energy into DC
or AC power. The DC or AC power from the optical power receiver
12116 can power the bi-directional amplifier 1218, RF-optical
converters 1220 or any other circuits, as necessary, of the second
repeater 1204.
[0114] FIG. 13 depicts repeater system, in accordance with another
example. In one aspect, the system includes a repeater 1302, an
antenna 1304 and a flat cable 1306. The repeater 1302 and antenna
1304 are adapted for disposition opposite each other about a
structural element 1308, such as a window, door or similar element.
When the repeater 1302 and antenna 1304 are mounted on either side
of a structural element they comprise a closely-contained system.
Alternatively, the repeater 1302 and antenna 1304 may not be
disposed opposite each other about the structural element 1308. In
one instance, the repeater 1302 can be an inside repeater adapted
for placement within a structure, and the antenna 1304 can be
adapted for placement outside the structure attached to a window,
wall or the like. In one aspect, the antenna can be a passive
antenna. Alternatively, an antenna with an amplifier or other
active components may be used.
[0115] In one aspect, the repeater can include one or more
bi-directional amplifiers (BDA) 1310, and one or more optional
transmission antennas 1312. The one or more transmission antennas
1312 may be integral to the repeater 1302, or may be separate from
the first repeater 1302, but removably coupled to the
bi-directional amplifier 1310 (e.g., remote external transmission
antenna), optionally by one or more wired communication links
(e.g., coaxial cable). The one or more bi-directional amplifiers
1310 can function as described above with regard to FIG. 2. In one
aspect, the passive antenna 1304 can include an antenna, mounting
structure and connector. The mounting structure can be adapted to
be attached to the structural element 1302. The connecter can be
adapted to couple the antenna to the flat cable 1306. The passive
antenna can be a directional antenna adapted for fixed structures
such as buildings, or an omni-directional antenna for mobile
structures such as vehicles.
[0116] In one aspect, the flat cable 1306 can couple the repeater
1302 to the passive antenna 1304. In one aspect, the flat cable can
include a body with a first coupler for coupling the repeater 1302
to a first end of the body and a second coupler for coupling to the
passive antenna 1304 to a second end of the body. In one aspect,
the body may include an approximately square or rectangular
cross-sectional shape. The body may include a strip-line of
sufficient width and dimensions such that general strip-line
electromagnetic field principles apply to the body. The body may be
formed using materials for printed circuit boards. In particular,
the body may be formed using materials for flexible printed circuit
boards. Alternatively, a polyimide film, such as Kapton, may be
used to form selected layers of the body. In some embodiments, the
body may be constructed using material such that a general geometry
of the body does not substantially change with the application of a
perpendicular force to the body.
[0117] In one aspect, the flat cable 1306 includes a first ground
layer, a second ground layer, a dielectric material, and a
strip-line. The first ground layer and the second ground layer may
be outer surfaces of two of the sides of the flat cable 1306, such
that the dielectric material and the strip-line are positioned
between the first and second ground layers.
[0118] In one aspect, the ground layer can be substantially flat.
The dielectric material can also be formed of layers. For example,
a first dielectric layer may be located below the strip-line. A
second dielectric layer may be located above the strip-line. Each
dielectric layer can be substantially flat and positioned in
parallel to the ground layer. The strip-line can be parallel to the
ground layer and the layers of the dielectric material. The top
ground layer can be substantially flat and parallel to the
dielectric layers, strip-line, and ground layer. The top ground
layer, dielectric layers, strip-line, and bottom ground layer can
form a vertical sandwich that comprises the flat cable 1306.
[0119] In one aspect, the ground layers can be comprised of a solid
conductor. Alternatively, the ground layers can be configured as a
braided wire, or wire thread mesh, comprised of a plurality of
thinner wires to form a ground layer. The first ground layer may
have a thickness that may be similar or different. In some
embodiments, the thickness may range between 10 micrometers (.mu.m)
and 100 .mu.m each. A thickness of each individual strand in the
braided wire or wire thread mesh may be less than a thickness of a
solid conductor. The reduced thickness of each strand can allow the
flat cable 1306 to have a shorter bend radius without damaging or
kinking the ground layers since the thinner conductors forming the
braided wire or wire thread can be bent at a shorter bend radius
without significantly changing the impedance or other radio
frequency characteristics of the flat cable 1306 relative to a
thicker, solid conductor ground layer. The type of braided wire or
wire thread mesh can depend on the frequency of the signal
traveling over the flat cable 1306. The braided wire or wire thread
mesh can be configured to have through holes that are substantially
smaller than a wavelength of the signal. For example, less than
1/2, 1/4, 1/8, or 1/16.sup.th of the wavelength of the signal
traveling over the cable.
[0120] The first ground layer may be formed of a solid flexible
conductor. Alternately or additionally, the first ground layer may
be formed from a hatched, stranded, or other type of flexible
conductor. The conductor types used in the first ground layer may
be copper, Kapton, gold, silver, or aluminum, among other types of
conductors. The second ground layer may be formed in a manner
analogous to the first ground layer with a similar material or the
second ground layer may be different from the first ground
layer.
[0121] In one aspect, the strip-line may be configured to be
approximately centered between the first and second ground layers
and approximately centered between lateral edges of the first and
second ground layers. Alternately or additionally, the strip-line
may be configured to be offset from the center between the first
and second ground layers and/or offset from the center between
lateral edges of the first and second ground layers. The strip-line
may include a conductive material and may be configured to carry a
signal through the flat cable 1306. For example, the conductive
material may be copper, Kapton, silver, gold, or aluminum, among
other types of conductive material. In one example embodiment, a
conductive tape, such as 3M.RTM. 1170, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1190,
1194, or 1245 may be used.
[0122] In one aspect, the strip-line may have a thickness and a
width. In some embodiments, the width may be at least twice as
large as the thickness. In some embodiments, the width may be such
that strip-line electromagnetic field theory may be applied to
understand the electromagnetic effect to a signal traversing the
strip-line. In some embodiments, the thickness may be between 35
and 150 .mu.m.
[0123] In one aspect, the strip-line may be sized and the
conductive material for the strip-line may be selected such that
the strip-line provides a particular impedance, such as 50 or 75
ohms. In these and other embodiments, the particular impedance may
be selected and the strip-line may be sized and the conductive
material selected based on a system within which the flat cable
1306 may be configured to operate. For example, the impedance of
the strip-line may be designed to substantially match an impedance
of the system within which the flat cable 1306 is configured to
operate.
[0124] In one aspect, the strip-line can be configured to carry a
direct current (DC) signal and an alternating current (AC) signal.
The DC signal may be used to provide power. The AC signal may be
used to carry information. In one aspect, the DC signal and/or AC
signal can be used to power an active antenna, such as an antenna
with an amplifier or other types of powered, active components.
[0125] In one aspect, the strip-line can be formed of a single
conductor. The single conductor may be a wire. Alternatively, the
strip line can be printed on a surface, such as a surface of a
dielectric layer.
[0126] In one aspect, the dielectric material may surround the
strip-line to insulate the strip-line from the first and second
ground layers. In these and other embodiments, the dielectric
material may contact the first and second ground layers and may
extend between the lateral edges of the first and second ground
layers. The dielectric may be formed of any dielectric material or
combination of dielectric materials, including silicon,
silicon-oxides, Kapton, and polymers, among other dielectrics. The
dielectric material may include a thickness between the first and
second ground layers. In some embodiments, multiple layers of
dielectric material may be stacked vertically to provide a desired
impedance, such as 50 ohms or 75 ohms or another desired impedance.
The thickness of each dielectric layer may range between 150 and
1500 .mu.m. In some embodiments, the thickness may be configured
such that a minimum distance between the strip-line and either of
the first and second ground layers is greater or less than the
thickness of the strip-line.
[0127] In one aspect, a thickness of the flat cable 1306 may range
between 190 .mu.m and 3000 .mu.m. The flat cable 1306 may also be
configured to be flexible. In these and other embodiments, each of
the first ground layer, the second ground layer, the dielectric
material, the strip-line may be formed of materials and formed in a
particular shape and manner such that each of the first ground
layer, the second ground layer4, the dielectric material, the
strip-line may have a stiffness that is within a range of stiffness
that would allow a typical person to bend the flat cable 1306 with
their hands without using any tools. Furthermore, the combination
and arrangement of the first ground layer, the second ground layer,
the dielectric material, and the strip-line may be such that the
stiffness of the flat cable 1306 is within a range of stiffness
that would allow a typical person to bend the flat cable 1306 with
their hands without using any tools. In one example, the flat cable
1306 can be configured to have a bend radius of 10 mm or less.
[0128] In one aspect, the flat cable 1306 can be assembled using an
adhesive material to join the first ground layer, the second ground
layer, the dielectric material, and the strip-line. The adhesive
can be selected based on the components used to form the various
materials. The adhesive can be selected to have good radio
frequency properties to minimize radio frequency losses within the
flat cable 1306.
[0129] In one aspect, the thickness and flexibility of the flat
cable 1306 may allow the flat cable 1306 to be placed between a
window and a window sash such that when the window is closed there
is a minimum seal gap or minimum change in the ability of the
window to close properly. The cable can be configured such that the
perpendicular forces and the bending applied to the body of the
cable, when the cable is placed between the window and the window
sash, will not substantially change a geometry of the body of the
cable. Minimizing the change in the geometry of the body when force
is applied and bending occurs enables the flat cable 1306 to have
substantially the same impedance and radio frequency
characteristics.
[0130] In one aspect, if the dimensions of selected layers change,
such as the dimensions of the dielectric material changing relative
to the dimensions of the strip-line, it can cause changes in
impedance in the flat cable 1306, which can result in a significant
impedance loss. A typical round coaxial cable may have its
dielectric layer crushed (i.e. reduced in width relative to the
center conductor) when the coaxial cable is closed in a window or
other type of enclosure, thereby resulting in a significant change
in impedance in the coaxial cable. The substantially flat cable
1306 can be enclosed in a window with minimal changes in the
geometry of the body, thereby reducing any change in impedance when
the window is closed, locked, and/or sealed around the flat cable
1306.
[0131] For example, in some embodiments, a change in insertion loss
can occur for a flat cable, such as flat cable 1306, that is
compressed and/or bent by placing the cable between two surfaces,
such as between a window and a window sash, with the window closed
or sealed or locked. The insertion loss can be measured at a
desired frequency for the flat cable. In some examples, the
insertion loss can be measured over a bandwidth of 600 Megahertz
(MHz) to 2700 MHz. In other embodiments, the insertion loss can be
measured at 500 MHz to 4000 MHz. In one example, insertion loss and
return loss can be measured at a center frequency of 2000 MHz over
a selected bandwidth.
[0132] The change in insertion loss for the flat cable 1306, due to
bending or compression when the cable is placed between two
surfaces, can be from less than 0.1 dB to 1 dB, relative to an
insertion loss of the flat cable 1306 when the cable is not
compressed or bent by two surfaces, such as the closed window or
other type of a threshold.
[0133] The change in impedance or other radio frequency
characteristics due to bending and compression can also be measured
by a change in return loss. The flat cable 1306 may have a return
loss of greater than 10 dB when the cable is not compressed or
bent. When the cable is compressed or bent between surfaces, such
as the window and the window sash, the return loss may decrease
from less than 0.1 dB to 2 db.
[0134] FIG. 14 depicts repeater system, in accordance with another
example. In one aspect, the system includes a first repeater 1402,
a second repeater 1404 and a cable or connector 1406. The first and
second repeaters 1402, 1404 are adapted for disposition about a
structural element 1408, such as a window, door or similar element.
The first repeater 1402 can also be plugged into an electric output
of the structure to power the first and second repeaters 1402,
1404.
[0135] In one aspect, the first repeater 1402 can include one or
more bi-directional amplifiers (BDA) 1410, and one or more optional
transmission antennas 1412. The one or more transmission antennas
1412 may be integral to the first repeater 1402, or may be separate
from the first repeater 1402, but removably coupled to the
bi-directional amplifier 1410 (e.g., remote external transmission
antenna), optionally by one or more wired communication links
(e.g., coaxial cable). The one or more bi-directional amplifiers
1410 can function as described above with regard to FIG. 2.
Similarly, the second repeater 1404 can include one or more
bi-directional amplifiers (BDA) 1414, and one or more optional
transmission antennas 1416. The one or more transmission antennas
1416 may be integral to the second repeater 1404, or may be
separate from the second repeater 1404, but removably coupled to
the bi-directional amplifier 1414 (e.g., remote external
transmission antenna), optionally by one or more wired
communication links (e.g., coaxial cable). The one or more
bi-directional amplifiers 1414 can function as described above with
regard to FIG. 2. The transmission antennas 1412, 1416 of the first
and second repeaters 1402, 1404 can be directional antennas adapted
for fixed structures such as buildings, or an omni-directional
antenna for mobile structures such as vehicles.
[0136] In one aspect, the cable or connector 1406 can couple the
first and second repeaters 1402, 1404 through an opening 1418 in
the structural element 1408. In one instance, the opening 1418 can
be a hole prefabricated in a structural element 1408 such as a
window. In another instance, the opening 1418 can be hole drilled
in the structural element 1408 such as a window during the
installation of the first and second repeaters 1402, 1404. In one
instance the opening 1418 that the cable or connector 1406 passes
through may be located adjacent to the first and second repeaters
1402, 1404. In another instance, the opening 1418 may be located
directly between the first and second repeaters 1402, 1404, so that
the cable or connector 1406 is directly between the first and
second repeaters 1402, 1404. Accordingly, the repeater system is
integrated with a structural element 1408, such as a window.
[0137] In one aspect, one or more conductive films 1420 may be
disposed between the first and second repeaters 1402, 1404 to
improve isolation between the transmission antenna ports.
Optionally, one or more thermal or optical coatings applied to the
structural element 1408, such as window glazing, can provide
improved isolation between the transmission antenna ports.
[0138] FIG. 15 depicts repeater system, in accordance with another
example. In one aspect, the system includes a repeater 1502, an
antenna or passive re-radiation system 1504 and a cable or
connector 1506. The repeater 1502 and antenna 1504 are adapted for
disposition about a structural element 1508, such as a window, door
or similar element. The repeater 1502 can also be plugged into an
electric output of the structure.
[0139] In one instance, the repeater 1502 can be an inside repeater
adapted for placement within a structure, and the antenna or
passive re-radiation system 1504 can be adapted for placement
outside the structure attached to a window, wall or the like. In
one aspect, the repeater 1502 can include one or more
bi-directional amplifiers (BDA) 1510, and one or more optional
transmission antennas 1512. The one or more transmission antennas
1412 may be integral to the repeater 1402, or may be separate from
the repeater 1402, but removably coupled to the bi-directional
amplifier 1410 (e.g., remote external transmission antenna),
optionally by one or more wired communication links (e.g., coaxial
cable). The one or more bi-directional amplifiers 1510 can function
as described above with regard to FIG. 2.
[0140] In one aspect, the cable or connector 1506 can couple the
repeaters 1502 through an opening 1514 in the structural element
1508 to the antenna or passive re-radiation system 1504. In one
instance, the opening 1514 can be a hole prefabricated in a
structural element 1508 such as a window. In another instance, the
opening 1514 can be hole drilled in the structural element 1508
such as a window during the installation of the repeater 1502 and
antenna or passive re-radiation system 1504. In one instance the
opening 1514 that the cable or connector 1506 passed through may be
located adjacent to the repeater 1502 and antenna or passive
re-radiation system 1504. In another instance, the opening 1514 may
be located directly between the repeater 1402 antenna or passive
re-radiation system 1504, so that the cable or connector 1506 is
directly between the repeater 1402 antenna or passive re-radiation
system 1504. Accordingly, the repeater system is integrated with a
structural element 1508, such as a window.
[0141] In one aspect, one or more conductive films 1516 may be
disposed between the repeater 1502 and antenna or passive
re-radiation system 1504 to improve isolation between the
transmission antennas. Optionally, one or more thermal or optical
coatings applied to the structural element 1508, such as window
glazing, can provide improved isolation between the transmission
antenna.
EXAMPLES
[0142] The following examples pertain to specific technology
embodiments and point out specific features, elements, or actions
that can be used or otherwise combined in achieving such
embodiments.
[0143] Example 1 includes a system comprising: a first repeater
including, a first wireless power unit configured to wirelessly
transmit a portion of Direct Current (DC) or Alternating Current
(AC) electrical power received from a power source; and a first
bi-directional amplifier, configured to amplify one or more RF
communication signals, wherein the first bi-directional amplifier
is powered by the power source; and a second repeater including, a
second wireless power unit configured to receive the wireless
power, and convert the wireless power to DC or AC electrical power,
and a second bi-directional amplifier, configured to amplify the
one or more RF communication signals, wherein the second
bi-directional amplifier is powered by the DC or AC electrical
power from the second wireless power unit.
[0144] Example 2 includes the system of Example 1, wherein, the
first wireless power unit includes, a wireless power transmitter
configured to convert the portion of DC or AC electrical power
received from the power source to a RF power signal; and a first
power coupler, coupled to the wireless power transmitter,
configured to transmit the RF power signal; the second wireless
power unit includes, a second power coupler configured to receive
the RF power signal; and a wireless power receiver, coupled to the
second power coupler, configured to convert the received RF power
signal to the DC or AC electrical power.
[0145] Example 3 includes the system of Example 2, wherein, the
first power coupler includes an inductive coil; and the second
power coupler include an inductive coil.
[0146] Example 4 includes the system of Example 2, wherein, the
first power coupler includes a capacitive electrode; and the second
power coupler include a capacitive electrode.
[0147] Example 5 includes the system of Example 1, wherein, the
first wireless power unit includes an optical power transmitter
configured to convert the portion of DC or AC electrical power
received from the power source to an optical signal and transmit
the optical signal; and the second wireless power unit includes an
optical power receiver configured to receive the optical signal and
convert the optical signal to the DC or AC electrical power.
[0148] Example 6 includes the system of Example 1, further
comprising: the first repeater further including, a first RF
coupling antenna coupled to the first bi-directional amplifier; the
second repeater further including, a second RF coupling antenna
coupled to the second bi-directional amplifier.
[0149] Example 7 includes the system of Example 6, further
comprising: a conductive film configured to be disposed between the
first repeater and the second repeater.
[0150] Example 8 includes the system of Example 6, further
comprising: a conductive film including one or more openings
configured to be disposed between the first RF coupling antenna of
the first repeater and the second RF coupling antenna of the second
repeater and between the first wireless power unit and the second
wireless power unit.
[0151] Example 9 includes the system of Examples 7 or 8, wherein
the conductive film is transparent.
[0152] Example 10 includes the system of Examples 7 or 8, wherein
the conductive film comprises a film of thin metal wires.
[0153] Example 11 includes the system of Example 1, further
comprising: a third repeater communicatively coupled to the first
repeater by a wired communication link.
[0154] Example 12 includes the system of Example 1, further
comprising: the first repeater further including, a first
transmission antenna coupled to a transmission port of the first
bi-directional amplifier; the second repeater further including, a
second transmission antenna coupled to a transmission port of the
second bi-directional amplifier.
[0155] Example 13 includes the system of Example 1, wherein, the
first transmission antenna is a directional antenna; and the second
transmission antenna is a directional antenna.
[0156] Example 14 includes the system of Example 1, wherein, the
first transmission antenna is an omni-directional antenna; and the
second transmission antenna is a directional antenna.
[0157] Example 15 includes the system of Example 1, wherein, the
first repeater comprises a first Single-Input-Single-Output (SISO)
repeater; and the second repeater comprises a second SISO
repeater.
[0158] Example 16 includes the system of Example 1, wherein the
first bi-directional amplifier is configured to compensate for RF
transmission loss across a structural element disposed between the
first and second repeaters.
[0159] Example 17 includes the system of Example 1, wherein the
second bi-directional amplifier is configured to compensate for RF
transmission loss across a structural element disposed between the
first and second repeaters.
[0160] Example 18 includes a system comprising: a first repeater
including, a wireless power transmitter configured to convert a
portion of Direct Current (DC) or Alternating Current (AC)
electrical power received from a power source to a RF power signal;
a first power coupler, coupled to the wireless power transmitter,
configured to transmit the RF power signal; a first RF coupling
antenna; a first bi-directional amplifier, coupled to the first RF
coupling antenna and configured to amplify one or more RF
communication signals, wherein the first bi-directional amplifier
is powered by the power source; and a second repeater including, a
second power coupled configured to receive the RF power signal; a
wireless power receiver configured convert the received RF power
signal to DC or AC electrical power; a second RF coupling antenna;
and a second bi-directional amplifier, coupled to the second RF
coupling antenna and configured to amplify the one or more RF
communication signals, wherein the second bi-directional amplifier
is powered by the DC or AC electrical power from the wireless power
receiver.
[0161] Example 19 includes the system of Example 18, wherein, the
first power coupler includes an inductive coil; and the second
power coupler includes an inductive coil.
[0162] Example 20 includes the system of Example 18, wherein, the
first power coupler includes a capacitive electrode; and the second
power coupler include a capacitive electrode.
[0163] Example 21 includes the system of Example 18, further
comprising: a conductive film including one or more openings
configured to be disposed between the first RF coupling antenna of
the first repeater and the second RF coupling antenna of the second
repeater, and between first power coupler and the second power
coupler.
[0164] Example 22 includes the system of Example 18, further
comprising: a first transmission antenna coupled to the first
bi-directional amplifier, wherein the first transmission antenna is
a directional antenna internally integral to the first repeater;
and a second transmission antenna couple to the second bi-direction
amplifier, wherein the second transmission antenna is an
omni-directional antenna externally integral to the first
repeater.
[0165] Example 23 includes a system comprising: a first repeater
including, an optical power transmitter configured to convert a
portion of Direct Current (DC) or Alternating Current (AC)
electrical power received from a power source to an optical signal
and transmit the optical signal; a first RF coupling antenna; and a
first bi-directional amplifier, coupled to the first RF coupling
antenna and configured to amplify one or more RF communication
signals, wherein the first bi-directional amplifier is powered by
the power source; and a second repeater including, an optical power
receiver configured to receive the optical signal, and convert the
optical signal to DC or AC electrical power; a second RF coupling
antenna; and a second bi-directional amplifier, coupled to the
second RF coupling antenna and configured to amplify the one or
more RF communication signals, wherein the second bi-directional
amplifier is powered by the DC or AC electrical power from the
second wireless power unit.
[0166] Example 24 includes the system of Example 23, further
comprising: one or more processors and memory configured to:
configure the optical power transmitter to initially transmit at a
predetermined low power level; determine if the optical power
receiver is aligned with the optical power transmitter to receive
the optical signal; configure the optical power transmitter to
transmit at a predetermined high power level if the optical power
receiver is determined to be aligned with the optical power
transmitter to receive the optical signal.
[0167] Example 25 includes the system of Example 23, further
comprising: a conductive film including one or more openings
configured to be disposed between the first RF coupling antenna of
the first repeater and the second RF coupling antenna of the second
repeater, and between optical power transmitter and the optical
power receiver.
[0168] Example 26 includes the system of Example 23, further
comprising: a first transmission antenna coupled to the first
bi-directional amplifier, wherein the first transmission antenna is
a directional antenna internally integral to the first repeater;
and a second transmission antenna couple to the second bi-direction
amplifier, wherein the second transmission antenna is an
omni-directional antenna externally integral to the first
repeater.
[0169] Example 27 includes a system comprising: a first wireless
power unit configured to convert a portion of Direct Current (DC)
or Alternating Current (AC) electrical power received from a power
source to wireless power and wirelessly transmit the wireless
power; a first repeater including a first bi-directional amplifier,
configured to amplify one or more RF communication signals, wherein
the first bi-directional amplifier is powered by the power source;
a second wireless power unit configured to receive the wireless
power, and convert the wireless power to DC or AC electrical power;
and a second repeater including a second bi-directional amplifier,
configured to amplify the one or more RF communication signals,
wherein the second bi-directional amplifier is powered by the DC or
AC electrical power from the second wireless power unit.
[0170] Example 28 includes the system of Example 27, wherein, the
first wireless power unit includes, a wireless power transmitter
configured to convert the portion of DC or AC electrical power
received from the power source to a RF power signal; and a first
power coupler, coupled to the wireless power transmitter,
configured to transmit the RF power signal; the second wireless
power unit includes, a second power coupler configured to
configured to receive the RF power signal; and a wireless power
receiver, coupled to the second power coupler, configured to
convert the received RF power signal to the DC or AC electrical
power.
[0171] Example 29 includes the system of Example 27, wherein, the
first wireless power unit includes an optical power transmitter
configured to convert the portion of DC or AC electrical power
received from the power source to an optical signal and transmit
the optical signal; and the second wireless power unit includes an
optical power receiver configured to receive the optical signal and
convert the optical signal to the DC or AC electrical power.
[0172] Example 30 includes a system comprising: a first repeater
disposed outside a structure and configured to amplify one or more
RF communication signals, wherein the first repeater is coupled to
power outside the structure; and a second repeater disposed inside
the structure and configured to amplify the one or more RF
communication signals, wherein the second repeater is coupled to
power inside the structure.
[0173] Example 31 includes the system of Example 30, wherein the
first repeater is configured to compensate for RF transmission loss
across a structural element disposed between the first and second
repeaters.
[0174] Example 32 includes the system of Example 30, wherein the
second repeater is configured to compensate for RF transmission
loss across a structural element disposed between the first and
second repeaters.
[0175] Example 33 includes the system of Example 30, further
comprising: a conductive film including one or more openings
configured to be disposed between the first repeater and the second
repeater.
[0176] Example 34 includes the system of Example 33, wherein the
conductive film is transparent.
[0177] Example 35 includes the system of Example 33, wherein the
conductive film comprises a film of thin metal wires.
[0178] Example 36 includes a system comprising: a first repeater
disposed outside a structure and configured to amplify one or more
RF communication signals, wherein the first repeater is powered by
a solar panel; and a second repeater disposed inside the structure
and configured to amplify the one or more RF communication signals,
wherein the second repeater is powered by a source inside the
structure.
[0179] Example 37 includes the system of Example 36, wherein the
first repeater is configured to compensate for RF transmission loss
across a structural element disposed between the first and second
repeaters.
[0180] Example 38 includes the system of Example 36, wherein the
second repeater is configured to compensate for RF transmission
loss across a structural element disposed between the first and
second repeaters.
[0181] Example 39 includes the system of Example 36, further
comprising: a conductive film including one or more openings
configured to be disposed between the first repeater and the second
repeater.
[0182] Example 40 includes the system of Example 39, wherein the
conductive film is transparent.
[0183] Example 41 includes the system of Example 39, wherein the
conductive film comprises a film of thin metal wires.
[0184] Example 42 includes a system comprising: a first repeater
including, an optical power transmitter configured to convert a
portion of Direct Current (DC) or Alternating Current (AC)
electrical power received from a power source to an optical signal
and transmit the optical signal; a first optical signal
transceiver; a first bi-directional amplifier configured to amplify
one or more RF communication signals, wherein the first
bi-directional amplifier is powered by the power source; and a
first RF-optical converter, coupled between the first optical
signal transceiver and the first bi-directional amplifier, and
configured to convert the one or more RF communication signals from
the first bi-directional amplifier to one or more optical
communication signals for the first optical signal transceiver; and
a second repeater including, an optical power receiver configured
to receive the optical signal, and convert the optical signal to DC
or AC electrical power; a second optical signal transceiver; a
second bi-directional amplifier configured to amplify the one or
more RF communication signals, wherein the second bi-directional
amplifier is powered by the DC or AC electrical power from the
second wireless power unit; and a second RF-optical converter,
coupled between the second optical signal transceiver and the
second bi-directional amplifier, and configured to convert the one
or more optical communication signals from the second optical
signal transceiver to one or more RF communication signals for the
second bi-directional amplifier.
[0185] Example 43 includes the system of Example 42, wherein; the
first RF-optical converter is further configured to convert the one
or more optical communication signals from the first optical signal
transceiver to the one or more RF communication signals for the
first bi-directional amplifier; and the second RF-optical converter
is further configured to convert the one or more RF communication
signal from the second bi-directional amplifier to the one or more
optical communication signals for the second optical signal
transceiver.
[0186] Example 44 includes the system of Example 42, further
comprising: a first transmission antenna coupled to the first
bi-directional amplifier, wherein the first transmission antenna is
a directional antenna internally integral to the first repeater;
and a second transmission antenna couple to the second bi-direction
amplifier, wherein the second transmission antenna is an
omni-directional antenna externally integral to the first
repeater.
[0187] Example 45 includes a system comprising: a transmission
antenna; a repeater including a bi-directional amplifier, coupled
to the transmission antenna configured to amplify one or more RF
communication signals; an antenna; and a flat cable coupled between
the bi-directional amplifier and the antenna.
[0188] Example 46 includes the system of Example 45, wherein the
repeater and the antenna are mount on either side of a structural
element as a closely-contained system.
[0189] Example 47 includes the system of Example 45, wherein the
flat cable comprises: a first ground layer; a second ground layer;
a strip-line positioned between the first ground layer and the
second ground layer; and a dielectric material positioned between
the first ground layer and the second ground layer and surrounding
the strip-line to insulate the strip-line from the first ground
layer and the second ground layer.
[0190] Example 48 includes the system of Example 45, wherein the
transmission antenna comprises an omni-directional antenna integral
to the repeater.
[0191] Example 49 includes the system of Example 45, wherein the
transmission antenna comprises an omni-directional antenna
removably coupled to the bi-directional amplifier.
[0192] Example 50 includes the system of Example 45, wherein the
antenna comprises a directional antenna configured to attach to a
structural element.
[0193] Example 51 includes the system of Example 45, wherein the
antenna comprises an omni-directional antenna configured to be
attached to a structural element.
[0194] Example 52 includes the system of Example 45, wherein the
antenna is a passive antenna.
[0195] Example 53 includes the system of Example 45, wherein the
antenna is an active antenna that receives power from the flat
cable.
[0196] Example 54 includes a system comprising: a first repeater; a
second repeater; a cable or connector coupled between the first
repeater and the second repeater through an opening in a structural
element that the first repeater and second repeater are attached
to.
[0197] Example 55 includes the system of Example 54, wherein the
opening in the structural element is prefabricated into the
structural element.
[0198] Example 56 includes the system of Example 54, wherein the
opening is the structural element is fabricated into the structural
element when the repeater and antenna are installed on the
structural element.
[0199] Example 57 includes the system of Example 54, wherein the
structural element includes a window and the opening is a hole
prefabricated in the window.
[0200] Example 58 includes the system of Example 54, wherein the
structural element includes a window and the opening is a hole
fabricated in the window when the repeater and antenna are
installed on the widow.
[0201] Example 59 includes the system of Example 54, further
comprising a conductive film configured to be disposed between the
first repeater and the second repeater.
[0202] Example 60 includes a system comprising: a transmission
antenna; a repeater including a bi-directional amplifier, coupled
to the transmission antenna configured to amplify one or more RF
communication signals; an antenna; and a cable or connector coupled
between the bi-directional amplifier and the antenna through an
opening in a structural element that the antenna and repeater are
attached to.
[0203] Example 61 includes the system of Example 60, wherein the
opening in the structural element is prefabricated into the
structural element.
[0204] Example 62 includes the system of Example 60, wherein the
opening is the structural element is fabricated into the structural
element when the repeater and antenna are installed on the
structural element.
[0205] Example 63 includes the system of Example 60, wherein the
structural element includes a window and the opening is a hole
prefabricated in the window.
[0206] Example 64 includes the system of Example 60, wherein the
structural element includes a window and the opening is a hole
fabricated in the window when the repeater and antenna are
installed on the window.
[0207] Example 65 includes the system of Example 60, further
comprising a conductive film configured to be disposed between the
first repeater and the second repeater.
[0208] Example 66 includes a system comprising: a first repeater
including, a first wireless power unit having a first wireless
power coupler configured to wirelessly transmit a portion of Direct
Current (DC) or Alternating Current (AC) electrical power received
from a power source; and a first bi-directional amplifier,
configured to amplify one or more RF communication signals, wherein
the first bi-directional amplifier is powered by the power source;
a second repeater including, a second wireless power unit having a
second wireless power coupler configured to receive the wireless
power, and the second wireless power unit is configured to convert
the wireless power to DC or AC electrical power, and a second
bi-directional amplifier, configured to amplify the one or more RF
communication signals, wherein the second bi-directional amplifier
is powered by the DC or AC electrical power from the second
wireless power unit; a structural element disposed between the
first repeater and the second repeater; and a conductive material
integral to the structural element configured to be disposed
between the first repeater and the second repeater, wherein the
conductive material includes one or more openings configured to be
disposed between the first wireless power coupler and the second
wireless power coupler.
[0209] Example 67 includes the system of Example 66, wherein the
conductive material comprises one or more of a film, a glazing, or
a wired mesh.
[0210] Example 68 includes the system of Example 66, wherein, the
first wireless power unit includes, a wireless power transmitter
configured to convert the portion of DC or AC electrical power
received from the power source to a RF power signal; and the first
power coupler, coupled to the wireless power transmitter,
configured to transmit the RF power signal; the second wireless
power unit includes, the second power coupler configured to receive
the RF power signal; and a wireless power receiver, coupled to the
second power coupler, configured to convert the received RF power
signal to the DC or AC electrical power.
[0211] Example 69 includes the system of Example 68, wherein, the
first power coupler includes an inductive coil or a capacitive
electrode; and the second power coupler includes an inductive coil
or a capacitive electrode.
[0212] Example 70 includes the system of Example 66, further
comprising: a first shielding path between the first power coupler
and the structural element; and a second shielding path between the
second power coupler and the structural element.
[0213] Example 71 includes the system of Example 70, wherein the
first shielding path and the second shielding path have a
substantially similar shape as the opening disposed between the
first wireless power coupler and the second wireless power coupler
to form a communication path between the first power coupler and
the second power coupler.
[0214] Example 72 includes the system of claim 66, wherein, the
first wireless power unit includes an optical power transmitter
configured to convert the portion of DC or AC electrical power
received from the power source to an optical signal and transmit
the optical signal; and the second wireless power unit includes an
optical power receiver configured to receive the optical signal and
convert the optical signal to the DC or AC electrical power.
[0215] Example 73 includes the system of Example 66, further
comprising: the first repeater further including, a first RF
coupling antenna coupled to the first bi-directional amplifier; the
second repeater further including, a second RF coupling antenna
coupled to the second bi-directional amplifier.
[0216] Example 74 includes the system of Example 73, wherein the
conductive material includes one or more openings configured to be
disposed between the first RF coupling antenna and the second RF
coupling antenna.
[0217] Example 75 includes the system of Example 74, further
comprising: a first shielding path between the first RF coupling
antenna and the structural element; and a second shielding path
between the second RF coupling antenna and the structural
element.
[0218] Example 76 includes the system of Example 75, wherein the
first shielding path and the second shielding path have a
substantially similar shape as the opening disposed between the
first RF coupling antenna and the second RF coupling antenna to
form a communication path between the first RF coupling antenna and
the second RF coupling antenna.
[0219] Example 77 includes the system of Example 66, wherein the
conductive material is attached to a structural element disposed
between the first repeater and the second repeater.
[0220] Example 78 includes the system of Example 66, wherein the
conductive material is substantially transparent.
[0221] Example 79 includes the system of Example 66, wherein the
conductive material comprises a material of thin metal wires.
[0222] Example 80 includes the system of Example 66, further
comprising: the first repeater further including, a first
transmission antenna coupled to a transmission port of the first
bi-directional amplifier; the second repeater further including, a
second transmission antenna coupled to a transmission port of the
second bi-directional amplifier.
[0223] Example 81 includes the system of Example 66, wherein, the
first transmission antenna is a directional antenna; and the second
transmission antenna is a directional antenna.
[0224] Example 82 includes the system of Example 66, wherein, the
first transmission antenna is an omni-directional antenna; and the
second transmission antenna is a directional antenna.
[0225] Example 83 includes the system of Example 66, wherein, the
first repeater comprises a first Single-Input-Single-Output (SISO)
repeater; and the second repeater comprises a second SISO
repeater.
[0226] Example 84 includes the system of Example 66, wherein the
first bi-directional amplifier is configured to compensate for RF
transmission loss across a structural element disposed between the
first and second repeaters.
[0227] Example 85 includes the system of Example 66, wherein the
second bi-directional amplifier is configured to compensate for RF
transmission loss across a structural element disposed between the
first and second repeaters.
[0228] Example 86 includes a system comprising: a first repeater
including, an optical power transmitter configured to convert a
portion of Direct Current (DC) or Alternating Current (AC)
electrical power received from a power source to an optical signal
and transmit the optical signal; a first RF coupling antenna; and a
first bi-directional amplifier, coupled to the first RF coupling
antenna and configured to amplify one or more RF communication
signals, wherein the first bi-directional amplifier is powered by
the power source; and a second repeater including, an optical power
receiver configured to receive the optical signal, and convert the
optical signal to DC or AC electrical power; a second RF coupling
antenna; and a second bi-directional amplifier, coupled to the
second RF coupling antenna and configured to amplify the one or
more RF communication signals, wherein the second bi-directional
amplifier is powered by the DC or AC electrical power from the
second wireless power unit.
[0229] Example 87 includes the system of Example 86, further
comprising: a conductive material configured to be disposed between
the first repeater and the second wireless repeater.
[0230] Example 88 includes the system of Example 86, further
comprising: one or more processors and memory configured to:
configure the optical power transmitter to initially transmit at a
predetermined low power level; determine if the optical power
receiver is aligned with the optical power transmitter to receive
the optical signal; configure the optical power transmitter to
transmit at a predetermined high power level if the optical power
receiver is determined to be aligned with the optical power
transmitter to receive the optical signal.
[0231] Example 89 includes the system of Example 86, wherein the
conductive material includes one or more openings configured to be
disposed between the first RF coupling antenna of the first
repeater and the second RF coupling antenna of the second repeater,
and between optical power transmitter and the optical power
receiver.
[0232] Example 90 includes the system of Example 86, further
comprising: a first transmission antenna coupled to the first
bi-directional amplifier, wherein the first transmission antenna is
a directional antenna internally integral to the first repeater;
and a second transmission antenna couple to the second bi-direction
amplifier, wherein the second transmission antenna is an
omni-directional antenna externally integral to the first
repeater.
[0233] Example 91 includes a system comprising: a first wireless
relay including, a first transmission antenna; a first RF coupling
antenna; and a first repeater coupled to the first RF coupling
antenna and configured to amplify one or more RF communication
signals; a second wireless relay including, a second transmission
antenna, a second RF coupling antenna; and a second repeater
coupled to the second RF coupling antenna and configured to amplify
the one or more RF communication signals; and a conductive material
configured to be disposed between the first wireless relay and the
second wireless relay.
[0234] Example 92 includes the system of Example 91, wherein the
conductive material is integral to a structural element disposed
between the first wireless relay and the second wireless relay.
[0235] Example 93 includes the system of Example 92, wherein an
opening in the structural element is prefabricated into the
structural element.
[0236] Example 94 includes the system of Example 92, wherein an
opening in the structural element is fabricated into the structural
element when the repeater and antenna are installed on the
structural element.
[0237] Example 95 includes the system of Example 92, wherein the
structural element includes a window and an opening is a hole
prefabricated in the window.
[0238] Example 96 includes the system of Example 92, wherein the
structural element includes a window and an opening is a hole
fabricated in the window when the repeater and antenna are
installed on the widow.
[0239] Example 97 includes the system of Example 91, wherein the
conductive material includes one or more openings configured to be
disposed between the first RF coupling antenna of the first
wireless relay and the second RF coupling antenna of the second
wireless relay.
[0240] Example 98 includes the system of Example 91, wherein the
conductive material is substantially transparent.
[0241] Example 99 includes the system of Example 91, wherein the
conductive material comprises thin metal wires.
[0242] Example 100 includes the system of Example 91, further
comprising: the first wireless relay further including, the first
transmission antenna coupled to a transmission port of the first
repeater; the second wireless relay further including, the second
transmission antenna coupled to a transmission port of the second
repeater.
[0243] Example 101 includes the system of Example 91, wherein, the
first transmission antenna is a directional antenna; and the second
transmission antenna is a directional antenna.
[0244] Example 102 includes the system of Example 91, wherein, the
first transmission antenna is an omni-directional antenna; and the
second transmission antenna is a directional antenna.
[0245] Example 103 includes the system of Example 91, wherein, the
first wireless relay comprises a first Single-Input-Single-Output
(SISO) repeater; and the second wireless relay comprises a second
SISO repeater.
[0246] Example 104 includes the system of Example 91, wherein the
first repeater is configured to compensate for RF transmission loss
across a structural element disposed between the first and second
wireless relays.
[0247] Example 105 includes the system of Example 91, wherein the
second repeater is configured to compensate for RF transmission
loss across a structural element disposed between the first and
second wireless relays.
[0248] As used herein, the term "circuitry" may refer to, be part
of, or include an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC),
an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group),
and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group) that execute one or
more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit,
and/or other suitable hardware components that provide the
described functionality. In some aspects, the circuitry may be
implemented in, or functions associated with the circuitry may be
implemented by, one or more software or firmware modules. In some
aspects, circuitry may include logic, at least partially operable
in hardware.
[0249] Various techniques, or certain aspects or portions thereof,
may take the form of program code (i.e., instructions) embodied in
tangible media, such as floppy diskettes, compact disc-read-only
memory (CD-ROMs), hard drives, transitory or non-transitory
computer readable storage medium, or any other machine-readable
storage medium wherein, when the program code is loaded into and
executed by a machine, such as a computer, the machine becomes an
apparatus for practicing the various techniques. Circuitry may
include hardware, firmware, program code, executable code, computer
instructions, and/or software. A non-transitory computer readable
storage medium may be a computer readable storage medium that does
not include signal. In the case of program code execution on
programmable computers, the computing device may include a
processor, a storage medium readable by the processor (including
volatile and non-volatile memory and/or storage elements), at least
one input device, and at least one output device. The volatile and
non-volatile memory and/or storage elements may be a random-access
memory (RAM), erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), flash
drive, optical drive, magnetic hard drive, solid state drive, or
other medium for storing electronic data. The node and wireless
device may also include a transceiver module (i.e., transceiver), a
counter module (i.e., counter), a processing module (i.e.,
processor), and/or a clock module (i.e., clock) or timer module
(i.e., timer). One or more programs that may implement or utilize
the various techniques described herein may use an application
programming interface (API), reusable controls, and the like. Such
programs may be implemented in a high level procedural or object
oriented programming language to communicate with a computer
system. However, the program(s) may be implemented in assembly or
machine language, if desired. In any case, the language may be a
compiled or interpreted language, and combined with hardware
implementations.
[0250] As used herein, the term processor may include general
purpose processors, specialized processors such as VLSI, FPGAs, or
other types of specialized processors, as well as base band
processors used in transceivers to send, receive, and process
wireless communications.
[0251] It should be understood that many of the functional units
described in this specification have been labeled as modules, in
order to more particularly emphasize their implementation
independence. For example, a module may be implemented as a
hardware circuit comprising custom very-large-scale integration
(VLSI) circuits or gate arrays, off-the-shelf semiconductors such
as logic chips, transistors, or other discrete components. A module
may also be implemented in programmable hardware devices such as
field programmable gate arrays, programmable array logic,
programmable logic devices or the like.
[0252] Modules may also be implemented in software for execution by
various types of processors. An identified module of executable
code may, for instance, comprise one or more physical or logical
blocks of computer instructions, which may, for instance, be
organized as an object, procedure, or function. Nevertheless, the
executables of an identified module cannot be physically located
together, but may comprise disparate instructions stored in
different locations which, when joined logically together, comprise
the module and achieve the stated purpose for the module.
[0253] Indeed, a module of executable code may be a single
instruction, or many instructions, and may even be distributed over
several different code segments, among different programs, and
across several memory devices. Similarly, operational data may be
identified and illustrated herein within modules, and may be
embodied in any suitable form and organized within any suitable
type of data structure. The operational data may be collected as a
single data set, or may be distributed over different locations
including over different storage devices, and may exist, at least
partially, merely as electronic signals on a system or network. The
modules may be passive or active, including agents operable to
perform desired functions.
[0254] Reference throughout this specification to "an example" or
"exemplary" means that a particular feature, structure, or
characteristic described in connection with the example is included
in at least one embodiment of the present technology. Thus,
appearances of the phrases "in an example" or the word "exemplary"
in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily
all referring to the same embodiment.
[0255] As used herein, a plurality of items, structural elements,
compositional elements, and/or materials may be presented in a
common list for convenience. However, these lists should be
construed as though each member of the list is individually
identified as a separate and unique member. Thus, no individual
member of such list should be construed as a de facto equivalent of
any other member of the same list solely based on their
presentation in a common group without indications to the contrary.
In addition, various embodiments and example of the present
technology may be referred to herein along with alternatives for
the various components thereof. It is understood that such
embodiments, examples, and alternatives are not to be construed as
de facto equivalents of one another, but are to be considered as
separate and autonomous representations of the present
technology.
[0256] Furthermore, the described features, structures, or
characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or
more embodiments. In the following description, numerous specific
details are provided, such as examples of layouts, distances,
network examples, etc., to provide a thorough understanding of
embodiments of the technology. One skilled in the relevant art will
recognize, however, that the technology may be practiced without
one or more of the specific details, or with other methods,
components, layouts, etc. In other instances, well-known
structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in
detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the technology.
[0257] While the forgoing examples are illustrative of the
principles of the present technology in one or more particular
applications, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the
art that numerous modifications in form, usage and details of
implementation may be made without the exercise of inventive
faculty, and without departing from the principles and concepts of
the technology. Accordingly, it is not intended that the technology
be limited, except as by the claims set forth below.
* * * * *