U.S. patent application number 14/277311 was filed with the patent office on 2014-09-04 for reducing weak-erase type read disturb in 3d non-volatile memory.
This patent application is currently assigned to SanDisk Technologies Inc.. The applicant listed for this patent is SanDisk Technologies Inc.. Invention is credited to Yingda Dong, Hitoshi Miwa, Man L Mui.
Application Number | 20140247659 14/277311 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 47291277 |
Filed Date | 2014-09-04 |
United States Patent
Application |
20140247659 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Dong; Yingda ; et
al. |
September 4, 2014 |
REDUCING WEAK-ERASE TYPE READ DISTURB IN 3D NON-VOLATILE MEMORY
Abstract
A read process for a 3D stacked memory device provides an
optimum level of channel boosting for unselected memory strings, to
repress both normal and weak-erase types of read disturbs. The
channel is boosted by controlling of voltages of bit lines (Vbl),
drain-side select gates (Vsgd_unsel), source-side select gates
(Vsgs_unsel), a selected level (word line layer) of the memory
device (Vcg_sel), and unselected levels of the memory device
(Vcg_unsel). A channel can be boosted by initially making the
drain-side and source-side select gates non-conductive, to allow
capacitive coupling from an increasing Vcg_unsel. The drain-side
and/or source-side select gates are then made conductive by raising
Vsgd_unsel and/or Vsgs_unsel, interrupting the boosting.
Additionally boosting can occur by making the drain-side and/or
source-side select gates non-conductive again while Vcg_unsel is
still increasing. Or, the channel can be driven at Vbl. Two-step
boosting drives the channel at Vbl, then provides boosting by
capacitive coupling.
Inventors: |
Dong; Yingda; (San Jose,
CA) ; Mui; Man L; (Santa Clara, CA) ; Miwa;
Hitoshi; (Kanagawa, JP) |
|
Applicant: |
Name |
City |
State |
Country |
Type |
SanDisk Technologies Inc. |
Plano |
TX |
US |
|
|
Assignee: |
SanDisk Technologies Inc.
Plano
TX
|
Family ID: |
47291277 |
Appl. No.: |
14/277311 |
Filed: |
May 14, 2014 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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14071288 |
Nov 4, 2013 |
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14277311 |
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13364518 |
Feb 2, 2012 |
8670285 |
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14071288 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
365/185.11 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G11C 16/26 20130101;
G11C 16/0483 20130101; G11C 16/3427 20130101; H01L 27/11582
20130101; H01L 27/1157 20130101; G11C 11/5642 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
365/185.11 |
International
Class: |
G11C 16/26 20060101
G11C016/26 |
Claims
1. A method for reading, the method comprising: performing a read
operation for a selected memory cell in a first plurality of memory
cells, the first plurality of memory cells are formed above a
substrate in multiple physical levels of memory cells in a
three-dimensional non-volatile memory, and the performing a read
operation comprises applying a control gate voltage to a selected
word line of the three-dimensional non-volatile memory which is
coupled to the selected memory cell while providing a drain-side
select gate of the first plurality of memory cells in a conductive
state and while sensing a threshold voltage of the selected memory
cell; and controlling a boosting level of a channel of an active
area of a second plurality of memory cells during the read
operation, the second plurality of memory cells are formed above
the substrate in the multiple physical levels of memory cells in
the three-dimensional non-volatile memory, the active area
comprises a pillar which extends vertically in the
three-dimensional non-volatile memory, the controlling comprises
allowing boosting of the channel followed by interrupting boosting
of the channel, the allowing boosting of the channel comprise
applying an increasing pass voltage to an unselected word line of
the three-dimensional non-volatile memory while providing select
gates of the second plurality of memory cells in a non-conductive
state, and the interrupting boosting of the channel comprises
transitioning at least one of the select gates of the second
plurality of memory cells from the non-conductive state to the
conductive state, the performing of the read operation and the
controlling of the boosting level are performed by circuitry which
is associated with operation of the first plurality of memory cells
and the second plurality of memory cells.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the controlling comprises
transitioning the at least one of the select gates of the second
plurality of memory cells back from the conductive state to the
non-conductive state.
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising: further increasing
the pass voltage after the transitioning the at least one of the
select gates of the second plurality of memory cells back from the
conductive state to the non-conductive state.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein: the transitioning the at least
one of the select gates of the second plurality of memory cells
from the non-conductive state to the conductive state comprises
increasing a voltage of the at least one of the select gates of the
second plurality of memory cells.
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising: transitioning the at
least one of the select gates of the second plurality of memory
cells from the conductive state back to the non-conductive state by
decreasing the voltage of the at least one of the select gates of
the second plurality of memory cells.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: the voltage of the at least one
of the select gates of the second plurality of memory cells has a
spike shape.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein: the voltage of the at least one
of the select gates of the second plurality of memory cells reaches
a steady state level after the increasing the voltage and before
the decreasing the voltage.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: the select gates of the second
plurality of memory cells comprises a drain-side select gate and a
source-side select gate; and the transitioning comprises
transitioning both the drain-side and source-side select gates of
the second plurality of memory cells from the non-conductive state
to the conductive state.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein: the controlling comprises
transitioning both the drain-side and source-side select gates of
the second plurality of memory cells back from the conductive state
to the non-conductive state.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein: the performing the read
operation comprises providing a source-side select gate of the
first plurality of memory cells in the conductive state.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein: the controlling comprise
applying the increasing pass voltage to a plurality of unselected
word lines of the three-dimensional non-volatile memory.
12. The method of claim 1, further comprising: during the
transitioning, applying a voltage to the selected word line which
is sufficiently high to render the selected memory cell in the
conductive state.
13. The method of claim 12, further comprising: after the
transitioning and before the sensing, removing the voltage from the
selected word line which is sufficiently high to render the
selected memory cell in the conductive state.
14. The method of claim 1, further comprising: while providing the
drain-side select gate of the first plurality of memory cells in
the conductive state, applying, via a common bit line, a non-zero
voltage to the drain-side select gate of the first plurality of
memory cells and to the drain-side select gate of the second
plurality of memory cells.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein: the circuitry is within the
substrate.
16. The method of claim 1, wherein: the circuitry is above the
substrate.
17. The method of claim 1, wherein: the at least one of the select
gates of the second plurality of memory cells comprises a
drain-side select gate of the second plurality of memory cells.
18. The method of claim 1, wherein: the at least one of the select
gates of the second plurality of memory cells comprises a
source-side select gate of the second plurality of memory
cells.
19. A non-volatile memory device, comprising: a substrate; a first
plurality of memory cells, the first plurality of memory cells are
formed above the substrate in multiple physical levels of memory
cells in a three-dimensional non-volatile memory, the first
plurality of memory cells comprise an active area, the active area
of the first plurality of memory cells comprises a pillar which
extends vertically in the three-dimensional non-volatile memory,
the first plurality of memory cells comprise a selected memory cell
in a selected level of the multiple physical levels, and the first
plurality of memory cells comprising a drain-side select gate and a
source-side select gate; a second plurality of memory cells, the
second plurality of memory cells are formed above the substrate in
the multiple physical levels of memory cells in the
three-dimensional non-volatile memory, the second plurality of
memory cells comprise an active area, the active area of the second
plurality of memory cells comprises a pillar which extends
vertically in the three-dimensional non-volatile memory, the second
plurality of memory cells comprise unselected memory cells in the
multiple physical levels, and the second plurality of memory cells
comprise a drain-side select gate and a source-side select gate;
and circuitry in communication with the plurality of memory cells,
the circuitry provides an increase during a period of time in a
pass voltage for memory cells in an unselected level of the
multiple physical levels, and during the period of time, provides
the drain-side select gate of the first plurality of memory cells
in a conductive state and transitions at least one of the select
gates of the second plurality of memory cells from a non-conductive
state to the conductive state and back to the non-conductive state,
and after the period of time, applies a control gate voltage to the
selected memory cell and senses a threshold voltage of the selected
memory cell.
20. The non-volatile memory device of claim 19, wherein: during the
period of time, the circuitry applies a voltage to the selected
level which is sufficiently high to render the selected memory cell
in the conductive state.
21. The non-volatile memory device of claim 20, wherein: during the
period of time, the circuitry removes the voltage from the selected
level which is sufficiently high to render the selected memory cell
in the conductive state.
22. The non-volatile memory device of claim 19, wherein: the first
and second plurality of memory cells are U-shaped.
23. The non-volatile memory device of claim 19, wherein: the
circuitry is within the substrate.
24. The non-volatile memory device of claim 19, wherein: the
circuitry is above the substrate.
25. The non-volatile memory device of claim 19, wherein: the at
least one of the select gates of the second plurality of memory
cells comprises a drain-side select gate of the second plurality of
memory cells.
26. The non-volatile memory device of claim 19, wherein: the at
least one of the select gates of the second plurality of memory
cells comprises a source-side select gate of the second plurality
of memory cells.
27. A method for performing a read operation, comprising: boosting
a channel of an active area of a second plurality of memory cells,
the second plurality of memory cells is formed above a substrate in
multiple physical levels of memory cells in a three-dimensional
non-volatile memory, a first plurality of memory cells is formed
above the substrate in the multiple physical levels of memory cells
in the three-dimensional non-volatile memory, the active area
comprises a pillar which extends vertically in the
three-dimensional non-volatile memory, the first plurality of
memory cells comprises a selected memory cell in a selected level
of the multiple physical levels, a drain-side select gate and a
source-side select gate, and the second plurality of memory cells
comprises a drain-side select gate and a source-side select gate,
the boosting the channel comprises increasing a pass voltage for
memory cells in unselected levels of the multiple physical levels
from an initial level to an elevated level; during the increasing
of the pass voltage, before the pass voltage reaches the elevated
level, interrupting the boosting by raising a voltage of the
drain-side select gate of the second plurality of memory cells,
causing the drain-side select gate of the second plurality of
memory cells to transition from a non-conductive state to a
conductive state; and with the channel at a boosted level caused by
the boosting, and the pass voltage at the elevated level: applying
a control gate read voltage to the selected memory cell and sensing
whether a threshold voltage of the selected memory cell is above
the control gate read voltage, the boosting of the channel of the
active area, the interrupting of the boosting and the applying the
control gate read voltage to the selected memory cell and sensing
whether the threshold voltage of the selected memory cell is above
the control gate read voltage, are performed by circuitry which is
associated with operation of the first plurality of memory cells
and the second plurality of memory cells.
28. The method of claim 27, further comprising: during the
increasing of the pass voltage, transitioning the drain-side select
gate of the second plurality of memory cells back from the
conductive state to the non-conductive state.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This is a continuation application of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 14/071,288, filed Nov. 4, 2014, and published
as US 2014/056065 on Feb. 27, 2014, which is a continuation
application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/364,518, filed
Feb. 2, 2012, published as US 2013/0201760 on Aug. 8, 2013 and
issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,670,285 on Mar. 11, 2014, all of which
are incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND
[0002] The present technology relates to techniques for reading
memory cells in a 3D-non-volatile memory device.
[0003] Recently, ultra high density storage devices have been
proposed using a 3D stacked memory structure sometimes referred to
as a Bit Cost Scalable (BiCS) architecture. For example, a 3D NAND
stacked memory device can be formed from an array of alternating
conductive and dielectric layers. A memory hole is drilled in the
layers to define many memory layers simultaneously. A NAND string
is then formed by filling the memory hole with appropriate
materials. A straight NAND string extends in one memory hole, while
a pipe- or U-shaped NAND string (P-BiCS) includes a pair of
vertical columns of memory cells which extend in two memory holes
and which are joined by a bottom back gate. Control gates of the
memory cells are provided by the conductive layers.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0004] Like-numbered elements refer to common components in the
different figures.
[0005] FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a 3D stacked non-volatile
memory device.
[0006] FIG. 1B is a functional block diagram of the 3D stacked
non-volatile memory device 100 of FIG. 1A.
[0007] FIG. 1C depicts an embodiment of block BLK0 of FIG. 1A which
includes U-shaped NAND strings, where a set of U-shaped NAND
strings associated with a common bit line is highlighted.
[0008] FIG. 1D depicts the embodiment of FIG. 1C, where a sub-block
of U-shaped NAND strings is highlighted.
[0009] FIG. 1E depicts an embodiment of block BLK0 of FIG. 1A,
where a set of straight NAND strings associated with a common bit
line is highlighted.
[0010] FIG. 1F depicts the embodiment of FIG. 1E, where a sub-block
of straight NAND strings is highlighted.
[0011] FIG. 2A depicts a top view of a word line layer of a 3D
non-volatile memory device having U-shaped NAND strings, consistent
with FIG. 1C, showing word line layer portions and associated
drivers.
[0012] FIG. 2B depicts a top view of a select gate layer of the 3D
non-volatile memory device of FIG. 2A, showing drain-side select
gate lines, source-side select gate lines and associated
drivers.
[0013] FIG. 2C depicts a top view of a source line layer of the 3D
non-volatile memory device of FIG. 2A, showing source lines and
associated drivers.
[0014] FIG. 2D depicts a top view of a bit line layer of the 3D
non-volatile memory device of FIG. 2A, showing bit lines and
associated drivers.
[0015] FIG. 2E depicts a cross-sectional view of a block of the 3D
non-volatile memory device of FIG. 2A, along line 200 of SetA0 of
NAND strings of FIG. 2A.
[0016] FIG. 2F depicts a close-up view of the region 269 of the
column C0 of FIG. 2E, showing a drain-side select gate SGD0 and a
memory cell MC6,0.
[0017] FIG. 2G depicts a cross-sectional view of the column C0 of
FIG. 2F.
[0018] FIG. 3 depicts an arrangement of memory cells in an example
set of NAND strings such as SetA0 in FIG. 2E.
[0019] FIG. 4 depicts threshold voltage distributions of an erased
state and higher data states.
[0020] FIG. 5A depicts a read operation for a block of memory
cells.
[0021] FIG. 5B depicts an embodiment of the read operation of FIG.
5A.
[0022] FIG. 5C depicts another embodiment of the read operation of
FIG. 5A.
[0023] FIG. 5D depicts another embodiment of the read operation of
FIG. 5A.
[0024] FIG. 5E depicts another embodiment of the read operation of
FIG. 5A.
[0025] FIG. 5F depicts another embodiment of the read operation of
FIG. 5A.
[0026] FIG. 5G depicts another embodiment of the read operation of
FIG. 5A.
[0027] FIGS. 6A1 to 6D2 depict waveforms associated with the
embodiments of FIGS. 5B-5E.
[0028] FIGS. 7A to 7F2 depict waveforms associated with the
embodiments of FIGS. 5F and 5G.
[0029] FIG. 8A depicts a top view of word line layers of a 3D
non-volatile memory device having straight NAND strings, consistent
with FIGS. 1E and 1F, showing associated drivers.
[0030] FIG. 8B depicts a top view of a select gate layer of the 3D
non-volatile memory device of FIG. 8A, showing drain-side select
gate lines and associated drivers.
[0031] FIG. 8C depicts a top view of a select gate layer of the 3D
non-volatile memory device of FIG. 8A, showing source-side select
gate lines and associated drivers.
[0032] FIG. 8D depicts a top view of a source line layer of the 3D
non-volatile memory device of FIG. 8A, showing source lines and
associated drivers.
[0033] FIG. 8E depicts a top view of a bit line layer of the 3D
non-volatile memory device of FIG. 8A, showing bit lines and
associated drivers.
[0034] FIG. 8F depicts a cross-sectional view of a block of the 3D
non-volatile memory device of FIG. 8A, along line 800 of setB0 of
NAND strings FIG. 8A.
[0035] FIG. 9 depicts an arrangement of memory cells in an example
set of NAND strings such as SetB0 in FIG. 8F.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0036] In a 3D stacked non-volatile memory device, a read operation
which is performed to read the state of selected memory cells can
adversely impact the state of unselected memory cells in a process
referred to a read disturb. For example, the 3D stacked
non-volatile memory device can be arranged in multiple blocks,
where each block includes multiple sub-blocks, and a read operation
is performed on a selected sub-block of a block. The different
sub-blocks can have the same word line layer, bit line and source
line biases, but typically have separate select gate (SG) biases
for source-side select gates (SGS) and drain-side select gates
(SGD). During the read in the selected sub-block, the SGS and SGD
transistors of the unselected sub-blocks are typically turned off
(made non-conductive) to cut off the conduction paths in unselected
strings of the memory cells. A read-pass voltage (Vread_pass) of
about 7.about.8 V is applied to the unselected word line layers,
boosting a peak channel potential of the unselected strings to
above 5 V. This full measure of boosting is due to capacitive
coupling from the unselected word line layers to the channel.
[0037] This channel boosting can help reduce the occurrence of
normal read disturb for the unselected cells of the unselected
strings. Normal read disturb results in an increase (or a decrease,
in some cases) in the threshold voltage of an unselected cell in a
read operation. Normal read disturb is caused by a large potential
difference between the control gate and channel of a cell.
[0038] However, when a cell is being read with a relatively low
voltage (Vcgr) on the selected word line layer, the relatively high
channel boosting potential during read can draw charge out of a
region of the channel which is associated with the selected cell,
lowering the threshold voltage (Vth) of the cell and thereby weakly
erasing of the cell. This problem is most apparent when the cell
has a relatively high Vth, e.g., is programmed to a relatively high
data state. This weak-erase type of read disturb can cause an error
in the data stored by a cell, adversely impact the performance of
the memory device.
[0039] The weak-erase type of read disturb can be suppressed by
turning on (making conductive) select gates in all sub-blocks when
the select gate transistors ramp up to completely discharge the
channels. However, the potentials in the channels of the unselected
strings will be too low (e.g., 0 V) during the read operation, so
that the normal read disturb occurs.
[0040] A better approach, as described herein, carefully controls
the level of channel boosting of unselected strings during a read
operation by controlling the boosting process. In particular, the
SGS and/or SGD select gates can be temporarily made conductive
during a read operation to allow a reduced amount of channel
boosting which is less than the full measure of channel boosting.
The reduced amount of channel boosting is sufficient to repress
normal read disturb but not so high as to encourage weak-erase type
of read disturb.
[0041] In the discussion below, structural details of 3D stacked
non-volatile memory devices are provided generally in FIGS. 1A to 3
and 8A to 9, and details of a read operation are provided generally
in FIGS. 4 to 7C.
[0042] FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a 3D stacked non-volatile
memory device. The memory device 100 includes a substrate 101. On
the substrate are example blocks BLK0 and BLK1 of memory cells and
a peripheral area 106 with circuitry for use by the blocks. The
substrate 101 can also carry circuitry under the blocks, along with
one or more lower metal layers which are patterned in conductive
paths to carry signals of the circuitry. The blocks are formed in
an intermediate region 102 of the memory device. In an upper region
103 of the memory device, one or more upper metal layers are
patterned in conductive paths to carry signals of the circuitry.
Each block comprises a stacked area of memory cells, where
alternating levels of the stack represent word lines. In one
possible approach, each block has opposing tiered sides from which
vertical contacts extend upward to an upper metal layer to form
connections to conductive paths. While two blocks are depicted as
an example, additional blocks can be used, extending in the x-
and/or y-directions.
[0043] In one possible approach, the length of the plane, in the
x-direction, represents a direction in which signal paths to word
lines extend in the one or more upper metal layers, and the width
of the plane, in the y-direction, represents a direction in which
signal paths to bit lines extend in the one or more upper metal
layers. The z-direction represents a height of the memory
device.
[0044] FIG. 1B is a functional block diagram of the 3D stacked
non-volatile memory device 100 of FIG. 1A. The memory device 100
may include one or more memory die 108. The memory die 108 includes
a 3D (three-dimensional) memory array of storage elements 150,
e.g., including the blocks BLK0 and BLK1, control circuitry 110,
and read/write circuits 165. The memory array 150 is addressable by
word lines via a row decoder 130 and by bit lines via a column
decoder 160. The read/write circuits 165 include multiple sense
blocks 140 (sensing circuitry) and allow a page of storage elements
to be read or programmed in parallel. Typically a controller 150 is
included in the same memory device 100 (e.g., a removable storage
card) as the one or more memory die 108. Commands and data are
transferred between the host and controller 150 via lines 120 and
between the controller and the one or more memory die 108 via lines
118.
[0045] The control circuitry 110 cooperates with the read/write
circuits 165 to perform memory operations on the memory array 150,
and includes a state machine 112, an on-chip address decoder 114,
and a power control module 116. The state machine 112 provides
chip-level control of memory operations. The on-chip address
decoder 114 provides an address interface between that used by the
host or a memory controller to the hardware address used by the
decoders 130 and 160. The power control module 116 controls the
power and voltages supplied to the word lines and bit lines during
memory operations. It can includes drivers for word line layers and
word line layer portions, drain- and source-side select gate
drivers (referring, e.g., to drain- and source-sides or ends of a
string of memory cells such as a NAND string, for instance) and
source lines. The sense blocks 140 can include bit line drivers, in
one approach.
[0046] In some implementations, some of the components can be
combined. In various designs, one or more of the components (alone
or in combination), other than memory array 150, can be thought of
as at least one control circuit. For example, at least one control
circuit may include any one of, or a combination of, control
circuitry 110, state machine 112, decoders 114/160, power control
116, sense blocks 140, read/write circuits 165, and controller 150,
and so forth.
[0047] In another embodiment, a non-volatile memory system uses
dual row/column decoders and read/write circuits. Access to the
memory array 150 by the various peripheral circuits is implemented
in a symmetric fashion, on opposite sides of the array, so that the
densities of access lines and circuitry on each side are reduced by
half. Thus, the row decoder is split into two row decoders and the
column decoder into two column decoders. Similarly, the read/write
circuits are split into read/write circuits connecting to bit lines
from the bottom and read/write circuits connecting to bit lines
from the top of the array 150. In this way, the density of the
read/write modules is reduced by one half
[0048] Other types of non-volatile memory in addition to NAND flash
memory can also be used.
[0049] FIG. 1C depicts an embodiment of block BLK0 of FIG. 1A which
includes U-shaped NAND strings. The block BLK0A includes U-shaped
NAND strings arranged in sets (SetA0, SetA1, SetA2, SetA3, . . . ,
SetAn, where there are n-1 sets in a block). Each set of NAND
strings is associated with one bit line (BLA0, BLA1, BLA2, BLA3, .
. . , BLAn). In one approach, all NAND strings in a block which are
associated with one bit line are in the same set. Each U-shaped
NAND string thus has two columns of memory cells--a drain-side
column and a source-side column. For example, SetA0 includes NAND
strings NSA0 (having drain-side column C0 and source-side column
C1), NSA1 (having drain-side column C3 and source-side column C2),
NSA2 (having drain-side column C4 and source-side column C5), NSA3
(having drain-side column C7 and source-side column C6), NSA4
(having drain-side column C8 and source-side column C9) and NSA5
(having drain-side column C11 and source-side column C10). Source
lines extend transversely to the bit lines and include SLA0, SLA1
and SLA2. The source lines join the source-side columns of adjacent
NAND string in a set. For example, SLA0 joins C1 and C2, SLA1 joins
C5 and C6 and SLA2 joins C9 and C10. In one approach, the source
lines in a block are joined to one another and driven by one
driver. The bit lines and the source lines are above the memory
cell array in this example.
[0050] NAND strings 170-173 are in the same sub-block as NSA0.
[0051] FIG. 1D depicts the embodiment of FIG. 1C, where an example
sub-block of U-shaped NAND strings is highlighted by diagonal
lines. A block can be divided into sub-blocks. When U-shaped NAND
strings are used, each sub-block can include a set of NAND strings
which extend in the x direction. For example, one sub-block
comprises NSA0 and NAND strings 170-173, another sub-block
comprises NSA1 and the NAND string behind it in the -x direction,
and so forth. Each NAND string includes a drain-side column of
memory cells and a source side column of memory cells as discussed
further in connection with FIG. 2A, for instance. Ends of the
source side columns in a sub-block are connected to a common select
line. For example, the ends of the source side columns in the
sub-block 201 are connected to SLA0.
[0052] FIG. 1E depicts an embodiment of block BLK0 of FIG. 1A which
includes straight NAND strings. The block BLK0B includes straight
NAND strings arranged in sets (SetB0, SetB1, SetB2, SetB3, . . . ,
SetBn, where there are n-1 sets in a block). Each set of NAND
strings is associated with one bit line (BLB0, BLB1, BLB2, BLB3, .
. . , BLBn). In one approach, all NAND strings in a block which are
associated with one bit line are in the same set. Each straight
NAND string has one column of memory cells. For example, SetA0
includes NAND strings NSB0, NSB1, NSB2, NSB3, NSB4 and NSB5. Source
lines extend parallel to the bit line and include SLB0, SLB1, SLB2,
SLB3, . . . , SLBn. In one approach, the source lines in a block
are joined to one another and driven by one driver. The bit lines
are above the memory cell array and the source lines are below the
memory cell array in this example. Each block can include
sub-blocks of columns of memory cells, such as sub-blocks 804 to
809 in BLK0B. See FIGS. 1F and 8A for further details.
[0053] FIG. 1F depicts the embodiment of FIG. 1E, where a sub-block
of straight NAND strings is highlighted by diagonal lines. Each
sub-block includes a set of NAND strings which extend in the x
direction. For example, sub-block 804 includes straight NAND string
NSB0 and the NAND strings 180-183 which are behind NSB0. The other
sub-blocks 804 to 809 include NSB1-NSB5, respectively and the NAND
strings behind them in the -x direction.
[0054] FIG. 2A depicts a top view of a word line layer of a 3D
non-volatile memory device having U-shaped NAND strings, consistent
with FIG. 1C, showing word line layer portions and associated
drivers. This is a representative layer among the multiple word
line layers in a stack. Referring also to FIG. 2E, the stack
includes alternating dielectric and conductive layers or levels.
The dielectric layers or levels include D0 to D8 and may be made of
SiO2, for instance. The conductive layers or levels include BG,
which is a back gate layer, WL0 to WL6, which form word line
layers, e.g., conductive paths to control gates of the memory cells
at the layer, and SG, which forms a select gate layer, e.g., a
conductive path to control gates of select gates of NAND strings.
WL0-WL6 are at levels L0-L6, respectively. The word line layer of
FIG. 2A may represent any one of WL0 to WL6, for instance. The
conductive layers may include doped polysilicon or metal silicide,
for instance. An example voltage of 5-10 V may be applied to the
back gate to maintain a conductive state which connects the drain-
and source-side columns.
[0055] FIG. 2A depicts the block BLK0A of FIG. 1C and a similar
block BLK1A as an example. For each block, the word line layer is
divided into two word line layer portions, e.g., word line layer
portions WLA1 and WLA2 in BLK0A, and word line layer portions WLB1
and WLB2 in BLK1A. Each block includes a slit pattern. A slit
refers, e.g., to a void which extends vertically in the stack,
typically from an etch stop layer at the bottom to at least a top
layer of the stack. The slit can be filled with insulation to
insulate words line layer portions from one another. A slit 208 of
BLK0A is a single continuous slit which extends in a zig-zag
pattern in the block so that the block is divided into two
portions, WLA1 and WLA2, which are insulated from one another.
Similarly, a slit 209 of BLK1A divides BLK1A into two portions,
WLB1 and WLB2, which are insulated from one another. This approach
can provide greater flexibility in controlling the memory cells
since the word line layer portions can be drive independently.
[0056] Each block includes rows of columnar, e.g., vertical, memory
holes or pillars, represented by circles. Each row represents a
vertical group of columns in the figure. The memory holes extend
vertically in the stack and include memory cells such as in a
vertical NAND string. Example columns of memory cells in BLK0A
along a line 200 include C0 to C11. The figure represents a
simplification, as many more rows of memory holes will typically be
used, extending to the right and left in the figure. Also, the
figures are not necessarily to scale. The columns of memory cells
can be arranged in sub-blocks 201 to 206 in BLK0A and 221 to 226 in
BLK1A. When U-shaped NAND strings are used, each sub-block can
include two adjacent rows of columns of memory cells. In a
sub-block, the adjacent rows are separated by the slit. The columns
of memory cells on one side of the slit are drain-side columns
(e.g., C0, C3, C4, C7, C8 and C11 in FIG. 2E), and the columns of
memory cells on the other side of the slit are source-side columns
(e.g., C1, C2, C5, C6, C9 and C10 in FIG. 2E). Note that the
pattern of two source-side columns between two drain-side columns
repeats in the y-direction.
[0057] Word line drivers WL0A1-DR, WL0A2-DR, WL1A1-DR and WL1A2-DR
independently provide signals such as voltage waveforms to the word
line layer portions WLA1, WLA2, WLB1 and WLB2, respectively.
[0058] The drawings are not to scale and do not show all memory
columns. For example, a more realistic block might have 12 memory
columns in the y direction as shown, but a very large number such
as 32k memory columns in the x direction, for a total of 384k
memory columns in a block. With U-shaped NAND strings, this is 192K
NAND strings. With straight NAND strings, this is 384k NAND
strings.
[0059] FIG. 2B depicts a top view of a select gate layer of the 3D
non-volatile memory device of FIG. 2A, showing drain-side select
gate lines, source-side select gate lines and associated drivers.
For example, this can represent layer SG of FIG. 2E. A separate
select gate line, e.g., a conductive line or path, is associated
with each row of columns of memory cells. Moreover, separate select
gate lines can be connected to the drain- and source-side columns
of a U-shaped NAND string. For example, BLK0A includes drain-side
select gate lines 231, 234, 235, 238, 239 and 242, which are driven
by select gate drivers SGD0A0-DR to SGD0A5-DR, respectively, and
source-side select gate lines 232, 233, 236, 237, 240 and 241,
which are driven by select gate drivers SGS0A0-DR to SGS0A5-DR,
respectively (DR denotes driver). Similarly, BLK1 includes
drain-side select gate lines 251, 254, 255, 258, 259 and 262, which
are driven by select gate drivers SGD6-DR to SGD11-DR,
respectively, and source-side select gate lines 252, 253, 256, 257,
260 and 261, which are driven by select gate drivers SGS0A1-DR to
SGS1A5-DR, respectively. The select gate drivers provide signals
such as voltage waveforms to the select gate lines.
[0060] FIG. 2C depicts a top view of a source line layer of the 3D
non-volatile memory device of FIG. 2A, showing source lines and
associated drivers. For example, this can represent layer SL of
FIG. 2E. A source line, e.g., a conductive line or path, is
associated with pairs of rows of source-side columns of memory
cells. A source line is connected to a source-side end of a
U-shaped or straight NAND string. For example, BLK0A includes
source lines 271 (e.g., connected to C0 and C1), 272 (e.g.,
connected to C5 and C6) and 273 (e.g., connected to C9 and C10).
Similarly, BLK1A includes source lines 274, 275 and 276. The source
line drivers provide signals such as voltage waveforms to the
source lines. For example, SL0A-DR provides signals to source lines
271 to 273, and SL1A-DR provides signals to source lines 274 to
276.
[0061] FIG. 2D depicts a top view of a bit line layer of the 3D
non-volatile memory device of FIG. 2A, showing bit lines and
associated drivers. For example, this can represent layer BL of
FIG. 2E. A bit line, e.g., a conductive line or path, is associated
with a set of columns of memory cells which extend in a horizontal
line in the figure. A bit line extends across multiple blocks which
are adjacent laterally of one another. A bit line is connected to a
drain-side end of a U-shaped or straight NAND string, e.g., to a
vertical channel or body of the NAND string. For example, bit lines
281 to 295 are driven by bit line drivers BL0-DR to BL14-DR,
respectively. The bit line drivers provide signals such as voltage
waveforms to the ends of the NAND strings. Each bit line can be
independently driven.
[0062] FIG. 2E depicts a cross-sectional view of a block of the 3D
non-volatile memory device of FIG. 2A, along line 200 of SetA0 of
NAND strings of FIG. 2A. Columns of memory cells C0 to C11 are
depicted in the multi-layer stack. The stack 277 includes the
substrate 101, an insulating film 109 on the substrate, and a back
gate layer BG, which is a conductive layer, on the insulating film.
A trench is provided in portions of the back gate below pairs of
columns of memory cells of a U-shaped NAND string. Layers of
materials which are provided in the columns to form the memory
cells are also provided in the trenches, and the remaining space in
the trenches is filled with a semiconductor material to provide
connecting portions 263 to 268 which connect the columns. The back
gate thus connects the two columns of each U-shaped NAND string.
For example, NSA0 includes columns C0 and C1 and connecting portion
263. NSA0 has a drain end 278 and a source end 302. NSA1 includes
columns C2 and C3 and connecting portion 264. NSA1 has a drain end
306 and a source end 304. NSA2 includes columns C4 and C5 and
connecting portion 265. NSA3 includes columns C6 and C7 and
connecting portion 266. NSA4 includes columns C8 and C9 and
connecting portion 267. NSA5 includes columns C10 and C11 and
connecting portion 268.
[0063] The source line SLA0 is connected to the source ends 302 and
304 of two adjacent memory strings NSA0 and NSA1, respectively, in
the SetA0 of memory strings. The source line SLA0 is also connected
to other sets of memory strings which are behind NSA0 and NSA1 in
the x direction. Recall that additional U-shaped NAND strings in
the stack 277 extend behind the U-shaped NAND strings depicted in
the cross-section, e.g., along the x-axis. The U-shaped NAND
strings NSA0 to NSA5 are each in a different sub-block, but are in
a common set of NAND strings (SetA0).
[0064] The slit portion 208 from FIG. 2A is also depicted as an
example. In the cross-section, multiple slit portions are seen,
where each slit portion is between the drain- and source-side
columns of a U-shaped NAND string. Portions of the source lines 271
to 273 are also depicted. A portion of the bit line BLA0 is also
depicted.
[0065] Short dashed lines depict memory cells and select gates, as
discussed further below.
[0066] A region 269 of the stack is shown in greater detail in FIG.
2F.
[0067] FIG. 2F depicts a close-up view of the region 269 of the
column C0 of FIG. 2E, showing a drain-side select gate SGD0 and a
memory cell MC6,0. See also FIG. 3, where this notation is also
used. The region shows portions of the dielectric layers D6 to D8
and the conductive layers WL6 and SG. Each column includes a number
of layers which are deposited along the sidewalls of the column.
These layers can include oxide-nitride-oxide and polysilicon layers
which are deposited, e.g., using atomic layer deposition. For
example, a block oxide can be deposited as layer 296, a nitride
such as SiN as a charge trapping layer can be deposited as layer
297, a tunnel oxide can be deposited as layer 298, a polysilicon
body or channel can be deposited as layer 299, and a core filler
dielectric can be deposited as region 300. Additional memory cells
are similarly formed throughout the columns.
[0068] When a memory cell is programmed, electrons are stored in a
portion of the charge trapping layer which is associated with the
memory cell. For example, electrons are represented by "-" symbols
in the charge trapping layer 297 for MC6,0. These electrons are
drawn into the charge trapping layer from the polysilicon body, and
through the tunnel oxide. The threshold voltage of a memory cell is
increased in proportion to the amount of stored charge. During the
weak-erase type read disturb, discussed previously, an electric
field across the tunnel oxide can causes holes to be injected from
the memory cell's body to the charge trapping layer, resulting in a
Vth downshift. FIG. 2G depicts a cross-sectional view of the column
C0 of FIG. 2F. Each layer is ring-shaped in one possible approach,
except the core filler which is cylindrical.
[0069] A region 270, which can encircle the column C0, provides a
control gate of SGD0. A region C0, which can encircle the column
C0, provides a control gate of the memory cell MC6,0.
[0070] FIG. 3 depicts an arrangement of memory cells in an example
set of NAND strings such as SetA0 in FIG. 2E. NAND strings NSA0 to
NSA5 and their columns of memory cells are depicted. For
convenience, a notation is used in which SGD denotes a drain-side
select gate of a NAND string, e.g., the select gate at the top of
the drain-side column of a U-shaped NAND string. Each SGD is
numbered, starting from 0 and proceeding left to right across the
figures, e.g., from SGD0 to SGD5. SGS denotes a source-side select
gate of a NAND string, e.g., the select gate at the top of the
source-side column of a U-shaped NAND string. Each SGS is also
numbered, starting from 0 and proceeding left to right across the
figures, e.g., from SGS- to SGS5.
[0071] Each memory cell is numbered in a (z,y) format where z
denotes a word line layer or level of the memory cell and y denotes
the position of the memory cell in the word line layer or level.
For example, memory cells connected to WL0, WL1, WL2, WL3, WL4, WL5
and WL6 are numbered as MC0,0-MC0,11, MC1,0-MC1,11, MC2,0-MC2,11,
MC3,0-MC3,11, MC4,0-MC4,11, MC5,0-MC5,11, and MC6,0-MC6,11,
respectively, proceeding left to right across the figures. WL0,
WL1, WL2, WL3, WL4, WL5 and WL6 denote word line layer portions at
a given level or height in the stack. The notation L0-L6 denotes
the levels of WL0-WL6, respectively.
[0072] Additionally, a heavy dashed line border of a memory cell
indicates a selected memory cell which has been selected in a read
operation. A lighter dashed line border of a memory cell indicates
an unselected memory cell which has not been selected in a read
operation.
[0073] Recall that each word line layer can have two,
inter-digitated word line layer portions as set forth in FIG. 2A.
In one approach, only the memory cells of one of the word line
layer portions are selected to be read. In another approach, as
shown here, the memory cells of both of the word line layer
portions in a sub-block are selected to be read. For example, the
memory cells which are at a selected level and which are in a
selected sub-block are selected to be read. In this example, MC3,0
306 and MC3,1 308 are in a selected sub-block 201 which includes
NSA0 and the NAND strings behind it in the x-direction, and are
selected to be read in a read operation. L3 is a selected level of
the block. The other memory cells (i.e., MC3,2-MC3,11) at the
selected level but in the five unselected sub-blocks 202-206
(associated with NSA1-NSA5, respectively) are not selected to be
read in the current read operation. They can be selected in a
subsequent read operation if desired. Further, the memory cells in
the unselected levels (i.e., WL0/L0-WL2/L2 and WL4/L4-WL6/L6) are
unselected memory cells which are not selected to be read in the
read operation. L0-L2 and L4-L6 are unselected levels of the
block.
[0074] Generally, a read operation can involve a selected level
(representing a word line layer or more word line layer portion),
and all, or fewer than all, of the memory cells in a selected
sub-block. In the nominal case, all memory cells in a selected
level and in a selected sub-block are selected to be read.
[0075] With NSA0 being part of the selected sub-block 201 (FIG. 1C)
in this example, the memory cells in the multiple levels of memory
cells of the block are arranged in at least one selected string of
memory cells (NSA0) and at least one unselected string of memory
cells (NSA1-NSA5). The at least one selected string of memory cells
includes at least one selected memory cell (MC3,0 and MC3,1). The
at least one selected string of memory cells comprises a drain end
278 (FIG. 2E) with an associated first select gate (SGD0 310) and a
source end 302 (FIG. 2E) with an associated second select gate
(SGS0 312), and includes memory cells (MC0,0-MC6,0) in each of the
multiple levels (L0-L6). The at least one unselected string of
memory cells (NSA1) does not include any of the selected memory
cells, and comprises a drain end 306 with an associated third
select gate (SGD1 316) and a source end 304 with an associated
fourth select gate (SGS1 314), and includes memory cells
(MC0,1-MC6,1) in each of the multiple levels (L0-L6).
[0076] The at least one selected string of memory cells (NSA0) is
in a selected sub-block 201 of a block BLK0A (FIG. 1C) of the 3D
stacked non-volatile memory device. The selected sub-block includes
a plurality of selected strings of memory cells NSA0 and 170-173
(FIG. 1C). The at least one unselected string of memory cells
(NSA1-NSA5) is in an unselected sub-block (202-206) of the block.
The unselected sub-block includes a plurality of unselected strings
of memory cells (NSA1-NSA5 and the NAND strings behind them).
[0077] FIG. 4 depicts threshold voltage distributions of an erased
state and higher data states. As mentioned, memory cells can be
programmed so that their threshold voltages are in respective
ranges which represent data states. Initially, an erase operation
is performed which places all of the memory cells in the erased
state (E). Subsequently, some of the memory cells can be programmed
to a higher threshold voltage such as to represent the A, B or C
data states.
[0078] The x-axis indicates a threshold voltage and the y-axis
indicates a number of storage elements. In this example, there are
four data states (each represented by a threshold voltage
distribution): an initial erased state 400, a soft programmed
erased state (E) 402, an A state 404, a B state 406 and a C state
408. Memory devices with additional data states, e.g., eight or
sixteen data states, can also be used. The distribution 400 is
realized after the erase operation when storage elements are
typically over-erased, past the erase state 402. In the erase
operation, one or more erase pulses are applied to the NAND string
at its source and/or drain ends, until the threshold voltage of the
storage elements being erased transitions below an erase-verify
level, Vv-erase which can be 0 V or close to 0V, in one
approach.
[0079] Once the erase operation is completed for a block, the soft
programming operation is performed, in which one or more positive
voltage pulses are applied to the control gates of the storage
elements, such as via a word line, to increase the threshold
voltages of some or all of the storage elements in the distribution
400 closer to and below a soft programming (SPGM) verify level,
Vv-spgm, to the erased state 402. For example, a certain, small
fraction of the storage elements may be soft programmed to have a
Vth above Vv-spgm, at which point the soft programing ends, leaving
most of the other storage elements with a Vth which is close to,
but below, Vv-spgm. Vv-spgm is typically above or equal to
Vv-erase. The soft programming operation advantageously results in
a narrow erase state distribution 402. Once the soft programming
operation is complete, programming to higher data states can occur,
such as to states A, B and C using verify levels VvA, VvB and VvC,
respectively. A subsequent read operation can use the levels VcgrA,
VcgrB and VcgrC as control gate read voltages. In one possible
approach, a read operation using VreadA is performed to distinguish
E-state cells from A-, B- and C-state cells, followed by a read
operation using VcgrB to distinguish A-state cells from B- and
C-state cells, followed by a read operation using VcgrC to
distinguish B-state cells from C-state cells. An overall read
operation can be considered to include read operations using each
of VcgrA, VgrB and VcgrC.
[0080] FIG. 5A depicts a read operation for a block of memory
cells. A read operation begins at step 500. Step 502 identifies a
selected sub-block of memory cells to be read. Step 504 identifies
selected memory cells in a selected sub-block. For example, all
memory cells in a sub-block can be read. The memory cells to be
read in the selected sub-block are selected memory cells and the
associated NAND strings in which the selected memory cells are
located are selected NAND strings. The memory cells which are not
to be read in the selected sub-block are unselected memory cells,
although these unselected memory cells can be part of selected NAND
strings. A sub-block which is not currently selected to be read is
an unselected sub-block and its memory cells are unselected memory
cells in unselected NAND strings. In one approach, the selected
memory cells store a unit of data such as a page.
[0081] The identifying steps can be performed by control circuitry.
A read operation can be initiated by control circuitry of the
memory device independently of an external host controller, or in
response to a command from an external host controller, for
instance.
[0082] Step 506 begins a channel boosting portion of the read
operation. Step 508 sets initial voltages. See FIGS. 5B-7E for
further details. One of two general approaches can be followed
next. In one approach, step 510 sets a channel boosting level in
the unselected NAND strings based on coupling from Vcg_unsel, which
is the control gate voltage of the unselected memory cells, which
can be applied to control gates via a word line layer or portion.
Additionally, the full effect of coupling is reduced by spiking
Vsgd and/or Vsgs, as discussed further in connection with FIGS.
5B-5E. In another approach, step 512 sets a channel boosting level
in the unselected NAND strings to Vbl0. Vbl0 is an elevated
non-zero voltage (e.g., 2-3 V) which is applied on bit lines which
are connected to the unselected NAND strings (this could be all bit
lines in a block). See FIG. 5F for further details. Optionally,
step 514 is also performed to increase the channel boosting level
in the unselected NAND strings further based on coupling from
Vcg_unsel. See FIG. 5G for further details.
[0083] Step 516 begins the sensing portion of the read operation.
This includes, at step 518, setting Vcg_sel to Vcgr (e.g., VcgrA,
VcgrB, or VcgrC, for instance). Vcg_sel is the control gate voltage
of the selected memory cells, which can be applied to control gates
via a word line layer or portion. Step 520, at a sense time, senses
whether Vth of the selected memory cells is above Vcgr. See FIGS.
6E and 7E for further details. Step 522 ends the read operation.
The read operation can be repeated for an additional Vcgr level.
Typically, N-1 read operations using Vcgr levels are used when the
memory cells are programmed to N data states. The Vth of a selected
memory cell is at or above Vcgr when sensing circuitry determines
that the associated NAND string is non-conductive. Likewise, the
Vth of a selected memory cell is below Vcgr when sensing circuitry
determines that the associated NAND string is conductive.
[0084] FIG. 5B depicts an embodiment of the read operation of FIG.
5A. This approach involves: a SGD and SGS spike + making the
selected memory cell conductive + a one-step increase in Vcg_unsel.
This approach is described further in connection with FIGS. 6A1, B,
C, D1, E and F. In this embodiment, a spike shaped voltage is
applied to both the SGD and SGS select gates. A spike shaped
voltage waveform can be a voltage waveform that is increased toward
a commanded level and abruptly decreased. In one approach, the
voltage waveform is decreased before it reaches the commanded
level. In one approach, the voltage waveform is decreased after it
reaches the commanded level. A spike shaped voltage waveform can be
characterized by its peak amplitude and its duration, e.g., overall
duration, or duration above a specified amplitude.
[0085] Vsgd_unsel is the voltage applied to the SGD select gate of
unselected NAND strings. Vsgs_unsel is the voltage applied to the
SGS select gate of unselected NAND strings. Waveform 600 in FIG.
6A1 represents Vsgd_unsel and Vsgs_unsel. These voltages transition
or spike up from 0 V starting at t1, exceed a level of V1 at t2,
reach a peak of V2 at t3, fall below V1 at t4 and subsequently back
to 0 V.
[0086] Specifically, from t1-t3, a control circuit requests
Vsgd_unsel and Vsgs_unsel to be at a specified level. Due to finite
response times and RC delays, the actual level of Vsgd_unsel and
Vsgs_unsel will transition up over a period of time from t1-t3. In
one approach, the period t1-t3 is not sufficient for Vsgd_unsel and
Vsgs_unsel to reach the requested level. Instead, Vsgd_unsel and
Vsgs_unsel peak at t3 at some level referred to as V2. From t2-t4,
Vsgd_unsel and Vsgs_unsel are sufficiently high, e.g., above V1, so
that the SGD and SGS select gates transition to a conductive state.
V1 is based on factors including the Vth of the SGD and SGS select
gates. The SGD and SGS select gates are in a non-conductive state
before t2 and after t4. At t3, the control circuit requests Vsgd
unsel and Vsgs unsel to be set, e.g., to 0 V, in response to which
Vsgd_unsel and Vsgs_unsel decay toward 0 V.
[0087] In FIG. 6B, waveform 602 represents Vsgd_sel and Vsgs_sel,
which transition from 0 V at t0 to a level referred to as V3
(>V2) at t1, remain at V3, a steady state level, for a duration
of the read operation, and transition back to 0 V at t10. Vsgd_sel
and Vsgs_sel will enter a conductive state shortly after t1.
[0088] In FIG. 6C, waveform 604 represents Vcg_unsel, also referred
to as a pass voltage Vpass, which transitions from 0 V at t1 to a
steady state level of Vread_pass at t5, in one continuous increase,
remains at Vread_pass from t5-t10, and transitions back to 0 V at
t10. Vcg_unsel is the voltage applied to the control gate of
unselected memory cells. Vcg_sel is the voltage applied to the
control gate of selected memory cells. Vread_pass is sufficiently
high to provide all unselected memory cells in a conductive
state.
[0089] In FIG. 6D1, the waveforms represent options for Vcg_sel.
Vcg_sel transitions from 0 V to Vread_pass and back to 0 V, in a
boosting phase of a read operation, and then to Vcgr and back to 0
V, in a sensing phase of a read operation. For example, waveform
606 depicts Vcg_sel transitioning up from 0 V at t1, reaching
Vread_pass at t5, and transitioning back to 0 V after t5. Raising
Vcg_sel above the Vth of the selected memory cells causes the
selected memory cells to be in a conductive state. At t6, Vcg_sel
transitions from 0 V to one of the Vcgr read levels, such as VcgrA
612, VcgrB 610 or VcgrC 608, and remains at that level until
t10.
[0090] In FIG. 6E, waveforms 622 and 624 represent Vbl. Vbl
transitions from 0 V to Vbl0 (an elevated non-zero level which is
suitable for sensing) at t1, and either remains at Vbl0 or decays
during sensing from t8-t10, and transitions back to 0 V at t10. In
one approach, the voltage in the channel of the selected NAND
string, Vchannel_sel, will be set to Vbl, when Vsgd_sel and Vsg_sel
are conductive.
[0091] T9 is a sense time (Tsense) at which sensing circuitry
associated with each select NAND string determines a conductive
state of the NAND string. Since Vcg_unsel causes the unselected
memory cells in a NAND string to be in a conductive state, the
conductive state of the NAND string as determined by sensing
indicates the conductive state of the selected memory cell. With
Vcgr applied to the selected memory cell, the conductive state of
the NAND string indicates whether the Vth of the selected memory
cell exceeds Vcgr (string conductive.fwdarw.the Vth of the memory
cell exceeds Vcgr). In one approach, Vbl decays below a level
Vsense at t9 when the string is conductive, as represented by
waveform 624 and this decay is sensed by the sensing circuitry.
Waveform 622 represents the case where the string is not
conductive, in which case Vbl does not decay below Vsense.
[0092] In FIG. 6A1, from t1-t2, the SGD and SGS select gates of the
unselected NAND strings are in a non-conductive state, as
mentioned, so that the channel is isolated. As a result, when
Vcg_unsel (waveform 604) is ramped up, Vchannel_unsel, the channel
voltage of an unselected NAND string, (waveform 628) increases due
to capacitive coupling. From t2-t4, the SGD and SGS select gates
for the unselected NAND strings are in a conductive state. As a
result, the drain end of the channel will communicate with the bit
line which is at a level, e.g., between 0 V and Vbl0, and the
source end of the channel will communicate with the source line
which is at, e.g., 0 V. Vchannel provides a representative overall
voltage of the channel. Its exact level may be difficult to
predict, but it will be governed by the driving voltages at the
opposing ends. As an example, in FIG. 6F, Vchannel 628 increases
from t1-t2 at a relatively high rate due to the relatively high
rate of Vcg_unsel from t1-t2. The increase in Vchannel is
interrupted from t2-t4 because the channel is no longer isolated
due to the SGD and SGS select gates becoming conductive.
[0093] or t1-t3 the channel is isolated again due to the SGD and
SGS select gates becoming non-conductive. Vchannel increases again
from t4-t5 but at a relatively low rate due to the relatively low
rate of Vcg_unsel from t4-t5. By making the SGD and SGS select
gates of an unselected NAND string temporarily and briefly
conductive during the increase of Vcg_unsel, capacitive coupling
from Vcg_sel is temporarily interrupted. After t4, the SGD and SGS
select gates are in a non-conductive state. As Vcg_unsel (waveform
604) continues to ramp up from t4-t5, Vchannel (waveform 628)
increases due to capacitive coupling from Vcg_unsel, reaching a
level referred to as Vch0. When Vcg_unsel is steady at Vread_pass
from t5-t10, Vchannel (waveform 628) does not increase since there
is no capacitive coupling from the steady voltage.
[0094] Waveform 626 in FIG. 6F represents a comparison case for
Vchannel in which no spiking of the SGD or SGS select gates is
used, so that the full measure of channel boosting (at a level
referred to as Vch1) is realized. By reducing the channel boosting
to the optimum level referred to as Vch0 (Vbl0<Vch0<Vch1),
both normal and weak-erase type of read disturb can be optimally
repressed. Although Vch0 is not directly controllable, this
approach allows Vchannel to reach a level other than Vbl0.
[0095] Regarding Vcg_sel, an unselected memory cell (in an
unselected sub-block) which is connected to the same word line or
word line portion (e.g., is at the same level) as a selected memory
cell in a selected sub-block, will transition to a conductive state
since Vread_pass or a similar level exceeds the Vth of the highest
state memory cell. As a result, the channel of the unselected NAND
string is not cutoff at the unselected memory cell which is
connected to the same word line or word line portion as a selected
memory cell, and the temporary conductive state of the SGD select
gate, for instance, can achieve the desired goal of allowing the
channel to communicate with the bit line. The channel of the
unselected NAND string similarly is not cutoff at the other
unselected memory cells (which are not connected to the same word
line or word line portion as a selected memory cell, and which are
connected to the same word line or word line portion as an
unselected memory cell in a selected NAND string).
[0096] FIG. 5C depicts another embodiment of the read operation of
FIG. 5A. This approach involves: a SGD spike + making the selected
memory cell conductive + a one-step increase in Vcg_unsel. This
approach is described further in connection with FIGS. 6A2, B, C,
D1, E and F.
[0097] In this embodiment, a spiked voltage is applied to the SGD
select gates but not the SGS select gates. Vsgd_unsel transitions
from 0 V to V1 and back to 0 V, as discussed in connection with
waveform 600 (see FIG. 6A2). Vsgs_unsel remains at 0 V, as depicted
by waveform 605 in FIG. 6A2. Vsgd_sel and Vsgs_sel transition from
0 V to V2, remain at V2 for a duration of the read operation, and
transition back to 0 V at t10, as discussed in connection with
waveform 602 in FIG. 6B.
[0098] Vcg_unsel transitions from 0 V to Vread_pass and back to 0
V, as discussed in connection with waveform 604 in FIG. 6C. Vcg_sel
transitions from 0 V to Vread_pass and back to 0 V, and then to
Vcgr and back to 0 V, as discussed in connection with FIG. 6D1.
[0099] Vbl transitions from 0 V to Vbl0 and back to 0 V, as
discussed in connection with FIG. 6E.
[0100] When the SGD select gate is spiked but not the SGS select
gate, it is expected that Vchannel will be roughly similar to the
waveform 628 of FIG. 6F. In this case, the source end of the NAND
string is floating and the drain end is in communication with the
bit line, so that Vchannel will tend to transition toward Vbl from
t2-t4.
[0101] FIG. 5D depicts another embodiment of the read operation of
FIG. 5A. This approach involves: a SGS spike + making the selected
memory cell conductive + a one-step increase in Vcg_unsel. This
approach is described further in connection with FIGS. 6A3, B, C,
D1, E and F. In this embodiment, a spiked voltage is applied to the
SGS select gates but not the SGD select gates. Vsgs_unsel
transitions from 0 V to V1 and back to 0 V, as discussed in
connection with waveform 600 in FIG. 6A3. Vsgd_unsel remains at 0
V, as depicted by waveform 605 in FIG. 6A3. Vsgd_sel and Vsgs_sel
transition from 0 V to V2, remain at V2 for a duration of the read
operation, and transition back to 0 V at t10, as discussed in
connection with waveform 602 in FIG. 6B.
[0102] Vcg_unsel transitions from 0 V to Vread_pass and back to 0
V, as discussed in connection with waveform 604 in FIG. 6C. Vcg_sel
transitions from 0 V to Vread_pass and back to 0 V, and then to
Vcgr and back to 0 V, as discussed in connection with FIG. 6D1.
[0103] Vbl transitions from 0 V to Vbl0 and back to 0 V, as
discussed in connection with FIG. 6E.
[0104] When the SGS select gate is spiked but not the SGD select
gate, it is expected that Vchannel will be roughly similar to the
waveform 628 of FIG. 6F, although Vchannel may drop slightly from
t2-t4. In this case, the drain end of the NAND string is floating
and the source end is in communication with the source line, so
that Vchannel will tend to transition toward Vsl=0 V from
t2-t4.
[0105] FIG. 5E depicts another embodiment of the read operation of
FIG. 5A. This approach involves: a SGD and SGS spike + allowing the
selected memory cell to be non-conductive + a one-step increase in
Vcg_unsel. This approach is described further in connection with
FIGS. 6A1, B, C, D2, E and F.
[0106] Vsgd_unsel and Vsgs_unsel transition from 0 V to V1 and back
to 0 V, as discussed in connection with waveform 600 in FIG. 6A1.
Vsgd_sel and Vsgs_sel transition from 0 V to V2, remain at V2 for a
duration of the read operation, and transition back to 0 V at t10,
as discussed in connection with waveform 602 in FIG. 6B.
[0107] Vcg_unsel transitions from 0 V to Vread_pass and back to 0
V, as discussed in connection with waveform 604 in FIG. 6C. Vcg_sel
remains at 0 V from t0-t8, as depicted by waveform 611 in FIG. 6D2,
instead of transitioning higher as depicted by waveform 606 in FIG.
6D1. With Vcg_sel at 0 V, most or all of the selected memory cells
will be in a non-conductive state since their threshold voltages
will exceed Vcg_sel. Some of the E-state memory cells having a
Vth<0 V could be conductive with Vcg_sel at 0 V.
[0108] Vcg_sel transitions from 0 V to Vcgr and back to 0 V, as
depicted by the waveforms 608, 610 and 612 in FIG. 6D2.
[0109] Vbl transitions from 0 V to Vbl0 and back to 0 V, as
discussed in connection with FIG. 6E.
[0110] Since Vcg sel (e.g., 0 V, waveform 611) does not exceed the
Vth of most of the memory cells, the unselected memory cells which
are connected to the same word line or word line portion (e.g., on
the same level as) as a selected memory cell will be in a
non-conductive state, cutting off the channels of the unselected
NAND strings at these unselected memory cells. Each channel may be
divided into two portions, a drain side portion communicating with
the drain end and a source side portion communicating with the
source end. When the SGD and SGS select gates are made conductive
from t2-t4, the drain side portion of the channel will communicate
with a bit line, driving the voltage toward Vbl, and the source
side portion of the channel will communicate with a source line,
driving the voltage toward Vsl, e.g., discharging the source side
portion of the channel.
[0111] FIG. 5F depicts another embodiment of the read operation of
FIG. 5A. This approach involves raising and stabilizing (rather
than spiking) SGD + making the selected memory cell conductive + a
one-step increase in Vcg_unsel. This approach is described further
in connection with FIGS. 7A, B, C1, D, E and F1. Instead of spiking
Vsgd_unsel, in which Vsgd_unsel may not reach a steady state level,
this approach allows Vsgd_unsel to reach and stabilize at V3, as
depicted by waveform 700 in FIG. 7A. In particular, Vsgd_unsel
rises up from 0 V starting at t1, exceeds Vth at t2, reaches V3,
remains at V3 until t4, and returns back to 0 V after t4.
Vsgs_unsel remains at 0 V from t0-t10, as depicted by waveform 702
in FIG. 7A.
[0112] In FIG. 7B, waveform 704 indicates that Vsgd_sel and
Vsgs_sel transition from 0 V to V2 at t1, remain at V2 for a
duration of the read operation, until t10, and transition back to 0
V after t10.
[0113] In FIG. 7C1, waveform 706 indicates that Vcg unsel
transitions from 0 V at t1 to Vread_pass at t3, remains at
Vread_pass from t3-t10, and returns back to 0 V after t10.
[0114] In FIG. 7D, waveform 708 indicates that Vcg_sel transitions
from 0 V at t1 to Vread_pass at t1, remains at Vread_pass until t4,
and returns back to 0 V after t4. Vcg_sel then transitions from 0 V
at t6 to one of the Vcgr levels 710, 712 and 714, remains at the
Vcgr level from t7-t10, and returns back to 0 V after t10. Tsense
is at t9.
[0115] In FIG. 7E, waveforms 716 and 718 indicate that Vbl
transitions from 0 V at t1 to Vbl0, and remains at Vbl0 until t8.
Waveform 716 represents the case where the selected NAND string is
non-conductive and waveform 718 represents the case where the
selected NAND string is conductive. This approach provides
certainty in the level of Vchannel (FIG. 7F1) since it is set to
Vbl0, a controllable parameter. In one approach, the voltage in the
channel of the selected NAND string, Vchannel_sel, will be set to
Vbl0, when Vsgd sel and Vsg_sel are conductive.
[0116] In FIG. 7F1, waveform 720 represents Vchannel. Vchannel
increases from t1-t2 at a relatively high rate due to the
relatively high rate of increase in Vcg_unsel from t1-t2. The
increase in Vchannel is interrupted at t2, after which Vchannel
stabilizes at Vbl0 since the bit line communicates with the channel
via the conductive SGD select gate from t2-t5. After t5, the SGD
select gate transitions back to the non-conductive state, so that
Vchannel is not set to Vbl0, but may remain about at Vbl0.
[0117] FIG. 5G depicts another embodiment of the read operation of
FIG. 5A. This approach involves raising and stabilizing (rather
than spiking) SGD + making the selected memory cell conductive + a
two-step increase in Vcg_unsel. This approach is described further
in connection with FIGS. 7A, B, C2, D, E and F2.
[0118] Vsgd_unsel transitions from 0 V to V3, remains at V3, and
returns back to 0 V after t4, as discussed in connection with
waveform 700 in FIG. 7A. Vsgs_unsel remains at 0 V from t0-t10, as
discussed in connection with waveform 702 in FIG. 7A.
[0119] Vsgd_sel and Vsgs_sel transition from 0 V to V3 at t1,
remain at V3 for a duration of the read operation, and transition
back to 0 V at t10, as discussed in connection with waveform 704 in
FIG. 7B.
[0120] Vcg_unsel transitions from 0 V to Vread_pass1 starting at
t1, in a first step, remains at Vread_pass1 until t5.1, transitions
from Vread_pass1 to Vread_pass2 (>Vread_pass1) starting at t5.1,
in a second step, remains at Vread_pass2 until t10, and returns
back to 0 V after t10, as depicted by waveform 706 in FIG. 7C2.
Thus, Vcg unsel transitions higher in two-steps. The idea could be
extended to additional steps as well.
[0121] Vcg_sel transitions from 0 V to Vread_pass and back to 0 V,
and then to Vcgr and back to 0 V, as discussed in connection with
FIG. 7D.
[0122] Vbl transitions from 0 V to Vbl0 and back to 0 V, as
discussed in connection with FIG. 7E.
[0123] In FIG. 7F2, Vchannel (waveform 722) increases from t1 -t2
at a relatively high rate due to the relatively high rate of
increase of Vcg_unsel (waveform 706) from t1-t2. The increase in
Vchannel is interrupted at t2. Vchannel stabilizes at Vbl0 from
about t2-t5 since the bit line at Vbl0 communicates with the
channel via the conductive SGD select gate. From t5-t5.1, the SGD
select gate becomes non-conductive again, so that Vchannel may
remain about at Vbl0 but is not driven to that level. Vchannel
increases again from t5.1-t5.2 at due to the increase in Vcg_unsel
(waveform 706) from t5.1-t5.2. Vchannel stabilizes at a level
referred to as Vch2 from t5.2-t10 since Vcg_unsel is stable.
Vchannel increases due to capacitive coupling from Vcg_unsel from
t1-t2 and t5.1-t5.2. Although Vch2 is not directly controllable,
this approach is more controllable than the approach of FIG. 6F,
for instance, because this approach drives Vchannel to a
controllable level (e.g., Vbl0) for a first increment of the
channel boosting. The second increment of the channel boosting,
Vch2-Vbl0, is typically smaller than the increment of Vch1-0 V in
FIG. 6F. However, there is a time and power consumption penalty
compared to the approach of FIG. 6F.
[0124] Note that Vchannel is generally set to Vbl for selected NAND
strings.
[0125] Each of the embodiments of FIGS. 5B-5G involves a method for
performing a read operation in a 3D stacked non-volatile memory
device comprising multiple levels (e.g., L0-L6 or L0-L5 in FIGS. 3
and 9, respectively) of memory cells, where the read operation is
performed on selected memory cells in a selected level (e.g., L3 in
the examples of FIGS. 3 and 9) of the multiple levels. The method
includes increasing a pass voltage (Vcg_unsel) from an initial
level (e.g., 0 V) to at least a first elevated level (Vread_pass),
for memory cells in unselected levels of the multiple levels. The
unselected levels could be (e.g., L0-L2 and L4-L6 or L0-L2, L4 and
L5 in FIGS. 3 and 9, respectively). The memory cells in the
multiple levels of memory cells are arranged in at least one
selected string of memory cells (e.g., NSA0 in FIG. 3 and NSB0 in
FIG. 9) and at least one unselected string of memory cells (e.g.,
NSA1-NSA5 in FIG. 3 and NSB1-NSB5 in FIG. 9). The at least one
selected string of memory cells includes at least one of the
selected memory cells. The at least one selected string of memory
cells comprises a drain end (278, 801) with an associated first
select gate (SGD0 310, 900) and a source end (302, 803) with an
associated second select gate (SGS0 312, 906), and includes memory
cells (MC0,0-MC6,0; MC0,0-MC5,0) in each of the multiple levels.
The at least one unselected string of memory cells does not include
any of the selected memory cells, comprises a drain end (306, 802)
with an associated third select gate (SGD1 316, 902) and a source
end (304, 816) with an associated fourth select gate (SGS1 314,
908), and includes memory cells (MC0,1-MC6,1; MC0,1-MC5,1) in each
of the multiple levels.
[0126] The method includes, during the increasing (e.g., throughout
or at least in part of t1-t5 in FIG. 6C or t1-t3 in FIG. 7C1),
providing the first select gate in a conductive state (e.g.,
increasing Vsgd_sel above V1); while providing the first select
gate in the conductive state, transitioning at least one of the
third and fourth select gates between a non-conductive state and
the conductive state (this could be a transition from
non-conductive to conductive such as at t2 in FIG. 6A1 or FIG. 7A,
or a transition from conductive to non-conductive such as at t4 in
FIG. 6A1 or t5 in FIG. 7A); and applying a control gate read
voltage (e.g., VcgrA, VcgrB or VcgrC) to the selected memory cells,
and sensing whether a threshold voltage of the at least one of the
selected memory cells is above the control gate read voltage by
sensing whether the at least one selected string of memory cells is
in a conductive state.
[0127] FIGS. 6A1 to 6D2 have a common time axis but the time
increments are not necessarily equally spaced and the figures are
not necessarily to scale. FIGS. 7A to 7F2 have a common time axis
(different than the time axis of FIGS. 6A1 to 6F). The time
increments are not necessarily equally spaced and the figures are
not necessarily to scale. Vsl=0 V for the examples of FIGS. 6A1-6F
and 7A-7F2. In FIGS. 6A1-6F, the boosting portion of the read
operation is from t1-t6, and the sensing portion is from t8-t11.
T6-t8 is a transition period between boosting and sensing. In FIGS.
7A, 7B, 7C1, 7D, 7E and 7F1, the boosting portion of the read
operation is from t1-t5, and the sensing portion is from t9-t12. In
FIGS. 7C2 and 7F2, the boosting portion of the read operation is
from t1-t8, and the sensing portion is from t9-t12.
[0128] FIG. 8A depicts a top view of word line layers of a 3D
non-volatile memory device having straight NAND strings, consistent
with FIGS. 1E and 1F, showing associated drivers. In this
configuration, a NAND string has only one column, and the
source-side select gate is on the bottom of the column instead of
on the top, as in a U-shaped NAND string. Moreover, a given level
of a block has one word line layer which is connected to each of
the memory cells of the layer. For example, BLK0B has word line
layer WL0B, driven by WL0B-DR, and BLK1B has word line layer WL1B,
driven by WLB1-DR. A number of slits, such as example slit 802, can
also be used. These insulation-filled slits are used in the
fabrication process to provide structural support for the stack
when undoped polysilicon layers are removed by a wet etch and a
dielectric is deposited to form the alternating dielectric
layers.
[0129] A dashed line 800 extends through columns C0 to C6, shown in
cross-section in FIG. 8F. Each block can include sub-blocks of
columns of memory cells, such as sub-blocks 804 to 809 in BLK0B and
sub-blocks 810 to 815 in BLK1B.
[0130] FIG. 8B depicts a top view of a select gate layer of the 3D
non-volatile memory device of FIG. 8A, showing drain-side select
gate lines and associated drivers. For example, this can represent
layer SGD of FIG. 8F. A separate drain-side select gate line, e.g.,
a conductive line or path, may be associated with each row of
columns of memory cells. For example, BLK0B includes select gate
lines 820 to 825, which are driven by select gate drivers SGD0-DR
to SGD5-DR, respectively. BLK1B includes select gate lines 826 to
831, which are driven by select gate drivers SGD6-DR to SGD11-DR,
respectively. The select gate drivers provide signals such as
voltage waveforms to the select gate lines.
[0131] FIG. 8C depicts a top view of a select gate layer of the 3D
non-volatile memory device of FIG. 8A, showing source-side select
gate lines and associated drivers. For example, this can represent
layer SGS of FIG. 8F. A separate source-side select gate line,
e.g., a conductive line or path, is associated with each row of
columns of memory cells. For example, BLK0B includes select gate
lines 840 to 846, which are driven by select gate drivers SGS0B0-DR
to SGS05B-DR, respectively. BLK1B includes select gate lines 846 to
851, which are driven by select gate drivers SGS1B0-DR to
SGS1B5-DR, respectively. The select gate drivers provide signals
such as voltage waveforms to the select gate lines.
[0132] FIG. 8D depicts a top view of a source line layer of the 3D
non-volatile memory device of FIG. 8A, showing source lines and
associated drivers. For example, this can represent layer SL of
FIG. 8F. A source line, e.g., a conductive line or path, is
associated with a set of columns of memory cells which extend in a
horizontal line in the figure. A source line extends across
multiple blocks which are adjacent laterally of one another. A
source line is connected to a source-side end of a NAND string,
e.g., to a vertical channel or body of the NAND string. For
example, source lines 861 to 875 are driven by source line driver
SL-DR. The source line driver provides a signal such as a voltage
waveform to the source-side ends of the NAND strings.
[0133] FIG. 8E depicts a top view of a bit line layer of the 3D
non-volatile memory device of FIG. 8A, showing bit lines and
associated drivers for BLK0B and BLK1B. For example, this can
represent layer BL of FIG. 8F. A bit line, e.g., a conductive line
or path, is associated with a set of columns of memory cells which
extend in a horizontal line in the figure. A bit line extends
across multiple blocks which are adjacent laterally of one another.
A bit line is connected to a drain-side end of a NAND string, e.g.,
to a vertical channel or body of the NAND string. For example, bit
lines 881 to 895 are driven by bit line drivers BL0-DR to BL14-DR,
respectively. The bit line drivers provide signals such as voltage
waveforms to the drain-side ends of the NAND strings.
[0134] FIG. 8F depicts a cross-sectional view of a block of the 3D
non-volatile memory device of FIG. 8A, along line 800 of setB0 of
NAND strings FIG. 8A. Columns of memory cells corresponding to NAND
strings NSB0 to NSB5, respectively, are depicted in the multi-layer
stack. The stack 877 includes a substrate 101, an insulating film
109 on the substrate, and a portion of a source line 863. Recall
that the additional straight NAND strings in a sub-block extend in
front of and in back of the NAND strings depicted in the
cross-section, e.g., along the x-axis. The NAND strings NSB0 to
NSB5 are each in a different sub-block, but are in a common set of
NAND strings (SetB0). NSB0 has a source end 803 and a drain end
801. The slit 802 from FIG. 8A is also depicted with other slits. A
portion of the bit line BLB0 is also depicted. Dashed lines depict
memory cells and select gates, as discussed further below. WL0-WL6
represent word line layers or word line layer portions which are
are at levels L0-L6, respectively.
[0135] FIG. 9 depicts an arrangement of memory cells in an example
set of NAND strings such as SetB0 in FIG. 8F. NAND strings NSB0 to
NSB5 are depicted. A similar notation as used above is provided. In
an example read process, the memory cell which is selected to be
read is MC3,0. L3 is thus a selected level of the block. MC3,0 is
in a selected sub-block 804 (FIG. 1F) comprising NSB0 and the NAND
strings behind it. The other memory cells of L3 (i.e.,
MC3,1-MCS3,5) are in five unselected sub-blocks comprising
NSB1-NSB5 and the NAND strings 180-183 behind them. Also, the other
memory cells of the other levels (L0-L2, L4 and L5) are
unselected.
[0136] With NSB0 being part of the selected sub-block 804 (FIG. 1F)
in this example, the memory cells in the multiple levels of memory
cells of the block are arranged in at least one selected string of
memory cells (NSB0) and at least one unselected string of memory
cells (NSB1-NSB5). The at least one selected string of memory cells
includes at least one selected memory cell (MC3,0 904). The at
least one selected string of memory cells comprises a drain end 801
(FIG. 8F) with an associated first select gate (SGD0 900) and a
source end 803 (FIG. 8F) with an associated second select gate
(SGS0 906), and includes memory cells (MC0,0-MC5,0) in each of the
multiple levels (L0-L5). The at least one unselected string of
memory cells (NSA1) does not include any of the selected memory
cells, and comprises a drain end 802 with an associated third
select gate (SGD1 902) and a source end 816 with an associated
fourth select gate (SGS1 908), and includes memory cells
(MC0,1-MC5,1) in each of the multiple levels (L0-L5).
[0137] The at least one selected string of memory cells (NSB0) is
in a selected sub-block 804 of a block BLK0B (FIG. 1F) of the 3D
stacked non-volatile memory device. The selected sub-block includes
a plurality of selected strings of memory cells NSB0 and 180-183
(FIG. 1F). The at least one unselected string of memory cells
(NSB1-NSB5) is in an unselected sub-block (805-809) of the block.
The unselected sub-block includes a plurality of unselected strings
of memory cells (NSB1-NSB5 and the NAND strings behind them).
[0138] Accordingly, it can be seen that, in one embodiment, a
method is provided for performing a read operation in a 3D stacked
non-volatile memory device comprising multiple levels of memory
cells, where the read operation is performed on selected memory
cells in a selected level of the multiple levels. The method
includes: (a) increasing a pass voltage (Vcg_unsel) from an initial
level (e.g., 0 V) to at least a first elevated level (Vread_pass),
for memory cells in unselected levels of the multiple levels, the
memory cells in the multiple levels of memory cells are arranged in
at least one selected string of memory cells and at least one
unselected string of memory cells, the at least one selected string
of memory cells includes at least one of the selected memory cells,
comprises a drain end with an associated first select gate (SGD)
and a source end with an associated second select gate (SGS), and
includes memory cells in each of the multiple levels, and the at
least one unselected string of memory cells does not include any of
the selected memory cells, comprises a drain end with an associated
third select gate (SGD) and a source end with an associated fourth
select gate (SGS), and includes memory cells in each of the
multiple levels; (b) during the increasing, providing the first
select gate in a conductive state; (c) while providing the first
select gate in the conductive state, transitioning at least one of
the third and fourth select gates between a non-conductive state
and the conductive state; and (d) applying a control gate read
voltage to the selected memory cells, and sensing whether a
threshold voltage of the at least one of the selected memory cells
is above the control gate read voltage by sensing whether the at
least one selected string of memory cells is in a conductive
state.
[0139] In another embodiment, a 3D stacked non-volatile memory
device comprises multiple levels of memory cells formed on a
substrate, the memory cells in the multiple levels of memory cells
are arranged in at least one selected string of memory cells and at
least one unselected string of memory cells, where (a) the at least
one selected string of memory cells includes at least one of the
selected memory cells, and comprises a drain end with an associated
first select gate (SGD) and a source end with an associated second
select gate (SGS), and (b) the at least one unselected string of
memory cells does not include any of the selected memory cells, and
comprises a drain end with an associated third select gate (SGD)
and a source end with an associated fourth select gate (SGS). The
3D stacked non-volatile memory device further comprises at least
one control circuit. The at least one control circuit, to perform a
read operation on selected memory cells in a selected level of the
multiple levels: (c) increases a pass voltage (Vcg_unsel) from an
initial level (e.g., 0 V) to at least a first elevated level
(Vread_pass), for memory cells in unselected levels of the multiple
levels, (d) during the increase, provides the first select gate in
a conductive state, (e) while the first select gate is provided in
the conductive state, transitions at least one of the third and
fourth select gates between a non-conductive state and the
conductive state, (f) applies a control gate read voltage to the
selected memory cells, and (g) with the control gate read voltage
applied, senses whether a threshold voltage of the at least one of
the selected memory cells is above the control gate read
voltage.
[0140] In another embodiment, a method is provided for performing a
read operation in a 3D stacked non-volatile memory device
comprising multiple levels of memory cells. The read operation is
performed on selected memory cells in a selected level of the
multiple levels. The method comprises: (a) boosting a channel of at
least one unselected string of memory cells, the memory cells in
the multiple levels of memory cells are arranged in at least one
selected string of memory cells and the at least one unselected
string of memory cells, the at least one selected string of memory
cells includes at least one of the selected memory cells, comprises
a drain end with an associated first select gate (SGD) and a source
end with an associated second select gate (SGS), and the at least
one unselected string of memory cells does not include any of the
selected memory cells, and comprises a drain end with an associated
third select gate (SGD) and a source end with an associated fourth
select gate (SGS), the boosting the channel includes increasing a
pass voltage (Vcg_unsel) from an initial level (e.g., 0 V) to at
least a first elevated level (Vread_pass), for memory cells in
unselected levels of the multiple levels; (b) during the increasing
of the pass voltage, before the pass voltage reaches the first
elevated level, interrupting the boosting by raising a voltage of
the first select gate to cause the first select gate to transition
to a conductive state; and (c) with the channel at a boosted level
caused by the boosting, and the pass voltage (Vcg_unsel) at the at
least the first elevated level: applying a control gate read
voltage to the selected memory cells, and sensing whether a
threshold voltage of the at least one of the selected memory cells
is above the control gate read voltage.
[0141] The foregoing detailed description of the invention has been
presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not
intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise
form disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in
light of the above teaching. The described embodiments were chosen
in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its
practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art
to best utilize the invention in various embodiments and with
various modifications as are suited to the particular use
contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be
defined by the claims appended hereto.
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