U.S. patent application number 15/092870 was filed with the patent office on 2016-10-13 for press working method.
The applicant listed for this patent is DENSO CORPORATION. Invention is credited to Hidetoshi MURAMOTO.
Application Number | 20160296990 15/092870 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 57111211 |
Filed Date | 2016-10-13 |
United States Patent
Application |
20160296990 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
MURAMOTO; Hidetoshi |
October 13, 2016 |
PRESS WORKING METHOD
Abstract
A press working mechanism has a punch and a die, which are
arranged to be opposed to each other in a vertical direction. A
work-piece is set at a position between the punch and the die, so
that a press working force is applied by the punch to the
work-piece. An upper-side surface of the die has a recessed
portion, a shape of which corresponds to a shape of a final press
working product. A lower-side surface of the punch has a center
projected portion, a shape of which corresponds to the shape of the
final press forming product, and an outside projected portion. The
work-piece has a main portion and a predetermined first-contact
portion. Specifications for a dimensional accuracy of a press work,
which is required for the predetermined first-contact portion, is
made to be lower than that required for the main portion. The
outside projected portion of the punch and the die hold the
predetermined first-contact portion of the work-piece prior to the
main portion thereof in an initial stage of a press working
process, so that a press work is done for the first-contact
portion.
Inventors: |
MURAMOTO; Hidetoshi;
(Kariya-city, JP) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
DENSO CORPORATION |
Kariya-city |
|
JP |
|
|
Family ID: |
57111211 |
Appl. No.: |
15/092870 |
Filed: |
April 7, 2016 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B21D 22/10 20130101 |
International
Class: |
B21D 26/021 20060101
B21D026/021 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Apr 9, 2015 |
JP |
2015-80018 |
Claims
1. In a press working apparatus, which comprises; a press working
mechanism having a punch and a die, which are arranged at positions
to be opposed to each other in order to hold a work-piece between
the punch and the die and to apply a press working force to the
work-piece so that the work-piece is deformed in a desired shape, a
press working method comprising; a step for holding a predetermined
first-contact portion of the work-piece prior to a main press-work
portion of the work-piece in an initial stage of a press working
process, wherein at least one of specifications with respect to a
dimensional accuracy of a press work, a mechanical strength and
durability, which are required for the predetermined first-contact
portion is made to be lower than that required for the main
press-work portion of the work-piece.
2. The press working method according to claim 1, wherein the
predetermined first-contact portion of the work-piece corresponds
to a cut-out portion, which is cut out after the press working
process.
3. The press working method according to claim 1, wherein one of
the punch and the die is made of an elastic body, while the other
of the punch and the die is made of a rigid body.
4. The press working method according to claim 3, wherein the
elastic body, of which one of the punch and the die is made, is
composed of a hyper-elastic body having an incompressibility and a
restoring characteristic, and the hyper-elastic body includes
rubber and urethane.
5. The press working method according to claim 3, wherein a portion
of the punch or the die, which is at first brought into contact
with the predetermined first-contact portion of the work-piece, is
more projected or convexed toward the work-piece than a remaining
portion of the punch or the die.
6. The press working method according to claim 3, wherein a portion
of the punch or the die, which is made of the rigid body, is
projected or convexed toward the work-piece, and such a projected
or convexed portion is brought into contact with the predetermined
first-contact portion of the work-piece prior to the main
press-work portion of the work-piece, so that the punch and the die
hold the predetermined first-contact portion prior to the main
press-work portion of the work-piece in the press working
process.
7. The press working method according to claim 3, wherein the punch
or the die, which is made of the elastic body, has a thickness in a
press working direction, and the thickness of the elastic body is
larger than a deformation size of the work-piece during the press
working process.
8. The press working method according to claim 3, wherein one of
the punch and the die is made of the elastic body, which is
composed of liquid including water and oil, and a liquid pressure
of the liquid is applied to the work-piece as the press working
force.
9. The press working method according to claim 8, wherein one of
the punch and the die is made of the elastic body, which is
composed or the liquid and applies the press working force to the
work-piece, the other of the punch and the die is made of the rigid
body for receiving the press working force together with the
work-piece, a portion of the rigid body is projected or convexed
toward the work-piece, and such a projected or convexed portion is
brought into contact with the predetermined first-contact portion
of the work-piece prior to the main press-work portion of the
work-piece, so that the punch and the die hold the predetermined
first-contact portion prior to the main press-work portion of the
work-piece in the press working process.
10. The press working method according to claim 1, wherein the
work-piece is made of a flat-plate type thin metal material or a
band-like thin metal material.
11. The press working method according to claim 10, wherein the
work-piece is made of the band-like thin metal material wound in a
roll shape, and the band-like thin metal material is continuously
transferred by a transport mechanism to the press working
mechanism.
12. A press working apparatus comprising; a press working mechanism
having a punch and a die, which are arranged at positions to be
opposed to each other in order to hold a work-piece between the
punch and the die and to apply a press working force to the
work-piece so that the work-piece is deformed in a desired shape,
wherein the punch and the die holds a predetermined first-contact
portion of the work-piece prior to a main press-work portion of the
work-piece, in an initial stage of a press working process, wherein
at least one of specifications with respect to a dimensional
accuracy of a press work, a mechanical strength and durability,
which are required for the predetermined first-contact portion is
made to be lower than that required for the main press-work portion
of the work-piece.
13. The press working apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the
predetermined first-contact portion of the work-piece corresponds
to a cut-out portion, which is cut out after the press working
process.
14. The press working apparatus according to claim 12, wherein one
of the punch and the die is made of an elastic body, while the
other of the punch and the die is made of a rigid body.
15. The press working apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the
elastic body, of which one of the punch and the die is made, is
composed of a hyper-elastic body having an incompressibility and a
restoring characteristic, and the hyper-elastic body includes
rubber and urethane.
16. The press working apparatus according to claim 14, wherein a
portion of the punch or the die, which is at first brought into
contact with the predetermined first-contact portion of the
work-piece, is more projected or convexed toward the work-piece
than a remaining portion of the punch or the die.
17. The press working apparatus according to claim 14, wherein a
portion of the punch or the die, which is made of the rigid body,
is projected or convexed toward the work-piece, and such a
projected or convexed portion is brought into contact with the
predetermined first-contact portion of the work-piece prior to the
main press-work portion of the work-piece, so that the punch and
the die hold the predetermined first-contact portion prior to the
main press-work portion of the work-piece in the press working
process.
18. The press working apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the
punch or the die, which is made of the elastic body, has a
thickness in a press working direction, and the thickness of the
elastic body is larger than a deformation size of the work-piece
during the press working process.
19. The press working apparatus according to claim 14, wherein one
of the punch and the die is made of the elastic body, which is
composed of liquid including water and oil, and a liquid pressure
of the liquid is applied to the work-piece as the press working
force.
20. The press working apparatus according to claim 19, wherein one
of the punch and the die is made of the elastic body, which is
composed of the liquid and applies the press working force to the
work-piece, the other of the punch and the die is made of the rigid
body for receiving the press working force together with the
work-piece, a portion of the rigid body is projected or convexed
toward the work-piece, and such a projected or convexed portion is
brought into contact with the predetermined first-contact portion
of the work-piece prior to the main press-work portion of the
work-piece, so that the punch and the die hold the predetermined
first-contact portion prior to the main press-work portion of the
work-piece in the press working process.
21. The press working apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the
work-piece is made of a flat-plate type thin metal material or a
band-like thin metal material.
22. The press working apparatus according to claim 21, wherein the
work-piece is made of the band-like thin metal material wound in a
roll shape, and the band-like thin metal material is continuously
transferred by a transport mechanism to the press working
mechanism.
23. A press working product comprises; a product manufactured by
the press working method according to claim 1.
24. The press working product according to claim 23, wherein the
press working product is a metal diaphragm, a surface rigidity of
the metal diaphragm after the press working process is higher than
that of the work-piece before the press working process in the
press working direction.
25. The press working product according to claim 24, wherein the
metal diaphragm is applied to one of the following products; a
pressure sensor; a pressure measuring device; an air-tightness
holding device including a sealing part; a hermetic seal; a metal
part including a heat radiating part; and a product including a
part of spring material.
26. The press working product according to claim 23, wherein the
press working product is made of one of the following materials; a
metal material; a natural resin; a synthetic resin including
carbonaceous resin; a fiber material; a paper material: and a
wood.
27. In a press working product, the press working product comprises
a metal diaphragm made of a thin plate material and having a center
recessed portion and an outside recessed portion of an annular
shape, wherein the outside recessed portion surrounds the center
recessed portion so as to be concentric with the center recessed
portion, and the press working product is manufactured by a press
working mechanism, which comprises a punch and a die so arranged as
to be opposed to each other in a vertical direction, wherein the
punch is movable with respect to the die in order to carry out a
press work to a work-piece which is set between the punch and the
die, and wherein the punch has a center projected portion and an
outside projected portion each of which is projected in a direction
to the die, a press working process comprising; a first step for
moving down the punch of the press working mechanism to the die in
order that the outside projected portion is at first brought into
contact with a predetermined first-contact portion of the
work-piece prior to a center portion of the work-piece, so that the
first-contact portion of the work-piece is partly or fully deformed
by a downward movement of the punch in order to move a part of
work-piece material from the first-contact portion in a direction
to the center portion; and a second step for further moving down
the punch to the die so that the center projected portion is
brought into contact with the center portion of the work-piece in
order to carry out the press work to the center portion.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No.
2015-80018 filed on Apr. 9, 2015, the disclosure of which is
incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
[0002] The present disclosure relates to a press working method,
according to which a punch and a die of a press working mechanism
are so arranged as to be opposed to each other, a work-piece is
held between the punch and the die, and the work-piece is pressed
by the punch to a desired shape. The present disclosure further
relates to a press working apparatus for using the press working
method and relates to a press forming product or a press working
product which is manufactured by the press working method.
BACKGROUND
[0003] In a well-known pressure sensor for an automotive vehicle, a
metal diaphragm is incorporated in the sensor. The metal diaphragm
is made of a stainless thin plate of a disc shape, in which
multiple (corrugated portions) are formed in a concentric fashion.
A press working method is generally used for manufacturing the
metal diaphragm of this kind, wherein the press working method is
carried out by a press working mechanism having a punch and a
die.
[0004] In recent years, for example, as disclosed in Japanese
Patent Publication No. S61-63320, the punch is made of a metal mold
and the die is made of a rubber mold (made of urethane rubber) in
order to prevent an occurrence of a flaw on a surface of the
stainless thin plate.
[0005] In a case that one of (or both of) the punch and the die is
made of elastic material, such as, rubber, it is necessary to
decide a shape of the mold for the punch and/or the die by taking
into consideration a possible deformation of the mold to which a
press working pressure is applied. For example, in a case that the
punch is made of an elastic body, a surface of the punch is made
with a flat surface and a press working process is carried out
together with the die made of a metal mold (a rigid body). More
exactly, the punch made of the elastic body mills a work-piece
material when it is deformed and then the punch presses the
work-piece into the die.
[0006] However, in the case that the punch is made of the elastic
body, a press working force to be applied to the work-piece
material depends on a deformation by a physicality of the elastic
body (Young's modulus, a stress-strain relationship, and so on). It
is, therefore, more difficult to uniformly apply the press working
force to the work-piece material in view of its characteristic,
when compared with a case in which the metal mold of the rigid body
is used. As a result, the press working force is locally applied to
a portion of the work-piece, for example, a deep portion of a
deep-drawing work. Such a press working force may remain as a
residual stress in a press forming product (a final product), which
may deteriorate a durability of the final product. In addition,
since a mechanical and physical property of the elastic body varies
depending on a temperature, a lot and so on, it is necessary to
provide a margin in order to surely carry out the press working
process. However, such a margin may further increase the residual
stress.
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0007] The present disclosure is made in view of the above problem.
It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a press
working method and a press working apparatus, according to which a
work-piece is deformed by a punch and a die and a durability
characteristic of a press forming product or a press working
product is prevented from becoming worse due to a residual stress
in the work-piece.
[0008] According to one of features of the present disclosure, a
press working mechanism has a punch and a die, which are arranged
so as to be opposed to each other in order to hold a work-piece
between them in a press working method of the present disclosure, a
press working force is applied by the press working mechanism to
the work-piece so that the work-piece is deformed in a desired
shape. In an initial stage of a press working process, a
predetermined first-contact portion (an outside portion) of the
work-piece is at first held by the punch and the die prior to a
main press-work portion (a center portion) of the work-piece. At
least one of specifications with respect to a dimensional accuracy
of a press work, a mechanical, strength and durability, which are
required for the predetermined first-contact portion is made to be
lower than that required for the main press-work portion of the
work-piece.
[0009] According to another feature of the present disclosure, the
present disclosure is applied to the press working apparatus.
Therefore, like the above feature of the press working method, the
press working mechanism of the press working apparatus has the
punch and the die, which are arranged so as to be opposed to each
other in order to hold the work-piece between them. In the same
manner to the above press working method of the present disclosure,
the press working force is applied by the press working mechanism
to the work-piece so that the work-piece is deformed in the desired
shape in the initial stage of the press working process, the
first-contact portion of the work-piece is at first held by the
punch and the die prior to the main press-work portion of the
work-piece. At least one of the specifications with respect to the
dimensional accuracy of the press work, the mechanical strength and
the durability, which are required for the first-contact portion is
made to be lower than that required for the main press-work portion
of the work-piece.
[0010] Generally, in a case that a work-piece is plastically
deformed by a press working process by use of a punch and a die in
order to obtain a desired shape for the work-piece, a specific
gripping portion of the work-piece, which is usually an outside
portion of the work-piece, is held at first by and between the
punch and die in an initial stage of the press working process.
Then, in an ending stage of the press working process, a main
portion of the work-piece, which is usually a center portion of the
work-piece and surrounded by the specific gripping portion (the
outside portion) is pressed by the punch so that the main portion
is plastically deformed along a shape of the punch and/or the die.
During the above press working process, in particular, in the
ending stage of the press working process, material of the
work-piece cannot sufficiently move from the specific gripping
portion to the main portion, because the specific gripping portion
is firmly held by and between the punch and the die. Therefore,
when a deep drawing process is carried out in the ending stage of
the press working process (in which, the material does not easily
and sufficiently flow from the specific gripping portion to the
main portion), a thickness of the work-piece is reduced in an area
of the main portion. As a result, a uniform thickness cannot be
obtained in the main portion of the work-piece which is plastically
deformed. A relatively large residual stress may remain in a final
press working product.
[0011] However, according to the press working method and/or the
press working apparatus of the present disclosure, the punch and
the die hold the predetermined first-contact portion (for example,
the outside portion) of the work-piece prior to the other portion
of the work-piece (for example, the main press-work portion, which
is generally surrounded by the outside portion). In other words,
the main press-work portion of the work-piece is held by the punch
and the die after the predetermined first-contact portion (the
outside portion) of the work-piece has been held by and between the
punch and the die. More exactly, a press work is done for the main
press-work portion of the work-piece, after the predetermined
first-contact portion is partly (or fully) deformed and thereby the
work-piece material flows from the first-contact portion toward the
main press-work portion. As a result, it becomes possible that the
material of the work-piece can easily and sufficiently move from
the first-contact portion to the main press-work portion during the
press working process. It is, therefore, possible to suppress the
reduction of the thickness at the main press-work portion of the
work-piece during the work-piece is plastically deformed. In other
words, it is possible to avoid a situation that the work-piece (the
final press working product) has a non-uniform thickness in the
area of the main press-work portion.
[0012] According to the press working process, the predetermined
first-contact portion of the work-piece is at first held between
and pressed by the punch and the die prior to the other portion
(the main press-work portion) of the work-piece. Therefore, the
residual stress may be generated due to the thickness reduction and
remain in the final press working product. However, the
predetermined first-contact portion corresponds to a portion, for
which high specifications are not always required with respect to
at least one of the dimensional accuracy of the press work, the
mechanical strength and the durability. Accordingly, even when the
residual stress may remain in the predetermined first-contact
portion, it may not adversely affect to the final press working
product.
[0013] It is a general practice that specifications for the
dimensional accuracy of the press work, the mechanical strength and
the durability are uniformly applied to a whole area (every
portion) of the work-piece.
[0014] Generally, it is not a usual way that the press working
product is directly used as a final product by itself alone. In
other words, in most of the cases, the press working product is
combined with other parts and/or components, which are separately
manufactured by different processes. When incorporating the press
working product to the other part(s) or the component(s), the press
working product is fixed to the other part (s) or the component (s)
by various kinds of fixing methods, such as, a bonding, a pressure
bonding, a caulking, a bolting, a welding and so on. It is
necessary for the press working product to have a certain area or
portion, when the press working product is fixed to the other part
(s) or the component (s) independently from which fixing method is
used. The dimensional accuracy will be then decreased as a whole,
when considering a manufacturing method including the press working
process and a fixing process. It is, therefore, reasonable in view
of a cost-saving that the certain area or portion (a fixing
portion) of the press working product (at which the press working
product is fixed to the other part) is defined as a specific
portion, for which the specifications of the press work (for
example, the specifications with respect to the dimensional
accuracy) is made lower than that for the other portion of the
work-piece than the fixing portion. A priority for the
specifications for the mechanical strength or the durability varies
depending on an importance of a fixing function of the fixing
portion. However, it is also reasonable that different
specifications for the mechanical strength or the durability are
chosen for the fixing portion, wherein the specifications for the
fixing portion are different from the specifications for the other
portion of the press working product with respect to the mechanical
strength or the durability.
[0015] In some of exceptional cases, a whole body of the press
working product is combined to the other part or the other
component. For example, when the work-piece is made of a flat
plate, an entire flat plate is incorporated to the other part or
component, after the press work is done to the flat plate. In other
words, a press-worked main portion as well as its neighboring
portion of the work-piece is combined with the other part, wherein
the neighboring portion functions as a reinforcing portion or a
damper portion, for example. Even in such a case, a pressure or a
force received at the press-worked main portion is not always the
same to that received at the neighboring portion. It is, therefore,
not necessary in the above case that the required specifications
with respect to the mechanical strength at the neighboring portion
is identical to that at the press-worked main portion. The same
thing can be applied to the required specifications with respect to
the dimensional accuracy for the press work and the durability.
[0016] It is further known in the art that a coiled material is
supplied to an automatic press machine in order to manufacture a
large amount of the press working products with a low cost and a
high speed. In such a case, a portion of the press working product
is cut out in a manufacturing step after the press working process,
wherein the portion to be cut out corresponds to a cut-out portion
which is not necessary in the final press working product. In this
case, a part or a whole area of the cut-out portion is chosen as
the specific portion, for which the specifications with respect to
at least one of the dimensional accuracy of the press work, the
mechanical strength and the durability may be made lower than that
for the press-worked main portion.
[0017] According to another feature of the present disclosure, a
portion of the work-piece is cut out after the press working
process. Such a cut-out portion of the work-piece to be cut out is
used as the predetermined first-contact portion which is at first
brought into contact with the punch, so that the press work is
partly or fully done for the predetermined first-contact portion
(that is, the cut-out portion). In this case, it is necessary to
make an area of the punch and die larger than that for the other
case in which the work-piece has no cut-out portion. However, since
the required specifications with respect to the dimensional
accuracy for the cut-out portion are low and thereby required
specifications for the punch and die are correspondingly low, there
exists only a small influence on a cost increase for manufacturing
the punch and the die.
[0018] In the case of the above press working product having the
cut-out portion, it may be further possible to apply different
specifications with respect to the dimensional accuracy to a
portion of the work-piece other than the main press-work portion
and the predetermined first-contact portion.
[0019] The press working product of the present disclosure is a
product manufactured by the press working method of the present
disclosure. The press working product of the present disclosure is
a metal diaphragm having a surface rigidity in a press working
direction, which is larger than that of the work-piece to be press
worked.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the
present disclosure will become more apparent from the following
detailed description made with reference to the accompanying
drawings. In the drawings:
[0021] FIGS. 1A to 1D are schematic cross sectional views showing a
press working mechanism (including a punch and a die) as well as a
work-piece for explaining a press working process according to a
first embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing a metal
diaphragm manufactured by the press working process of the present
disclosure;
[0023] FIGS. 3A to 3C are schematic cross sectional views according
to a second embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein FIG. 3A
shows a press worked shape of the work-piece, FIG. 3B shows
relevant portions of a press working mechanism and the work-piece,
and FIG. 3C shows a schematic cross sectional view showing a final
product;
[0024] FIGS. 4A and 4B are schematic cross sectional views showing
a press working mechanism and the work-piece for explaining a press
working process according to a third embodiment of the present
disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 5 is a schematic cross sectional view showing relevant
portions of a press working mechanism and the work-piece according
to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 6 is a schematic cress sectional view showing relevant
portions of a press working mechanism and the work-piece according
to a fifth embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 7 is a schematic cross sectional view showing relevant
portions of a press working mechanism and the work-piece according
to a sixth embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0028] FIG. 8 is a schematic cross sectional view showing relevant
portions of a press working mechanism and the work-piece according
to a seventh embodiment of the present disclosure; and
[0029] FIGS. 9A and 9B are schematic cross sectional views showing
a press working mechanism and the work-piece for explaining a press
working process according to an eighth embodiment of the present
disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0030] The present disclosure will be explained hereinafter by way
of multiple embodiments and/or modifications with reference to the
drawings. The same reference numerals are given to the same or
similar structures and/or portions throughout the multiple
embodiments and/or modifications. In the following embodiments, the
present disclosure is applied to a method for manufacturing a metal
diaphragm, which is a press forming body (a press working
product).
First Embodiment
[0031] A first embodiment of the present disclosure will be
explained with reference to FIG. 1 (FIGS. 1A to 1D) and FIG. 2.
FIG. 2 schematically shows a structure of a metal diaphragm 1 of
the present embodiment. The diaphragm 1 is made of a metal thin
plate having a thickness of 25 .mu.m, for example, a stainless thin
plate of a disc shape. Multiple concave portions 1a (corrugated
portions 1a) are formed in the metal thin plate in a concentric
fashion. Each of the corrugated portions 1a is projected in a
downward direction and its cross section is formed in an arc shape
(a semi-circular shape). An outer periphery of the metal diaphragm
1 is formed as a flanged portion 1b. As explained below, the metal
diaphragm 1 is manufactured by a press working method of the
present embodiment, which is applied to a work-piece 5 of a flat
plate shape.
[0032] The metal diaphragm 1, which is the press forming body, has
a surface rigidity in a press working direction (in a direction
perpendicular to a surface of the diaphragm). The surface rigidity
of the metal diaphragm 1 is higher than that of the work-piece 5 of
the flat plate shape before a press working process is carried out
to the work-piece 5. Although not shown in the drawings, the metal
diaphragm 1 is incorporated into a pressure sensor of a
liquid-sealed type, which is mounted in an automotive vehicle for
detecting a pressure of exhaust gas emitted from an internal
combustion engine. The pressure sensor of the liquid-sealed type
has a pressure introducing chamber in a housing thereof, wherein
the pressure introducing chamber is divided by the metal diaphragm
1 into a first portion of a pressure introducing side and a second
portion of a pressure-sensor chip side. Liquid (oil) is sealed in a
space formed by the second portion of the pressure-sensor chip
side.
[0033] A method (the press working method) for manufacturing the
metal diaphragm 1 will be explained at first with reference to
FIGS. 1A to 1D. A press working apparatus to be used in the present
embodiment will be explained. Although not showing an entire
structure of the press working apparatus, the press working
apparatus has a frame, a bed fixed to a lower portion of the frame,
a ram movably supported by the frame so that the ram is movable in
a vertical direction (in a direction perpendicular to the bed), a
driving portion for driving the ram and so on. A die 2 is attached
to the bed on its upper-side surface. A punch 3 is attached to a
lower side of the ram. A press working mechanism 4 is formed by the
die 2, the punch 3 and so on.
[0034] In the present embodiment, each of the die 2 and the punch 3
is made of a rigid body (for example, a tool steel, ceramics, or
the like). The die 2 has a shape corresponding to a lower-side
shape of the press forming body (the metal diaphragm 1). More
exactly, multiple recessed portions 2A and 2B (2B1, 2B2), which are
opened in an upward direction, are formed on an upper-side surface
of the die 2. On the other hand, the punch 3 has a shape
corresponding to an upper-side shape of the press forming body (the
metal diaphragm 1). In other words, multiple projected portions 3A
and 3B (3B1, 3B2), which are projected in a downward direction, are
formed on a lower-side surface of the punch 3. When the press
working process is carried out, the work-piece 5, which is made of
metal material of a flat thin plate, is set on the upper-side
surface of the die 2. In other words, the work-piece 5 is located
at such a position that the work-piece 5 is held by and between the
die 2 and the punch 3 in the vertical direction (in the direction
perpendicular to the die 2).
[0035] In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1A, a high
dimensional accuracy for a press work is required at a main
press-work portion 5A (a center portion 5A) of the work-piece 5
(the metal diaphragm 1).
[0036] An outer peripheral portion 5B of the work-piece 5, which
has an annular shape and surrounding the center portion 5A,
corresponds to a portion requiring a lower dimensional accuracy for
the press work than that for the center portion 5A (the main
press-work portion 5A). In FIGS. 1A to 1D, each showing the cross
sectional view of the work-piece 5, the outer peripheral portion 5B
is indicated by a left-hand portion 5B1 and a right-hand portion
5B2, each of which is outwardly separated from the center portion
5A in a radial direction. The outer peripheral portion 5B is also
referred to as an outside portion 5B (5B1, 5B2).
[0037] In the present embodiment, as explained below, in an initial
stage of the press working process (a first step), the punch 3 and
the die 2 hold the outside portion 5B of the work-piece 5 prior to
a remaining portion of the work-piece 5, that is, the center
portion 5A of the work-piece 5 (the main press-work portion 5A). In
other words, an outside projected portion 3B (3B1, 3B2) of the
punch 3 is at first brought into contact with the outside portion
5B of the work-piece 5 prior to the center portion 5A, before a
center projected portion 3A of the punch 3 is brought into contact
with the center portion 5A of the work-piece 5. In the present
disclosure, the outside portion 5B of the work-piece 5 is also
referred to as a predetermined first-contact portion.
[0038] The press working method of the present embodiment, in which
the above press working mechanism 4 of the press working apparatus
is used, will be explained. Each of FIGS. 1A to 1D shows a
condition of the work-piece 5, which is deformed in accordance with
the press working process of the press working mechanism 4.
[0039] As shown in FIG. 1A, the work-piece 5 of the flat thin plate
is set on the upper-side surface of the die 2 in an opened
condition of the molds in which the punch 3 is lifted up from the
die 2.
[0040] When the press working process is started, as shown in FIGS.
1B to 10, the punch 3 is successively pushed down so as to apply a
press working pressure "P" in the downward direction to the
work-piece 5, which is held between the punch 3 and the die 2. A
press work (a deep drawing process) is carried out by applying a
press working force to the work-piece 5 in a compression direction
and/or in a tensile direction so that a plastic deformation is
generated in the work-piece 5. In the press working process, the
multiple portions 5A and 5B (5B1, 5B2) of the work-piece 5 are
pushed into the respective recessed portions 2A and 2B (2B1, 2B2)
of the die 2 by each of the projected portions 3A and 3B (3B1, 3B2)
of the punch 3. A thickness of the work-piece 5 is reduced, when
the work-piece 5 is extended along a concavo-convex shape of the
die 2 and the punch 3. Accordingly, the work-piece 5 is deformed so
as to have a predetermined shape and a shape of the metal diaphragm
1 is finally obtained, as shown in FIG. 1D.
[0041] In the initial stage of the press working process (the first
step), as shown in FIG. 15, the outside projected portion 3B (3B1,
3B2) of the punch 3 is at first brought into contact with the
outside portion 5B (5B1, 5B2) of the work-piece 5 (the
predetermined first-contact portion 5B), before the center
projected portion 3A of the punch 3 is brought into contact with
the center portion 5A of the work-piece 5 (the main press-work
portion 5A).
[0042] As shown in FIG. 1C (in the first step), the outside portion
5B (5B1, 5B2) of the work-piece 5 is press worked (the deep drawing
process) prior to the center portion 5A, so that the thickness of
the work-piece 5 is reduced at the outside portion 5B (5B1, 5B2)
and material of the work-piece 5 is moved toward a surrounding
portion(s) of the outside portion 5B (5B1, 5B2), for example, to
the center portion 5A.
[0043] As shown in FIG. 1D, in an ending stage of the press working
process (a second step), the press work (the deep drawing process)
is further done for the center portion 5A as well as the outside
portion 5B of the work-piece 5. In this stage, the material of the
work-piece 5 has been already moved to the center portion 5A from
its neighboring portion (from the outside portion 5B). Therefore,
when the press work is carried out for the center portion 5A, a
thickness reduction at the center portion 5A is suppressed. As a
result, it is possible to prevent the thickness of the work-piece 5
(the metal diaphragm 1) including an area of the center portion 5A
from being non-uniformly deformed.
[0044] According to the present embodiment, the punch 3 and die 2
hold the outside portion 5B of the work-piece 5 (the predetermined
first-contact portion 5B) prior to the other portion of the
work-piece 5 (the center portion 5A) in the initial stage of the
press working process (the first step).
[0045] In the first step, the press work is partly (or fully, as
the case may be) done for the outside portion 5B, so that the
material is moved from the outside portion 5B to the center portion
5A. Thereafter, in the second step, the press work is further
carried out for the center portion 5A and the outside portion 5B,
of the work-piece 5.
[0046] Therefore, it is possible to avoid a situation that the
work-piece 5 has non-uniform thickness in the area of the
work-piece 5 including the center portion 5A. In other words, it is
possible to prevent, the durability characteristic from becoming
worse due to the residual stress in the work-piece 5.
[0047] Specifications related to the dimensional accuracy required
for the press work at the outside portion 5B of the work-piece 5 is
not necessarily as high as that for the center portion 5A.
Therefore, the non-uniform thickness of the outside portion 5B (the
predetermined first-contact portion 5B) of the work-piece 5 has no
adverse influence on the final product, that is, the metal
diaphragm 1.
[0048] In the present embodiment, the outside portion 5B of the
work-piece 5, for which the required specifications related to the
dimensional accuracy are not always as high as that for the center
portion 5A of the work-piece 5, is selected as the predetermined
first-contact portion. However, any portion(s) of the work-piece 5,
for which the required specifications related to at least one of
the dimensional accuracy, strength and durability are lower than
that for the center portion 5A of the work-piece 5, may be selected
as the predetermined first-contact portion.
[0049] As above, the press working process of the present
embodiment includes the first step equal to the initial stage of
the press working process and the second step equal to the ending
stage of the press working process. The press working process is
applied to the press working product which has a center recessed
portion to be formed at the center portion 5A (the main press-work
portion 5A) and an annular recessed portion to be formed at the
outside portion 5B (the predetermined first-contact portion 5B),
wherein the annular recessed portion surrounds the center recessed
portion so that the center recessed portion and the annular
recessed portion are formed in the concentric fashion.
[0050] In the first step, the outside projected portion 3B of the
punch 3 is at first brought into contact with the outside portion
5B of the work-piece 5 in order to carry out the press work (for
example, the deep drawing process) and to partly or fully deform
the outside portion 5B. The material of the work-piece 5 is,
therefore, moved from the outside portion 5B toward the center
portion 5A during the press work (the deep drawing process) of the
first step.
[0051] In the second step, the center projected portion 3A of the
punch 3 is brought into contact with the center portion 5A of the
work-piece 5, so that the press work (the deep drawing process) is
further applied to both of the center portion 5A and the outside
portion 5B of the work-piece 5. As a result of the second step, the
center recessed portion and the annular recessed portion are
respectively formed at the positions corresponding to the center
portion 5A and the outside portion 5B of the work-piece 5.
[0052] According to the above press working process, it is possible
to obtain the press working product (the metal diaphragm 1) having
the uniform thickness at the area corresponding to the center
portion 5A of the work-piece 5.
Second Embodiment
[0053] FIGS. 3A to 3C show a second embodiment of the present
disclosure. The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment
in that an outside portion 6B of a work-piece 6 is formed as a
cut-out portion 6B (6B1, 6B2), which is cut out in a manufacturing
step after the press working process.
[0054] As shown in FIG. 3A, a center portion 6A of the work-piece 6
corresponds to a main press-work portion, for which the high
dimensional accuracy (that is, the high shape accuracy) of the
press work is required. The outside portion 6B (a left-hand side
portion 6B1 and a right-hand side portion 6B2 in the drawing)
surrounding the center portion 6A corresponds to a predetermined
first-contact portion, for which the high dimensional accuracy of
the press work is not required, because the outside portion 6B of
the work-piece 6 corresponds to the cut-out portion 6B (6B1, 6B2).
In the drawing of FIG. 3A or 3B, which is a cross sectional view,
two cut-out portions 6B1 and 6B2 are indicated. However, since the
outside portion 6B is formed in an annular recessed shape in the
embodiment, there exists one annular cut-out portion 6B including
the portions 6B1 and 6B2.
[0055] In the present embodiment, the press work (the deep drawing
process) is carried out to the work-piece 6 by the press working
mechanism, in order that the work-piece 6 is deformed so as to have
a predetermined shape. Then, the work-piece 6 is transferred to a
cut-out press machine for punching out the cut-out portion 6B (6B1,
6B2). As shown in FIG. 3B, the cut-out press machine has a punching
die 7 and a cut-out punch 8. The cut-out press machine punches out
the cut-out portion 6B (6B1, 6B2) at a boundary portion between the
center portion 6A and the cut-out portion 6B. According to the
above process, as shown in FIG. 3C, the center portion 6A of the
work-piece 6 is punched and a final product 9 is finished, wherein
the cut-out portion 6B is finally cut out from the work-piece
6.
[0056] According to the present embodiment, since the work-piece 6
is deformed by the press work by use of the punch 3 and the die 2
in the same manner to the first embodiment, it is possible to
prevent the durability characteristic from becoming worse due to
the residual stress in the work-piece 6. In addition, in the
present embodiment, since the outside portion 6B (the predetermined
first-contact portion) is chosen as the cut-out portion 6B, which
is cut out after the press working process, the final product. 9
can be used as the metal diaphragm 1 without causing any
problems.
Third Embodiment
[0057] FIGS. 4A and 4B show a third embodiment of the present
disclosure. In the present embodiment, either one of a punch 12 and
the die 2 of a press working mechanism 11 is made of an elastic
body. More exactly, the punch 12 is made of the elastic body in the
present embodiment. In other words, the punch 12 is made of a
material for a hyper-elastic body, for example, rubber, urethane or
the like, which has Poisson ratio close to 0.5 so that the material
has incompressibility and restoring property. The die 2 is made of
the rigid body (for example, the tool steel).
[0058] According to the above structure, as shown in FIG. 4A, an
outside projected portion 12B (12B1, 12B2) of the punch 12 is at
first brought into contact with the outside portion 5B (5B1, 5B2)
of the work-piece 5 in the initial stage of the press working
process in a condition that a center projected portion 12A of the
punch 12 is not yet in contact with the center portion 5A of the
work-piece 5. The outside projected portion 12B (12B1, 12B2) pushes
the outside portion 5B (5B1, 5B2) of the work-piece 5 to the die 2,
while the outside projected portion 12B (12B1, 12B2) is elastically
deformed, for example, elastically expanded in a lateral direction.
As a result, a squeezing effect can be increased at the outside
portion 5B (the predetermined first-contact portion 5B). Therefore,
in the same manner to the first embodiment, the outside portion 5B
is partly deformed in the initial stage of the press working
process (the first step).
[0059] As shown in FIG. 4B, in the ending stage of the press
working process (the second step), the press work is further done
for the center portion 5A of the work-piece 5 in addition to the
outside portion 5B. In this stage, the material of the work-piece 5
has been already moved to the center portion 5A from its
neighboring portion. Therefore, the press work is carried out for
the center portion 5A in such a manner that the thickness reduction
at the center portion 5A is suppressed. As a result, it is possible
to prevent the thickness of the work-piece 5 (the metal diaphragm
1) including the area of the center portion 5A from becoming
non-uniform. In other words, the press work can be done for the
center portion 5A of the work-piece 5, wherein the center portion
5A has a higher dimensional accuracy, strength and durability.
[0060] According to the present embodiment, the punch 12 is made of
the hyper-elastic body. However, a similar advantage can be
obtained when the punch 12 is made of a commonly-used elastic body,
for example, a rubber mold. Alternatively, the same function and
the same effect can be also obtained, when the punch 12 is made of
the rigid body and the die 2 is made of the elastic body or the
hyper-elastic body.
Fourth & Fifth Embodiments
[0061] Each of FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 shows a fourth embodiment and a
fifth embodiment of the present disclosure. In the same manner to
the third embodiment, a punch 15/19 is made of a hyper-elastic body
(or an elastic body), while a die 16 is made of a rigid body (a
tool steel) in the fourth and the fifth embodiments. In a press
working mechanism 14 or 18 of the fourth or the fifth embodiment, a
portion 15B/19B of the punch 15 (FIG. 5) or the punch 19 (FIG. 6),
which is at first brought into contact with a predetermined first
contact portion of the work-piece 5 (the outside portion 5B), is
projected in the downward direction toward the work-piece 5. In
other words, a projection amount of an outside projected portion
15B (15B1, 15B2) in FIG. 5 or a projection amount of an outside
projected portion. 19B (19B1, 19B2) in FIG. 6 is larger than that
of any other portions (for example, a center projected portion
15A/19A) of the punch 15 in FIG. 5 or the punch 19 in FIG. 6.
[0062] More exactly, FIG. 5 shows the fourth embodiment. In the
fourth embodiment, the press working mechanism 14 has the punch 15
made of the hyper-elastic body (or the elastic body) and the die 16
made of the rigid body. A recessed portion 16A is formed in the die
16 at a position opposing to the center portion 5A of the
work-piece 5, so that a shape of an upper-side surface of the die
16 corresponds to a shape of a final press forming product. The
center projected portion 15A is formed in the punch 15 at a
position opposing to the recessed portion 16A of the die 16, so
that a shape of a lower-side surface of the punch 15 corresponds to
the shape of the final press forming product.
[0063] The outside projected portion 15B (15B1, 15B2) is formed in
the punch 15 at such a position, at which the outside projected
portion 15B (15B1, 15B2) is at first brought into contact with the
predetermined first-contact portion (the outside portion 5B (5B1,
5B2) of the work-piece 5. The outside projected portion 15B (15B1,
15B2) is projected in the downward direction to the work-piece 5,
in such a manner that the projection amount of the outside
projected portion 15B (15B1, 15B2) is larger than that of any other
portions of the punch 15 (for example, the center projected portion
15A).
[0064] According to the present embodiment, the outside projected
portion 15B of the punch 15 is at first brought into contact with
the predetermined first-contact portion 5B of the work-piece 5 (the
outside portion 5B) prior to the center projected portion 15A of
the punch 15. In other words, the punch 15 and the die 16 hold the
outside portion 5B of the work-piece 5 prior to the main press-work
portion 5A of the work-piece 5 (the center portion 5A).
[0065] In the initial stage of the press working process, the
work-piece 5 is pressed by the outside projected portion 15B of the
punch 15 so that the predetermined first-contact portion 5B of the
work-piece 5 (the outside portion 5B) is partly (or fully) deformed
and flattened out. In the ending stage of the press working
process, during which the material of the work-piece 5 further
flows to an area of the center portion 5A from a neighboring
portion of the center portion 5A, the press work is done for the
center portion 5A and the outside portion 5B of the work-piece 5,
wherein a reduction of the thickness at the center portion 5A is
suppressed.
[0066] In the present embodiment, according to which the work-piece
5 is deformed by the press work by use of the punch 15 and the die
16, it is possible to avoid the situation that the area of the
work-piece 5 including the center portion 5A has non-uniform
thickness. It is, therefore, possible to prevent the durability
characteristic from becoming worse due to the residual stress in
the work-piece 5.
[0067] In addition, in the present embodiment, it is possible to
form the outside projected portion 15B at any position of the punch
15, independently from a press forming shape of the work-piece 5
(the shape of the final product). In other words, it is possible to
easily form the outside projected portion 15B at such a position
opposing to the predetermined first-contact portion 5B of the
work-piece 5 (the outside portion 5B). As a result, a manufacturing
cost for the molds (the punch 15 and/or the die 16) can be
reduced.
[0068] FIG. 6 shows the fifth embodiment in the fifth embodiment,
the press working mechanism 18 has the punch 19 made of the
hyper-elastic body (or the elastic body) and the die 16 made of the
in rigid body.
[0069] In the same manner to the fourth embodiment, the recessed
portion 16A is formed in the die 16 at the position opposing to the
center portion 5A of the work-piece 5. The center projected portion
19A is formed in the punch 19 at a position opposing to the
recessed portion 16A of the die 16, so that a shape of the center
projected portion 19A corresponds to a shape of the recessed
portion 16A.
[0070] The outside projected portion 19B (19B1, 19B2) is formed in
the punch 19 at such a position, at which the outside projected
portion. 19B (19B1, 19B2) is at first brought into contact with the
predetermined first-contact portion 5B (the outside portion 5B) of
the work-piece 5. More exactly, in the present embodiment, the
outside projected portion 19B (19B1, 19B2) is formed with a tapered
surface, which comes closer to the die 16 (that is, the upper-side
surface of the work-piece 5) in a radial-outward direction. A
radial-outward end portion of the tapered surface 19B (19B1, 19B2)
has a projection amount in the downward direction to the die 16 (to
the work-piece 5), which is larger than that of any other portions
of the punch 19 (for example, a center projected portion 19A).
[0071] According to the present embodiment, in the initial stage of
the press working process, the outside projected portion 19B of the
punch. 19 (that is, the tapered surface) is at first brought into
contact with the predetermined first-contact portion 5B of the
work-piece 5 (the outside portion 5B) prior to the other portions
of the punch 19, such as the center projected portion 19A. More
exactly, the tapered surface 19B is successively brought into
contact with the work-piece 5 from its radial-outward end in a
radial-inward direction. Accordingly, the punch 19 and the die 16
hold the outside portion 5B of the work-piece 5 prior to the other
portion of the work-piece 5 (the center portion 5A).
[0072] In the same manner to the fourth embodiment, in the initial
stage of the press working process, the work-piece 5 is pressed by
the outside projected portion 19B (the tapered surface 19B) of the
punch 19 so that the predetermined first-contact portion 5B of the
work-piece 5 (the outside portion 5B) is deformed and flattened
out. In the ending stage of the press working process, during which
the material of the work-piece 5 also flows to the area of the
center portion 5A from the neighboring portion of the center
portion 5A, the press work is done for the center portion 5A of the
work-piece 5, wherein the reduction of the thickness at the center
portion 5A is suppressed.
[0073] In the present embodiment, according to which the work-piece
5 is deformed by the press work by use of the punch 19 and the die
16, it is also possible to avoid the situation that the area of the
work-piece 5 including the center portion 5A has non-uniform
thickness. It is, therefore, possible to prevent the durability
characteristic from becoming worse due to the residual stress in
the work-piece 5. In addition, in the present embodiment, the above
advantages can be obtained by simply forming the tapered surface
19B in the punch 19 made of the hyper-elastic body. As a result, a
manufacturing cost for the molds (the punch 19 and/or the die 16)
can be likewise reduced.
Sixth & Seventh Embodiments
[0074] Each of FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 shows a sixth embodiment and a
seventh embodiment of the present disclosure. In the sixth and the
seventh embodiments, a punch 22 is made of the hyper-elastic body
(or the elastic body) and a die 23/26 is made of the rigid body
(the tool steel or the like).
[0075] In the sixth and the seventh embodiments, a convex portion
23B/26B is formed in the die 23/26 at a portion or an entire
portion of an outside area, which is at first brought into contact
with the predetermined first-contact portion. 5B of the work-piece
5 (the outer portion 5B). In the initial stage of the press working
process, the convex portion 23B/26B is brought into contact with
the predetermined first-contact portion 5B of the work-piece 5
prior to any other portion (for example, the center portion 5A).
More exactly, the punch 22 and the die 23/26 (the convex portion of
the die) hold the predetermined first-contact portion 5B of the
work-piece 5 prior to the center portion 5A of the work-piece 5,
when starting the press working process.
[0076] More exactly, FIG. 7 shows the sixth embodiment in the sixth
embodiment, a press working mechanism 21 has the punch 22 made of
the hyper-elastic body (or the elastic body) and the die 23 made of
the rigid body. A lower-side surface of the punch 22 is formed with
a flat surface. A recessed portion 23A, which corresponds to a
shape of the final product, is formed in the die 23 at a position
opposing to the center portion 5A of the work-piece 5. The convex
portion 23B (23B1, 23B2) having a step shape is formed in the die
23 at a position, at which the die 23 is at first brought into
contact with the predetermined first-contact portion 5B of the
work-piece 5 (the outside portion 5B). The convex portion 23B is
upwardly projected toward the work-piece 5 more than any other
portion of the die 23 (for example, the recessed portion 23A formed
at the position opposing to the center portion 5A of the work-piece
5).
[0077] According to the above structure, in the initial stage of
the press working process (the first step), the convex portion 23B
of the die 23 is at first brought into contact with the
predetermined first-contact portion 5B (the outside portion 5B of
the work-piece 5), so that the die 23 and the punch 22 hold the
outside portion 5B prior to the center portion 5A of the work-piece
5. In the initial stage of the press working process, the punch 22
is deformed so as to apply the press working force to the outside
portion 5B of the work-piece 5, so that a part of the material
flows from the outside portion 5B to the center portion 5A of the
work-piece 5. In the ending stage of the press working process (the
second step), during which the material of the work-piece 5 further
flows to the area of the center portion 5A from the neighboring
area of the center portion 5, the press work is done for the center
portion 5A of the work-piece 5, so that the reduction of the
thickness at the center portion 5A is suppressed.
[0078] In the present embodiment, according to which the work-piece
5 is deformed by the press work by use of the punch 22 and the die
23, it is possible to avoid the situation that the area of the
work-piece 5 including the center portion 5A has non-uniform
thickness. It is, therefore, possible to prevent the durability
characteristics from becoming worse due to the residual stress in
the work-piece 5.
[0079] In addition, in the present embodiment, it is possible to
form the convex portion 23B at any position of the die 23
independently from the press forming shape of the work-piece 5
(that is, the shape of the final product). In other words, it is
possible to easily form the convex portion 23B at such a position
corresponding to the predetermined first-contact portion 5B of the
work-piece 5 (the outside portion 5B). Furthermore, since the shape
of the punch 22 has a simple shape having no concave and/or convex,
it is possible to further reduce the cost for manufacturing the
mold for the punch 22.
[0080] Furthermore, FIG. 8 shows the seventh embodiment. In the
seventh embodiment, a press working mechanism 25 has the punch 22
made of the hyper-elastic body (or the elastic body) and the die 26
made of the rigid body. A recessed portion 26A is formed at an
upper-side surface of the die 26 at a position opposing to the
center portion 5A of the work-piece 5, wherein the recessed portion
26A corresponds to the shape of the final product. The convex
portion 26B (26B1, 26B2) having a tapered surface is further formed
on the upper-side surface of the die 26 at a position, at which the
die 26 is at first brought into contact with the predetermined
first-contact portion 5B of the work-piece 5 (the outside portion
5B). The tapered surface 26B is upwardly inclined toward the
work-piece 5 in the radial-outward direction. In other words, the
tapered surface 26B comes closer to the work-piece 5 in the
radial-outward direction.
[0081] According to the above structure, in the initial stage of
the press working process (the first step), the tapered surface 26B
of the die 26 is at first brought into contact with the
predetermined first-contact portion 5B of the work-piece 5 (the
outside portion 5B), so that the die 26 and the punch 22 hold the
outside portion 5B prior to the other portion of the work-piece 5
(the center portion 5A). In the press working process, the punch.
22 is deformed so as to apply the press working force to the
outside portion 5B of the work-piece 5, so that a part of the
material flows from the outside portion 5B to the center portion 5A
of the work-piece 5. In the ending stage of the press working
process (the second step), during which the material of the
work-piece 5 further flows to the area of the center portion 5A
from the neighboring area of the center portion 5A, the press work
is done for the center portion 5A of the work-piece 5, so that the
reduction of the thickness at the center portion 5A is
suppressed.
[0082] In the present embodiment, according to which the work-piece
5 is deformed by the press work by use of the punch 22 and the die
26, it is possible to avoid the situation that the area of the
work-piece 5 including the center portion 5A has non-uniform
thickness. It is, therefore, possible to prevent the durability
characteristics from becoming worse due to the residual stress in
the work-piece 5. In addition, in the present embodiment, since it
is possible to easily form the tapered surface 26B on the
upper-side surface of the die 26 and the punch 22 has the simple
shape having no concave and/or convex, it is possible to further
reduce the cost for manufacturing the molds for the punch 22 and
the die 26.
[0083] In the above fourth to the seventh embodiments, the punch is
made of the hyper-elastic body (or the elastic body), while the die
is made of the rigid body. However, the punch may be made of the
rigid body, while the die may be made of the hyper-elastic body (or
the elastic body). In such a case, the position of the projected
portion, the convex portion or the tapered surface is also reversed
from that of the fourth to the seventh embodiments.
[0084] In addition, in the above fourth to the seventh embodiment
the press work is done by one cycle of the press working process
for obtaining the final product (the press forming product).
However, a multi-stage press work (that is, a progressive press
work) is actually done by multiple, press working processes in
order to obtain a complex shape.
[0085] Generally, in the case that the punch or the die is made of
the elastic body (in particular, the hyper-elastic body), an amount
of the expansion deformation is larger than that of the compression
deformation. Therefore, the projected portion or the convex portion
may be preferably formed in the punch or the die, which is made of
the rigid body, so that the press work can be effectively done.
[0086] Therefore, when the multi-platen press work is done, it is
preferable that a portion (the projected portion, the convex
portion or the like) of the rigid body is at first brought into
contact with the predetermined first-contact portion of the
work-piece. Therefore, the punch and/or the die may be changed as
the case may be. Alternatively, a surface direction of the
work-piece may be changed upside-down.
Eighth Embodiment
[0087] FIGS. 9A and 9B show an eighth embodiment of the present
disclosure. In the eighth embodiment, a press working mechanism 28
has a punch 29 made of the hyper-elastic body (or the elastic body)
and a die 30 mace of the rigid body (the tool steel or the
like).
[0088] Multiple recessed portions 30A and 30B (30B1, 30B2) are
formed in the die 30, wherein each of the recessed portions 30A and
30B (30B1, 30B2) corresponds to a shape of a lower side of a press
forming product. Multiple projected portions 29A and 29B (29B1,
29B2) are formed in the punch 29, wherein each of the projected
portions 29A and 29B (29B1, 29B2) corresponds to a shape of an
upper side of the press forming product. The work-piece 5 has the
center portion 5A, for which high dimensional accuracy of the press
work is required, and the predetermined first-contact portion 5B
(the outside portion 5B), which is located at the outside of the
center portion 5A.
[0089] As shown in FIG. 9A, a thickness size "u" in a press working
direction of the punch 29 made of the elastic body is made larger
than a deformation size of the work-piece 5, which is press worked
in the press working direction. More exactly, each of the projected
portions 29A, 29B (29B1, 29B2) of the punch 29 has a height "a", a
height ".beta.1" and a height ".beta.2" in its height direction (in
the press working direction). The thickness size ".mu." of the
punch 29 (a main body of the punch 29 made of the elastic body) is
larger than the deformation size of the work-piece 5. For example,
the thickness size ".mu." is larger than any one of the heights
".alpha., .beta.1, .beta.2" of the projected portions.
[0090] As shown in FIG. 9B, the press work is done while the punch
29 is elastically deformed. Since the thickness size ".mu." is made
to be sufficiently large, the deformation amount can be
correspondingly and sufficiently increased.
[0091] According to the above structure, the punch 29 can be easily
and elastically deformed along a shape of the die 30. It can
increase the effect for suppressing the situation that the
work-piece 5 (in particular, the area including the center portion
5A) has non-uniform thickness. In other words, a press load
necessary for obtaining the desired deformation can be decreased.
As a result, it is possible to reduce wear amount of the die 30
and/or the punch 29, to elongate a life duration of the press
working mechanism 28, and to make the press working mechanism 28
smaller.
Further Embodiments and/or Modifications
[0092] Some further embodiments of the present disclosure will be
further explained, although not shown in the drawings.
[0093] In recent years, technologies for a so-called hydraulic
press method have been developed in addition to the conventional
press working process using the metal molds. In the hydraulic press
method, a compression, an extrusion, a forging or a cutting process
can be carried out by use of hydraulic pressure of water, oil or
the like.
[0094] In the third to the eighth embodiments of the present
disclosure, either one of the punch and the die, which is made of
the elastic body may be replaced by liquid including water, oil or
the like. In other words, the liquid (including the water, the oil
or the like) is used as the elastic body for the punch or the die,
and the press working force is applied by the hydraulic pressure to
the press forming surface of the work-piece.
[0095] The liquid is in-compressible. It is possible to uniformly
apply the pressure to the press forming surface of the work-piece
when the liquid is continuously supplied. This hydraulic press
method can be regarded as an equivalent to the press working
process, in which the punch (or the die) made of the hyper-elastic
body having Poisson ratio 0.5 is pressed to the work-piece.
[0096] In addition, when the supply of the liquid is stopped, the
hydraulic pressure disappears. This means that the stop of the
liquid supply has an effect equivalent to that of the elastic body,
which is moved back to its initial condition according to its
restoring characteristics. In a case of the hydraulic press method,
it is not possible to generate a negative pressure. This is a point
of the hydraulic press method different from the elastic body (the
hyper-elastic body).
[0097] As above, when the press working process is carried out by
the liquid pressure, the liquid plays a role of either the punch or
the die for applying the press working force to the work-piece. A
part of the punch or the die, which is made of the rigid body and
which is at first brought into contact with the predetermined
first-contact portion of the work-piece in order to receive the
press working, force, is formed in a projected or convexed shape.
The portion of the punch or the die (whichever is made of the rigid
body) of the projected or convexed shape is at first brought into
contact with the predetermined first-contact portion of the
work-piece and then a remaining portion of the punch or the die is
brought into contact with a remaining portion of the work-piece. In
other words, the punch or the die, which is made of the elastic
body (in this case, the liquid), and the punch or the die, which is
made of the rigid body, hold the predetermined first-contact
portion of the work-piece prior to the other portion of the
work-piece in the first stage of the press working process, so that
the predetermined first-contact portion of the work-piece is at
first deformed by the press working force applied by the liquid
pressure. According to the above structure, the same advantages to
those of the above first to the eighth embodiments can be also
obtained in such a modified embodiment.
[0098] In the above embodiments, the metal thin plate is used as
the work-piece. When the press working method of the present
disclosure is applied to a high-volume manufacturing equipment, a
band-like metal material wound in a roll shape may be used as the
work-piece, wherein the band-like metal material is supplied by a
transport mechanism to a press working mechanism in a continuous
manner. In this case, for example, a pawl portion is formed at a
periphery of the band-like metal material, so that the metal
material is transferred by the transport mechanism. Since such a
pawl portion is not necessary for the final product, the pawl
portion is cut out after the press working process. Therefore, the
pawl portion which is formed in the metal material and used for
transferring the metal material can be used as a portion, for which
high specifications are not required with respect to at least one
of the dimensional accuracy of the press work, the mechanical
strength and the durability characteristics. Therefore, the pawl
portion of the metal material can be used as the predetermined
first-contact portion of the work-piece.
[0099] The metal diaphragm 1 of the present disclosure may be
applied not only to the pressure sensor of the above embodiments
but also to any other products (or a part and/or component of the
product), such as, a pressure measuring device, an air-tightness
holding device (which is called as a sealing device), a hermetic
seal device, a metallic part including a heat radiating part, a
product including a part of spring material, and so on. Not only
the metal material but also any other material, such as natural
resin, synthetic resin (including carbonaceous resin), fiber
material, paper material, wood and so on may be used as the press
working product.
[0100] In addition, the shape of the press forming product (the
metal diaphragm 1) is not limited to the shape of the above
embodiments. Furthermore, any kinds of materials may be used for
the punch and/or the die. The present disclosure is not limited to
the above embodiments but can be further modified in various
manners without departing from a spirit of the present
disclosure.
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